光华财务会计第十章

Indirect method SCF reconciles net income with cash flow from operation
Δ cash = Δ current L+ Δ non-current L+ Δ E Δ current A (other than cash) -Δ non-current A Δ cash =[Net Income +Δ current L–Δ current A (other than cash)] +[Δ non-current L+ Δ other E] – [Δ non-current A]
现金流量表编制原理
资产 = 负债 + 所有者权益 Δ资产 =Δ负债+Δ所有者权益
Δ现金 +Δ非现金资产 = Δ负债+ Δ所有者权益 Δ现金 +Δ 流动资产 (除现金以外) +Δ非流动资产= Δ流动负债+ Δ非流动负债+ Δ所有者权益
Δ现金 = Δ流动负债+ Δ非流动负债+ Δ所有者权益-Δ 流动资产 (除现金以外) –Δ非流动资产
FASB 95 鼓励使用直接法 。 来自经营活动的现金流: 从客户处收取的现金 收到的股利和利息 经营活动提供的现金 对供应商和雇主支付的现金 支付利息 所得税 经营活动支付的现金 经营活动产生的净现金流
$3,103 19 3,122 2,729 67 98 2,894 228
直接法
REVIEW QUESTION
现金流量的分类
筹资活动：筹集资金 借债（偿债） 发行股票 投资活动：对企业所需资源的选择 购买固定资产、无形资产、股票或债券 经营活动：运用资源生产、分配和销售 收回帐款 支付货款 支付工资等等
Statement of Cash Flows: Concept
Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities
inflows
Cash Pool
outflows
Operating activities Investing activities
Financing activities
Try to classify these cash flow items:
Buying and selling inventories Paying back suppliers/collecting from customers Using cash to buy PPE Cash obtained from issuing bonds Interest paid on bonds Dividends paid to shareholders
Ch9 现金流量表
1. 现金及现金流量表
1. 现金
2. 现金流量的分类
3. 损益表和现金流量表的差异
2. 现金流量表的编制方法
1. 直接法 2. 间接法
Why investors need SCF?
We have learned in previous chapter that
Accrual accounting is better than cash
Collections on Account
=
Accrual-basis Revenues
{
+ Decrease in net A/R - Increase in net A/R
Direct Method
Payments for Inventory
Payments can be found in the purchases journal.
A
$ (3) (15) 18 0
新兴, 成长型 企业
B
$7 (12) 5 0
成长 速度 放弱
C
$ 15 (8) (7) 0
成熟, 稳定型 企业
D
$8 (2) (6) 0
衰退型 企业
The difference between earnings and cash flows
1. I/S explain change in retained earnings 2. I/S is accrued-based 3. I/S recognize property rights 4. I/S require estimates 5. I/S is prone to manipulation 6. Firms can survive a long string of negative earnings 7. Report only operating activities 1. SCF explain change in cash and cash equivalent 2. Cash basis 3. SCF emphasize ―actual possession‖ 4. SCF does not 5. SCF is so to a much less degree 6. Firms go bankrupt with a long string of negative cash flows (outflow) 7. Three business activities
经营活动现金流量的编制方法：
直接法和间接法
（1）直接法 特点：直接根据经营业务引起的现金流 入（收入）和现金支出（费用/支出）的主 要类别，反映经营活动产生的现金流量。 优点：直观，易以理解。 缺点：不能解释为什么本期“经营活动 的现金流量”与“净收益”存在差异。
CASH FLOW STATEMENT DIRECT METHOD
basis accounting Research shows that earnings is more value relevant
“现金”的含义
在现金流量表中，“现金”是采用广义现金概念。 广义现金包括：库存现金、银行存款（但不包括不能 随时支取的定期存款）、其他货币资金（如外埠存款 等）、以及现金等价物。 现金等价物是指虽非现金，但其支付能力与现金相差 无几的“准现金”。其基本特征有：期限短（通常要 求小于3个月）；流动性强（即易于变现）；价值变动 风险小。 “现金”所包含的具体内容可能因企业不同而异，但 须作表外披露。通常，不该包括短期股票投资（价值 变动风险大）。
Trade off between（1）and（2）, Cash can
reduce fudge increase bounce
lose truth
Cash may not be king.
Events
(1)Change depreciation policy from Acc to SL (2)Collect large AR (3)Buy a factory for cash (4)Drugs are approved
Sales revenue Add: decrease in A/R Cash collected from customers 129,000 2,000 131,000
经营活动现金流量的编制方法：
直接法和间接法
（2）间接法
特点：在净收益基础上，通过调整不涉及现金的收 入、费用、营业外收支、以及应收应付等项目的增 减变动，间接计算出经营活动产生的现金流量。 调整计算方法：经营活动产生的净现金流量 = 净 收益+ （折旧费用+应收帐款减少数+存货减少数+预 付费用减少数+应付项目增加数+处置长期资产损 失）—（应收帐款增加数+存货增加数+预付费用增 加数+应付项目减少数+处置长期资产收益）。
Preparing a Statement of Cash Flows
There are two methods of preparing the statement of cash flows:
1. the direct method and
2. the indirect method
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The direct method determines cash flows directly for each source or use of cash. The indirect method derives cash flows from accrual basis statements.
For the year ended December 31, 2006
Direct Method
Analyzing Sales
The key information is cash collected from customers. Can be computed two ways:
Obtained from cash receipts journal Obtained from accrual sales information:
Is cash king? Every reported numbers has three components：
（1）economic truth （2）managerial fudge （3）random bounce（measurement error or ―noise‖）
Given the following facts:
1. Beginning A/R is $44,000 2. Ending A/R is $42,000 3. Sales during the period are $129,000 Compute cash receipts from customers.