被动语态的结构及用法

5.A talk on Chinese history ____ in the school hall next week.
A is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
6.That's a nice watch! Is it _____ in China
（1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by)The cars are made by them.
（2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by)The cars are not made by them.
（3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by)Are the cars made by them
A make B making C made D makes
7.His grandma _____ for two years.
A was died B has been dead C was dead D has died
8.The medicine _____ cool, clean and dry.
(2)主动句为带any构成不定代词的否定句，被动句常用no
Eg. We didn't notice anything special in his work.
→Nothing special was noticed in his work.
2、S+V+O1+O2
（1）主动句的间接宾语/直接宾语→被动句的主语
3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg. The classroom is cleaned by us.
二、被动语态的构成：略
被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。
1、现在：
（1）一般现在时am/is/are + done
（4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by)
4、被动语态的用法：
1、强调动作的承受者eg. Her bike is stolen.
2、淡化动作的执行者（没有说明、没必要指出、不知道）
Eg. This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。
(3)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾仅一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ed
如stopped，planned
2、特殊变化：课本附录
Step 2 Presentation:呈现
一、语态概述：略讲
1、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，分为主动语态与被动语态两种。
2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg. We clean the classroom.
被动语态句式：
（1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by)The cars are made by them.
（2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by)The cars are not made by them.
（3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by)Are the cars made by them
A must keep B must be kept C must be carried D must be in
9.The lost boy _____ early this morning.
A found B was founded C was found D had found
10.The river smells terrible. People must _____ dirty.
A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing
C stop to throw D stop from throwing
11.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed _____.
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被动语态的结构及用法
Step 1 Warm-up: Review 复习
一、Review thepast participleforms of the verbs
1、规则动词过去分词的构成：
(1)一般情况+ed 如worked；以不发音的e结尾，直接+d如liked
(2)以“辅音字母+y”，y→i+ed如study→studied
A had produced B have been produced C would have produced D had been produced
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被动语态的构成：
被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。
（3）宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语
Eg. She told me when the film started.→I was told when the film started.
6、被动语态的注意事项：
1、by短语省略的几种情况：
（1）无法确定动作执行者eg. The Great Wall was built thousands years ago.
3、动作的承受者是谈话的中心eg. The picture was drawn by a boy under eight.
Step 3 Consolidation:巩固
5、主动与被动的转换：时态不变
A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语
B.谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格→宾格
1、现在：
（1）一般现在时am/is/are + done
（2）现在进行时am/is/are + being done
（3）现在完成时have/has + been done
2、过去：
（1）一般过去时was/were + done
（2）过去进行时was/were + being done
3、将来：一般将来时shall/wil来自百度文库 + be done
3、在被动语态中，感官动词和使役动词后面的不定式要带to (听hear, 观see/watch, 使make, 让let, 帮help)
4、没有被动语态的词：happen, rise, fit, turn, taste, sound, smell等
Step 4 Practice:练习
1.More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world now.（改为被动语态）
（4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by)
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（2）现在进行时am/is/are + being done
（3）现在完成时have/has + been done
2、过去：
（1）一般过去时was/were + done
（2）过去进行时was/were + being done
3、将来：一般将来时shall/will + be done
3、被动语态句式：略
2.Today Chinese _______(teach) in many schools around the world.
3.Rice is grown in the south by them.（改为主动句）
4.Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________(regard) as "People Writer".
Eg. They gave the children many good books.
→The children were given many good books.
Many good books were given to the children.
（2）只能主动句的直接宾语→被动句的主语
Eg. She wrote Jim a letter.→A letter was written to Jim.
Eg. He cut down a tree.→A tree was cut down by him.
1、S+V+O
(1)主动句为带no的否定句，被动句常用no，neither，never等
Eg. No one has ever beaten her at tennis.→She has never been beaten at tennis.
（2）泛指动作执行者eg. Children should be given a good living.
（3）不愿说出动作执行者
（4）前后文对执行者已有暗示eg. Your homework should be handed in early tomorrow.
2、主、被动转化,被保留的间接宾语前还原介词to\for\of (give, send, take, bring, get等)