无线环境监测模拟装置的设计

广西科技大学

毕业设计说明书课题名称无线环境监测模拟装置的设计

系别

专业电子信息科学与技术

班级

学号

姓名

指导教师

2013 年5 月20 日

近几年，随着科学技术的快速发展，单片机的普及和应用正在得到不断推广和深入，于此同时带动了传统的控制检测技术也得到了日益的更新。在实时环境检测和自动化控制的单片机应用系统的领域中，单片机在系统中常常以核心部件出现，单方面掌握单片机方面知识是远远不能满足开发需求的，必须要按照具体要求硬件结构软硬件有机结合，加以完善。

无线环境监测模拟装置的系统，无线环境监测模拟装置具有对温度和光亮的检测功能，并且可以通过无线网络传输数据。不仅能很好的检测环境变化，而且无线传输方便实用。本设计采用STC12C5A单片机来实现无线环境监测功能的控制，同时采用LCD1602、DS18B20，NRF24L01、光敏电阻以及其它芯片来铺助，从而达到智能控制的功能。通过STC12C5A芯片的各个端口来控制各个模块的正常工作。本设计有接受和发送两个模块，各模块都能独立工作，通过无线通信技术进行数据传输。可实现对发送模块地区的温度与光亮检测，并可在接收模块显示出来。

本系统实用性强、操作简单、扩展性好。

关键词：单片机；温度；环境；无线；光亮

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, popularization and application of microcontroller being constant promotion and in-depth, in which the traditional control while driving detection technology has been increasingly updates. In real-time environmental monitoring and automated control systems in the field of microcontroller applications, the microcontroller in the system core components often occur unilaterally master microcontroller knowledge is far from being able to meet development needs, must be in accordance with the specific requirements of the hardware structure of hardware and software organic combined to be improved.

Analog Devices wireless environmental monitoring systems, wireless environmental monitoring analog device has a temperature and light detection function, and can transmit data over the wireless network. Not only can well detect environmental changes, and wireless transmission convenient and practical. The design uses a single chip to achieve STC12C5A wireless environmental monitoring function control, while using LCD1602, DS18B20, NRF24L01, photoresistor, and other chip shop help to achieve intelligent control functions. STC12C5A chip through the ports to control the normal operation of each module. Designed to receive and send the two modules, each module can work independently, via wireless communication technology for data transfer. The transmission module can realize the temperature and light detecting region, and is displayed in the receiving module.

The system is practical, simple, and good scalability.

Keywords: microcontroller; temperature; environment; wireless; bright

目录

1 绪论............................................................... - 1 -

2 课题的设计要求和设计方案........................................... - 2 -

2.1 设计要求...................................................... - 2 -

2.1.1 题目概述................................................. - 2 -

2.1.2 设计任务................................................. - 2 -

2.1.3 设计要求................................................. - 2 -

2.2 设计方案...................................................... - 2 -

2.2.1 供电方案................................................. - 2 -

2.2.2 无线通信方案............................................. - 3 -

2.2.3 显示方案................................................. - 4 -

2.2.4 温度检测方案............................................. - 4 -

2.2.5 光线检测方案............................................. - 5 -

3 芯片的介绍及应用................................................... - 6 -

3.1 STC12C5A60S2系列单片机简介.................................... - 6 -

3.1.1 STC12C5A60S2系列单片机的引脚及功能...................... - 6 -

3.1.2 单片机最小系统的设置.................................... - 10 -

3.2 LCD1602芯片介绍及应用........................................ - 10 -

3.2.1 液晶显示器的介绍........................................ - 10 -

3.2.2 LCD1602的显示原理...................................... - 10 -

3.2.3 LCD1602的基本参数及引脚功能............................ - 11 -

3.2.4 LCD1602的特性.......................................... - 11 -

3.2.5 LCD1602的使用方法...................................... - 12 -

3.2.5 LCD1602的控制指令...................................... - 13 -

3.3 DS18B20芯片介绍及应用........................................ - 13 -

3.3.1 DS18B20引脚功能........................................ - 13 -

3.3.2 DS18B20读写说明........................................ - 14 -

3.4 NRF24L01芯片介绍及应用....................................... - 15 -

3.4.1 NRF24L01芯片的介绍..................................... - 15 -

3.4.2 NRF24L01芯片的引脚功能................................. - 15 -

3.4.3 NRF24L01的固件编程的基本思路........................... - 15 -

4 程序的设计流程.................................................... - 17 -

4.1 DS18B20模块流程图............................................ - 17 -

4.2 无线通讯接收模块流程图....................................... - 17 -

4.3 无线通讯发送模块流程图....................................... - 18 -