西南大学《中学英语教学理论与实践》网上作业及参考答案

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[0860]中学英语教材分析与设计20年6月西南机考参考答案

[0860]中学英语教材分析与设计20年6月西南机考参考答案

西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
类别:网教2020年5月
课程名称【编号】:中学英语教材分析与设计【0860】
A卷大作业满分:100 分
要答案:wangjiaofudao
请从以下六个题目中选择四个进行作答,题目分为必答题和选答题,必答题每位考生必须作答,总共两题,选答题可以灵活选择,从四个中选择两个。

每位考生必须做两道必答题和两道选答题。

每道题25分,总分100分。

一、简述目标需求分析框架和学习需求分析框架。

(必答题,25分)
二、为什么要对教材进行取舍和调整?为了不让教材成为“圣经”,教师应该如何正确认识教材?(选答题,25分)
三、列举《课标》写作教学基本技能要求。

(选答题,25分)
四、简述教材对教师、对学生以及教学过程所起的积极作用。

(选答题,25分)
五、根据所提供的材料和要求完成活动设计。

(必答题,25分)
根据所提供的材料,设计两个不同类型的听力活动,训练学生对听力材料大意、特殊信息或者细节的获取。

要求指令清晰,设题合理。

设计一个说的活动,请给出清晰的指令。

六、活动设计(选答题25分)
1. 根据所提供的材料,设计两个不同类型的阅读活动,训练学生对阅读材料大意和特殊信息获取。

要求指令清晰,设题合理。

2. 设计一个说的活动,请给出清晰的指令。

西南大学《中学英语教学法》复习思考题及答案

西南大学《中学英语教学法》复习思考题及答案

西南高校《中学英语教学法》复习思索题及答案(0161)《中学英语教学法》复习思索题一、推断正误题(8分)The following statements are about the facts presented in the textbook, please indicate in the brackets before the statements whether they are true( T ) or ( F ). ( ) 1. Role play and improvisation are social interaction activities.( ) 2. Discovering missing information and discovering differences and following directions are all functional communicative activities.( ) 3. Stress in pronunciation is sometimes as important as grammar.( ) 4. Students need to be able to write phonetic transcripts of words.( ) 5. Adult learners need to focus on pronunciation, but young learners don?t. ( ) 6. Students need to know phonetics in order to learn English.( ) 7. Students need to be given detailed grammar rules if they are to learn a foreign language successfully. ( ) 8. If the students get enough chance to practise using a foreign language, they do not need to learn grammar.( ) 9. Teaching and learning grammar should focus on practice rather than the study of grammar itself.( ) 10. Grammar should be taught an practised in context.( ) 11. The best way to explain vocabulary is to translate.( ) 12. Words must be learned in language contexts.( ) 13. Knowing a word means that you know the pronunciation and meaning of it. ( ) 14. Students? errors are a very useful way of showing what they have and have not lear nt. So instead of seeing errors negatively, as a sign of failure, we see them positively as an indication of what we still need toteach.( ) 15. Testing implies evaluation based on a collection of information about what students know and can do.( ) 16. Classroom climate is strongly affected by the teachers? attitude and behaviour.( ) 17. In the Communicative Approach, a teacher is described as an “instructor”and students as “listeners” in class.( ) 18. The students? native language has no particular role in the Communicative Approach. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to thestudents or in assigning homework.( ) 19. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need to use themselves. We call this passive vocabulary.( ) 20. Students? errors are a sign of failure, so we must correct every mistake they make.( ) 21. Culture is received greater attention in the Communicative Approach. ( ) 22. Spoken language is generally produced in informal, simple or common vocabulary.() 23. All new words in a lesson are equally important.( ) 24.Classroom climate is strongly affected by both the teachers? attitude and the students? behavior.( ) 25. V ocabulary can be divided into productive and receptive.( ) 26. Communicative competence refers to knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of the language.( ) 27. Post-reading work usually contributes to the development of all the language skills and may involve using other skills than just reading.( ) 28. Written language is generally produced in fairly simple sentence structures.( ) 29. In the Communicative Approach, both teachers and students have multiple roles.( ) 30. Spoken language is sometimes produced in incomplete sentences.( )31. The skill practised in the pre-reading stage is anticipation.( ) 32. Communicative activities can be divided into functional communicative activities and social interaction activities.( ) 33. One way to teach reading is following the framework: presentation, practice and production. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies.( ) 34. Students are given the structure in context and are asked to work out the rule for themselves. They are given guidance from the teacher in using evidence from the context to work out the usage of the structure. This is called the inductive method.( ) 35. Reading is an active process, during which the reader tries to understand the meaning of a given text. ( )36. If the aim of activity is to check that students can use the verbs correctly, you have to correct any major errors, especially those involving the verbs you have taught, or the activity will lose its point. ( ) 37. The skill practised in the pre-reading stage is inference.( ) 38. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need to use themselves. We call this active vocabulary.( ) 39. The typical example of functional communication activities is role play. ( ) 40. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework. ( ) 41. Y ou glance quickly through a text in order to find a specific piece of information, this skill is called scanning.( ) 42. Types of mistakes are slips, errors and attempts.( ) 43. The language you are learning is called target language.( ) 44. There is an important difference between assessment and testing.( ) 45. In many cases the term “materials” is used in place of “textbooks”, which refers to anything that is used by teachers or students to facilitate the learning of a language.( ) 46. It?s unnecessary for teachers to know how to evaluate, select and adapt textbooks.( ) 47. It is clearly whether someone can become a good language teacher solely depends on his/her command of the language.( ) 48. Foreign Language Teaching Methodology is a science which studies the processes and patterns of foreign language teaching, aiming at revealing the nature and laws of foreign language teaching.( ) 49. According to the Grammar Translation Methods, the spoken form of language is the most important aspect of language.( ) 50. Interactional view sees language as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.( ) 51. Functional view considers language as a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.( ) 52. Students are given the opportunities to use the newly presented language items in a controlled framework.This may be done by drills, or by repeating parts of the dialogue presented in the first stage. This stage isintended to develop accuracy skills. This describes the presentation stage. ( ) 53. When reading a text, I start by predicting the probable meaning, then I get to read and understand the words and phrases in the text to check whether that is really what the writer means. Sometimes I go theother way round. That?s to say, I combine the above 2 ways in my reading. This is the interactive model. ( ) 54. Learners have the opportunity to integrate the new language items with the old through activities that give free and extensive expression aimed at developing fluency skills. This refers to the production stage. ( ) 55. I usually start reading a text by recognising words, word connections, and phrase patterns as well as sentence patterns, then I can rapidly and automatically get meaning from the text. This is the top-downmodel.( ) 56. When reading a text, I first identify the topic, purpose and structure of the text, then I make guesses, predictions during reading. In this way, I create meaning from the text as a whole. This is the bottom-upmodel.( ) 57. Structural view sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems. To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language.( ) 58. 语言技能包括听、说、读、写四个方面的技能以及四种技能的综合运用力量。

西南大学17秋0860《中学英语教材分析与设计》在线作业(参考资料)

西南大学17秋0860《中学英语教材分析与设计》在线作业(参考资料)

08601、目前,在英语教材的编写上,人们往往考虑以某种教学思想和教学法为唯一的指导思想,不太考虑学生的需要和不同学生的特点,多以任务型教学大纲为指导进行英语教材的编写。

A.√B.×参考答案:B.×;2、《英语课程课标》中列举的写作的测试方式主要有短文写作、实用性写作、图文信息转换、接续完成文段和写电子邮件等。

A.√B.×参考答案:A.√;3、“正确使用标点符号和字母大小写”是《英语课程课标》写作教学基本技能要求之一。

A.√B.×参考答案:A.√;4、外语教育研究者和实践者根据一定的语言理论和语言学习理论所研制的某种语言教学模式,这被称为语言教学大纲。

通常包括课程的目的、内容和要求,但对教学方法和教学模式不做指令性规定。

A.√B.×5、由一些有经验的教师凭借他们的直觉和教材使用的情况及教学经验对教材进行主观的、随意的、印象性的评价被称为随意的印象性评价。

A.√B.×6、现代语言课程和教材的需求分析应该全面分析与课程和教材有关系的各个方面的需求,即学习者、教师和管理者的需求。

A.√B.×7、任务型教学大纲强调过程,根据内容(与各个学科知识相关的内容)安排教学,要求学习者具备一定的文化水平和知识水平。

把学习者的其他学科知识领域引入外语或第二语言教学,或者通过外语或第二语言来学习其他学科的知识。

A.√B.×8、教材编写职业化这一新的发展趋势对教材的编写有利也有弊,因为这虽能使教材的编写水平和编写质量得到充分保证,但职业教材编写者编写的教材可能与实际教学的需要不吻合,而普通教师在实际教学中的经验和教训不能体现在教材编写中。

A.√B.×9、教材编写职业化这一新的发展趋势对教材的编写有利无弊,因为这能使教材的编写水平和编写质量得到充分保证。

A.√B.×10、目前英语教材编写最重要的发展趋势是以任务型语言教学为唯一的指导思想,不会更多考虑学生的需要和不同学生的特点。

西南大学《小学英语教学论》网上作业及参考答案

西南大学《小学英语教学论》网上作业及参考答案

1:[论述题]参考答案:1)对教材进行适当的补充和删减2)替换教学内容和活动3)扩展教学内容和活动步骤4)调整教学顺序5)调整教学方法6)总结教材使用2:[论述题]参考答案:3:[论述题]参考答案:4:[单选题]A:教材的使用是否达到了预先制订的教学目标。

B:教材的使用为自己带来了明显的经济效益。

C:教材的使用是否有利于提高教学效果。

D:教材在使用过程中存在哪些明显的优缺点。

参考答案:B5:[单选题]A:教师应该严格尊重教材内容,按照教材内容和结构安排有步骤地进行教学B:教师要善于结合实际教学需要,灵活地和有创造性地使用教材,对教材的内容、编排顺序、教学方法等方面进行适当的取舍或调整C:教师要根据自己的需求,删减少对学生考试没有太大关联的章节和内容,尽量让自己的教学任务更加有效地完成D:教师应该大量地给学生提供课外阅读资料和练习,让学生能够超越教材内容,获得更多的课外知识参考答案:B6:[单选题]A:尽量多地追求课程资源的多样性,不断丰富课程资源的形式。

B:要充分利用已经具备的课程资源,没有必要对课程资源进行更新和补充。

C:英语课程资源应该具有很强的针对性,针对某一层次对象即可。

D:课程资源的开发和利用要考虑当地经济发展水平以及学生和家长的经济承受能力。

参考答案:D7:[单选题]A:发展性和拓展性、科学性、思想性、趣味性、灵活性和开放性。

B:科学性和思想性、趣味性、政治性、时代性、交际性和实用性。

C:美观性和观赏性、趣味性、灵活性、创造性、时代性和发展性。

D:直观性和趣味性、多样性、体统性、时代性和政治性。

参考答案:A8:[单选题]A:能基本正确地使用大小写字母和标点符号。

B:能正确书写字母和单词。

C:能模仿范例写句子。

D:能模仿范例写句子。

参考答案:B9:[单选题]A:焦虑B:抑制C:动机D:移情参考答案:D10:[单选题]A:对比分析理论B:语素习得研究C:普遍语法理论D:语言学习理论参考答案:C11:[单选题]1. 小学儿童思维发展的"关键年龄”是:______。

西南大学网教2018春0161中学英语教学法大作业答案

西南大学网教2018春0161中学英语教学法大作业答案

西南大学网教2018春0161中学英语教学法大作业答案第一篇:西南大学网教2018春0161中学英语教学法大作业答案0161中学英语教学法(五选二)4.When an excellent teacher explains texts in reading class, he should pay attention to the cultivation of students' inference and association ability at ten points.We should be good at encouraging, enlightening and guiding students to broaden their thinking in the reading process, using their brains from different levels in different places, trying to realize “ relevance” from “ irrelevant”, reading out “ meaning” from “ meaningless”, instead of telling students the correct understanding directly.The ability to infer association is actually the ability to extract relevant information from the brain.An experienced reader often has a strong sense of self which constantly extends speculation and association.With this awareness, he can extract known information that others can't extract and read articles that others can't understand.Cultivating this kind of consciousness training ability is the fundamental task of reading teaching.munication principlea learning-based way to accomplish tasks through language communication Principle of meaning-teaching content can produce meaning to learners, which can enhance the learning municative teaching method is not a single and fixed teaching mode, and its core contents are “ learning by language” and “ learning by language”, not just “ learning by language”, but also “ learning knowledge about language”.The ultim ate purpose of its teaching is to enable students to acquire sufficient communicative competence.In classroom learning, students arein some kind of “ communication”, “ communication” scenario in most cases, and acquire foreign language knowledge and communicative competence through listening, speaking, reading, writing and other specific behaviors.第二篇:西南大学网教2018春0111实验心理学大作业答案(精选)0111实验心理学一、实验分析题1、答:(1)这项实验的研究假设是:“某种教学方法对学生学习成绩的影响”。

中学英语教学理论与实践答案

中学英语教学理论与实践答案

中学英语教学理论与实践答案一、名词解释11.学习策略, 是指在学习情景中, 学生对学习任务的认识, 对学习方法的调整和对学习过程的调控。

2. 文化意识是指对"语言国家的历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活习惯、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、价值观念等”的认识。

3. 语法翻译法( The Grammar-translation Method)这是一种以语法、词汇为主, 经过阅读材料进行译入、译出练习, 并借以培养学生阅读文学作品能力的教学方法。

4.形成性评价指在教学过程中为了获得有关学习的反馈信息, 对学生所学知识的掌握程度所进行的系统评价, 是针对学生的学习行为与能力发展所进行的过程性评价, 是教学过程的有机组成部分。

5. 所谓非智力因素是指智力因素以外的一切心理因素, 包括学习需求、学习动机、学习态度、学习兴趣及学习者的性格、意志、年龄、学习方式和学习习惯等。

6. 外语学习的需求因素包括学习的外部诱因和内部需求。

前者指由外部动力推动或受外部情境支配而产生的需求, 如社会发展和环境变化所引起的需求; 后者指由学习者内部动力促发, 受心理支配而产生的需求, 如对知识、情感和成就的需求等。

7. 外语学习动机是激发学生朝着外语学习目标前进的心理动因和心理倾向。

外语学习动机能够分为"远景动机"和"近景动机"。

前者是指与学习结果和社会责任相联系的动机, 与宏观诱因相关。

例如, 为祖国富强、为提高个人文化素质和道德水平、立志将来有所作为等而学习外语; 后者是指于学习活动和具体行为目标相联系的动机, 与内部需求紧密相连。

8. 成长记录袋(Portfolio)亦称成长档案袋和学习文件夹, 是记录学生学习过程与成果的一种工具。

成长记录袋是一个有用的评价工具, 能够用于总结性评价, 更能够用于形成性评价, 有时也能够用于选拔。

根据档案袋中记录内容的不同, 记录袋能够分为两种, 一种是成果型记录袋, 另一种是过程型记录袋。

2020年11月西南大学[0858]《中学英语教学理论与实践》

2020年11月西南大学[0858]《中学英语教学理论与实践》

单项选择题1、教学过程设计应体现以学生为主体、以教师为主导、以教材为主要学习对象、以为主要途径的新时期初中英语教学的特点。

1.听说法2.语法翻译法3.任务型教学4.功能意念法2、交际法的语言理论基础是。

1. E. 语言学2.社会学3.社会语言学4.人类学3、任务型教学法的理论基础是__ 。

1.行为主义理论2.建构主义理论3.语言学习论4.认知理论4、英语教学应遵循的“交际原则”的涵义是______。

1.活动要求用语言去完成或执行有意义的任务2.对学习者具有意义的语言能够支持学习过程3.包含真实交际的活动能够促进学习4.任务应能激励学习者使用语言5、突出学生主体的含义是__ 。

1. A. 在教学中,教师应帮助学生提高学习成绩2.在教学中,教师要用以学生为中心的教学思想指导其教学行为3.在教学中,帮助学生改进学习策略是教师的主要任务4.在教学中,教师应与学生产生互动6、建构主义的思想精髓包括下列除了之外的其余各项。

1.“学习在于内部认知的变化”2.“以学生为中心”3.“注重学生的主体作用”4.“知识是由学习者个人自己建构的”7、在下列用于英语写作训练课的活动中,___属于写作前的准备活动。

1. B. 使用恰当的连接手段2.选择恰当的句子3.讨论主题4.选择恰当的词汇8、在听力课的“听中”阶段的主要训练目标之一是。

1.推断说话者的态度或意图2.对要听内容的预测3.熟悉话题4.练习生词的发音并学习发音技巧9、合理使用好现行初中英语教材的原则之一是。

1. F. 把规定的教材作为唯一的依据2.选取一本以上的教材作为选定教材的补充3.贯彻“一纲一本”的原则4.把规定的教材作为一种辅助材料10、《英语课程标准》强调语言实践性在学习方式上的体现是注重___。

1.学生的体验学习和贯彻“做中学”原则2.学生的智力开发3.机械性的模仿和操练4.语言知识的接受和积累11、英语课堂学生座位的安排应优先考虑__ _。

1.便于师生、学生间的交流2.便于学生看见教师3.课堂的整洁4.课堂的秩序12、《英语课程标准》规定,从___起开设英语课程。

西南大学《外语教育技术》网上作业及参考答案

西南大学《外语教育技术》网上作业及参考答案

=================================================================================================== 1:[单选题]根据AECT'94定义,以下不属于教育技术研究领域的是A:设计B:开发C:测试D:评价参考答案:C2:[单选题]不属于教育技术理论基础的是A:学习理论B:传播理论C:教学理论D:信息理论参考答案:D3:[单选题]符合建构主义学习理论观点的是A:学习是刺激与反应的联结B:信息加工是最典型的学习模式C:学习是活动的过程、建构的过程D:学习的根本目的是自我实现参考答案:C4:[单选题]以下不属于建构主义学习理论基本观点的是A:知识来自于人们与环境的交互作用B:强化是学习成功的关键=================================================================================================== C:学习必须处于真实的情境中D:学习是一种活动的过程参考答案:B5:[判断题]利用计算机网络进行写作教学,会妨碍学生的写作能力。

参考答案:错误6:[判断题]用软件取代教师比用个别辅导软件作补充教学效果更好。

参考答案:错误7:[单选题]属于教育技术学习理论基础的是A:多元智能理论B:结构发现理论C:人本主义理论D:教学最优化理论参考答案:C8:[单选题]提倡"有意义的学习,主张以学生为中心,教师只是一个"方便学习的人”,学校为学生而设,教师为学生而教”的人是A:马斯洛B:罗杰斯C:维果斯基D:乔纳森参考答案:B9:[单选题]当前的国家课程标准中,将教学目标分为的三个方面是A:认知、情感和动作技能B:认知、情感和学习策略=================================================================================================== C:知识和技能;过程和方法;情感、态度和价值观D:了解、理解和应用参考答案:C10:[论述题]1、简述"教育信息化”和"信息化教育”的涵义,并分析两者的关系。

西南大学《专业英语》网上作业及参考答案

西南大学《专业英语》网上作业及参考答案

===================================================================================================参考答案:1、数字(激光)视盘,DVD2. (文)字处理程序3. 存储(器)芯片,内存芯片===================================================================================================4. 密码电报5. 蜂窝电话,移动电话,手机6. 集成电路7. 电子邮件网规,电子邮件网络礼节8. 电子邮件常规9. 点击图标10. 密件,秘密文件11. 密级信息12. 签名文件13. 主存储器14. 虚拟存储器,虚拟内存15. 分时段的多任务处理16. 桌面操作系统17. 电子游戏机18. 电子数据表程序,电子制表程序19. 存储寄存器20. 函数语句21. 关系(型)语言22. 面向对象语言23. 汇编语言24. 中间语言,中级语言25. 人工智能1£º[ÂÛÊöÌâ]Ç뽫ÏÂÁÐÓ¢ÎÄÒëΪÖÐÎÄ£º1£®A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software. The electric,electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred to as hardware. In additionto the computer itself, the term "hardware¡±refers to components called peripheral devices thatexpand the computer's input, output, and storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itselfdoes not provide a particularly useful mind tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set ofinstructions, called software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform aparticular task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in anetwork so users can share information.2. Many schools and businesses have established e-mail privacy policies, which explain the=================================================================================================== condition under which you can and cannot expect your e-mail to remain private. These policies aresometimes displayed when the computer boots or a new user logs in. Court decisions, however,seem to support the notion that because an organization owns and operates an e-mail system, thee-mail message on that system are also the property of the organization. The individual who authorsan e-mail message does not own all rights related to it. The company or school that supplies youre-mail account can, therefore, legally monitor your messages. You should use your e-mail accountwith the expectation that some of your mail will be read from time to time. Think of your e-mail asa postcard, rather than a letter, and save your controversial comments for face-to-faceconversations.3£®Multitasking, in computer science, is a mode of operation offered by an operating system inwhich a computer works on more than one task at a time. There are several types of multitasking.Context switching is a very simple type of multitasking in which two or more applications areloaded at the same time but only the foreground application is given processing time; to activate abackground task, the user must bring the window or screen containing that application to the front.In cooperative multitasking, background tasks are given processing time during idle times in theforeground task (such as when the application waits for a keystroke), and only if the applicationallows it. In time-slice multitasking, each task is given the microprocessor's attention for a fractionof a second. To maintain order, tasks are either assigned priority levels or processed in sequentialorder. Because the user's sense of time is much slower than the processing speed of the computer,time-slice multitasking operations seem to be simultaneous.4. One especially powerful feature of OOP (objected-oriented programming) languages is aproperty which is known as inheritance. Inheritance allows an object to take on the characteristicsand functions of other objects to which it is functionally connected. Programmers connect objectsby grouping them together in different classes and by grouping the classes into hierarchies. Theseclasses and hierarchies allow programmers to define the characteristics and functions of objectswithout needing to repeat source code, the coded instructions in a program. Thus, using OOPlanguages can greatly reduce the time it takes for a programmer to write an application, and alsoreduce the size of the program. OOP languages are flexible and adaptable, so programs or parts ofprograms can be used for more than one task. Programs written with OOP languages are generallyshorter in length and contain fewer bugs, or mistakes, than those written with non-OOP languages.5. In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or toproduce incorrect results. Minor bugs-for example, a cursor that does not behave as expected-canbe inconvenient or frustrating, but not damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause aprogram to "hang¡± (stop responding to commands) and might leave the user with no alternativebut to restart the program, losing any previous work that has not been saved. In either case, theprogrammer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging. Because of thepotential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and debugged ascompletely as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the program becomes available arecorrected in the nest update; more severe bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called=================================================================================================== patches, that circumvents the problem or otherwise reduces its effects.²Î¿¼´ð°¸£º´ð°¸¼û½Ì²Äÿ¿ÎºïµÄ²ÒëÁ²Ï°´ð°¸¡£1:[论述题]请选择下列一个题目写一篇不低于150个词的英文短文.1. The advantages of computer2. How to work with computer?3. How computers change our life?4. My view on chat on the Internet5. My view on computer security参考答案:要求文章用词简单,拼写正确,语法无大的错误,不偏题。

西南大学《英语》网上作业及参考答案

西南大学《英语》网上作业及参考答案

===================================================================================================1:[单选题]"In a Station of the Metro" is regarded by critics as a classic specimen of _______.A:the absurd poetryB:the transcendental poetryC:the romantic poetryD:the imagist poetry参考答案:D2:[填空题]_____ coined terms like libido, id, ego, superego to reveal the true selves of humanbeings.参考答案:Sigmund Freud, or Freud1:[单选题]After his experiences in the forest, Young Goodman Brown returns to Salem ______.A:desperate and gloomyB:renewed in his faithC:wearing a black veilD:unaware of his own sin参考答案:A2:[填空题]In _________'s eighteenth sonnet, he compares a friend to a summer day, and declares his friendthe better.参考答案:William Shakespeare, or Shakespeare1:[单选题]“When the evening is spread out against the sky/ Like a patient etherized upon a table.”(T. s. Eliot, “The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”) What does the image in the quoted linessuggest?A:Violence=================================================================================================== B:HorrorC:InactivityD:Indifference参考答案:C2:[填空题]The final book of ______ begins with Socrates return to an earlier theme, that ofimitative poetry.参考答案:The Republic1:[单选题]William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following except _____.A:normal contemporary speech patternsB:humble and rustic life as subject matterC:elegant wording and inflated figures of speechD:intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience参考答案:C2:[填空题]In ______, Aristotle analyses in great proportion issues like tragic catharsis, tragic pity,and tragic fear.参考答案:Poetics1:[单选题]"If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?'' The quoted line comes from ______.A:Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind’’B:Walt Whitman’s Leaves of GrassC:John Milton’s Paradise LostD:John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”参考答案:A2:[填空题]In ______, William Wordsworth defined poetry as "the spontaneous overflow ofpowerful feelings.”参考答案:Preface to Lyrical Ballads, or Lyrical Ballads1:[单选题]We can perhaps describe Emily Grierson in Faulkner's short story "A Rose for Emi ly”in all the following ways except that _______.A:she is psychologically deformed=================================================================================================== B:she is wicked and morally corruptedC:she is a symbol of the Old SouthD:she is a prisoner and victim of the past参考答案:B2:[填空题]According to Aristotle, ______ is an imitation not only of a complete action, but ofevents inspiring fear or pity.参考答案:Tragedy。

西南大学中学英语教材分析与设计作业答案 (1)

西南大学中学英语教材分析与设计作业答案 (1)

西南大学中学英语教材分析与设计作业答案第一次作业答案1.只有学校发给学生课堂教学使用的教科书称为教材。

错2.教材是指课堂上和课堂外教师和学生使用的所有教学材料,如卡片、复印材料、照片等。

对3.教师自己编写或设计的材料不能称为教材。

错4.计算机网络上使用的学习材料不能称作教材。

错5.凡是有利于学习者增长知识或发展技能的材料都可称之为教材。

对6.《全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准》(实验稿)是"课程教学大纲”。

对7.《普通高中英语课程标准》(实验稿)是"语言教学大纲”。

错8.英语教学大纲通常指国家或地方教育行政部门为指导英语教学而制定的纲领性文件,它又被称为"课程教学大纲”。

对9.语言外语教育研究者和实践者根据一定的语言理论和语言学习理论所研制的某种语言教学模式,通常包括教学内容的选择、安排和实施要求,这被称为"语言教学大纲”。

对10.情景大纲和功能-意念大纲属于综合型大纲。

错11..语法大纲属于综合型大纲。

对12.在实际教学中,既不否认教材的积极作用,也不盲目崇拜教材,而是根据学生和实际教学情况的需要创造性地使用教材。

对13..内容型大纲、程序型大纲和任务型大纲都属于过程性大纲。

对14.任务型大纲、内容型大纲、和程序型大纲都属于结果性大纲。

错15..内容型教学大纲是一种强调过程的语言教学大纲,学习者在学习过程中有很多任务型的学习活动,如讨论等。

对16、程序型大纲根据与各个学科知识相关的内容安排教学,把学习者的其他学科知识领域引入外语或第二语教学,或者通过外语或第二语言来学习其他学科的知识。

它要求学习者具备一定的文化水平和知识水平。

错17、人教版初中英语教材Go for it!体现的是任务型教学大纲。

对18、人教社普通高中课程标准实验教科书吸取了现代语言教学理论和实践成果,同时又结合我国国情,采取功能、结构、话题及"任务型”活动途径相结合的教学方法。

西南大学网教2018春0161中学英语教学法大作业答案

西南大学网教2018春0161中学英语教学法大作业答案

0161中学英语教学法(五选二)4. When an excellent teacher explains texts in reading class, he should pay attention to the cultivation of students' inference and association ability at ten points. We should be good at encouraging, enlightening and guiding students to broaden their thinking in the reading process, using their brains from different levels in different places, trying to realize " relevance" from " irrelevant", reading out " meaning" from " meaningless", instead of telling students the correct understanding directly. The ability to infer association is actually the ability to extract relevant information from the brain. An experienced reader often has a strong sense of self which constantly extends speculation and association. With this awareness, he can extract known information that others can't extract and read articles that others can't understand. Cultivating this kind of consciousness training ability is the fundamental task of reading teaching.munication principle - the actual communication situation will enhance the learning effect. Task principle - a learning-based way to accomplish tasks through language communication Principle of meaning - teaching content can produce meaning to learners, which can enhance the learning effect. Communicative teaching method is not a single and fixed teaching mode, and its core contents are " learning by language" and " learning by language", not just " learning by language", but also " learning knowledge about language". The ultimate purpose of its teaching is to enable students to acquire sufficient communicative competence. In classroom learning, students are in some kind of " communication", " communication" scenario in most cases, and acquire foreign language knowledge and communicative competence through listening, speaking, reading, writing and other specific behaviors.。

西南大学英语网上作业题及参考答案

西南大学英语网上作业题及参考答案

西南大学英语网上作业题及参考答案1、My brother and sister are ___________ doctors.A:all B:both C:each D:any 批阅:选择答案:B2、The girl told us his story and also ________ of the girl upstairs.A:his B:it C:one D:that 批阅:选择答案:D3、It is going to rain soon, as there are dark clouds _________ our heads.A:on B:beyond C:far from D:over 批阅:选择答案:D4、He is leaving Washington ___________ Paris tomorrow.A:for B:to C:from D:across 批阅:选择答案:A5、It is not always so easy to tell the white _________ the black.A:between B:instead of C:from D:against 批阅:选择答案:C6、Girls are usually a little weaker than boys __________ mathematics.A:at B:in C:with D:as to 选择答案:B7、It was clever ______ you to make such a decisive decision at the moment.A:about B:of C:on D:with 批阅:选择答案:B8、The singer and ________ has arrived already.A:dancer B:a dancer C:the dancer D:dancers 批阅:选择答案:A9、Chris took great _____ in teasing his sister.A:pleasant B:joy C:delight D:gladness 批阅:选择答案:C10、The president, as was customary, _____ the opening address.A:talked B:delivered C:gave D:offered 批阅:选择答案:B11、He saw the whole accident _________ his way home.A:in B:by C:on D:to 批阅:选择答案:C12、Reading comprehension 1Reading comprehension 1(1)A friend of the writer's drew the horses ____. A:very well B:in the way of western rule C:in the way of his own rule D:all of the above 批阅:选择答案:C13、Reading comprehension 1Reading comprehension 1(2) The writer was surprised because ____. A:the artist began to draw at the head of the horse B:the artist began to draw at the tail of the horse C:the artist made his own rule D:the artist did not follow other people’s rule 批阅:选择答案:D 14、Reading comprehension 1Reading comprehension 1(3) You are not yet experienced because ____. A:you don’t know where to begin B:you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail C:you always asked question D:you do not trust to your own powers 批阅:选择答案:D15、Reading comprehension 1Reading comprehension 1(4) When you become more experienced you will ____.A:never ask question B:often begin at the tail C:should write the end of the storyD:should think of the beginning 批阅:选择答案:C16、Reading comprehension 1 Reading comprehension 1(5) The topic of the passage is ______.A:How to draw a horse B:How to write a story C:How to make your own rulesD:Trust to your own powers 批阅:选择答案:D17、English is one of ______ important subjects in our school.A:most B:the most C:more D:much more 批阅:选择答案:B18、The soup tastes ______.A:good B:well C:to be good D:to be well 批阅:选择答案:A19、How many ______ are there in your class?A:Japanese B:American C:Australian D:Canadian 批阅:选择答案:A20、Although it rained heavily this morning, ______ of my classmates were late for school.A:neither B:none C:all D:no one 批阅:选择答案:B21、Help ______ to some fish!A:you B:your C:yourself D:yours 批阅:选择答案:C22、In modern _______ areas, sociocultural change is happening at an accerated rate.A:industrial B:industrious C:industry D:industrialization 批阅:选择答案:A23、Mary wanted to go to Europe by herself, but her parents ________ on her idea.A:frowned B:disagreed C:unapproved D:nodded 批阅:选择答案::A24、Women have yet to ____ full equality with men in the workplace.A:obtain B:acquire C:achieve D:request 批阅:选择答案:C25、Women are suggested to _____ smoking when pregnant.A:give in B:give away C:give off D:give up 批阅:选择答案:D26、You are not ______ anyone in any aspect.A:inferior to B:inferior than C:more inferior D:less inferior than 批阅:选择答案:A 27、The professor asked us to write a _____________ report.A:two-hundreds-words B:two-hundreds-word C:two-hundred-words D:two-hundred-word 批阅:选择答案:D28、He is in a difficult situation as all the public opinions are ________ him.A:with B:for C:toward D:against 批阅:选择答案:D29、The little girl ______ red is very lovely.A:with B:on C:in D:of 批阅:选择答案:C30、It has been raining ______ last Saturday.A:on B:for C:till D:since 批阅:选择答案:D31、It is said that the gas company will raise the gas fare _______ 4%.A:by B:for C:from D:to 批阅:A32、There isn't enough room for us, _______ six dogs and one cat.A:not to say B:not to mention C:let it go D:let alone 批阅:选择答案:D33、I didn't ______ to hurt you.A:mean B:plan C:arrange D:intentionally 批阅:选择答案:A34、His monthly expense _________ 350 dollars.A:totals to B:amounts as C:adds up to D:accounts as 批阅:选择答案:C35、People in a foreign country, sometimes, will lose their _________, not knowing who they are. A:wonder B:drought C:mineral D:identity 批阅:选择答案:D36、You'd better not _______ this in front of the fact.A:ignore B:deny C:heed D:say no 批阅:选择答案:B37、I don't have any English books ______ this one.A:for B:without C:except D:from 批阅:选择答案:C38、_______ as he is, jack could have made such a mistake.A:A fool B:Fool C:The fool D:Fools 批阅:选择答案:B39、Reading comprehension 2Reading comprehension 2If a country wants to take part in the World Cup, she must have______.A:Many football fans B:a very good team C:many football player D:a big playground 批阅:选择答案:B40、Reading comprehension 2 Reading comprehension 2The next World Cup will be held in_______.A:2006 B:2007 C:2005 D:2004 批阅:选择答案:A41、Reading comprehension 2 Reading comprehension 2From the passage, in the picture children drew many things except_________.A:people playing football B:pictures of some football stars C:a sunny sky D:flowers批阅:选择答案:B42、Reading comprehension 2Reading comprehension2In "Dream World Cup”, the children drew the flags of some countries______.A:to show their love for their owe country B:to tell the people their storiesC:to show their good wishes for the football teams D:to show their new ideas about football批阅:选择答案:C43、Reading comprehension 2Reading comprehension 2Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.A:they are interested in football B:they are football fans C:they think their favourite players are great D:all of A, B and C 批阅:选择答案:D44、He is cleverer than ______. He can do it better than ______.A:me; me B:I; me C:me; I D:I; mine 批阅:选择答案:C45、He has worked for ____ hour.A:a B:an C:the D:/ 批阅:选择答案:B46、We should take care of ____ old and ___ sick.A:the; / B:/; the C:the; the D:/; / 批阅:选择答案:C47、She is going to meet him ______ the school gate.A:at B:in C:on D:under 批阅:选择答案:A48、The lady ______ a blue dress is my aunt.A:with B:in C:on D:under 批阅:选择答案:B49、I went to _____ bed to pick up some papers on it.A:the B:a C:/ D:an 批阅:选择答案:A50、The novelist and _____ is gong be invited too.A:the poet B:a poet C:poet D:poets 批阅:选择答案:C51、Here are a few apples. Would you like to have _____________?A:ones B:some ones C:one 批阅:选择答案:C52、Last Saturday ___________________ had a picnic in Beiquan Park.A:John, Mary and me B:John, Mary and I C:John, I and Mary D:I, John and Mary批阅:选择答案:A53、There are trees on __________ side of the street.A:any B:both C:either D:every 批阅:选择答案:C54、My teacher today is not quite __________.A:his own B:him C:himself D:of his own 批阅:选择答案:C55、He prefers white cup to _________.A:red B:red one C:the red D:the red one 批阅:选择答案:B56、He was criticized ________ his mistakes.A:on B:with C:of D:for 批阅:选择答案:D57、She went away ________ saying a word.A:by B:without C:out of D:as 批阅:选择答案:B58、We will try again ____________ the failure.A:in spite B:in spite of C:despite of D:spite 批阅:选择答案:B59、Have you found an answer ________ the question?A:of B:for C:on D:to 批阅:选择答案:D60、The young man was _________ middle height.A:with B:at C:of D:on 批阅:选择答案:C61、I hope you would come to my party _________ Saturday.A:the next B:the last C:next D:last 批阅:选择答案:C62、This room is three times _________ that one.A:the same large B:larger as C:as large as D:almost large as 批阅:选择答案:C 63、They are all _________ at the _______ news.A:exciting; excited B:excited; exciting C:exciting; exciting D:excited; excited批阅:选择答案:B64、Mr. Smith asked Nancy ________ it took him to fly to New York.A:how soon B:how often C:how long D:how far 批阅:选择答案:C65、The building which _____________ at present will be used for scienceA:is repairing B:has been repaired C:is being repaired D:is repaired批阅:选择答案:C66、I wish he would ______ his own business.A:care B:look C:take D:mind 批阅:选择答案:D67、The doctor came at once in _____ to my call.A:reply B:answer C:hearing D:listening 批阅:选择答案:B68、The home team ______ dearly for their defensive errors.A:cost B:took C:paid D:gave 批阅:选择答案:C69、You will get the message ______.A:not long after B:not long C:before long D:long before 批阅:选择答案:C70、Many good friends have a lot in _______.A:similarity B:difference C:common D:usual 批阅:选择答案:C71、Reading comprehension 3Reading comprehension 3Mr. Hill ______.A:has just come back from the airport B:is on his way to ParisC:spent three weeks in Paris before he went to France D:has been in France for three weeks批阅:选择答案:C72、Reading comprehension 3Reading comprehension 3According to the text, Mr. Hill ______.A:has a beard on his face but not in his photo B:grew a beard while he was on holidayC:has a beard in his photo but not on his face D:took his beard off long before he went on holiday 批阅:选择答案:A73、Reading comprehension 3 Reading comprehension 3The first officer is sure ______.A:Mr. Hill stole the painting B:he has seen the face in the photo beforeC:he knows the second officer’s face D:a man without a beard stole the painting批阅:选择答案:B74、Reading comprehension 3Comprehension 3The second officer says that ______.A:Mr. Hill stole the painting B:a man with a beard, from France, stole a painting in EnglishC:an Englishman took his beard off and stole a paintingD:a man with a beard, from England, stole a painting in Paris 批阅:选择答案:C75、Reading comprehension 3 Reading comprehension3Mr. Hill taught ______.A:Jack Smith French at the No. 2 High School B:Jack Smith to be a first officerC:at the No.2 High School, in France D:French some years ago and his name was Smith, not Hill 批阅:选择答案:D76、It isn't quite _______ that he will be present at the meeting.A:sure B:bright C:certain D:exact 批阅:选择答案:C77、After a long walk on a hot day, one often feels _________.A:exhaustive B:exhausting C:exhaust D:exhausted 批阅:选择答案:D78、England and America are ________ in many ways.A:like B:alike C:alive D:likewise 批阅:选择答案:B79、Please divide the work ______ the two of you.A:into B:among C:between D:of 批阅:选择答案:A80、There is an old temple ______ the foot of the mountain.A:at B:under C:below D:on 批阅:选择答案:A81、The exam will be held _____ the end of the term.A:in B:at C:during D:on 批阅:选择答案:B82、I would like to give you my best wishes ______ this happy occasion.A:in B:with C:on D:over 批阅:选择答案:C83、He will graduate from this university ______ two years.A:after B:in C:during D:for 批阅:选择答案:B84、It is said that the gas company will raise the gas fare _____ 4%.A:by B:for C:from D:to 批阅:选择答案:A85、I'll never forget _____ of 1983 when I entered the college.A:a summer B:summer C:the summer D:summers 批阅:选择答案:C86、There is a truck ______ the classroom.A:in the front of B:in front of C:in front D:at the front of 批阅:选择答案:B87、His honesty is ____________. He can be always trusted.A:out of question B:out of the question C:not the questionD:in the question 批阅:选择答案:A88、The dancer and ______ has arrived already.A:singer B:a singer C:the singer D:singers 批阅:选择答案:A89、One day a poor man ____ his horse to a tree, and sat down to eat his lunch.A:closed B:tyed C:tied D:lied 批阅:选择答案:C90、We ______ them not to go skating on such thin ice.A:reply B:remind C:warn D:recall 批阅:选择答案:C91、The natural beauty in Jiuzhaigou will ______ your breath away when you visit it for the first time. A:bring B:get C:take D:frighten 批阅:选择答案:C92、The Great Wall in China is one of the ______ in the world.A:amazings B:sceneries C:wonders D:strange things 批阅:选择答案:C93、Unwise decisions will lead to _________ results.A:unexpective B:disastrous C:desired D:unreasonable 批阅:选择答案:B94、We invited him to the party the next weekend, but he _____ the invitation.A:refused B:returned C:declined D:threw back 批阅:选择答案:C。

西南大学网上作业题及参考答案

西南大学网上作业题及参考答案

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【西大2017版】[0858]《中学英语教学理论与实践》网上作业题及答案

【西大2017版】[0858]《中学英语教学理论与实践》网上作业题及答案

(0858)《中学英语教学理论与实践》网上作业题及答案1:第一次作业2:第二次作业3:第三次作业4:第四次作业5:第五次作业6:第六次作业1£º[ÂÛÊöÌâ]Çëµù»ÝÈÎÎñÐͺÌѧµÄÀíÄΪÏÂÃæµÄÎÄÕÂÉâ¹ÆÒ»µöÊÊ·Ï©ËÄ깴ѧÉúµÄ°àÖØÔÄ´Á¹¹ÄܵļÎÌúÌѧ»î´¯¡£What do young people think about places in town? We did a survey of our readers and this is what we learned. All the movie theaters are good, but the Screen city is the best in our town. It has the biggest screens and the most comfortable seats. However, Town Cinema is the cheapest, and it has the friendliest service. The most popular clothing store is Jason's. It has the best quality clothing. It's also the cheapest. Funky Fashions is the worst. It has really bad service. As for radio stations, most people think that Jazz 107.9 FM is really great. It plays the most interesting music.²Î¿¼´ð°¸£º¼É©²ÈÎÎñÐͺÌѧ©û½¨³ÄÈý´Îʺ³Ä¼ò¹Ü(ÈÎÎñ×¹ªµ¡¢ÈÎÎñ¶ý±Ì·Í×ܺᶮ¶Ì)½²Éâ¹ÆÏàÓ¦³Ä¼ÎÌúÌѧ¸î´¯.1:[论述题]教学设计(20分)请根据任务型教学的理念,为下面的文章设计一个适合九年级学生的侧重阅读技能的课堂教学活动。

2019年6月西南大学网络教育大作业答案-0858中学英语教学理论与实践.doc

2019年6月西南大学网络教育大作业答案-0858中学英语教学理论与实践.doc
Once I was travelling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. The man on the space on my side of the table at all. I was angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about non-verbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped(瞪出)out of his head. I had invaded(侵犯)his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, nted to be helpful to me!
2.请结合你所学的英语教学理论说明你设计该教学目标和采纳该教学方法的原因以及开展该教学活动的目的。(30分)
2、要求:请用汉语完成教案的撰写。字体不限。对于你教学设计的说明请在800-1000字完成。
答:
If you are visiting another country you may feel that you don’t have any private space. Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world. All day long, you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and “outside”. Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don’t know about. And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more! This is one of the difficulties of being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you. Haven’t you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning”a bit of space?
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===================================================================================================1:[论述题]一、名词解释1.学习策略2.文化意识3.语法翻译法4.形成性评价5. 非智力因素6. 学习需求7.外语学习动机8.成长记录袋参考答案:1. 学习策略,是指在学习情景中,学生对学习任务的认识,对学习方法的调整和对学习过程的调控。

2. 文化意识是指对"语言国家的历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活习惯、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、价值观念等”的认识。

3. 语法翻译法(The Grammar-translation Method)这是一种以语法、词汇为主,通过阅读材料进行译入、译出练习,并借以培养学生阅读文学作品能力的教学方法。

4.形成性评价指在教学过程中为了获得有关学习的反馈信息,对学生所学知识的掌握程度所进行的系统评价,是针对学生的学习行为与能力发展所进行的过程性评价,是教学过程的有机组成部分。

5. 所谓非智力因素是指智力因素以外的一切心理因素,包括学习需求、学习动机、学习态度、学习兴趣及学习者的性格、意志、年龄、学习方式和学习习惯等。

===================================================================================================6. 外语学习的需求因素包括学习的外部诱因和内部需求。

前者指由外部动力推动或受外部情境支配而产生的需求,如社会发展和环境变化所引起的需求;后者指由学习者内部动力促发,受心理支配而产生的需求,如对知识、情感和成就的需求等。

7. 外语学习动机是激发学生朝着外语学习目标前进的心理动因和心理倾向。

外语学习动机可以分为"远景动机"和"近景动机"。

前者是指与学习结果和社会责任相联系的动机,与宏观诱因相关。

例如,为祖国富强、为提高个人文化素质和道德水平、立志将来有所作为等而学习外语;后者是指于学习活动和具体行为目标相联系的动机,与内部需求紧密相连。

8.成长记录袋(Portfolio)亦称成长档案袋和学习文件夹,是记录学生学习过程与成果的一种工具。

成长记录袋是一个有用的评价工具,可以用于总结性评价,更可以用于形成性评价,有时也可以用于选拔。

根据档案袋中记录内容的不同,记录袋可以分为两种,一种是成果型记录袋,另一种是过程型记录袋。

成果型记录袋主要记录学生的优秀作品,作为总结性评价的参考。

过程型记录袋通常包括学生的问题、说明、草案、最初的草稿、修改稿、最终产品以及对作品的自我评价。

1:[论述题]简答题1.新课程标准提出了哪些基本理念?2.任务型教学模式体现了怎样的语言观与学习观?3. 交际教学法的特点与不足是什么?参考答案:1.为了实现基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生综合语言运用能力,新课程标准提出了课程改革的六大理念:"面向全体学生,注重素质教育;整休设计目标.体现灵活开放;突出学生主体,尊重个体差异;=================================================================================================== 采用活动途径,倡导体验参与;注重过程评价,促进学生发展;开发课程资源,拓展学用渠道”这此理念反映了当今世界课程与教学改革的主旋律,体现了以人为本、全人(whole person)教育的精神实质,突出主体性、灵活性和开放性,重视学生、重视发展和重视过程。

2.在运用任务型教学模式时,我们把语言看作用于交际的、具有结构性的、系统的、可认知的信息传播工具,并以此设计课堂中的交际活动,组织交际教学过程,分析理解语言结构,进而帮助学生掌握目标语言。

其基础是现代语言学理论关于语言和学习的基本认识。

(1)语言观•语言是功能意义的载体。

即语言是为达到交际目的而使用的表达意义的工具,语言使用过程就是交际过程。

•语言是建立和维持人们交际关系的工具。

•语言是可以理解的结构性系统,可以转换和生成,所以语言形式具有可认知性,语法具有可分析性。

(2)学习观语言是交际的基本工具,语言学习目标就是掌握在交际环境中使用这种工具,换言之,就是要通过使用语言来学会语言。

•语言既然是工具,就需要通过练习语言使用才能熟练使用语言,因此,行为主义学习观在指导学生提高语言使用熟练程度方面是有意义的。

=================================================================================================== •语言是可理解的结构系统,我们需要分析、理解和归纳语言规律,根据不同的情况再现语言形式,因此,认知理论也是我们的学习理论。

•语言不仅仅是知识系统和技能,更重要的是它表现了人的交际能力。

学生要理解语言,熟练技能,更重要的是需要灵活使用语言达到交际目的。

为了达到这个目标,教师需要培养学生的交际能力。

•语言是用来交际的,交际是有语境的。

教师要鼓励学生理解语境,把握语境,在不同的环境中学习创造性地使用语言、创造性地表达思想。

这是语言生成理论的启示。

3.交际教学法具有四个特点:(1)课堂教学以交际能力的所有能力成分为目标,而不仅限于语言能力;(2)课程编排不以形式为纲,而是以功能为纲,通过功能展示形式;(3)语言教学以流畅为主,而不是以准确为主,交际的最终评判标准是意义倾向的真实转达;(4)交际教学课堂上,学生要能创造性地使用语言。

这些特点既是交际教学法的价值所在,也恰恰说明交际教学法的不足。

根据语言运用的原则,语言运用应该是以准确(accuracy)和得体(appropriateness)为主,而不以流利(fluency)作为主要标准,因为意思和意图的传达要得体才会有效。

也就是说,强调功能的交际教学法所培养的流利的语言运用能力并不是语言运用中的决定性因素。

这也是交际法后来出现新的发展(比如作为交际法的一个形态的任务型教学)的一个重要=================================================================================================== 原因。

1:[论述题]简答题1.外语学习的基本条件是什么?2.影响外语学习的非智力因素有哪些?3.克拉申的语言监察理论包括哪些假说?参考答案:1.综合国内外学者的研究成果,我们认为外语学习的基本条件包括:(1)语言接触。

学习游泳的人不跳到水中去是学不会游泳的。

同样地,语言学习者不接触语言也是学不好话言的。

但这并不是说只要接触语言,就一定能学会语言,因为接触语言只是语言学习的基本条件或前提条件。

接触语言还涉及质和量的问题。

所谓接触的量是指语言接触的数量,有多少之分。

如果其他因素忽略不计,那么语言材料的接触量越多,语言学习的效果就越好。

因为学习者只有在众多的语料中才能把握语言的普遍规律和特征,才能把具体话语系统化、规则化,把输入变成吸入。

此外,语言接触的质也是影响语言学习的重要因素。

在语言输入量同等的情况下,输入哪些语料就成了语言学习的关键。

语言接触的质与学习者的水平密切相关,如果输入的语料难度远远超出了学习者现有的水平,就算输入量再大,学习者还是很难学好语言的。

反之,如果输入的语料太容易,学习者不需要任何努力也能做到,这也是不利于学习者的语言发展的。

英语教师必须把握好语言输入的质和量与学习者现有=================================================================================================== 水平之间的距离,即维果茨基的最近发展区。

只有这样,学习者的语言水平才会不断提高,才能最终学会使用语言。

此外,我们所说的质并不仅仅是指接触标准的语音(如有些教师经常让学生接触BBC播音员的声音,要求他们模仿其语音语调,这在学习初期是必要的),而是指各式各样的语言使用类型,不但要有正式的独白,而且还要有非正式的聊天和不同类型的写作。

换言之,学习者只接触有限的简写文本或具体的书写文本、句子层面的例子和照本宣科的对话是远远不够的。

(2)语言使用正如输入一样,输出也被普遍认为是学习外语的基本条件之一和语言发展的关键。

学生只有在不断地使用语言、生成话语的过程中,他们才会把更多的注意力放在听和读方面,放在分析加工语言输入、关注语言特征方面。

即,学生是通过输出来促进吸入,通过生成来习得语言的。

如果教师在教学过程中只关注输入(语言接触),而没有考虑输出(语言使用),那么他的教学行为必定是填鸭式的,即把学生当作一个只进不出的容器,这是不利于语言学习的。

因为语言学习是一种双向交流的活动,既涉及语言习得,也涉及话语生成;既要表达思想,传递信息,又要了解他人的思想,获取信息。

正如目前非常流行的一句教学格言所说:你听,你忘了;你读,你记住;你做,你学会。

因此,学生只有在用语言做事的过程中才能真正学会语言,用好语言。

当然,语言使用涉及两种加工过程:有意识与无意识的加工。

按照加=================================================================================================== 涅的学习与记忆的信息加工模型,所谓有意识的语言加工是指学习者在语言输出时把长时记忆里的语言知识调到工作记忆中进行加工,然后这些经过加工的语言知识经过反应发生器输出。

这是一个有意识参与的加工过程。

通俗地说,所谓有意识的语言加工就是指,学习者在用语言来表达意义时,往往不是直接说出来,而是先在大脑中思考一下语言的组织形式,看看是否符合语法,然后才向外输出。

另一种是无意识的语言加工,即学习者在用语言来表达意义时不需要经过工作记忆的加工,长时记忆中的语言知识直接从反应发生器输出。

这是一个无意识参与的加工过程。

也就是说,学习者在输出信息时无需动脑子来思考语言知识的组织,而是脱口而出。

学生在用目标语来表达意义时,常常涉及到对语言知识的有意识加工,而在用本族语来表达意义时则无需对语言进行有意识的加工,完全是一种自动化的过程。

语言学习的目的就是要使语言输出自动化,这是一个从有意识到无意识的加工过程。

在我国外语教学中,相对于输入来说,学习者输出语言的机会可谓少之又少。

在课堂上,学生大部分时间都是在听别人说话,尤其是听教师的讲授,很多学生一节课也没能说上几句,尤其是胆怯和成绩差的学生根本就没有说英语的机会,真有点像陪太子读书。

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