语言学 构词法 ppt
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构词法公开课ppt课件
action education ability possibility scientist artist illness happiness warmth growth
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Derivation 派生法
形容词后缀: -ful -ly
在词根上加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成 另外一个词
unrealistic
= un-
+ real + -istic
physically
= physical
+ -ly
impossible
= im- + possible
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Derivation 派生法
在词根上加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成 另外一个词
Work in groups to find out the derivative words(派生词) in the passage and fill in the blanks.
words with suffix(后 缀)
words with prefix(前 缀)
Derivative words
n.
swimmer
adj.
adv.
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Derivation 派生法
在词根上加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成 另外一个词
名词后缀:-er, -or, -ment, -ship, -hood
在词根上加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成 另外一个词
常见的前缀
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(A)表示否定的前缀: un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker
(常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-informal, inhuman, indirect
构词法 ppt课件
Word-formation
1. Compounding (合成法) 2. Derivation 派生词 3. Conversion转化法 4.Clipping截短法 5. Blends混合法
1. Compounding (合成法)
Weekend 周末 handwriting 书法 pain-killer 止痛药 three-year-old三岁的 ordinary-looking相貌一般的 sleep-walk梦游
(6) -an: African, Russian
(7) -ese: Chinese, Japanese
(8) -ess: princess, waitress
(9) -ant: accountant, applicant
attendant (10) -er: (工具)container, speaker 喇叭, washer洗衣机/洗碗机, cooker 厨具
4.Clipping截短法
1.截头
telephone →phone airplane →plane
2.去尾
mathematics→ maths
examination→exam
kilogram→ kilo
laboratory →lab
taxicab→ taxi
3.截头去尾
influenza→ flu
(6)-th: faith, warmth, (7)-dom: kingdom, wisdom, (8)-sm: enthusiasm, nationalism, (9)-ance: importance, romance (10)-ence: intelligence, violence, (11)-ery: bravery, slavery, (12)-th: length, strength, warmth,
1. Compounding (合成法) 2. Derivation 派生词 3. Conversion转化法 4.Clipping截短法 5. Blends混合法
1. Compounding (合成法)
Weekend 周末 handwriting 书法 pain-killer 止痛药 three-year-old三岁的 ordinary-looking相貌一般的 sleep-walk梦游
(6) -an: African, Russian
(7) -ese: Chinese, Japanese
(8) -ess: princess, waitress
(9) -ant: accountant, applicant
attendant (10) -er: (工具)container, speaker 喇叭, washer洗衣机/洗碗机, cooker 厨具
4.Clipping截短法
1.截头
telephone →phone airplane →plane
2.去尾
mathematics→ maths
examination→exam
kilogram→ kilo
laboratory →lab
taxicab→ taxi
3.截头去尾
influenza→ flu
(6)-th: faith, warmth, (7)-dom: kingdom, wisdom, (8)-sm: enthusiasm, nationalism, (9)-ance: importance, romance (10)-ence: intelligence, violence, (11)-ery: bravery, slavery, (12)-th: length, strength, warmth,
关于构词法的课件.ppt
super- 超级,上层subway
sur- 表面
supermarket, superior
tele- 远
surface, surname, surround
的trans- 横穿 ,通过telephone, telegram, television
tri- 三
transplant, transport, transform
greenhouse
温室
walkout
罢工
black hole
黑洞
mad-doctorห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
神经科医生
pig iron
生铁
the Milky
银河
3.W合a y成词的形式:连写,分写,连字符。(美语多不
用连字符,英语多用连字符;有些合成词取得固定地
位后,连写。)
派生法 --- 词缀法
1 . 加前缀的构词法 :
名词性后缀
-ness 状态, 性 质
-ment 行为, 结 果 -ship 状态
happiness, illness, selfishness, sadness darkness, carelessness, endlessness , speechlessness
equipment, entertainment, amusement, excitement, agreement, management, argument
active, creative, negative, positive, expensive
manlike, childlike, warlike
-ly
有…性质的
-ous
有…性质的
-some
英语语言学-构词法课件
1、Invention
• To satisfy the new situation in modern human life, many new lexical items come directly from various fields, especially from technological and economical activities. • For example, • Kodak, Coke, nylon
B.派生词(Derivative)
• 定义:由词根利用前缀或后缀派生而成的词称为 派生词(亦称转成语)。现以“friend”为例列示 如下: • 前缀 词根 后缀 • friend.............................................. 朋友 • friend-ly.......................................... 友善的 • friend-less....................................... 没有朋友的 • friend-ship...................................... 友谊 • un-friend-ly..................................... 不友善的
2、Blending
A relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.
语法专题 专题十三 构 词 法(共30张PPT)
综合演练
-ese China→Chinese 中国人 -ian history→historian 历史学家 -ist tour→tourist 旅行者;观光者 -ant serve→servant 仆人 -ance/-ence appear→appearance 出现;外貌 -ing hear→hearing 听力;听觉 -ure/-ture press→pressure 压力
综合演练
always familiar, to round out my skills and knowledge. Risks come 4 every form, and throughout your career; taking risks could mean 5 (choose) to learn new areas of your business or simply putting your hand up to start new projects. Each one 6 (broaden) your skills and improve your knowledge while getting you 7 (close) to reaching your full potential.
综合演练
Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。 Ask my kids to pick one word that describes me? They would likely say
“adventurous” according to what I 1 (do) in the past. I believe in taking risks and growing every day, in life and in business. I take part in outdoor adventures not only to spend time with my family, but also to learn more about myself 2 put in unfamiliar situations and environments. In business, I've always challenged myself by taking on new roles, in areas 3 I wasn't
词汇学之构词法课件
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前缀的功能
前缀的主要功能是改变词根的意义或指示词的类别,例如"unhappy"中
的"un-"表示否定,"rebuild"中的"re-"表示再次或重复,"preheat"中
的"pre-"表示预先。
后缀
后缀的定义
后缀是一种构词成分,附加在词 根之后,用来改变词的意义或指
示词的类别。
常见的后缀
常见的英语后缀包括"-ness"( 表示性质或状态)、"-ful"(表 示充满或具有...的性质)、"-ly"
词汇学之构词法课件
contents
目录
• 构词法简介 • 派生构词法 • 合成构词法 • 转化构词法 • 缩略构词法 • 词汇学之构词法应用
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构词法简介
什么是构词法
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构词法是研究词汇变化和形成的 科学,它主要研究词素组合的方 式、词素替换的规则等。
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构词法包括词根、前缀、后缀、 词尾等部分,它们通过不同的组 合方式形成新的词汇。
总结词
详细描述
总结词
详细描述
首字母缩略词是将一组词的首 字母组合成一个新词。
例如,“NASA”(美国国家 航空航天局)、“VIP”(重 要人物)等都是首字母缩略词。 这些词分别取自“National Aeronautics and Space Administration”和“Very Important Person”的首字母。
转化法
将一个词从一种词类转化为另 一种词类的方法。
截取法
从长词中截取一部分形成新词 的方法。
高中英语语法 - 构词法 PPT课件 图文
photograph photo
advertisement ad 2. 混成法 (Blending)
breakfast + lunch = brunch 早晨和中午之间的饭 smoke + fog = smog 烟雾 work + welfare = workfare 工作福利 medical + care = medicare 医疗保险 3. 首字母缩略 (Initialisms) BBC British Broadcasting Corporation UN United Nations
⑥ -ist ……家,者 artist novelist violinist pianist (2)构成抽象名词&集合名词的后缀 ① v. + ment movement government judgment ② v. + ion / sion / tion / ation action pronunciation invitation decision vision intention ③ n. + ship friendship membership relationship
-less careless hopeless useless homeless -ly friendly monthly lonely -y cloudy lucky hilly healthy noisy -ous / ious dangerous serious -ed excited shocked frightened interested
-ing surprising exciting interesting shocking ⑷ 副词的后缀 -ly suddenly quickly slowly certainly nearly successfully -ward/wards backwards forwards downwards upwards northward southward eastward westward ⑸ 动词的后缀
advertisement ad 2. 混成法 (Blending)
breakfast + lunch = brunch 早晨和中午之间的饭 smoke + fog = smog 烟雾 work + welfare = workfare 工作福利 medical + care = medicare 医疗保险 3. 首字母缩略 (Initialisms) BBC British Broadcasting Corporation UN United Nations
⑥ -ist ……家,者 artist novelist violinist pianist (2)构成抽象名词&集合名词的后缀 ① v. + ment movement government judgment ② v. + ion / sion / tion / ation action pronunciation invitation decision vision intention ③ n. + ship friendship membership relationship
-less careless hopeless useless homeless -ly friendly monthly lonely -y cloudy lucky hilly healthy noisy -ous / ious dangerous serious -ed excited shocked frightened interested
-ing surprising exciting interesting shocking ⑷ 副词的后缀 -ly suddenly quickly slowly certainly nearly successfully -ward/wards backwards forwards downwards upwards northward southward eastward westward ⑸ 动词的后缀
高中英语构词法课件(共54张PPT)
5)以–ent/ant结尾的形容词→ -ance/ence结尾的名词 violent(violence) distant(distance) present(presence) absent(absence)
obedient(obedience)
competent
(competence)能力,胜任,称职
blackboard
hand-made 手工制作的
语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换 的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法, 其中主要涉及到以下三条: 1. 在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语, 用 副词; 2. 在句中作定语、表语或补语, 一般用形 容词; 3. 作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语, 用 名词。
operator操作员
2) 动词+–ee→名词( 表示“受动者,行动者”)
interviewee 被采访者 trainee 培训生 payee 收(受)款人 employee
3) -ist 表示“从事……研究者;信 仰……主义者”。 如:
pianist钢琴家 scientist科学家 artist艺术家 chemist药剂师 4) -dom 表示“等级,领域,状态”。如: freedom自由 kingdom王国 wisdom智慧
intelligent(intelligence)智力
confident(confidence)
patient(patience)
convenient (convenience)
elegant(elegance)
different(difference)
注意:特殊–ent结尾的形容词→ -ency结尾的名词
assist, attend, attract
高中英语语法专题复习课件--构词法(共29张PPT)-经典通用课件资料
2021/10/10
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-al, -ial, -ical (名词后加, 表具有……特点,与……有关): accidental, professorial, psychological 3)副词后缀
形容词或名词后加-ly: calmly, carefully 表示地点或方位的词后加-ward(s)变为副词。如:southward(s), backward(s), outward(s)等。 4)动词后缀
变词性而不改变词义。 1. 常见前缀: 1)in-, il-, im-, ir-, un-, non- (表否定):
incomplete, illegal, impossible,
irregular, unwise, non-smoker 2)dis-, un- (表反向或反义): disconnect,
five-storeyed 名词+过去分词:home-made, hand-made 名词+形容词:world-famous, ice-cool 形容词/数词+名词:full-time, second-hand 形容词+过去分词:newborn, short-sighted 副词+过去分词:well-known, newly-built 其它形式:face-to-face, evergreen
-en, -ify, -ize: widen, simplify, beautify, symbolize
2021/10/10
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I. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于am3个az单ing词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. While there are 68. ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are
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3 types of word formation:
*Acronymization(Acronym)首字母缩略法 *Initialism(Alphabetism)首字母拼写法 *Coinage 新造法
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Thank you !!
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Acronymization 首字母缩略法
*Some new words are formed from the frist letters of a serious of words. They are proncounced as single words. 各 个 单 词 首字母组成的缩略词拼读成一个词,就是首字母 缩 略 法 。
*smog: smoke+fog (烟雾) newscast: news+broadcast(新闻广播) slanguage: slang language(俚语) kleenex: 舒洁纸巾(全球知名面巾纸品牌之一)
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*CBS---Columbia Broadcasting System VIP---Very Important Person IT---Information Technology
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Coinage 新造法
*A newly invented word or phrase. 发明出全新的词汇,有时候是一些商标名称。
Word Formation !!
英日1301 汤承晨 0305130119
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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types of word formation
Compounding 复合法 Derivation 派生法 Conversion 转类法 Back-formation 逆向构词法 Clipping 截短法 Blending 混合法 Acronymiaztion 首字母缩略法 Alphabetism首字母拼写法 Sentence-consendation 句子压缩法 Redupication 重选法 Onomatopoeia 拟声法 Borrowing 外借法
*Some new words are composed of the frist letters of aserious of words and pronounce by saying each letter in them. 利用词的第一个字母代表一个词组的缩略 方 法 叫 做 首 字 母 拼 写法。
PETS:Public English Testing System
DINK:Double income,no kids
UNESCO: United Nations Educational Scientific and
Cultural Oragnization
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Initialism(Alphabetism)首字母拼写法