主谓一致之意义一致原则

主谓一致逻辑意义一致原则

一.主谓一致的种类

1 •语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：

The nu mber of the stude nts prese nt is 200.

Jane and Mary look alike.

2 •意义上一致

1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouti ng.

单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle等。

2) 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。女口：The news was so surpris ing.

形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, econo mics 等。

3. 就近原则

即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, either -or, neither…not,ot only…butalso等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：

Either your stude nts or Mr. Wang knows this.

二、逻辑意义一致原则

逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单

数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)。

1. what，who，which，any，more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。

如：Which ____ (be) your bag? / Which ____ (be) your bags?

All _____ (be) going well. / All _____ (be) gone to Beijing.

a. I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her.

A. were

B. are

C. is

D. was

b. The boy sitti ng by the win dow is the only one of the stude nts who ___ from the coun tryside in our school.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. are

2. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用

单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is eno ugh for the work

a. Twenty miles ____ a long way to cover.

A. seem to be

B. is

C. are

D. were

b. Ten thousa nd dollars ___ quite a large sum.

A.are

B. is

C. were

D. have

3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词

通常用单数形式。如：“The Arabian Nights ” is an interesting^SOok*

a. The Arabia n Nights __ w ell known to En glish lovers.

A. is being

B. are

C. were

D. is

b. The Uni ted Natio ns __ i n 1945.

A. was found

B. was foun ded

C. were foun ded

D. were found

c. Stories of the Long March ______ popular with the young people now.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

4. 表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left o n the table.

a. One and a half apples ___ o n the table.

A. are left

B. is left

C. have left

D. has left

5. 算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。

女口：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

a. Ni ne plus three ____ twelve.

A. are mak ing

B. is mak ing

C. make

D. makes

6. 一些学科名词是以-cs 结尾，女口：mathematics, politics，physics 以及news，

works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990.

a. Politics ___ o ne of the subjects that I study.

A. are

B. is

C. were

D. was

b. Mathematics ______ the Ian guage of scie nee.

A. are

B. are going to be

C. is

D. is to be

7. trousers glasses clothes，shoes 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这

些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：The pair of shoes un der the bed is his.

a. This pair of trouseis ___ t oo long for him.

A.is

B.be

C.are

D.were

b. My glasses _ broken

A.is

B. are

C. being

D. has being

8. 定冠词the +形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。

a. The poor ___ in an undeveleped country

A. live

B. lived

C. lives

D. livi ng

b. The blind ___ in special schools.

A. study

B. studies

C. study ing

D. studied