铸造名词术语中英对照GB5611-85
铸造名词术语
铸造名词术语（GB5611-85）1 基本术语1.1 铸造 foundry, founding, casting1.2铸造工艺 foundry technology1.3铸件 casting1.4砂型铸造 sand casting process1.5特种铸造 special casting process2合金性能2.1 流动性 fluidity2.2 充型能力 mold-filling capacity2.3 吸气 gas absorption2.4 过冷 undercooling, supercooling2.5 过冷度 degree of undercooling2.6 成核 nucleation2.7 自发成核（均质成核） homogeneous nucleation2.8非自发成核（非均质成核） heterogeneousnucleation2.9凝固温度范围 solidification range2.10定向凝固（顺序凝固） directionalsolidification2.11液态收缩（液体收缩） liquid contraction 2.12凝固收缩 solidification contraction2.13固态收缩（固体收缩） solid contraction 2.14凝固时间 solidification time2.15自由收缩 free contraction2.16受阻收缩 hindered contraction2.17铸件线收缩率 shrinkage2.18收缩应力 contraction stress2.19热应力 thermal stress2.20相变应力 transformation stress, phasechange stress2.21铸造应力 casting stress2.22残留应力（残余应力） residual stress3铸造用材料3.1金属原材料3.1.1 金属原材料 metallic raw material3.1.2生铁 pig iron3.1.3铁合金 ferro-alloy3.1.4回炉料 foundry returns3.1.5中间合金 master alloy3.2燃料3.2.1铸造焦炭 foundry coke3.2.2冶金焦炭 metallurgical coke3.2.3固定碳 fixed carbon3.3熔剂3.3.1 熔剂 flux3.3.2 除气熔剂（除气剂） degassing flux 3.3.3 覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂） covering flux 3.3.4 精炼熔剂（精炼剂） refining flux 3.4耐火材料3.4.1耐火度（耐火性） refractoriness3.4.2耐火砖 firebrick3.4.3耐火粘土 fireclay3.4.4硅砖 silica brick3.4.5镁砂 grain magnesite3.5 造型材料3.5.1 造型材料 molding material3.5.2 砂 sand3.5.3 水洗砂 washed-out sand3.5.4 硅砂 silica sand3.5.5天然砂 natural sand3.5.6人工砂 artificial sand3.5.7天然粘土砂 naturally clay-bonded sand 3.5.8橄榄石砂 olivine sand3.5.9铬铁矿砂 chromite sand3.5.10锆砂 zircon sand3.5.11炭粒砂 carbon sand3.5.12精硅砂 sharp sand3.5.13红砂 red sand3.5.14熟料砂 chamotte sand3.5.15粘结剂 binder3.5.16粘土 clay3.5.17无机粘结剂 inorganic binder3.5.18有机粘结剂 organic binder3.5.19高岭土 kaolin3.5.20膨润土 bentonite3.5.21钠基膨润土 sodium bentonite3.5.22钙基膨润土 calcium bentonite3.5.23活化膨润土 activated bentonite3.5.24干性油 drying oil3.5.25自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bakebinder3.5.26热固树脂粘结剂 thermosetting resinbinder3.5.27油类粘结剂 oil based binder3.5.28水玻璃粘结剂 water glass binder,sodium silicate binder3.5.29纸浆废液 lignin liquor3.5.30合脂粘结剂 synthetic fat binder3.5.31水玻璃模数 sodium silicate modulus 3.6辅助材料3.6.1附加物 additives3.6.2发热剂 exothermic mixture3.6.3分型剂（脱模剂） parting agent,stripping agent3.6.4固化剂（硬化剂）hardener3.6.5悬浮剂suspending agent3.6.6涂料 coating3.7砂处理3.7.1型砂制备（砂处理） sand preparation 3.7.2混砂 sand mulling, sand mixing3.7.3型砂（造型混合料） molding sand 3.7.4芯砂（造芯混合料） core sand3.7.5合成砂 synthetic sand3.7.6自硬砂 self-hardening sand3.7.7水玻璃砂 sodium silicate-bonded sand 3.7.8覆膜砂 precoated sand3.7.9烂砂泥（麻泥） loam3.7.10调匀砂 temper sand3.7.11面砂 facing sand3.7.12背砂（填充砂） backing sand3.7.13单一砂 unit sand3.7.14含泥量 clay content3.7.15含水量 moisture content3.7.16旧砂 floor sand3.7.17枯砂（焦砂） burnt sand3.7.18废砂 waste sand3.7.19热砂 hot sand3.7.20松砂 aeration , sand-cutting3.7.21筛分（筛析） screen analysis3.7.22旧砂处理 sand reconditioning3.7.23旧砂再生 sand reclamation3.7.24沉降分选 elutriation, decantation3.8型砂性能及试验3.8.1 型砂试验 sand testing3.8.2 透气性 permeability3.8.3 流动性 flowability3.8.4型砂强度 sand strength3.8.5湿强度 green strength3.8.6干强度 dry strength3.8.7耐用性（复用性） durability3.8.8砂型（芯）硬度 mold hardness3.8.9热变形 hot deformation3.8.10残留强度 retained strength3.8.11热强度 hot strength3.8.12韧性 toughness3.8.13发气率（发气速度） gas evolution rate 3.8.14发气性（发气量） gas evolution3.8.15吸湿性 moisture absorption3.8.16落砂性 knock-out capability3.8.17潰散性 collapsibility3.8.18胶质价 colloid index3.8.19破碎指数 shatter index3.9砂处理设备3.9.1热气流烘砂装置 hot pneumatic tubedrier3.9.2混砂机 sand muller, sand mixer 3.9.3松砂机 aerator, sand cutter3.9.4冷却提升机 cooling elevator,coolevator3.9.5筛砂机 riddle3.9.6磁力滚筒 magnetic separator3.9.7旧砂再生设备 sand reclamation3.9.8气力输送装置 pneumatic tube conveyor 4铸造合金4.1铸铁4.1.1 铸铁 cast iron4.1.2 铸铁石墨形态 morphology of graphite in cast iron4.1.3 灰铸铁（灰口铸铁） gray cast iron 4.1.4 白口铸铁 white cast iron4.1.5 麻口铸铁 mottled cast iron4.1.6共晶度 degree of saturation4.1.7碳当量 carbon equivalent4.1.8片状石墨 flake graphite4.1.9初生石墨 primary graphite4.1.10孕育铸铁 inoculated cast iron4.1.11球墨铸铁 spheroidal graphite cast iron,nodular graphite iron, ductile iron4.1.12球状石墨 spheroidal graphite, nodulargraphite4.1.13可锻铸铁 malleable cast iron4.1.14黑心可锻铸铁 black heart malleablecast iron4.1.15珠光体可锻铸铁 pearlitic malleablecast iron4.1.16铁素体可锻铸铁 ferritic malleable castiron4.1.17白心可锻铸铁 white heart malleablecast iron4.1.18团絮石墨 tempered graphite4.1.19冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁） chilled iron 4.1.20耐磨铸铁 wear resisting cast iron4.1.21耐热铸铁 heat resisting cast iron4.1.22耐酸铸铁 acid resisting cast iron4.1.23高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron4.1.24蠕墨铸铁 vermicular cast iron,compacted graphite cast iron4.1.25蠕虫状石墨 vermicular graphite4.1.26合金铸铁 alloy cast iron4.2铸钢4.2.1 铸钢 cast steel4.2.2 炭素铸钢 carbon cast iron4.2.3 低合金铸钢 low alloy cast steel4.2.4 高锰钢 high manganese steel4.2.5铁素体钢 ferritic steel4.3铸造非铁合金4.3.1 青铜 bronze4.3.2 铅青铜 lead bronze4.3.3 铝青铜 aluminum bronze4.3.4 黄铜 brass4.3.5铝铜合金 aluminum-copper alloy4.3.6铝镁合金 aluminum-magnesium alloy 4.3.7铝硅合金 aluminum-silicon alloy4.3.8镁合金 magnesium alloy4.3.9轴承合金（减摩合金） bearing metal,antifrictional metal4.3.10巴氏合金 babbitt alloy4.3.11钛合金 titanium alloy5熔炼工艺及设备5.1熔炼基本术语5.1.1 熔化（熔炼） melting5.1.2 重熔 remelting5.1.3 炉料 charge5.1.4 熔化率 melting rate5.1.5 炉料计算 charge calculation5.1.6 双联熔炼 duplexing5.1.7 元素烧损（元素烧损率） melting losses of various chemical elements5.1.8 熔炼损耗（烧损） total melting loss 5.1.9还原气氛 reducing atmosphere5.1.10氧化气氛 oxidizing atmosphere5.1.11惰性气体 inert gas5.1.12碱度（碱性指数） index of basicity 5.1.13碱性渣 basic slag5.1.14酸性渣 acid slag5.1.15精炼 refining5.1.16遗传性 heredity5.2铸铁熔炼5.2.1 风口比 tuyere ratio5.2.2 有效高度 effective height5.2.3 送风强度 blast intensity5.2.4预热送风 hot blast5.2.5底焦 coke bed5.2.6层焦 coke split5.2.7隔焦（结力焦） buffer coke charge 5.2.8炉衬 furnace lining5.2.9碱性炉衬 basic lining5.2.10酸性炉衬 acid lining5.2.11棚料 bridging5.2.12熔池 bath5.2.13吸碳 carbon pick-up5.2.14铁焦比（焦比） iron-coke ratio5.2.15出渣 deslagging5.2.16打炉 cupola drop5.3铸钢5.3.1 氧化熔炼法 oxidizing melting 5.3.2 不氧化熔炼法 dead melting5.3.3 真空熔炼 vacuum refining5.3.4 电渣熔炼 electro-slag melting5.3.5 熔渣 slag5.3.6 沉渣 sludge5.3.7 浮渣 dross, cinder5.3.8 氧化期（沸腾期） oxidizing stage, boil5.3.9还原期 deoxidizing stage, blockingstage5.3.10还原渣 reducing slag5.3.11氧化渣 oxidizing slag5.3.12白渣 white slag5.3.13脱氧 deoxidation5.3.14扒渣 slagging- off5.3.15脱碳 decarburization5.3.16脱硫 desulphurization5.3.17脱磷 dephosphorization5.3.18增碳 recarburizing5.3.19脱氧剂 deoxidizer5.4非铁金属熔炼5.4.1 挥发损耗volatilizing losses5.4.2 静置 stewing, holding5.4.3 吹氮 nitrogen flushing5.5熔炼设备5.5.1 冲天炉 cupola5.5.2 水冷冲天炉 water-cooled cupola5.5.3热风冲天炉 hot-blast cupola5.5.4湿法除尘器 wet cap5.5.5炉缸 cupola well5.5.6前炉 forehearth5.5.7冲天炉加料机 cupola charging machine 5.5.8爬式加料机 skip hoist5.5.9电磁配铁称 electro-magnetic weighingbalancer5.5.10电磁盘 electromagnetic chuck5.5.11电弧炉（直接电弧炉） arc furnace,direct arc furnace5.5.12感应电炉 electric induction furnace 5.5.13电渣炉 electroslag furnace5.5.14电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation5.5.15浇包 ladle5.5.16摇包 shaking ladle5.5.17底注包 bottom pouring ladle5.5.18保温炉holding furnace5.5.19坩埚炉crucible furnace5.6熔融金属处理5.6.1孕育 inoculation5.6.2多孔塞法 porous plug process5.6.3变质 modification5.6.4墨化剂 graphitizer5.6.5过热 superheating5.6.6石墨球化处理 nodularizing treatment ofgraphite5.6.7碳当量仪eutectometer5.6.8三角试块 wedge test-piece5.6.9真空除气vacuum degassing5.7浇注5.7.1浇注 pouring5.7.2保护气氛浇注 pouring under controlledatmosphere5.7.3浇注速度 pouring rate5.7.4浇注温度 pouring temperature5.7.5浇注时间 pouring time5.7.6浇注位置 pouring position5.7.7型内孕育 inmold inoculation5.7.8压铁 weight5.7.9捣冒口 churning, pumping5.7.10点冒口（补注） teeming5.7.11浸入式高温计 immersion pyremeter5.7.12补炉 patching5.7.13炉龄（炉衬寿命） campaign6工艺设计及工艺装备6.1工艺设计6.1.1 铸造工艺设计 mold design6.1.2 铸造工艺装备设计 foundry tools design 6.1.3 铸造工艺图 foundry molding drawing 6.1.4 铸件图（毛坯图） drawing of rough casting6.1.5起模斜度（拔模斜度） pattern draft6.1.6收缩余量shrinkage allowance6.1.7工艺补正量 molding allowance6.1.8加工余量 machining allowance6.1.9吃砂量 mold thickness6.1.10补贴 pad6.1.11分型负数 joint allowance6.1.12铸件尺寸公差 dimensional tolerance ofcasting6.1.13铸件重量公差 weight allowance ofcasting6.1.14铸件加工基准面 reference face formachining of casting6.1.15铸件表面粗糙度 surface roughness ofcasting6.2浇冒口系统6.2.1 浇注系统（浇口） gating system, running system6.2.2封闭式浇注系统 choked running system,pressurized gating system6.2.3半封闭式浇注系统 enlarged runnersystem 6.2.4开放式浇注系统 unchoked runningsystem, non-pressurized gating system 6.2.5浇口盆（外浇口） pouring basin6.2.6浇口杯 pouring cup6.2.7浇口塞 blanking-off plug6.2.8直浇道 sprue6.2.9直浇道窝 sprue base6.2.10横浇道 runner6.2.11筛网芯（滤网芯） strainer core6.2.12内浇道 ingate6.2.13离心集渣浇注系统 whirl gate, dirttrap system6.2.14顶注式浇注系统 top gating system6.2.15底注式浇注系统 bottom gating system 6.2.16阶梯式浇注系统 step gating system6.2.17雨淋浇口 shower gate6.2.18缝隙浇口 slot gate6.2.19压边浇口 lip runner, kiss runner6.2.20牛角式浇口 horn gate6.2.21热节 hot spot6.2.22冒口 riser, feeder heed6.2.23冒口效率 riser efficiency6.2.24明冒口 open riser6.2.25暗冒口 blind riser6.2.26侧冒口（边冒口） side riser6.2.27压力冒口 pressure riser6.2.28大气压力冒口 atmospheric riser6.2.29发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-deliveredpressure riser6.2.30透气砂芯 pencil core6.2.31冒口颈 riser neck6.2.32冒口根 riser pad6.2.33保温冒口套 heat insulating feedersleeve6.2.34发热冒口套 exothermic feeder sleeve 6.2.35补缩距离 feeding distance, feedingzone6.2.36易割冒口 knock-off head6.2.37易割片（易割芯片） washburn core6.3模样6.3.1铸造工艺装备 foundry tools andequipment6.3.2模样（铸模，模） pattern6.3.3母模 master pattern6.3.4金属模 metal pattern6.3.5骨架模 skeleton pattern6.3.6石膏模 plaster pattern6.3.7塑料模 plastic pattern6.3.8整体模 one-piece pattern6.3.9分开模 parted pattern, split pattern6.3.10活块 loose piece6.3.11模板 pattern plate6.3.12模底板 pattern mounting plate6.3.13单面模板 single face pattern plate6.3.14双面模板 match plate6.3.15放样（伸图） hot dimensional drawing 6.3.16缩尺（模样工缩尺） shrinkage rule,pattern-maker’s rule6.4芯盒6.4.1 芯盒 core box6.4.2 脱落式芯盒 troughed core box6.4.3下芯量具 core setting scale6.4.4下芯夹具 core jig6.4.5烘芯板 core drying plate6.5砂箱6.5.1 砂箱 flask, molding box6.5.2 箱带（箱挡） flask bar, cross bar6.5.3 脱箱 snap flask6.5.4 套箱 mold jacket6.5.5套销 hollow pin, stub pin7造型及造芯7.1造型7.1.1造型 molding7.1.2型腔 mold cavity7.1.3铸型（型） mold7.1.4砂型 sand mold7.1.5上型（上箱） cope, top part7.1.6下型（下箱） drag, bottom part7.1.7手工造型 hand molding7.1.8机器造型 machine molding7.1.9自动化造型automatic molding7.1.10分型面 mold joint7.1.11有箱造型 flask molding7.1.12两箱造型 two-part molding7.1.13三箱造型 three-part molding7.1.14不平分型面 stepped joint7.1.15无箱造型 flaskless molding7.1.16脱箱造型 removable flask molding 7.1.17地坑造型 pit molding7.1.18刮板造型 sweep molding7.1.19抛砂造型 impeller ramming, sandslinging molding7.1.20组芯造型 core assembly molding7.1.21假箱造型 oddside molding7.1.22微震压实造型 vibratory squeezingmolding7.1.23高压造型 high pressure molding7.1.24湿砂型（湿型，潮型） green sand mold 7.1.25砂型烘干 mold drying7.1.26干砂型（干型）dry sand mold 7.1.27表面烘干型 skin dried mold7.1.28烂砂泥型 loam mold7.1.29砂床 bed7.1.30过渡角 transition angle7.1.31吊砂 cod7.1.32砂钩 lifter7.1.33负压造型（真空密封造型） vacuummolding7.1.34流态砂造型 fluid sand molding7.1.35漏模 pattern stripping7.1.36填砂 mold-filling7.1.37紧实（紧砂，舂砂） ramming7.1.38震实 jolt ramming7.1.39压实 squeezing ramming7.1.40紧实度 degree of ramming7.1.41二氧化碳法造型 CO2 process7.1.42自硬砂造型 self-hardening sandmolding7.1.43塞砂 tucking7.1.44刮砂 strike-off7.1.45造型生产线 molding line7.1.46刷水 swabbing7.1.47敲模 rapping7.1.48起模（拔模） stripping7.1.49扎出气孔 venting7.1.50排气道 venting channel7.1.51修型 patching7.1.52冷铁 densener, chill7.1.53外冷铁 surface densener7.1.54内冷铁 internal densener7.1.55验型（验箱） trial closing7.1.56合型（合箱，组型） mold assembling,closing7.2造芯7.2.1造芯（制芯） core making7.2.2芯（芯子） core7.2.3 芯骨 core rod, core scab7.2.4 油砂芯 oil sand core7.2.5 预制芯 embeded core, ram up core7.2.6 芯头 core print7.2.7芯座 core print7.2.8芯头斜度 core print taper7.2.9芯头间隙 core print clearance7.2.10壳芯 shell core7.2.11烘芯 core baking7.2.12通气蜡线 vent wax7.2.13冷芯盒法 cold box process7.2.14热芯盒法 hot box process7.2.15芯撑 chaplet7.3造型工具7.3.1 造型工具 hand tools of molding7.3.2 压勺 heart and spoon7.3.3 提沟 cleaner7.3.4 双头铜勺（秋叶） double ended radius sleeker7.3.5镘刀 trowel7.4造型及造芯设备7.4.1 造型机 molding machine7.4.2 压实造型机 squeezing molding machine7.4.3 震击台 bumper7.4.4 振动台 vibrating table7.4.5微震压实造型机 vibratory squeezer7.4.6震实造型机 jolt molding machine7.4.7高压造型机 high pressure moldingmachine7.4.8射压造型机 shooting and squeezingmolding machine7.4.9多触头造型机 equalizing pistonsqueezer7.4.10抛砂机 sand slinger7.4.11起模机 drawing machine7.4.12射砂机 core shooter7.4.13挤芯机 core extruder7.4.14铸型输送机 mold conveyor8铸件落砂及清理8.1落砂及清理8.1.1 落砂 shake-out, knock-out8.1.2 除芯 decoring8.1.3 噴砂清理 sand blasting8.1.4 抛丸清理 shot blasting8.1.5 水力清砂 hydraulic cleaning8.1.6 水砂清砂 hydraulic blast8.1.7清理 cleaning, fettling8.1.8清砂 cleaning8.1.9火焰表面清理 scarfing8.1.10清铲 chipping8.1.11化学清砂 chemical cleaning8.1.12精整 dressing and finishing8.1.13落砂机 knock-out machine8.1.14抛丸清理机 shot blast machine8.1.15清理滚筒 tumbling barrel8.1.16抛丸落砂清理设备 shot blast reclaimingequipment8.1.17悬挂式磨轮 swing frame grinder8.2修补及矫正8.2.1 矫正 coining, straightening8.2.2 焊补 repair welding8.2.3 渗补 impregnation9特种铸造9.1金属型铸造9.1.1 金属型铸造 permanent mold casting, gravity die casting9.1.2 金属型 metal mold9.1.3 金属芯 metal core9.1.4 覆砂金属型 sand-lined metal mold 9.1.5 排气塞 venting plug9.1.6 排气槽 air vent9.1.7 龟裂 heat checking9.1.8 金属型铸造机 gravity die casting machine9.2压力铸造9.2.1压力铸造（压铸） die casting, pressuredie casting9.2.2压铸型 die-casting die, die9.2.3动型 moving die, ejector die half9.2.4定型 fixed die, cover die half9.2.5合型力 clamping force , die lockingforce9.2.6压室 pressure chamber9.2.7鹅颈管 gooseneck9.2.8分流器 spreader, sprue spreader9.2.9顶杆 ejector pin9.2.10溢流槽 overflow well9.2.11压射冲头（压室） injection piston,plunger9.2.12压射比压 injection pressure9.2.13压射速度 injection speed9.2.14保压时间 dwell time9.2.15真空压铸 evacuated die casting,vacuum die casting9.2.16充氧压铸 pore-free die casting9.2.17双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad(accurate?) die casting9.2.18压铸机 die casting machine9.2.19冷室压铸机 cold chamber die castingmachine9.2.20热室压铸机 hot chamber die castingmachine9.2.21镶铸法 insert process9.3离心铸造9.3.1离心铸造 true centrifugal casting9.3.2半离心铸造 semi-centrifugal casting9.3.3离心浇注 centrifugal pressure casting,centrifuge casting9.3.4双金属离心铸造 bimetal centrifugalcasting9.3.5离心铸造机 centrifugal casting machine 9.4熔模铸造9.4.1 失模铸造 lost pattern casting9.4.2熔模铸造（失蜡铸造） fusible patternmolding, lost-wax molding9.4.3压制熔模 fusible pattern injection9.4.4压型 pattern die9.4.5熔模 fusible pattern9.4.6盐模salt pattern9.4.7蜡模 wax-pattern9.4.8模组 pattern assembly9.4.9熔模涂料（浆料） slurry9.4.10面层涂料 investment precoat9.4.11撒砂 stuccoing9.4.12脱蜡 dewaxing9.4.13熔烧 sintering9.5壳型铸造9.5.1壳型铸造 shell molding9.5.2结壳时间 investing time9.5.3结壳温度 investing temperature9.5.4硬化温度 curing temperature9.5.5硬化时间 curing time9.6其它铸造方法9.6.1 陶瓷型铸造 ceramic molding9.6.2 陶瓷型浆料 ceramic slurry9.6.3灌浆 paste pouring9.6.4喷烧 torch firing9.6.5低压铸造 low-pressure die casting9.6.6充型压力 mold filling pressure9.6.7保压压力 dwell pressure9.6.8升液管 stalk9.6.9真空吸铸 suction casting9.6.10差压铸造（反压铸造） counter-pressurecasting9.6.11实型铸造 full mold process, cavitylesscasting9.6.12泡沫塑料模 styrofoam pattern9.6.13磁型铸造（磁丸铸造） magnetic shotmolding process9.6.14凝壳铸造 slush casting9.6.15石膏型铸造 plaster molding9.6.16连续铸造 continuous casting10 铸件质量及铸件缺陷10.1 铸件质量基本术语10.1.1铸件检验 inspection of casting10.1.2铸件质量分析 quality analysis ofcasting10.1.3铸件外观质量 visual quality of casting 10.1.4铸件内在质量 internal quality ofcasting10.1.5铸件使用性能 service ability of casting 10.1.6单铸试块 separated test bar of casting 10.1.7附铸试块 test lug 10.1.8缺陷铸件 defective casting10.1.9废品 reject10.1.10无损检验（无损探伤） nondestructiveinspection10.1.11破坏性试验 destructive testing10.2多肉类缺陷10.2.1飞翅（飞边） joint flash10.2.2毛刺 veining10.2.3抬型（抬箱） cope raise , raised mold 10.2.4胀箱 swell10.2.5冲砂 erosion, cut, wash10.2.6掉砂 drop, crush10.2.7外渗物（外渗豆） sweat10.3孔洞类缺陷10.3.1 气孔 blow hole10.3.2 针孔 pinhole10.3.3 缩孔 shrinkage10.3.4缩松 dispersed shrinkage10.3.5疏松（显微缩松） porositymicroshrinkage10.4裂纹、冷隔类缺陷10.4.1冷裂 cold cracking10.4.2热裂 hot tearing10.4.3热处理裂纹 heat treatment crack10.4.4白点（发裂） flake10.4.5冷隔 cold shut, cold lap10.4.6浇注断流 interrupted pour10.5表面缺陷10.5.1 鼠尾 rat-tail10.5.2 沟漕 buckle10.5.3 夹砂结疤（夹砂） scab10.5.4机械粘砂（渗透粘砂） metal penetration 10.5.5化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on10.5.6表面粗糙 rough surface10.5.7皱皮 elephant skin10.5.8缩陷 depression10.6残缺类缺陷10.6.1 浇不到 misrun10.6.2 未浇满 poured short10.6.3 跑火 run-out, bleeding10.6.4 型漏（漏箱）run-out, bleeding10.6.5损伤（机械损伤）damage10.7形状及重量差错类缺陷10.7.1 拉长 exaggeration of dimension10.7.2 超重 over-weight10.7.3 变形 distortion, warping10.7.4 错型（错箱） shift10.7.5 错芯 core shift10.7.6 偏芯（漂芯） core raised, corelift 10.8夹杂类缺陷10.8.1 夹杂物 inclusion10.8.2 冷豆 cold shot10.8.3 内渗物（内渗豆） internal sweat 10.8.4 渣气孔 scum, slag-blow hole10.8.5 砂眼 sand inclusion10.9性能、成分、组织不合格10.9.1 亮皮 pearlite layer10.9.2 菜花头 cauli-flowering10.9.3 石墨飘浮 carbon floatation10.9.4 石墨集结 kish graphite spot10.9.5 组织粗大 open grain structure10.9.6 偏析 segregation10.9.7 硬点 hard spot10.9.8 反白口 inverse chill10.9.9 球化不良 under-nodularizing10.9.10 球化衰退 degradated spheroidisation 10.9.11 脱碳 decarburization盛年不重来，一日难再晨。
铸造技术名词B5611-8578784
铸造名词术语（GB5611-85）1 基本术语1.1 铸造 foundry, founding, casting1.2铸造工艺 foundry technology1.3铸件 casting1.4砂型铸造 sand casting process1.5特种铸造 special casting process 2合金性能2.1 流动性 fluidity2.2 充型能力 mold-filling capacity2.3 吸气 gas absorption2.4 过冷 undercooling, supercooling2.5 过冷度 degree of undercooling2.6 成核 nucleation2.7 自发成核（均质成核） homogeneous nucleation2.8非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneous nucleation2.9凝固温度范围 solidification range2.10定向凝固（顺序凝固） directionalsolidification2.11液态收缩（液体收缩） liquidcontraction2.12凝固收缩 solidification contraction 2.13固态收缩（固体收缩） solidcontraction2.14凝固时间 solidification time2.15自由收缩 free contraction2.16受阻收缩 hindered contraction2.17铸件线收缩率 shrinkage2.18收缩应力 contraction stress2.19热应力 thermal stress2.20相变应力 transformation stress,phase change stress2.21铸造应力 casting stress2.22残留应力（残余应力） residual stress 3铸造用材料3.1金属原材料3.1.1 金属原材料 metallic raw material 3.1.2生铁 pig iron3.1.3铁合金 ferro-alloy3.1.4回炉料 foundry returns3.1.5中间合金 master alloy3.2燃料3.2.1铸造焦炭 foundry coke3.2.2冶金焦炭 metallurgical coke3.2.3固定碳 fixed carbon3.3熔剂3.3.1 熔剂 flux3.3.2 除气熔剂（除气剂） degassing flux 3.3.3 覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂） covering flux 3.3.4 精炼熔剂（精炼剂） refining flux 3.4耐火材料3.4.1耐火度（耐火性） refractoriness 3.4.2耐火砖 firebrick3.4.3耐火粘土 fireclay3.4.4硅砖 silica brick3.4.5镁砂 grain magnesite3.5 造型材料3.5.1 造型材料 molding material3.5.2 砂 sand3.5.3 水洗砂 washed-out sand3.5.4 硅砂 silica sand3.5.5天然砂 natural sand3.5.6人工砂 artificial sand3.5.7天然粘土砂 naturally clay-bondedsand3.5.8橄榄石砂 olivine sand3.5.9铬铁矿砂 chromite sand3.5.10锆砂 zircon sand3.5.11炭粒砂 carbon sand3.5.12精硅砂 sharp sand3.5.13红砂 red sand3.5.14熟料砂 chamotte sand3.5.15粘结剂 binder3.5.16粘土 clay3.5.17无机粘结剂 inorganic binder3.5.18有机粘结剂 organic binder3.5.19高岭土 kaolin3.5.20膨润土 bentonite3.5.21钠基膨润土 sodium bentonite3.5.22钙基膨润土 calcium bentonite3.5.23活化膨润土 activated bentonite3.5.24干性油 drying oil3.5.25自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bakebinder3.5.26热固树脂粘结剂 thermosetting resinbinder3.5.27油类粘结剂 oil based binder3.5.28水玻璃粘结剂 water glass binder,sodium silicate binder3.5.29纸浆废液 lignin liquor3.5.30合脂粘结剂 synthetic fat binder3.5.31水玻璃模数 sodium silicate modulus 3.5.32Phenolic resin 酚醛树脂3.5.33Furan Resin 呋喃树脂3.6辅助材料3.6.1附加物 additives3.6.2发热剂 exothermic mixture3.6.3分型剂（脱模剂） parting agent,stripping agent3.6.4固化剂（硬化剂）hardener3.6.5悬浮剂suspending agent3.6.6涂料 coatingx3.7砂处理3.7.1型砂制备（砂处理） sand preparation 3.7.2混砂 sand mulling, sand mixing3.7.3型砂（造型混合料） molding sand3.7.4芯砂（造芯混合料） core sand3.7.5合成砂 synthetic sand3.7.6自硬砂 self-hardening sand3.7.7水玻璃砂 sodium silicate-bonded sand 3.7.8覆膜砂 precoated sand3.7.9烂砂泥（麻泥） loam3.7.10调匀砂 temper sand3.7.11面砂 facing sand3.7.12背砂（填充砂） backing sand3.7.13单一砂 unit sand3.7.14含泥量 clay content3.7.15含水量 moisture content3.7.16旧砂 floor sand3.7.17枯砂（焦砂） burnt sand3.7.18废砂 waste sand3.7.19热砂 hot sand3.7.20松砂 aeration , sand-cutting3.7.21筛分（筛析） screen analysis3.7.22旧砂处理 sand reconditioning3.7.23旧砂再生 sand reclamation3.7.24沉降分选 elutriation, decantation3.8型砂性能及试验3.8.1 型砂试验 sand testing3.8.2 透气性 permeability3.8.3 流动性 flowability3.8.4型砂强度 sand strength3.8.5湿强度 green strength3.8.6干强度 dry strength3.8.7耐用性（复用性） durability3.8.8砂型（芯）硬度 mold hardness3.8.9热变形 hot deformation3.8.10残留强度 retained strength3.8.11热强度 hot strength3.8.12韧性 toughness3.8.13发气率（发气速度） gas evolution rate 3.8.14发气性（发气量） gas evolution3.8.15吸湿性 moisture absorption3.8.16落砂性 knock-out capability3.8.17潰散性 collapsibility3.8.18胶质价 colloid index3.8.19破碎指数 shatter index3.9砂处理设备3.9.1热气流烘砂装置 hot pneumatic tubedrier3.9.2混砂机 sand muller, sand mixer3.9.3松砂机 aerator, sand cutter3.9.4冷却提升机 cooling elevator,coolevator3.9.5筛砂机 riddle3.9.6磁力滚筒 magnetic separator3.9.7旧砂再生设备 sand reclamation3.9.8气力输送装置 pneumatic tubeconveyor4铸造合金4.1铸铁4.1.1 铸铁 cast iron4.1.2 铸铁石墨形态 morphology of graphite in cast iron4.1.3 灰铸铁（灰口铸铁） gray cast iron 4.1.4 白口铸铁 white cast iron4.1.5 麻口铸铁 mottled cast iron4.1.6共晶度 degree of saturation4.1.7碳当量 carbon equivalent4.1.8片状石墨 flake graphite4.1.9初生石墨 primary graphite4.1.10孕育铸铁 inoculated cast iron4.1.11球墨铸铁 spheroidal graphite castiron, nodular graphite iron, ductileiron4.1.12球状石墨 spheroidal graphite,nodular graphite4.1.13可锻铸铁 malleable cast iron4.1.14黑心可锻铸铁 black heart malleablecast iron4.1.15珠光体可锻铸铁 pearlitic malleablecast iron4.1.16铁素体可锻铸铁 ferritic malleablecast iron4.1.17白心可锻铸铁 white heart malleablecast iron4.1.18团絮石墨 tempered graphite4.1.19冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁） chilled iron 4.1.20耐磨铸铁 wear resisting cast iron4.1.21耐热铸铁 heat resisting cast iron4.1.22耐酸铸铁 acid resisting cast iron4.1.23高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron4.1.24蠕墨铸铁 vermicular cast iron,compacted graphite cast iron4.1.25蠕虫状石墨 vermicular graphite4.1.26合金铸铁 alloy cast iron4.2铸钢4.2.1 铸钢 cast steel4.2.2 炭素铸钢 carbon cast iron4.2.3 低合金铸钢 low alloy cast steel4.2.4 高锰钢 high manganese steel4.2.5铁素体钢 ferritic steel4.3铸造非铁合金4.3.1 青铜 bronze4.3.2 铅青铜 lead bronze4.3.3 铝青铜 aluminum bronze4.3.4 黄铜 brass4.3.5铝铜合金 aluminum-copper alloy4.3.6铝镁合金 aluminum-magnesium alloy 4.3.7铝硅合金 aluminum-silicon alloy4.3.8镁合金 magnesium alloy4.3.9轴承合金（减摩合金） bearing metal,antifrictional metal4.3.10巴氏合金 babbitt alloy4.3.11钛合金 titanium alloy5熔炼工艺及设备5.1熔炼基本术语5.1.1 熔化（熔炼） melting5.1.2 重熔 remelting5.1.3 炉料 charge5.1.4 熔化率 melting rate5.1.5 炉料计算 charge calculation5.1.6 双联熔炼 duplexing5.1.7 元素烧损（元素烧损率） melting losses of various chemical elements5.1.8 熔炼损耗（烧损） total melting loss 5.1.9还原气氛 reducing atmosphere5.1.10氧化气氛 oxidizing atmosphere5.1.11惰性气体 inert gas5.1.12碱度（碱性指数） index of basicity 5.1.13碱性渣 basic slag5.1.14酸性渣 acid slag5.1.15精炼 refining5.1.16遗传性 heredity5.2铸铁熔炼5.2.1 风口比 tuyere ratio5.2.2 有效高度 effective height5.2.3 送风强度 blast intensity5.2.4预热送风 hot blast5.2.5底焦 coke bed5.2.6层焦 coke split5.2.7隔焦（结力焦） buffer coke charge 5.2.8炉衬 furnace lining5.2.9碱性炉衬 basic lining5.2.10酸性炉衬 acid lining5.2.11棚料 bridging5.2.12熔池 bath5.2.13吸碳 carbon pick-up5.2.14铁焦比（焦比） iron-coke ratio5.2.15出渣 deslagging5.2.16打炉 cupola drop5.3铸钢5.3.1 氧化熔炼法 oxidizing melting5.3.2 不氧化熔炼法 dead melting5.3.3 真空熔炼 vacuum refining5.3.4 电渣熔炼 electro-slag melting5.3.5 熔渣 slag5.3.6 沉渣 sludge5.3.7 浮渣 dross, cinder5.3.8 氧化期（沸腾期） oxidizing stage, boil5.3.9还原期 deoxidizing stage, blockingstage5.3.10还原渣 reducing slag5.3.11氧化渣 oxidizing slag5.3.12白渣 white slag5.3.13脱氧 deoxidation5.3.14扒渣 slagging- off 5.3.15脱碳 decarburization5.3.16脱硫 desulphurization5.3.17脱磷 dephosphorization5.3.18增碳 recarburizing5.3.19脱氧剂 deoxidizer5.4非铁金属熔炼5.4.1 挥发损耗 volatilizing losses5.4.2 静置 stewing, holding5.4.3 吹氮 nitrogen flushing5.5熔炼设备5.5.1 冲天炉 cupola5.5.2 水冷冲天炉 water-cooled cupola5.5.3热风冲天炉 hot-blast cupola5.5.4湿法除尘器 wet cap5.5.5炉缸 cupola well5.5.6前炉 forehearth5.5.7冲天炉加料机 cupola chargingmachine5.5.8爬式加料机 skip hoist5.5.9电磁配铁称 electro-magnetic weighingbalancer5.5.10电磁盘 electromagnetic chuck5.5.11电弧炉（直接电弧炉） arc furnace,direct arc furnace5.5.12感应电炉 electric induction furnace 5.5.13电渣炉 electroslag furnace5.5.14电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation5.5.15浇包 ladle5.5.16摇包 shaking ladle5.5.17底注包 bottom pouring ladle5.5.18保温炉holding furnace5.5.19坩埚炉crucible furnace5.6熔融金属处理5.6.1孕育 inoculation5.6.2多孔塞法 porous plug process5.6.3变质 modification5.6.4墨化剂 graphitizer5.6.5过热 superheating5.6.6石墨球化处理 nodularizing treatmentof graphite5.6.7碳当量仪eutectometer5.6.8三角试块 wedge test-piece5.6.9真空除气vacuum degassing5.7浇注5.7.1浇注 pouring5.7.2保护气氛浇注 pouring under controlledatmosphere5.7.3浇注速度 pouring rate5.7.4浇注温度 pouring temperature5.7.5浇注时间 pouring time5.7.6浇注位置 pouring position5.7.7型内孕育 inmold inoculation5.7.8压铁 weight5.7.9捣冒口 churning, pumping5.7.10点冒口（补注） teeming5.7.11浸入式高温计 immersion pyremeter 5.7.12补炉 patching5.7.13炉龄（炉衬寿命） campaign6工艺设计及工艺装备6.1工艺设计6.1.1 铸造工艺设计 mold design6.1.2 铸造工艺装备设计 foundry tools design6.1.3 铸造工艺图 foundry molding drawing 6.1.4 铸件图（毛坯图） drawing of rough casting6.1.5起模斜度（拔模斜度） pattern draft 6.1.6收缩余量shrinkage allowance6.1.7工艺补正量 molding allowance6.1.8加工余量 machining allowance6.1.9吃砂量 mold thickness6.1.10补贴 pad6.1.11分型负数 joint allowance6.1.12铸件尺寸公差 dimensional toleranceof casting6.1.13铸件重量公差 weight allowance ofcasting6.1.14铸件加工基准面 reference face formachining of casting6.1.15铸件表面粗糙度 surface roughness ofcasting6.2浇冒口系统6.2.1 浇注系统（浇口） gating system, running system6.2.2封闭式浇注系统 choked runningsystem, pressurized gating system6.2.3半封闭式浇注系统 enlarged runnersystem6.2.4开放式浇注系统 unchoked runningsystem, non-pressurized gating system 6.2.5浇口盆（外浇口） pouring basin6.2.6浇口杯 pouring cup6.2.7浇口塞 blanking-off plug6.2.8直浇道 sprue6.2.9直浇道窝 sprue base6.2.10横浇道 runner6.2.11筛网芯（滤网芯） strainer core6.2.12内浇道 ingate6.2.13离心集渣浇注系统 whirl gate, dirttrap system6.2.14顶注式浇注系统 top gating system 6.2.15底注式浇注系统 bottom gatingsystem6.2.16阶梯式浇注系统 step gating system 6.2.17雨淋浇口 shower gate6.2.18缝隙浇口 slot gate6.2.19压边浇口 lip runner, kiss runner6.2.20牛角式浇口 horn gate6.2.21热节 hot spot 6.2.22冒口 riser, feeder heed6.2.23冒口效率 riser efficiency6.2.24明冒口 open riser6.2.25暗冒口 blind riser6.2.26侧冒口（边冒口） side riser6.2.27压力冒口 pressure riser6.2.28大气压力冒口 atmospheric riser6.2.29发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-delivered pressure riser6.2.30透气砂芯 pencil core6.2.31冒口颈 riser neck6.2.32冒口根 riser pad6.2.33保温冒口套 heat insulating feedersleeve6.2.34发热冒口套 exothermic feeder sleeve 6.2.35补缩距离 feeding distance, feedingzone6.2.36易割冒口 knock-off head6.2.37易割片（易割芯片） washburn core 6.3模样6.3.1铸造工艺装备 foundry tools andequipment6.3.2模样（铸模，模） pattern6.3.3母模 master pattern6.3.4金属模 metal pattern6.3.5骨架模 skeleton pattern6.3.6石膏模 plaster pattern6.3.7塑料模 plastic pattern6.3.8整体模 one-piece pattern6.3.9分开模 parted pattern, split pattern 6.3.10活块 loose piece6.3.11模板 pattern plate6.3.12模底板 pattern mounting plate6.3.13单面模板 single face pattern plate 6.3.14双面模板 match plate6.3.15放样（伸图） hot dimensionaldrawing6.3.16缩尺（模样工缩尺） shrinkage rule,pattern-maker’s rule6.4芯盒6.4.1 芯盒 core box6.4.2 脱落式芯盒 troughed core box6.4.3下芯量具 core setting scale6.4.4下芯夹具 core jig6.4.5烘芯板 core drying plate6.5砂箱6.5.1 砂箱 flask, molding box6.5.2 箱带（箱挡） flask bar, cross bar 6.5.3 脱箱 snap flask6.5.4 套箱 mold jacket6.5.5套销 hollow pin, stub pin7造型及造芯7.1造型7.1.1造型 molding7.1.2型腔 mold cavity7.1.3铸型（型） mold7.1.4砂型 sand mold7.1.5上型（上箱） cope, top part7.1.6下型（下箱） drag, bottom part7.1.7手工造型 hand molding7.1.8机器造型 machine molding7.1.9自动化造型 automatic molding7.1.10分型面 mold joint7.1.11有箱造型 flask molding7.1.12两箱造型 two-part molding7.1.13三箱造型 three-part molding7.1.14不平分型面 stepped joint7.1.15无箱造型 flaskless molding7.1.16脱箱造型 removable flask molding 7.1.17地坑造型 pit molding7.1.18刮板造型 sweep molding7.1.19抛砂造型 impeller ramming, sandslinging molding7.1.20组芯造型 core assembly molding7.1.21假箱造型 oddside molding7.1.22微震压实造型 vibratory squeezingmolding7.1.23高压造型 high pressure molding7.1.24湿砂型（湿型，潮型） green sandmold7.1.25砂型烘干 mold drying7.1.26干砂型（干型）dry sand mold7.1.27表面烘干型 skin dried mold7.1.28烂砂泥型 loam mold7.1.29砂床 bed7.1.30过渡角 transition angle7.1.31吊砂 cod7.1.32砂钩 lifter7.1.33负压造型（真空密封造型） vacuummolding7.1.34流态砂造型 fluid sand molding7.1.35漏模 pattern stripping7.1.36填砂 mold-filling7.1.37紧实（紧砂，舂砂） ramming7.1.38震实 jolt ramming7.1.39压实 squeezing ramming7.1.40紧实度 degree of ramming7.1.41二氧化碳法造型 CO2 process7.1.42自硬砂造型 self-hardening sandmolding7.1.43塞砂 tucking7.1.44刮砂 strike-off7.1.45造型生产线 molding line7.1.46刷水 swabbing7.1.47敲模 rapping7.1.48起模（拔模） stripping7.1.49扎出气孔 venting7.1.50排气道 venting channel 7.1.51修型 patching7.1.52冷铁 densener, chill7.1.53外冷铁 surface densener7.1.54内冷铁 internal densener7.1.55验型（验箱） trial closing7.1.56合型（合箱，组型） moldassembling, closing7.2造芯7.2.1造芯（制芯） core making7.2.2芯（芯子） core7.2.3 芯骨 core rod, core scab7.2.4 油砂芯 oil sand core7.2.5 预制芯 embeded core, ram up core 7.2.6 芯头 core print7.2.7芯座 core print7.2.8芯头斜度 core print taper7.2.9芯头间隙 core print clearance 7.2.10壳芯 shell core7.2.11烘芯 core baking7.2.12通气蜡线 vent wax7.2.13冷芯盒法 cold box process7.2.14热芯盒法 hot box process7.2.15芯撑 chaplet7.3造型工具7.3.1 造型工具 hand tools of molding 7.3.2 压勺 heart and spoon7.3.3 提沟 cleaner7.3.4 双头铜勺（秋叶） double ended radius sleeker7.3.5镘刀 trowel7.4造型及造芯设备7.4.1 造型机 molding machine7.4.2 压实造型机 squeezing molding machine7.4.3 震击台 bumper7.4.4 振动台 vibrating table7.4.5微震压实造型机 vibratory squeezer 7.4.6震实造型机 jolt molding machine 7.4.7高压造型机 high pressure moldingmachine7.4.8射压造型机 shooting and squeezingmolding machine7.4.9多触头造型机 equalizing pistonsqueezer7.4.10抛砂机 sand slinger7.4.11起模机 drawing machine7.4.12射砂机 core shooter7.4.13挤芯机 core extruder7.4.14铸型输送机 mold conveyor8铸件落砂及清理8.1落砂及清理8.1.1 落砂 shake-out, knock-out8.1.2 除芯 decoring8.1.3 噴砂清理 sand blasting8.1.4 抛丸清理 shot blasting8.1.5 水力清砂 hydraulic cleaning8.1.6 水砂清砂 hydraulic blast8.1.7清理 cleaning, fettling8.1.8清砂 cleaning8.1.9火焰表面清理 scarfing8.1.10清铲 chipping8.1.11化学清砂 chemical cleaning8.1.12精整 dressing and finishing8.1.13落砂机 knock-out machine8.1.14抛丸清理机 shot blast machine8.1.15清理滚筒 tumbling barrel8.1.16抛丸落砂清理设备 shot blastreclaiming equipment8.1.17悬挂式磨轮 swing frame grinder8.2修补及矫正8.2.1 矫正 coining, straightening8.2.2 焊补 repair welding8.2.3 渗补 impregnation9特种铸造9.1金属型铸造9.1.1 金属型铸造 permanent mold casting, gravity die casting9.1.2 金属型 metal mold9.1.3 金属芯 metal core9.1.4 覆砂金属型 sand-lined metal mold 9.1.5 排气塞 venting plug9.1.6 排气槽 air vent9.1.7 龟裂 heat checking9.1.8 金属型铸造机 gravity die casting machine9.2压力铸造9.2.1压力铸造（压铸） die casting,pressure die casting9.2.2压铸型 die-casting die, die9.2.3动型 moving die, ejector die half9.2.4定型 fixed die, cover die half9.2.5合型力 clamping force , die lockingforce9.2.6压室 pressure chamber9.2.7鹅颈管 gooseneck9.2.8分流器 spreader, sprue spreader9.2.9顶杆 ejector pin9.2.10溢流槽 overflow well9.2.11压射冲头（压室） injection piston,plunger9.2.12压射比压 injection pressure9.2.13压射速度 injection speed9.2.14保压时间 dwell time9.2.15真空压铸 evacuated die casting,vacuum die casting9.2.16充氧压铸 pore-free die casting9.2.17双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad(accurate?) die casting 9.2.18压铸机 die casting machine9.2.19冷室压铸机 cold chamber die castingmachine9.2.20热室压铸机 hot chamber die castingmachine9.2.21镶铸法 insert process9.3离心铸造9.3.1离心铸造 true centrifugal casting9.3.2半离心铸造 semi-centrifugal casting 9.3.3离心浇注 centrifugal pressure casting,centrifuge casting9.3.4双金属离心铸造 bimetal centrifugalcasting9.3.5离心铸造机 centrifugal castingmachine9.4熔模铸造9.4.1 失模铸造 lost pattern casting9.4.2熔模铸造（失蜡铸造） fusible patternmolding, lost-wax molding9.4.3压制熔模 fusible pattern injection9.4.4压型 pattern die9.4.5熔模 fusible pattern9.4.6盐模salt pattern9.4.7蜡模 wax-pattern9.4.8模组 pattern assembly9.4.9熔模涂料（浆料） slurry9.4.10面层涂料 investment precoat9.4.11撒砂 stuccoing9.4.12脱蜡 dewaxing9.4.13熔烧 sintering9.5壳型铸造9.5.1壳型铸造 shell molding9.5.2结壳时间 investing time9.5.3结壳温度 investing temperature9.5.4硬化温度 curing temperature9.5.5硬化时间 curing time9.6其它铸造方法9.6.1 陶瓷型铸造 ceramic molding9.6.2 陶瓷型浆料 ceramic slurry9.6.3灌浆 paste pouring9.6.4喷烧 torch firing9.6.5低压铸造 low-pressure die casting9.6.6充型压力 mold filling pressure9.6.7保压压力 dwell pressure9.6.8升液管 stalk9.6.9真空吸铸 suction casting9.6.10差压铸造（反压铸造） counter-pressure casting9.6.11实型铸造 full mold process, cavitylesscasting9.6.12泡沫塑料模 styrofoam pattern9.6.13磁型铸造（磁丸铸造） magnetic shotmolding process9.6.14凝壳铸造 slush casting9.6.15石膏型铸造 plaster molding9.6.16连续铸造 continuous casting10 铸件质量及铸件缺陷10.1 铸件质量基本术语10.1.1铸件检验 inspection of casting10.1.2铸件质量分析 quality analysis ofcasting10.1.3铸件外观质量 visual quality ofcasting10.1.4铸件内在质量 internal quality ofcasting10.1.5铸件使用性能 service ability ofcasting10.1.6单铸试块 separated test bar ofcasting10.1.7附铸试块 test lug10.1.8缺陷铸件 defective casting10.1.9废品 reject10.1.10无损检验（无损探伤）nondestructive inspection10.1.11破坏性试验 destructive testing10.2多肉类缺陷10.2.1飞翅（飞边） joint flash10.2.2毛刺 veining10.2.3抬型（抬箱） cope raise , raised mold 10.2.4胀箱 swell10.2.5冲砂 erosion, cut, wash10.2.6掉砂 drop, crush10.2.7外渗物（外渗豆） sweat10.3孔洞类缺陷10.3.1 气孔 blow hole10.3.2 针孔 pinhole10.3.3 缩孔 shrinkage10.3.4缩松 dispersed shrinkage10.3.5疏松（显微缩松） porositymicroshrinkage10.4裂纹、冷隔类缺陷10.4.1冷裂 cold cracking10.4.2热裂 hot tearing10.4.3热处理裂纹 heat treatment crack 10.4.4白点（发裂） flake10.4.5冷隔 cold shut, cold lap10.4.6浇注断流 interrupted pour10.5表面缺陷10.5.1 鼠尾 rat-tail10.5.2 沟漕 buckle10.5.3 夹砂结疤（夹砂） scab10.5.4机械粘砂（渗透粘砂） metalpenetration10.5.5化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on10.5.6表面粗糙 rough surface10.5.7皱皮 elephant skin10.5.8缩陷 depression10.6残缺类缺陷10.6.1 浇不到 misrun10.6.2 未浇满 poured short10.6.3 跑火 run-out, bleeding10.6.4 型漏（漏箱）run-out, bleeding 10.6.5损伤（机械损伤）damage10.7形状及重量差错类缺陷10.7.1 拉长 exaggeration of dimension 10.7.2 超重 over-weight10.7.3 变形 distortion, warping10.7.4 错型（错箱） shift10.7.5 错芯 core shift10.7.6 偏芯（漂芯） core raised, corelift 10.8夹杂类缺陷10.8.1 夹杂物 inclusion10.8.2 冷豆 cold shot10.8.3 内渗物（内渗豆） internal sweat 10.8.4 渣气孔 scum, slag-blow hole10.8.5 砂眼 sand inclusion10.9性能、成分、组织不合格10.9.1 亮皮 pearlite layer10.9.2 菜花头 cauli-flowering10.9.3 石墨飘浮 carbon floatation10.9.4 石墨集结 kish graphite spot 10.9.5 组织粗大 open grain structure 10.9.6 偏析 segregation10.9.7 硬点 hard spot10.9.8 反白口 inverse chill10.9.9 球化不良 under-nodularizing 10.9.10 球化衰退 degradated spheroidisationCollapsibility 退让性10.9.11 脱碳 decarburization定位点 anchor point凸轮轴 tumbling shaft曲轴 crank shaft主轴 principal shaft镗杆, 铣刀轴, 刀杆轴, 刀具轴 cutter spindle曲轴箱 crankcase球化剂 nodulizer nodularisers定位销定位键 locator key试验样品 pilot sample对刀仪 tool pre-setterEutectic 共晶Steadite 磷化物共晶体3Are chemistries checked prior to tap out? Annealing 退火Quench 淬火 Tempering 回火Normalizing 正火Dendrite树枝状结晶Alcohol radical core wash/moldwash 醇基涂料Fixture 卡具Embrittled 脆化目 mesh, gritPrecipitation析出cleavage fractureintergranular embrittlementcoarsening of precipitatesembrittled castingnucleate 成核affinity 亲和力austenitize [冶]奥氏体化austenitic [冶]奥氏体的austenite grain size奥氏体结晶粒度retained austenite残留[残余]奥氏体Coarsening (晶粒)长大，粗化carbon equivalent 碳当量detrimental tramp elements such as lead, bismuth, antimony, titaniumde-nodulariseExothermic sleevesGlossary of Metalcasting TermsThis Glossary of Metalcasting Terms provides the casting designer and purchaserwithpractical definitions of common metalcastingphrases and terms.AQL Acceptable Quality Level. A quality level established on a prearranged systemof inspection using samples selected at random.As-cast condition Casting without subsequent heat treatment.Backing sand The bulk of the sand in the flask. The sand compacted on top of the facing sand that covers the pattern.Binder The bonding agent used as an additive to mold or core sand to impart strength or plasticity in a "green" or dry state. Burn-on sand Sand adhering to the surface of the casting that is extremely difficult to remove.Chaplet A small metal insert or spacer used in molds to provide core support during the casting process.Charge A given weight of metal introduced into the furnace.Chill A metal insert in the sand mold usedto produce local chilling and equalize rate of solidification throughout the casting. Cleaning Removal of runners, risers, flash, surplus metal and sand from a casting. Cold shut A surface imperfection due to unsatisfactory fusion of metal.Cope The top half of a horizontally parted mold.Core A sand or metal insert in a mold to shape the interior of the casting or that part of the casting that cannot be shaped by the pattern.Core assembly An assembly made from a number of cores.Corebox The wooden, metal or plastic tool used to produce cores.Coreprint A projection on a pattern that leaves an impression in the mold for supporting the core.Core wash A liquid suspension of a refractory material applied to cores and dried (intended to improve surface of casting).Crush The displacement of sand at mold joints.Cupola A cylindrical, straight shaft furnace (usually lined with refractories) for melting metal in direct contact with coke by forcing air under pressure through openings near its base.Cure To harden.Die A metal form used as a permanent mold for die casting or for a wax pattern in investment casting.Dowel A pin of various types used in the parting surface of parted patterns or dies to assure correct registry.Draft Taper on the vertical sides of a pattern or corebox that permits the core or sand mold to be removed without distorting or tearing of the sand.Drag The bottom half of a horizontally parted mold.Ejector pins Movable pins in pattern dies that help remove patterns from the die. Facing sand The sand used to surround the pattern that produces the surface in contact with the molten metal.Feeder Sometimes referred to as a "riser," it is part of the gating system that forms the reservoir of molten metal necessary to compensate for losses due to shrinkage as the metal solidifies.Finish allowance The amount of stock left on the surface of a casting for machining. Finish mark A symbol (f, fl, f2, etc.) appearing on the line of a drawing that represents the edge of the surface of the casting to be machined or otherwise finished.Flask A rigid metal or wood frame used to hold the sand of which a mold is formed and usually consisting of two parts, cope and drag.Foundry returns Metal (of known composition) in the form of gates, sprues, runners, risers and scrapped castings returned to the furnace for remelting.Gas porosity A condition existing in a casting caused by the trapping of gas in the molten metal or by mold gases evolved during the pouring of the casting.Gate (ingate) The portion of the runner where the molten metal enters the mold cavity.Green sand Moist clay-bonded molding sand.Heat A single furnace charge of metal. Heat treatment A combination of heating and cooling operations timed and applied to a metal or alloy in the solid state in a manner that will produce desired mechanical properties.Hotbox process A resin-based process that uses heated metal coreboxes to produce cores.Hot tear Irregularly shaped fracture in a casting resulting from stresses set up by steep thermal gradients within the casting during solidification.Inclusions Particles of slag, refractory materials, sand or deoxidation products trapped in the casting during pouring solidification. Investment casting A pattern casting process in which a wax or thermoplastic pattern is used. The pattern is invested (surrounded) by a refractory slurry. After the mold is dry, the pattern is melted or burned out of the mold cavity, and molten metal is poured into the resulting cavity.Ladle A container used to transfer molten metal from the furnace to the mold. Locating pad A projection on a casting that helps maintain alignment of the casting for machining operations.Locating surface A casting surface to be used as a basis for measurement in making secondary machining operations.Master pattern The object from which a die can be made; generally a metal model of the part to be cast with process shrinkage added.Mechanical properties Those properties of a material that reveal the elastic and inelastic properties when force is applied. This term should not be used interchangeably with "physical properties." Metal lot A master heat that has been approved for casting and given a sequential number by the foundry.Mold Normally consists of a top and bottom form, made of sand, metal or any other investment material. It contains the cavity into which molten metal is poured to produce a casting of definite shape.Mold cavity The impression in a mold produced by removal of the pattern. It is filled with molten metal to form the casting. Mold coating (See core wash.)Nobake process Molds/cores produced with a resin-bonded air-setting sand. Also known as the airset process because molds are left to harden under normal atmospheric conditions.Parting line The line showing the separation of the two halves of the mold. Pattern The wood, metal, foam or plastic shape used to form the cavity in the sand. A pattern may consist of one or manyimpressions and would normally be mounted on a board or plate complete with a runner system.Pattern draft The taper allowed on the vertical faces of a pattern to permit easy withdrawal of the pattern from the mold or die. (See draft.)Pattern layout Full-sized drawing of a pattern showing its arrangement and structural features.Patternmaker's shrinkage The shrinkage allowance made on all patterns to compensate for the change in dimensions as the solidified casting cools in the mold from freezing temperature of the metal to room temperature. The pattern is made larger by the amount of shrinkage characteristic of the particular metal in the casting and the amount of resulting contraction to be encountered. Permeability The property of a mold material to allow passage of mold/core gases during the pouring of molten metal. Physical properties Properties of matter such as density, electrical and thermal conductivity, expansion and specific heat. This term should not be used interchangeably with "mechanical properties."Pig iron Blocks of iron to a known metal chemical analysis that are used for melting (with suitable additions of scrap, etc.) for the production of ferrous castings.Pilot or sample casting A casting made from a pattern produced in a production die to check the accuracy of dimensions and quality of castings that will be made. Porosity Holes in the casting due to: gases trapped in the mold, the reaction of molten metal with moisture in the molding sand, or the imperfect fusion of chaplets with molten metal.Recovery rate Ratio of the number of saleable parts to the total number of parts manufactured, expressed as a percentage. Refractory Heat-resistant ceramic material. Reject rate Ratio of the number of parts scrapped to the total number of parts manufactured, expressed as a percentage. Riser (See feeder.)Runner system or gating The set of channels in a mold through which molten metal is poured to fill the mold cavity. The system normally consists of a vertical section (downgate or sprue) to the point where it joins the mold cavity (gate) and leads from the mold cavity through vertical channels (risers or feeders) (Fig. 3).Sand inclusions Cavities or surface imperfections on a casting caused by sand washing into the mold cavity.Scrap (a) Any scrap metal melted (usually with suitable additions of pig iron or ingots) to produce castings; (b) reject castings. Shakeout The process of separating the solidified casting from the mold material. Shrinkage Contraction of metal in the mold during solidification. The term also is used to describe the casting defect, such as shrinkage cavity, which results from poor design, insufficient metal feed or inadequate feeding.Slag A fused nonmetallic material that protects molten metal from the air and extracts certain impurities from the melt. Slag inclusions Casting surface imperfections similar to sand inclusions but containing impurities from the charge materials, silica and clay eroded from the refractory lining, and ash from the fuel during the melting process. May also originate from metal-refractory reactions occurring in the ladle during pouring of the casting.Slurry A flowable mixture of refractory particles suspended in a liquid.Sodium silicate/CO2 process Molding sand is mixed with sodium silicate and the mold is gassed with CO2 gas to produce a hard mold or core.。
铸造中英文对照表
铸造合金熔炼
1 铸造合金
铸造术语（Foundry terminology）--国标GB/T 5611-1998 1999-07-01实施
英文
序 号
铸钢术语
英文
cast alloy
10 高锰钢
austenitic manganese steel, high--
2 共晶合金系
eutectic alloy system
17 蠕墨铸铁
vermicular graphite cast iron, compacted--
27 冷却相变点
Ar transformation temperature
18 白口铸铁
wlization
19 麻口铸铁
mottled cast iron
15 珠光体可锻铸铁 pearlitic malleable cast iron
25 过冷度
degree of undercooling
16 球墨可锻铸铁 spheroidal graphite malleable cast iron
26 加热相变点
Ac transformation temperature
5 共晶团
eutectic cell
14 耐热铸钢
heat resisting cast steel
6 共晶温度
eutectic temperature
15 耐蚀铸钢
corrosion resisting cast steel
7 共晶转变
eutectic reaction, -- transformation
16 石墨铸钢
graphitic steel
8 共晶组织 9 铸造复合材料 10 非晶态合金
铸造术语 中英文对照
一、基本术语1.铸造：casting , founding ，foundry2。
砂型铸造：Sand casting process3.特种铸造：Special casting process4。
铸件：casting5.毛坯铸件：Rough casting6。
砂型铸件: Sand casting7.试制铸件：Pilot casting8。
铸态铸件：as—cast casting9。
铸型[型］: mold10。
铸造工艺：Casting process，foundry technology11。
铸造用材料: Foundry materials12。
铸造工艺材料: Consumable materials13.铸造设备：Foundry equipment，foundry facilities14.铸工：Caster，founder，foundry worker15。
铸造工作者: foundryman16。
铸造车间: Foundry shop17。
铸造厂：Foundry18。
铸造分厂：Attached foundry, captive foundry, tied foundry 19.铸造三废：Foundry affluent20。
一批: A batch21。
一炉： A cast，a heat，a melt22。
铸焊: Cast welding，flow welding23.铸锭：ingot二、铸造合金及熔炼、浇注2.1铸造合金基础术语1。
铸造合金: Cast alloy2。
共晶合金系：Eutectic alloy system3。
共晶合金: Eutectic alloy4。
亚共晶合金：Hypoeutectic alloy5。
过共晶合金：Hypereutectic alloy6。
共晶团: Eutectic cell7。
共晶温度: Eutectic temperature8。
共晶转变：Eutectic reaction，eutectic transformation 9。
常用铸造词汇的中英文对照和解释
常用铸造词汇的中英文对照和解释1. 铸件后处理(post treatment of casting) [ 铸件] 对清理后的铸件进行热处理﹑整形﹑防锈处理和粗加工的过程。
铸件后处理是铸造生产的最后一道工序。
2. 铸件清理(cleaning of casting) [ 铸件] 将铸件从铸型中取出﹐清除掉本体以外的多余部分﹐并打磨精整铸件内外表面的过程。
主要工作有清除型芯和芯铁。
3. 铸造有色合金(cast non ferrous alloy) [ 铸造合金] 用以浇注铸件的有色合金(见有色金属)﹐是铸造合金中的一类。
主要有铸造铜合金﹑铸造铝合金﹑铸造镁合金等。
4. 浇注系统(gating system) [ 铸型] 为将液态金属引入铸型型腔而在铸型内开设的信道。
包括﹕浇口杯，直浇道，横浇道，内浇道。
5. 模样(pattern) [ 铸型] 仿真铸件形状形成铸型型腔的工艺装备或易耗件。
为保证形成符合要求的型腔﹐模样应具有足够的强度﹑刚度。
6. 冒口(riser) [ 铸型] 为避免铸件出现缺陷而附加在铸件上方或侧面的补充部分。
在铸型中﹐冒口的型腔是存贮液态金属的容器。
7. 芯盒(core box) [ 铸型] 将芯砂制成型芯的工艺装备。
可由木材﹑塑料﹑金属或其它材料制成。
8. 芯砂(core sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中用于制造型芯的材料﹐一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成9. 型砂(molding sand) [ 造型材料] 在砂型铸造中用来造型的材料。
型砂一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成。
$10. 型砂粘结剂(molding sand binder) [ 造型材料] 将松散的铸造砂粘结在一起使之成为型砂或芯砂的造型材料。
11. 再生砂(reclaimed sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中经过处理基本上恢复了使用性能可以回用的旧砂。
铸造名词术语(中英对照,GB5611-85)
3.5.23. 旧砂 floor sand
3.5.24. 枯砂（焦砂） burnt sand
3.5.25. 废砂 waste sand
3.5.26. 热砂 hot sand
3.5.27. 松砂 aeration , sand-cutting
2.9. 凝固温度范围 solidification range
2.10. 定向凝固（顺序凝固） directional
solidification
2.11. 液态收缩（液体收缩） liquid
contraction
2.12. 凝固收缩 solidification contraction
4.1.16. 铁素体可锻铸铁 ferritic malleable cast iron
4.1.17. 白心可锻铸铁 white heart malleable cast iron
4.1.18. 团絮石墨 tempered graphite
4.1.19. 冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁） chilled iron
2.3. 吸气 gas absorption
2.4. 过冷 undercooling, supercooling
2.5. 过冷度 degree of undercooling
2.6. 成核 nucleation
2.7. 自发成核（均质成核） homogeneous
nucleation
2.8. 非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneous nucleation
2.13. 固态收缩（固体收缩） solid contraction
2.14. 凝固时间 solidification time
铸造名词术语GB5611-85
铸造名词术语（GB5611-85）1 基本术语1.1 铸造 foundry, founding, casting1.2铸造工艺 foundry technology1.3铸件 casting1.4砂型铸造 sand casting process1.5特种铸造 special casting process2合金性能2.1 流动性 fluidity2.2 充型能力 mold-filling capacity2.3 吸气 gas absorption2.4 过冷 undercooling, supercooling2.5 过冷度 degree of undercooling2.6 成核 nucleation2.7 自发成核（均质成核） homogeneous nucleation2.8非自发成核（非均质成核） heterogeneousnucleation2.9凝固温度范围 solidification range2.10定向凝固（顺序凝固） directionalsolidification2.11液态收缩（液体收缩） liquid contraction 2.12凝固收缩 solidification contraction2.13固态收缩（固体收缩） solid contraction 2.14凝固时间 solidification time2.15自由收缩 free contraction2.16受阻收缩 hindered contraction2.17铸件线收缩率 shrinkage2.18收缩应力 contraction stress2.19热应力 thermal stress2.20相变应力 transformation stress, phasechange stress2.21铸造应力 casting stress2.22残留应力（残余应力） residual stress3铸造用材料3.1金属原材料3.1.1 金属原材料 metallic raw material3.1.2生铁 pig iron3.1.3铁合金 ferro-alloy3.1.4回炉料 foundry returns3.1.5中间合金 master alloy3.2燃料3.2.1铸造焦炭 foundry coke3.2.2冶金焦炭 metallurgical coke3.2.3固定碳 fixed carbon3.3熔剂3.3.1 熔剂 flux3.3.2 除气熔剂（除气剂） degassing flux 3.3.3 覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂） covering flux 3.3.4 精炼熔剂（精炼剂） refining flux 3.4耐火材料3.4.1耐火度（耐火性） refractoriness3.4.2耐火砖 firebrick3.4.3耐火粘土 fireclay3.4.4硅砖 silica brick3.4.5镁砂 grain magnesite3.5 造型材料3.5.1 造型材料 molding material3.5.2 砂 sand3.5.3 水洗砂 washed-out sand3.5.4 硅砂 silica sand3.5.5天然砂 natural sand3.5.6人工砂 artificial sand3.5.7天然粘土砂 naturally clay-bonded sand 3.5.8橄榄石砂 olivine sand3.5.9铬铁矿砂 chromite sand3.5.10锆砂 zircon sand3.5.11炭粒砂 carbon sand3.5.12精硅砂 sharp sand3.5.13红砂 red sand3.5.14熟料砂 chamotte sand3.5.15粘结剂 binder3.5.16粘土 clay3.5.17无机粘结剂 inorganic binder3.5.18有机粘结剂 organic binder3.5.19高岭土 kaolin3.5.20膨润土 bentonite3.5.21钠基膨润土 sodium bentonite3.5.22钙基膨润土 calcium bentonite3.5.23活化膨润土 activated bentonite3.5.24干性油 drying oil3.5.25自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bakebinder3.5.26热固树脂粘结剂 thermosetting resinbinder3.5.27油类粘结剂 oil based binder3.5.28水玻璃粘结剂 water glass binder,sodium silicate binder3.5.29纸浆废液 lignin liquor3.5.30合脂粘结剂 synthetic fat binder3.5.31水玻璃模数 sodium silicate modulus 3.6辅助材料3.6.1附加物 additives3.6.2发热剂 exothermic mixture3.6.3分型剂（脱模剂） parting agent,stripping agent3.6.4固化剂（硬化剂）hardener3.6.5悬浮剂suspending agent3.6.6涂料 coating3.7砂处理3.7.1型砂制备（砂处理） sand preparation 3.7.2混砂 sand mulling, sand mixing3.7.3型砂（造型混合料） molding sand 3.7.4芯砂（造芯混合料） core sand3.7.5合成砂 synthetic sand3.7.6自硬砂 self-hardening sand3.7.7水玻璃砂 sodium silicate-bonded sand 3.7.8覆膜砂 precoated sand3.7.9烂砂泥（麻泥） loam3.7.10调匀砂 temper sand3.7.11面砂 facing sand3.7.12背砂（填充砂） backing sand3.7.13单一砂 unit sand3.7.14含泥量 clay content3.7.15含水量 moisture content3.7.16旧砂 floor sand3.7.17枯砂（焦砂） burnt sand3.7.18废砂 waste sand3.7.19热砂 hot sand3.7.20松砂 aeration , sand-cutting3.7.21筛分（筛析） screen analysis3.7.22旧砂处理 sand reconditioning3.7.23旧砂再生 sand reclamation3.7.24沉降分选 elutriation, decantation3.8型砂性能及试验3.8.1 型砂试验 sand testing3.8.2 透气性 permeability3.8.3 流动性 flowability3.8.4型砂强度 sand strength3.8.5湿强度 green strength3.8.6干强度 dry strength3.8.7耐用性（复用性） durability3.8.8砂型（芯）硬度 mold hardness3.8.9热变形 hot deformation3.8.10残留强度 retained strength3.8.11热强度 hot strength3.8.12韧性 toughness3.8.13发气率（发气速度） gas evolution rate 3.8.14发气性（发气量） gas evolution3.8.15吸湿性 moisture absorption3.8.16落砂性 knock-out capability3.8.17潰散性 collapsibility3.8.18胶质价 colloid index3.8.19破碎指数 shatter index3.9砂处理设备3.9.1热气流烘砂装置 hot pneumatic tubedrier3.9.2混砂机 sand muller, sand mixer 3.9.3松砂机 aerator, sand cutter3.9.4冷却提升机 cooling elevator,coolevator3.9.5筛砂机 riddle3.9.6磁力滚筒 magnetic separator3.9.7旧砂再生设备 sand reclamation3.9.8气力输送装置 pneumatic tube conveyor 4铸造合金4.1铸铁4.1.1 铸铁 cast iron4.1.2 铸铁石墨形态 morphology of graphite in cast iron4.1.3 灰铸铁（灰口铸铁） gray cast iron 4.1.4 白口铸铁 white cast iron4.1.5 麻口铸铁 mottled cast iron4.1.6共晶度 degree of saturation4.1.7碳当量 carbon equivalent4.1.8片状石墨 flake graphite4.1.9初生石墨 primary graphite4.1.10孕育铸铁 inoculated cast iron4.1.11球墨铸铁 spheroidal graphite cast iron,nodular graphite iron, ductile iron4.1.12球状石墨 spheroidal graphite, nodulargraphite4.1.13可锻铸铁 malleable cast iron4.1.14黑心可锻铸铁 black heart malleablecast iron4.1.15珠光体可锻铸铁 pearlitic malleablecast iron4.1.16铁素体可锻铸铁 ferritic malleable castiron4.1.17白心可锻铸铁 white heart malleablecast iron4.1.18团絮石墨 tempered graphite4.1.19冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁） chilled iron 4.1.20耐磨铸铁 wear resisting cast iron4.1.21耐热铸铁 heat resisting cast iron4.1.22耐酸铸铁 acid resisting cast iron4.1.23高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron4.1.24蠕墨铸铁 vermicular cast iron,compacted graphite cast iron4.1.25蠕虫状石墨 vermicular graphite4.1.26合金铸铁 alloy cast iron4.2铸钢4.2.1 铸钢 cast steel4.2.2 炭素铸钢 carbon cast iron4.2.3 低合金铸钢 low alloy cast steel4.2.4 高锰钢 high manganese steel4.2.5铁素体钢 ferritic steel4.3铸造非铁合金4.3.1 青铜 bronze4.3.2 铅青铜 lead bronze4.3.3 铝青铜 aluminum bronze4.3.4 黄铜 brass4.3.5铝铜合金 aluminum-copper alloy4.3.6铝镁合金 aluminum-magnesium alloy 4.3.7铝硅合金 aluminum-silicon alloy4.3.8镁合金 magnesium alloy4.3.9轴承合金（减摩合金） bearing metal,antifrictional metal4.3.10巴氏合金 babbitt alloy4.3.11钛合金 titanium alloy5熔炼工艺及设备5.1熔炼基本术语5.1.1 熔化（熔炼） melting5.1.2 重熔 remelting5.1.3 炉料 charge5.1.4 熔化率 melting rate5.1.5 炉料计算 charge calculation5.1.6 双联熔炼 duplexing5.1.7 元素烧损（元素烧损率） melting losses of various chemical elements5.1.8 熔炼损耗（烧损） total melting loss 5.1.9还原气氛 reducing atmosphere5.1.10氧化气氛 oxidizing atmosphere5.1.11惰性气体 inert gas5.1.12碱度（碱性指数） index of basicity 5.1.13碱性渣 basic slag5.1.14酸性渣 acid slag5.1.15精炼 refining5.1.16遗传性 heredity5.2铸铁熔炼5.2.1 风口比 tuyere ratio5.2.2 有效高度 effective height5.2.3 送风强度 blast intensity5.2.4预热送风 hot blast5.2.5底焦 coke bed5.2.6层焦 coke split5.2.7隔焦（结力焦） buffer coke charge 5.2.8炉衬 furnace lining5.2.9碱性炉衬 basic lining5.2.10酸性炉衬 acid lining5.2.11棚料 bridging5.2.12熔池 bath5.2.13吸碳 carbon pick-up5.2.14铁焦比（焦比） iron-coke ratio5.2.15出渣 deslagging5.2.16打炉 cupola drop5.3铸钢5.3.1 氧化熔炼法 oxidizing melting 5.3.2 不氧化熔炼法 dead melting5.3.3 真空熔炼 vacuum refining5.3.4 电渣熔炼 electro-slag melting5.3.5 熔渣 slag5.3.6 沉渣 sludge5.3.7 浮渣 dross, cinder5.3.8 氧化期（沸腾期） oxidizing stage, boil5.3.9还原期 deoxidizing stage, blockingstage5.3.10还原渣 reducing slag5.3.11氧化渣 oxidizing slag5.3.12白渣 white slag5.3.13脱氧 deoxidation5.3.14扒渣 slagging- off5.3.15脱碳 decarburization5.3.16脱硫 desulphurization5.3.17脱磷 dephosphorization5.3.18增碳 recarburizing5.3.19脱氧剂 deoxidizer5.4非铁金属熔炼5.4.1 挥发损耗volatilizing losses5.4.2 静置 stewing, holding5.4.3 吹氮 nitrogen flushing5.5熔炼设备5.5.1 冲天炉 cupola5.5.2 水冷冲天炉 water-cooled cupola5.5.3热风冲天炉 hot-blast cupola5.5.4湿法除尘器 wet cap5.5.5炉缸 cupola well5.5.6前炉 forehearth5.5.7冲天炉加料机 cupola charging machine 5.5.8爬式加料机 skip hoist5.5.9电磁配铁称 electro-magnetic weighingbalancer5.5.10电磁盘 electromagnetic chuck5.5.11电弧炉（直接电弧炉） arc furnace,direct arc furnace5.5.12感应电炉 electric induction furnace 5.5.13电渣炉 electroslag furnace5.5.14电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation5.5.15浇包 ladle5.5.16摇包 shaking ladle5.5.17底注包 bottom pouring ladle5.5.18保温炉holding furnace5.5.19坩埚炉crucible furnace5.6熔融金属处理5.6.1孕育 inoculation5.6.2多孔塞法 porous plug process5.6.3变质 modification5.6.4墨化剂 graphitizer5.6.5过热 superheating5.6.6石墨球化处理 nodularizing treatment ofgraphite5.6.7碳当量仪eutectometer5.6.8三角试块 wedge test-piece5.6.9真空除气vacuum degassing5.7浇注5.7.1浇注 pouring5.7.2保护气氛浇注 pouring under controlledatmosphere5.7.3浇注速度 pouring rate5.7.4浇注温度 pouring temperature5.7.5浇注时间 pouring time5.7.6浇注位置 pouring position5.7.7型内孕育 inmold inoculation5.7.8压铁 weight5.7.9捣冒口 churning, pumping5.7.10点冒口（补注） teeming5.7.11浸入式高温计 immersion pyremeter5.7.12补炉 patching5.7.13炉龄（炉衬寿命） campaign6工艺设计及工艺装备6.1工艺设计6.1.1 铸造工艺设计 mold design6.1.2 铸造工艺装备设计 foundry tools design 6.1.3 铸造工艺图 foundry molding drawing 6.1.4 铸件图（毛坯图） drawing of rough casting6.1.5起模斜度（拔模斜度） pattern draft6.1.6收缩余量shrinkage allowance6.1.7工艺补正量 molding allowance6.1.8加工余量 machining allowance6.1.9吃砂量 mold thickness6.1.10补贴 pad6.1.11分型负数 joint allowance6.1.12铸件尺寸公差 dimensional tolerance ofcasting6.1.13铸件重量公差 weight allowance ofcasting6.1.14铸件加工基准面 reference face formachining of casting6.1.15铸件表面粗糙度 surface roughness ofcasting6.2浇冒口系统6.2.1 浇注系统（浇口） gating system, running system6.2.2封闭式浇注系统 choked running system,pressurized gating system6.2.3半封闭式浇注系统 enlarged runnersystem 6.2.4开放式浇注系统 unchoked runningsystem, non-pressurized gating system 6.2.5浇口盆（外浇口） pouring basin6.2.6浇口杯 pouring cup6.2.7浇口塞 blanking-off plug6.2.8直浇道 sprue6.2.9直浇道窝 sprue base6.2.10横浇道 runner6.2.11筛网芯（滤网芯） strainer core6.2.12内浇道 ingate6.2.13离心集渣浇注系统 whirl gate, dirttrap system6.2.14顶注式浇注系统 top gating system6.2.15底注式浇注系统 bottom gating system 6.2.16阶梯式浇注系统 step gating system6.2.17雨淋浇口 shower gate6.2.18缝隙浇口 slot gate6.2.19压边浇口 lip runner, kiss runner6.2.20牛角式浇口 horn gate6.2.21热节 hot spot6.2.22冒口 riser, feeder heed6.2.23冒口效率 riser efficiency6.2.24明冒口 open riser6.2.25暗冒口 blind riser6.2.26侧冒口（边冒口） side riser6.2.27压力冒口 pressure riser6.2.28大气压力冒口 atmospheric riser6.2.29发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-deliveredpressure riser6.2.30透气砂芯 pencil core6.2.31冒口颈 riser neck6.2.32冒口根 riser pad6.2.33保温冒口套 heat insulating feedersleeve6.2.34发热冒口套 exothermic feeder sleeve 6.2.35补缩距离 feeding distance, feedingzone6.2.36易割冒口 knock-off head6.2.37易割片（易割芯片） washburn core6.3模样6.3.1铸造工艺装备 foundry tools andequipment6.3.2模样（铸模，模） pattern6.3.3母模 master pattern6.3.4金属模 metal pattern6.3.5骨架模 skeleton pattern6.3.6石膏模 plaster pattern6.3.7塑料模 plastic pattern6.3.8整体模 one-piece pattern6.3.9分开模 parted pattern, split pattern6.3.10活块 loose piece6.3.11模板 pattern plate6.3.12模底板 pattern mounting plate6.3.13单面模板 single face pattern plate6.3.14双面模板 match plate6.3.15放样（伸图） hot dimensional drawing 6.3.16缩尺（模样工缩尺） shrinkage rule,pattern-maker’s rule6.4芯盒6.4.1 芯盒 core box6.4.2 脱落式芯盒 troughed core box6.4.3下芯量具 core setting scale6.4.4下芯夹具 core jig6.4.5烘芯板 core drying plate6.5砂箱6.5.1 砂箱 flask, molding box6.5.2 箱带（箱挡） flask bar, cross bar6.5.3 脱箱 snap flask6.5.4 套箱 mold jacket6.5.5套销 hollow pin, stub pin7造型及造芯7.1造型7.1.1造型 molding7.1.2型腔 mold cavity7.1.3铸型（型） mold7.1.4砂型 sand mold7.1.5上型（上箱） cope, top part7.1.6下型（下箱） drag, bottom part7.1.7手工造型 hand molding7.1.8机器造型 machine molding7.1.9自动化造型automatic molding7.1.10分型面 mold joint7.1.11有箱造型 flask molding7.1.12两箱造型 two-part molding7.1.13三箱造型 three-part molding7.1.14不平分型面 stepped joint7.1.15无箱造型 flaskless molding7.1.16脱箱造型 removable flask molding 7.1.17地坑造型 pit molding7.1.18刮板造型 sweep molding7.1.19抛砂造型 impeller ramming, sandslinging molding7.1.20组芯造型 core assembly molding7.1.21假箱造型 oddside molding7.1.22微震压实造型 vibratory squeezingmolding7.1.23高压造型 high pressure molding7.1.24湿砂型（湿型，潮型） green sand mold 7.1.25砂型烘干 mold drying7.1.26干砂型（干型）dry sand mold 7.1.27表面烘干型 skin dried mold7.1.28烂砂泥型 loam mold7.1.29砂床 bed7.1.30过渡角 transition angle7.1.31吊砂 cod7.1.32砂钩 lifter7.1.33负压造型（真空密封造型） vacuummolding7.1.34流态砂造型 fluid sand molding7.1.35漏模 pattern stripping7.1.36填砂 mold-filling7.1.37紧实（紧砂，舂砂） ramming7.1.38震实 jolt ramming7.1.39压实 squeezing ramming7.1.40紧实度 degree of ramming7.1.41二氧化碳法造型 CO2 process7.1.42自硬砂造型 self-hardening sandmolding7.1.43塞砂 tucking7.1.44刮砂 strike-off7.1.45造型生产线 molding line7.1.46刷水 swabbing7.1.47敲模 rapping7.1.48起模（拔模） stripping7.1.49扎出气孔 venting7.1.50排气道 venting channel7.1.51修型 patching7.1.52冷铁 densener, chill7.1.53外冷铁 surface densener7.1.54内冷铁 internal densener7.1.55验型（验箱） trial closing7.1.56合型（合箱，组型） mold assembling,closing7.2造芯7.2.1造芯（制芯） core making7.2.2芯（芯子） core7.2.3 芯骨 core rod, core scab7.2.4 油砂芯 oil sand core7.2.5 预制芯 embeded core, ram up core7.2.6 芯头 core print7.2.7芯座 core print7.2.8芯头斜度 core print taper7.2.9芯头间隙 core print clearance7.2.10壳芯 shell core7.2.11烘芯 core baking7.2.12通气蜡线 vent wax7.2.13冷芯盒法 cold box process7.2.14热芯盒法 hot box process7.2.15芯撑 chaplet7.3造型工具7.3.1 造型工具 hand tools of molding7.3.2 压勺 heart and spoon7.3.3 提沟 cleaner7.3.4 双头铜勺（秋叶） double ended radius sleeker7.3.5镘刀 trowel7.4造型及造芯设备7.4.1 造型机 molding machine7.4.2 压实造型机 squeezing molding machine7.4.3 震击台 bumper7.4.4 振动台 vibrating table7.4.5微震压实造型机 vibratory squeezer7.4.6震实造型机 jolt molding machine7.4.7高压造型机 high pressure moldingmachine7.4.8射压造型机 shooting and squeezingmolding machine7.4.9多触头造型机 equalizing pistonsqueezer7.4.10抛砂机 sand slinger7.4.11起模机 drawing machine7.4.12射砂机 core shooter7.4.13挤芯机 core extruder7.4.14铸型输送机 mold conveyor8铸件落砂及清理8.1落砂及清理8.1.1 落砂 shake-out, knock-out8.1.2 除芯 decoring8.1.3 噴砂清理 sand blasting8.1.4 抛丸清理 shot blasting8.1.5 水力清砂 hydraulic cleaning8.1.6 水砂清砂 hydraulic blast8.1.7清理 cleaning, fettling8.1.8清砂 cleaning8.1.9火焰表面清理 scarfing8.1.10清铲 chipping8.1.11化学清砂 chemical cleaning8.1.12精整 dressing and finishing8.1.13落砂机 knock-out machine8.1.14抛丸清理机 shot blast machine8.1.15清理滚筒 tumbling barrel8.1.16抛丸落砂清理设备 shot blast reclaimingequipment8.1.17悬挂式磨轮 swing frame grinder8.2修补及矫正8.2.1 矫正 coining, straightening8.2.2 焊补 repair welding8.2.3 渗补 impregnation9特种铸造9.1金属型铸造9.1.1 金属型铸造 permanent mold casting, gravity die casting9.1.2 金属型 metal mold9.1.3 金属芯 metal core9.1.4 覆砂金属型 sand-lined metal mold 9.1.5 排气塞 venting plug9.1.6 排气槽 air vent9.1.7 龟裂 heat checking9.1.8 金属型铸造机 gravity die casting machine9.2压力铸造9.2.1压力铸造（压铸） die casting, pressuredie casting9.2.2压铸型 die-casting die, die9.2.3动型 moving die, ejector die half9.2.4定型 fixed die, cover die half9.2.5合型力 clamping force , die lockingforce9.2.6压室 pressure chamber9.2.7鹅颈管 gooseneck9.2.8分流器 spreader, sprue spreader9.2.9顶杆 ejector pin9.2.10溢流槽 overflow well9.2.11压射冲头（压室） injection piston,plunger9.2.12压射比压 injection pressure9.2.13压射速度 injection speed9.2.14保压时间 dwell time9.2.15真空压铸 evacuated die casting,vacuum die casting9.2.16充氧压铸 pore-free die casting9.2.17双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad(accurate?) die casting9.2.18压铸机 die casting machine9.2.19冷室压铸机 cold chamber die castingmachine9.2.20热室压铸机 hot chamber die castingmachine9.2.21镶铸法 insert process9.3离心铸造9.3.1离心铸造 true centrifugal casting9.3.2半离心铸造 semi-centrifugal casting9.3.3离心浇注 centrifugal pressure casting,centrifuge casting9.3.4双金属离心铸造 bimetal centrifugalcasting9.3.5离心铸造机 centrifugal casting machine 9.4熔模铸造9.4.1 失模铸造 lost pattern casting9.4.2熔模铸造（失蜡铸造） fusible patternmolding, lost-wax molding9.4.3压制熔模 fusible pattern injection9.4.4压型 pattern die9.4.5熔模 fusible pattern9.4.6盐模salt pattern9.4.7蜡模 wax-pattern9.4.8模组 pattern assembly9.4.9熔模涂料（浆料） slurry9.4.10面层涂料 investment precoat9.4.11撒砂 stuccoing9.4.12脱蜡 dewaxing9.4.13熔烧 sintering9.5壳型铸造9.5.1壳型铸造 shell molding9.5.2结壳时间 investing time9.5.3结壳温度 investing temperature9.5.4硬化温度 curing temperature9.5.5硬化时间 curing time9.6其它铸造方法9.6.1 陶瓷型铸造 ceramic molding9.6.2 陶瓷型浆料 ceramic slurry9.6.3灌浆 paste pouring9.6.4喷烧 torch firing9.6.5低压铸造 low-pressure die casting9.6.6充型压力 mold filling pressure9.6.7保压压力 dwell pressure9.6.8升液管 stalk9.6.9真空吸铸 suction casting9.6.10差压铸造（反压铸造） counter-pressurecasting9.6.11实型铸造 full mold process, cavitylesscasting9.6.12泡沫塑料模 styrofoam pattern9.6.13磁型铸造（磁丸铸造） magnetic shotmolding process9.6.14凝壳铸造 slush casting9.6.15石膏型铸造 plaster molding9.6.16连续铸造 continuous casting10 铸件质量及铸件缺陷10.1 铸件质量基本术语10.1.1铸件检验 inspection of casting10.1.2铸件质量分析 quality analysis ofcasting10.1.3铸件外观质量 visual quality of casting 10.1.4铸件内在质量 internal quality ofcasting10.1.5铸件使用性能 service ability of casting 10.1.6单铸试块 separated test bar of casting 10.1.7附铸试块 test lug 10.1.8缺陷铸件 defective casting10.1.9废品 reject10.1.10无损检验（无损探伤） nondestructiveinspection10.1.11破坏性试验 destructive testing10.2多肉类缺陷10.2.1飞翅（飞边） joint flash10.2.2毛刺 veining10.2.3抬型（抬箱） cope raise , raised mold 10.2.4胀箱 swell10.2.5冲砂 erosion, cut, wash10.2.6掉砂 drop, crush10.2.7外渗物（外渗豆） sweat10.3孔洞类缺陷10.3.1 气孔 blow hole10.3.2 针孔 pinhole10.3.3 缩孔 shrinkage10.3.4缩松 dispersed shrinkage10.3.5疏松（显微缩松） porositymicroshrinkage10.4裂纹、冷隔类缺陷10.4.1冷裂 cold cracking10.4.2热裂 hot tearing10.4.3热处理裂纹 heat treatment crack10.4.4白点（发裂） flake10.4.5冷隔 cold shut, cold lap10.4.6浇注断流 interrupted pour10.5表面缺陷10.5.1 鼠尾 rat-tail10.5.2 沟漕 buckle10.5.3 夹砂结疤（夹砂） scab10.5.4机械粘砂（渗透粘砂） metal penetration 10.5.5化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on10.5.6表面粗糙 rough surface10.5.7皱皮 elephant skin10.5.8缩陷 depression10.6残缺类缺陷10.6.1 浇不到 misrun10.6.2 未浇满 poured short10.6.3 跑火 run-out, bleeding10.6.4 型漏（漏箱）run-out, bleeding10.6.5损伤（机械损伤）damage10.7形状及重量差错类缺陷10.7.1 拉长 exaggeration of dimension10.7.2 超重 over-weight10.7.3 变形 distortion, warping10.7.4 错型（错箱） shift10.7.5 错芯 core shift10.7.6 偏芯（漂芯） core raised, corelift 10.8夹杂类缺陷10.8.1 夹杂物 inclusion10.8.2 冷豆 cold shot10.8.3 内渗物（内渗豆） internal sweat 10.8.4 渣气孔 scum, slag-blow hole10.8.5 砂眼 sand inclusion10.9性能、成分、组织不合格10.9.1 亮皮 pearlite layer10.9.2 菜花头 cauli-flowering10.9.3 石墨飘浮 carbon floatation10.9.4 石墨集结 kish graphite spot10.9.5 组织粗大 open grain structure10.9.6 偏析 segregation10.9.7 硬点 hard spot10.9.8 反白口 inverse chill10.9.9 球化不良 under-nodularizing10.9.10 球化衰退 degradated spheroidisation 10.9.11 脱碳 decarburization。
常用铸造术语中英对照
常用铸造术语中英对照2021-6-26整理(BY BARRY)Ⅰ.根本术语1.压力铸造die casting2.铸造casting,foundry,founding3.铸件casting4.毛坯铸件rough casting5.试制铸件pilot casting6.试模trial shot7.模具mold,mould8.压铸机die casting machine9.铸造设备foundry equipment,foundry facilities10.铸工caster,founder,foundry worker11.压铸工die carter12.铸造厂foundry13.铸造车间foundry shop14.铸造工作者foundry man15.批〔batch一批:a batch;每批:each batch, per batch);lot16.一炉a cast,a heat,a melt17.焊接welding18.铸造三废foundry effluent19.铸锭ingotⅡ.铸造合金、熔炼和浇注1.铸造合金cast alloy2.铝合金aluminium alloy3.铸造复合材料cast composite4.合金元素alloy element5.杂质元素tramp element6.碳化物carbide7.过热superheating8.过冷supercooling9.熔点melting point10.总碳量total carbon11.碳当量carbon equivalent12.碳当量仪eutectometer13.铝硅合金aluminium-silicon alloy14.压铸合金die cast alloy15.压铸铝合金aluminium diecast alloy16.压铸镁合金magnesium diecast alloy17.熔炼smelting18.熔化率melting rate19.元素增加gain of element20.熔剂flux21.熔池bath22.除气熔剂degassing flux23.覆盖剂covering flux24.炉料charging25.金属炉料metallic charging26.回炉料foundry returns 27.废金属料scrap28.熔渣slag29.沉渣sludge30.浮渣dross,scum,cinder31.造渣slag forming32.出渣deslagging33.出渣口slag hole34.炉衬furnace liner35.出炉口tap hole36.出炉温度tapping temperature37.重熔remelting38.坩埚炉crucible furnace39.保温炉holding furnace40.精炼refining41.真空精炼vacuum refining42.除气degassing43.残料heel44.浇注pouring45.自动浇注装置automatic pouring device46.浇包，料斗(勺)ladle47.转运包transfer ladle48.金属残液heel49.冷金属cold matelⅢ铸造工艺与工艺设备die casting process and process device1.铸造性能castability2.流动性fluidity3.充型能力mold-filling capacity4.充型速度(浇注速度)pouring rate;delivery rate5.充型时间filling time6.浇注温度pouring temperature7.比浇注速度specific pouring rate8.浇注时间pouring time9.凝固solidification10.凝固时间solidification11.收缩contraction;shrinkage12.收缩率shrinkage13.液态收缩liquid contraction14.凝固收缩solidification contraction15.固态收缩solid contraction16.液-固收缩liquid-solid contraction17.自由收缩free contraction18.收缩余量shrinkage allowance19.收缩应力contraction stress20.热应力thermal stress21.铸造应力casting stress22.残留应力(剩余应力)residual stress23.热裂倾向性tendency to hot tearing24.铸造工艺设计casting process design25.铸造工艺计算机辅助设计Computer-aided design for the casting process;casting process CAD26.实体造型constructive solid geometry;solid modeling27.充型分析mold filling analysis28.铸造工艺设备设计foundry tools design29.铸造工艺卡casting process card;foundry process card30.铸型装配图mold assembly drawing31.铸件图(毛坯图)drawing of rough casting32.铸造工艺准备preparation of casting technique33.铸件设计casting design34.铸件基准面reference face for machining of casting35.分型面parting face;(mold joint;mold parting)36.不平分型面irregular parting;(irregular joint;match parting)37.阶梯分型面stepped parting;stepped joint38.浇注位置pouring position39.交接壁intersection40.十字交接X-junction41.圆角fillet42.热节(点)hot spot43.加强筋stiffening ribs44.拨模斜度draft45.型腔mold cavity46.工艺孔technological hole47.浇注系统gating system;running system48.直浇道sprue49.横浇道runner50.内浇口ingate,gate51.溢流槽overflow well52.排气槽air vent53.分流锥sprue spreader;spreaderⅣ压力铸造〔特种铸造〕die-casting1.压铸机die casting machine2.冷室压铸机cold chamber die casting machine3.冷室卧式压铸机(卧式压铸机)horizontal(cold chamber)die casting machine4.冷室立式压铸机〔立式压铸机〕vertical(cold chamber)die casting machine5.热室压铸机hot chamber die casting machine6.真空压铸evacuated die casting;vacuum die casting7.压射injection;shot8.压射机构injection system9.压室injection chamber10.压射冲头injection ram;plunger11.压射速度injection speed12.压射比压injection pressure13.增压pressurization 14.充填率rate of filling15.锁型(合型)die locking16.合型机构(锁型机构)die closing mechanism17.锁型力die locking force;clamping force18.拉杆tie bar;tie rod19.压铸模die;die casting die20.定模(定型)fixed die;cover die half21.动模(动型)moving die;ejection die half22.浇口套sprue bush23.留型时间opening time24.顶出机构ejection mechanism25.顶杆ejector pin26.抽芯机构core puller27.余料biscuit;slug28.压铸涂料coating of diecasting;releaseagent29.充型压力mold filling pressure30.充型速度filling speed31.保压压力dwell pressure32.保压时间dwell timeⅤ压铸后加工及其工具1.喷砂清理sand blasting cleaning2.喷丸清理shot blasting cleaning3.抛丸清理wheel blasting cleaning4.滚筒清理tumbling5.抛丸清理机wheel blasting machine6.除浇口degating;trimming7.除毛刺deburring8.去氧化皮descaling9.打磨grinding10.弹丸shot11.抛丸器shot wheel12.喷丸器shot blaster13.砂轮机grinder14.浸渗处理impregnantion15.浸渗剂impregnant16.矫型rectification;straightening coining;17.外表处理surface treatment18.砂带打磨belt sanding19.钻孔;镗孔boring20.脱脂degreasing21.电镀electroplating;electrostatic coating22.夹具clamp;fixture23.机加工machining24.铣milling25.台式铣床bench milling machine26.数控加工中心CNC27.铸件机加工余量machining allowance of casting28.切削液mineral cutting oil29.抛光polishing30.粗加工rough working31.喷涂painting32.冲孔punching33.外表处理surface treatment34.洗净rinse35.车床lathe36.磨床grinder,grinding machine37.铣床milling machine38.钻床drill press39.刨床planerⅥ检测方式/设备/工具量具inspection equipment/facility1.合格质量水平acceptable quality level(AQL)2.气密性试验air tightness test3.大气暴露试验atmospheric corrosion test4.成分分析试验chemical analysis5.破坏性检测destructive inspection6.非破坏性检测nondestructive inspection7.尺寸检测dimensional test8.硬度试验hardness test9.冲击试验impact test10.逐件检查individual check11.抽样检查sampling inspection12.三座标检测microcode13.耐压试验pressure test14.盐雾试验salt spray test15.盐雾试验机salt spray test machine16.拉力测量机tensile test machine17.平面度检测仪flatness inspection guage18.检漏机leakage test machine19.普通检具normal guage20.抽样检查sampling inspection21.耐气候试验weathering test22.x光探伤x-ray test23.X光机X-ray machine24.塞规plug guage25.丝攻screw tap26.锥度规conical guage27.螺纹塞规thread plug guage28.游标卡尺vernier caliper29.半径规radius guage30.测角器/量角器bevel guage31.测径规,厚簿规calliper guage32.高度尺height guage33.深度尺depth guage34.三座标CMM35.光谱仪spectrographⅦ.包装packaging1.护边edge protection2.中间夹层intermediate layer3.多插入口式托盘multiple-entry pallet4.一次性托盘throw-away pallet5.耐气候wether resistanceⅧ图纸相关Drawing Related1.喷砂清理abrasive cleaning2.研磨剂abrasive3.依据according to/Acc to4.阳极氧化anodic oxidation5.外观appearance6.踏板autowalk pallet7.底座基座基准base8.盲孔blind hole9.气孔,气泡blow hole10.孔径hole diameter11.凸台boss12.基准面datum plane13.模定位面cast locator datum plane14.铸造应变casting strain15.中心孔center bore16.外圆角,倒角chamfer17.内圆角fillet18.同心度concentricity19.平面度flatness20.平行度parallel21.粗糙度roughness22.垂直度perpendicularity23.清洁度cleanness24.符合conform to25.残留物，污物contamination26.抽芯孔,铸孔core hole27.耐腐蚀corrosion resistance28.沉孔counterbore29.盖板cover30.关键尺寸critical dimension31.横切试验cross-cut test32.脱炭decarburize33.拔模斜度draft angle/draft34.导电性electric conductivity35.电动扶梯梯级escalator step36.外径〔大径〕external diameter37.内径(小径)internal diameter38.外螺纹external thread39.加工余量machining allowance40.法兰flange41.披锋flash42.自由状态free state43.通用公差〔未注公差〕general tolerance44.符合in accondance with45.来料检验incoming inspection46.标识indication,marking47.绝缘性isolation characteristics48.金属互化物intermetallic compound49.内螺纹internal thread50.每per51.边缘periphery52.永久伸长permanent stretch53.垂直于perpendicular to54.针孔，销孔pin hole55.平面图plan,plane figure56.磨光剂polish agent57.聚酯纤维polyester58.容许应力proof stress59.剩余应力residual stress60.试生产铸件prototype casting61.质量保证quality assurance62.散热器radiator63.耐磨性resistance to abrasion64.肋；筋条rib65.滚丝攻通roll thread thru66.剖面图section67.模具寿命service life of dies68.螺距pitch69.阴影毛坯区域shaded area cast70.收缩shrink71.缩孔shrinkage porosity72.碎片sliver73.烧伤soldering mark74.标准standard/std.75.强度范围strength division76.分层;剥落stripped mark;peeling77.清理外表;外表加工;外表抛光surface finish78.抗拉强度tensile strength79.未注unless otherwise specified/unspecified/unmarked80.凸纹/直纹vein grain81.壁厚wall thickness82.屈服点yield pointⅨ压铸报价Quotation1.适用检测标准acceptable inspection standard2.压铸附加费additional casting cost3.铸造费用casting cost4.折扣价depreciation expenses5.估价estimated price6.离岸价free on board(FOB)7.到岸价cost insurance freight(CIF)8.信用证letter of credit(LC)9.后加工费finishing cost10.定率法fixed rate method11.先行生产go-ahead of produce 12.铝锭价格ingot price13.插件费insert cost14.检测费inspection cost15.熔炼费melting cost16.制造间接(额外)费overhead manufacturing expense17.附加利益profit added18.废品比例rejection percentage19.废品率standard rejection rate20.报废时价值,剩余价值,剩余价值residual value/scrap value21.机器运转费;机器运营本钱running cost of machine22.卖价selling expense23.销售间接费selling overhead24.寿命service life25.(合金)掺合比例standard alloying ratio26.标准价格standard price27.试铸时间time of trial shot28.总价格total cost29.试铸费trial casting cost30.除浇口费trimming cost31.生产yield32.生产率yield rate33.后加工合格率yield rate of finishing34.熔炼生产率yield rate of melting35.压铸成品率overall yield of castingⅩ压铸质量和缺陷casting quality and defect1.废品reject2.化学成分不合格chemical consistenceabnormal3.飞边joint flash4.毛刺veining;burr5.气孔blowhole6.气泡blister7.气泡bubble8.激冷区chill zone9.冷脆性cold shortness10.冷隔cold shut;cold filling11.裂纹crack12.铸点dot13.花纹flower msrk;stripping for shot blast14.外部材料foreign material。
铸造术语中英文对照
一、基本术语1.铸造：casting , founding , foundry2.砂型铸造：Sand casting process3.特种铸造：Special casting process4.铸件：casting5.毛坯铸件：Rough casting6.砂型铸件：Sand casting7.试制铸件：Pilot casting8.铸态铸件：as-cast casting9.铸型[ 型] ：mold10.铸造工艺：Casting process, foundry technology11.铸造用材料：Foundry materials12.铸造工艺材料：Consumable materials13.铸造设备：Foundry equipment, foundry facilities14.铸工：Caster, founder, foundry worker15.铸造工作者：foundryman16.铸造车间：Foundry shop17.铸造厂：Foundry18.铸造分厂：Attached foundry, captive foundry, tied foundry19.铸造三废：Foundry affluent20.一批： A batch21.一炉： A cast, a heat, a melt22.铸焊：Cast welding, flow welding23.铸锭：ingot二、铸造合金及熔炼、浇注2.1 铸造合金基础术语1.铸造合金：Cast alloy2.共晶合金系：Eutectic alloy system3.共晶合金：Eutectic alloy4.亚共晶合金：Hypoeutectic alloy5.过共晶合金：Hypereutectic alloy6.共晶团：Eutectic cell7.共晶温度：Eutectic temperature8.共晶转变：Eutectic reaction, eutectic transformation9. 共晶组织：Eutectic structure10.铸造复合材料：Cast composite11.定向共晶复合材料：Directional eutectic composite12.非晶态合金：noncrystalline alloy13.合金元素：Alloying element14.杂质合金：Tramp element15.合金遗传性：Alloy heredity16.铸态组织：As-cast structure17.铁碳相图：iron-carbon phase diagram18.碳化物：Carbide19.渗碳物：cementite20.碳化物形成元素：Carbide forming element21.单铸试块：Separated test bar of casting22.附铸试块：test lug23.本体试样：Test specimen from casting itself24.过热：Superheating25.过冷：supercooling, undercooling26.成分过冷：constitutional supercooling27.过冷度：degree of undercooling28.加热相变点 [Ac 相变点 ] ：Ac transformation temperature29.冷却相变点 [Ar 相变点 ] ：Ar transformation temperature30.结晶：Crystallization31.形核[ 成核] ：Nucleation32.均质形核 [ 自发形核 ] ：Homogeneous nucleation33.非均质形核 [ 非自发形核 ] ：Heterogeneous nucleation34.动力形核：Dynamic nucleation35.大冲击形核：Big bang nucleation36.形核剂：nucleant37.形核率：Nucleation rate38.成长：Growth39.内生生长：Endogenous growth40.外生生长：Exogenous growth41.共生生长：Coupled growth42.小平面型生长：Faceted growth43.非小平面生长：nonfaceted growth44.晶体生长界面 [ 界面 ] ：Growth interface of crystal, interface45.吸气（金属）：Gas absorption (metal)2.2 铸钢1.铸钢：Cast steel2.铸造碳钢：Carbon cast steel3.铸造合金钢：Alloy cast steel4.低合金铸钢：Low alloy cast steel5.微量合金化铸钢：Micro-alloying cast steel, trace alloying cast steel6.铁素体铸钢：ferritic cast steel7.奥氏体铸钢：Austenitic cast steel8.不锈钢：Stainless steel9.无磁性铸钢：Non-magnetic cast steel10.高锰钢：Austenitic manganese steel, high manganese steel11.高强度铸钢：High strength cast steel12.超高强度铸钢：Ultra high strength cast steel13.耐磨铸钢：Wear resisting cast steel14.耐热铸钢：Heat resisting cast steel15.耐蚀铸钢：Corrosion resisting cast steel16.石墨钢：Graphitic steel17.铸钢锚链钢：Cast steel for chain cables2.3 铸铁1.铸铁：Cast iron2.合成铸铁：Synthetic cast iron3.共晶铸铁：Eutectic cast iron4.亚共晶铸铁：Hypoeutectic cast iron5.过共晶铸铁：Hypereutectic cast iron6.灰铸铁 [ 片墨铸铁 ] ：Flake graphite cast iron, gray cast iron7. 球墨铸铁 [ 球铁 ] ：ductile iron, nodular graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron8. 高韧性球墨铸铁：High ductility nodular graphite iron9. 中锰球墨铸铁：Medium manganese ductile iron10. 中硅球墨铸铁：Medium silicon nodular iron11.可锻铸铁 [马铁] ：Malleable cast iron12.白心可锻铸铁：White heart malleable cast iron13.黑心可锻铸铁：Black heart malleable cast iron14.花心可锻铸铁：partially graphitized makkeable cast iron15.铁素体可锻铸铁：ferritic malleable castiron16.珠光体可锻铸铁：pearlitic malleable castiron17.球墨可锻铸铁：spheroidal graphite malleable cast iron18.蠕墨铸铁 [ 蠕铁，紧密石墨铁 ] ：Vermicular graphite cast iron, compacted graphite cast iron19.白口铸铁：White cast iron20.麻口铸铁：Mottled cast iron21.奥氏体铸铁：Austenitic cast iron22.贝氏体铸铁：bainitic cast iron23.贝氏体球墨铸铁：bainitic ductile cast iron, austferritic ductile cast iron24.等温热处理球墨铸铁：austempered ductile iron, ADI25.贝氏体白口铸铁：bainitic white cast iron26.针状铸铁：Acicular cast iron27.马氏体铸铁：martensitic cast iron28.铁素体铸铁：ferritic cast iron29.珠光体铸铁：pearlitic cast iron30.索氏体铸铁：sorbitic cast iron31.合金铸铁：Alloy cast iron32.低合金铸铁：Low alloy cast iron33.铬铸铁：Chromium cast iron34.高铬铸铁：High chromium cast iron35.高硅铸铁：High silicon cast iron36.中硅铸铁：Medium silicon cast iron37.高磷铸铁：High phosphorus cast iron38.铝铸铁：Aluminum cast iron39.高铝铸铁：High aluminum cast iron40.镍铸铁：Nickel cast iron41.硼铸铁：Boron cast iron42.高级铸铁：High grade cast iron43.高强度铸铁：High duty cast iron, high strength cast iron44. 工程铸铁：45. 特种铸铁：46. 抗磨铸铁：Engineering cast iron Special cast iron Abrasion resistant castiron47.冷硬铸铁 [ 激冷铸铁 ] ：Chilled cast iron48.耐磨铸铁：Wear resisting cast iron49.耐热铸铁：Heat resisting cast iron50.耐蚀铸铁：Corrosion resistant cast iron51.耐酸铸铁：Acid resisting cast iron52.密烘铸铁：Meehanite cast iron53.孕育铸铁：Inoculated cast iron54.总碳量：Total carbon55.碳当量：Carbon equivalent56.碳当量仪：eutectometer57.共晶度：Carbon saturation degree58.硅碳比：Silicon-carbon ratio59.锰硫比：manganese-sulphur ratio60.铸铁石墨形态：Graphite morphology of cast iron61.片状石墨 [片墨] ：Flake graphite62.球状石墨 [球墨] ：Nodular graphite, spheroidal carbon63.絮团状石墨 [ 退火 t] ：Temper graphite, annealing carbon64.团絮石墨：quasi-spheroidal temper graphite65.蠕虫状石墨 [ 蠕墨、紧密石墨 ] ：Compacted graphite, vermicular graphite66.开花状石墨：Exploded graphite67.初生石墨：Primary graphite68.过冷石墨：undercooled graphite69.共晶石墨：Eutectic graphite70.共晶碳化物：Eutectic carbide71.游离碳：Free carbon72.石墨化：graphitizing73.石墨退火化：graphitizing annealing74.石墨化度：graphitizing grade75.石墨化因子：graphitizing factor76.石墨面积率：Percentage of graphite areahindered graphitizing77. 阻碍石墨化元素：element78. 墨化剂：graphitizer79. 石墨球化处理[球化处理]：nodularizing treatment of graphitepercent of80. 球化率：spheroidization81. 石墨球数 [ 球墨数 ] ：number of nodular graphitesnodulizer,82. 球化剂：nodulizing alloy, spheroidal agent, spheroidizer83.镁焦：magcoke, impregnated coke84.型内球化：in-mold nodularization85.密容加镁包：sealed spheroidizing treatment ladle86.干扰元素：Interference element87.石墨蠕化处理 [ 蠕化处理 ] ：vermiculation of graphite88.蠕化剂：vermicular agent89.蠕化率：percent of vermiculationPurification of90. 铸铁净化：cast iron91. 三角试块：Wedge test-piece2.4 铸造有色合金1.铸造有色合金 [ 铸造非铁合金 ] ：Nonferrous cast alloy2.铸造铝合金：Cast aluminum alloy3.高强度铸造铝合金：High strength cast aluminum alloy4. 铝硅合金：alloy5. 共晶铝硅合金：silicon alloy6. 亚共晶铝硅合金：silicon alloy7. 过共晶铝硅合金：aluminum-silicon alloyAluminum-silicon Eutectic aluminum-Hypoeutectic aluminum-Hypereutectic8. 初生硅：phase9. 共晶硅：phase10. 铝镁合金：alloy11. 铝铜合金：alloy12. 铝锌合金：alloy13. 铝锂合金：alloy14. 铸造铜合金：Primary silicon Eutectic silicon Aluminum-magnesium Aluminum-copper Aluminum-zinc Aluminum-lithium Cast copper alloy15.铸造黄铜：Cast brass16.硅黄铜：Silicon brass17.高强度黄铜：High strength brass18.青铜：Bronze19.锡青铜：Tin bronze20.铝青铜：Aluminum bronze21.铅青铜：Lead bronze22.硅青铜：Silicon bronze23.铸造铜铬合金 [ 铬青铜 ] ：Cast copper-chromium alloy24. 高阻尼铜合金：High damping copper alloy25. 螺旋桨用铸造铜合金：propellerCast copper alloy for26. 铸造镁合金：Cast magnesium alloy27. 铸造锌合金：28. 低熔点合金：Cast zinc alloy Fusible alloys29.轴承合金 [ 减摩合金 ] ：antifrictional alloys, bearing alloys30.巴氏合金：Babbitt metal, white metal31.钛合金：Titanium alloy32.铸造高温合金：cast superalloy33.镍基铸造高温合金：nickel-base cast superalloy34.蒙乃尔合金：monel metal35.钴基铸造高温合金：cobalt-base cast superalloy36.铁基铸造高温合金：iron-base cast superalloy37.压铸合金：diecast alloy38.压铸铝合金：aluminium alloy39.铸压镁合金：magnesium diecast alloy40.压铸铜合金：copper diecast alloy41. 压铸锌合金：zinc diecast alloy42. 锌当量：Zinc equivalent2.5 熔炼基本术语1.熔炼：Smelting2.熔化率：Melting rate3.熔炼损耗 [ 熔损、烧损 ] ：Total melting loss4.挥发损耗：Volatilizing loss5.元素烧损：Melting of alloying element6.元素增加：Gain of element7.熔池：Bath8.溶剂：Flux9.除气剂：Degassing flux10.覆盖剂：Covering flux11.炉料：Charge12.金属炉料：Metallic charge13.中间合金 [ 母合金 ] ：Master alloy14.回炉料：Foundry returns15.废金属料：Scrap16.炉料计算 [配料] ：Charge calculation17.熔渣[ 炉渣] ：Slag18.沉渣：Sludge19.浮渣：Cinder, dross, scum20.碱性渣：Basic slag21.酸性渣：Acid slag22.造渣：Slag forming23.出渣：deslagging24.出渣口：Slag hole, slag notch25.炉衬：Furnace lining26.碱性炉衬：Basic lining27.酸性炉衬：Acid lining28.耐火粘土：Fireclay29.碱度[ 碱性指数 ] ：index of basicity30.补炉：Patching31.炉龄[ 炉衬寿命 ] ：Furnace campaign32.开炉：Blowing in, power on33.炉内气氛：Furnace atmosphere34.炉气分析：Flue gas analysis35.控制气氛：Controlled atmosphere36.炉前分析：On-the-spot sample analysis37.出炉口：Tap hole38.出炉温度：Tapping temperature39. 重熔：remelting40. 真空自耗电弧重熔：Consumable electrode vacuum arc refining41. 喷射冶金：Injection metallurgy42. 区域熔炼：Zone melting43.悬浮熔炼：Levitation melting, suspension melting44.真空熔炼：Vacuum melting45.坩埚炉：Crucible furnace46.坩埚：Crucible, pot47.保温炉：Holding furnace48.反射炉：reverberatory furnace49.感应电炉：Electric induction furnace50.凝壳炉：Skull furnace51.增碳：recarburizing2.6铸钢熔炼1.铸钢熔炼：Smelting of steel2.不氧化熔炼法：Dead melting3.氧化熔炼法：Oxidizing melting4.氧化期[沸腾期]：Oxidizing stage, boil stage5.氧化气氛：Oxidizing atmosphere6.氧化渣：Oxidizing slag7.还原期：Blocking stage, deoxidizing stag8.还原气氛：Reducing atmosphere9.还原渣：Reducing slag10.白渣：White slag11.电弧炉：Electric arc furnace, direct electric arc furnaceBasic electric arc12 碱性电弧炉：furnaceAcid electric arc13. 酸性电弧炉：furnaceElectro-slag14. 电渣熔炼：meltingElectro-slag15. 电渣炉：furnaceAOD process, Argon-16. 氩氧脱碳法 [AOD法] ：Oxygen Decarburization process17.脱碳：decarburization18.脱氧：deoxidation19.脱氧剂：deoxidizer20.脱磷：dephosphorization21.脱硫desulphurization22. 脱硫剂desulphurizer2.7 铸铁熔炼1.铸铁熔炼：smelting of cast iron2.双联熔炼：duplexing smelting3.冲天炉：cupola4.大间距双排风口冲天炉：spacious twin-tuyeres cupola,Twin-wind blast system cupola5. 多排小风口冲天炉：multiple row small tuyeres cupola6. 卡腰冲天炉：Waist shaped cupola7.热风冲天炉：hot blast cupola8.水冷冲天炉：water-cooled cupola9.水冷热风无炉衬冲天炉：hot blast liningless cupola with water cooling10.无焦冲天炉：cokeless cupola11.碱性冲天炉：basic cupola12.酸性冲天炉：acid cupola13.生铁：pig iron14.铸造生铁：foundry pig iron15.焦炭：coke16.铸造焦炭 [ 铸造焦 ] ：foundry coke17.固定碳：fixed carbon18.铁焦比[ 焦比]：iron coke ratio19.底焦：coke bed20.层焦：coke split21.隔焦：extra split22.接力焦：buffer coke charge23.铁合金：ferro-alloy24.有效高度：effective height25.炉缸：cupola well26.前炉：forehearth27 密筋炉胆：ribbed preheating jacket28.出铁槽：cupola spout29.熔化带：melting zone30.风带：air belt, air box, wind box31.风口：tuyere32.风口比：tuyere ratio33.炉壁效应：cupola wall effect34.冲天炉特性曲线：cupola operation chart35.冲天炉炉前控制：front control of molten iron of cupola,inspection in front of cupola36.冲天炉检控仪：tester and controller for cupola melting37.熔化密度：melting intensity38.风量：blast volume39.送风速度：blast intensity40.送风压力：blast pressure41.富氧送风：oxygen enriched blast42.脱湿送风：dehumidification blast43.预热送风：hot blast44.送风预热器：blast preheater45.火花捕集器：spark arrestor46.冲天炉加料机：cupola charging machine47.爬式加料机：skip hoist48.冲天炉自动加料机：automatic cupola charging equipment49.电磁盘：electromagnetic chuck50.电磁配铁秤：electromagnetic weighing balancer51.吸碳：carbon pick-up52.棚料[ 搭棚] ：bridging53.封炉：banking the cupola54.打炉：cupola drop55.碎铁机：breaker2.8金属液处理1.精炼：refining2.真空精炼：vacuum refining3.炉外精炼：ladle refining4.精炼溶剂 [ 精炼剂 ] ：refining flux5.除气[ 起气]：degassing6.真空除气：vacuum degassing7.吹气净化：blow purifying8. 多孔塞法：processporous plug9. 变质：10. 变质剂：agent, modificator modification modification11. 磷变质：modificationphosphorus12. 钠变质：sodium modification13. 长效变质剂：permanent modificator14. 型内变质：in-mold modification15. 孕育：inoculation16. 瞬时孕育[后孕育]：instantaneous inoculation,late stage inoculation, post inculation17. 随流孕育：metal-stream inoculation18. 型内孕育：in-mold inoculation19.浇口盆孕育：pouring basin inoculation20.孕育剂：inoculant, inoculating agent21.孕育期：inoculation period22.孕育衰退：inoculation fading23.孕育不良：abnormal inoculation, under-inoculation24. 合金化处理：treatment25. 喂线法 [ 喂丝法 ] ：feeding process,alloyingCQ process, wirewire injection process26.摇包：shaking ladle27.电磁搅拌：electromagnetic agitation28.静置：holding, stewing29.扒渣：slagging-off30.型内过滤：in-mold filtering31.型内合金化：in-mold alloying32.晶粒细化：grain refinement33. 晶粒细化剂：grain refiner2.9 浇注1.浇注：pouring2.保护气氛浇注：pouring under controlled atmosphere3.真空浇注：vacuum pouring4.自动浇注装置：automatic pouring device5.自动浇注机：automatic pouring machine6.电磁浇注机：electromagnetic pouring machine7.捣冒口：churning, pumping8. 点冒口 [ 补注 ] ：hot topping up, teeming9. 浇包：ladle10. 底浇包：bottom pouring ladle11.转运包：transfer ladle12.金属残液：heel13.冷金属：cold metal14.压铁：weight三、造型材料3.1 基本术语1. 造型材料：molding material2. 铸造用砂 [ 砂] ：foundry sand, sand3. 原砂 [ 新砂 ] ：base sand, new sand, raw sand4. 旧砂：used sand5.回用砂：reconditioned sand6. 再生砂：reclaimed sand]7. 枯砂 [ 焦砂 ] ：burned sand]8. 热砂：hot sand。
铸造名词术语GB5611-85
铸造名词术语( GB5611-85)1 基本术语1.1 铸造foundry, founding, casting1.2 铸造工艺foundry technology1.3 铸件casting1.4 砂型铸造sand casting process1.5 特种铸造special casting process2 合金性能2.1 流动性fluidity2.2 充型能力mold-filling capacity2.3 吸气gas absorption2.4 过冷undercooling, supercooling2.5 过冷度degree of undercooling2.6 成核nucleation2.7 自发成核（均质成核）homogeneous nucleation2.8 非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneous nucleation2.9 凝固温度范围solidification range2.10 定向凝固（顺序凝固）directionalsolidification2.11 液态收缩（液体收缩）liquid contraction 2.12 凝固收缩solidification contraction2.13 固态收缩（固体收缩）solid contraction 2.14 凝固时间solidification time2.15 自由收缩free contraction2.16 受阻收缩hindered contraction2.17 铸件线收缩率shrinkage2.18 收缩应力contraction stress2.19 热应力thermal stress2.20 相变应力transformation stress, phasechange stress2.21 铸造应力casting stress2.22 残留应力（残余应力）residual stress3 铸造用材料3.1 金属原材料3.1.1 金属原材料metallic raw material3.1.2 生铁pig iron3.1.3 铁合金ferro-alloy3.1.4 回炉料foundry returns3.1.5 中间合金master alloy3.2 燃料3.2.1 铸造焦炭foundry coke 3.2.2 冶金焦炭metallurgical coke3.2.3 固定碳fixed carbon3.3 熔剂3.3.1 熔剂flux3.3.2 除气熔剂（除气剂）degassing flux 3.3.3 覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂）covering flux3.3.4 精炼熔剂（精炼剂）refining flux3.4 耐火材料3.4.1 耐火度（耐火性）refractoriness3.4.2 耐火砖firebrick3.4.3 耐火粘土fireclay3.4.4 硅砖silica brick3.4.5 镁砂grain magnesite3.5 造型材料3.5.1 造型材料molding material3.5.2 砂sand3.5.3 水洗砂washed-out sand3.5.4 硅砂silica sand3.5.5 天然砂natural sand3.5.6 人工砂artificial sand3.5.7 天然粘土砂naturally clay-bonded sand3.5.8 橄榄石砂olivine sand3.5.9 铬铁矿砂chromite sand3.5.10 锆砂zircon sand carbon sand sharp sand red sand chamotte sand3.5.15 粘结剂binder3.5.16 粘土clay3.5.17 无机粘结剂inorganic binder3.5.18 有机粘结剂organic binder3.5.19 高岭土kaolin3.5.20 膨润土bentonite3.5.21 钠基膨润土sodium bentonite3.5.22 钙基膨润土calcium bentonite3.5.23 活化膨润土activated bentonite3.5.24 干性油drying oil3.5.25 自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bakebinder3.5.26 热固树脂粘结剂thermosetting resinbinder3.5.27 油类粘结剂oil based binder3.5.28 水玻璃粘结剂water glass binder, sodiumsilicate binder3.5.29 纸浆废液lignin liquor3.5.30 合脂粘结剂synthetic fat binder3.5.31 水玻璃模数sodium silicate modulus3.6 辅助材料3.6.1 附加物additives3.6.2 发热剂exothermic mixture3.5.11 炭粒砂3.5.12 精硅砂3.5.13 红砂3.5.14 熟料砂3.6.3 分型剂（脱模剂）parting agent,stripping agent3.6.4 固化剂（硬化剂）hardener 3.6.5 悬浮剂suspending agent3.6.6 涂料coating3.7 砂处理3.7.1 型砂制备（砂处理）sand preparation 3.7.2 混砂sand mulling, sand mixing3.7.3 型砂（造型混合料）molding sand3.7.4 芯砂（造芯混合料）core sand3.7.5 合成砂synthetic sand3.7.6 自硬砂self-hardening sand3.7.7 水玻璃砂sodium silicate-bonded sand 3.7.8 覆膜砂precoated sand3.7.9 烂砂泥（麻泥）loam3.7.10 调匀砂temper sand3.7.11 面砂facing sand3.7.12 背砂（填充砂）backing sand3.7.13 单一砂unit sand3.7.14 含泥量clay content3.7.15 含水量moisture content3.7.16 旧砂floor sand3.7.17 枯砂（焦砂）burnt sand3.7.18 废砂waste sand3.7.19 热砂hot sand3.7.20 松砂aeration , sand-cutting3.7.21 筛分（筛析）screen analysis3.7.22 旧砂处理sand reconditioning3.7.23 旧砂再生sand reclamation3.7.24 沉降分选elutriation, decantation3.8 型砂性能及试验3.8.1 型砂试验sand testing3.8.2 透气性permeability3.8.3 流动性flowability3.8.4 型砂强度sand strength3.8.5 湿强度green strength3.8.6 干强度dry strength3.8.7 耐用性（复用性）durability3.8.8 砂型（芯）硬度mold hardness3.8.9 热变形hot deformation3.8.10 残留强度retained strength3.8.11 热强度hot strength3.8.12 韧性toughness3.8.13 发气率（发气速度）gas evolution rate 3.8.14 发气性（发气量）gas evolution3.8.15 吸湿性moisture absorption3.8.16 落砂性knock-out capability3.8.17 潰散性collapsibility3.8.18 胶质价colloid index3.8.19 破碎指数shatter index3.9 砂处理设备3.9.1 热气流烘砂装置hot pneumatic tube drier 3.9.2 混砂机sand muller, sand mixer3.9.3 松砂机aerator, sand cutter3.9.4 冷却提升机cooling elevator, coolevator 3.9.5 筛砂机riddle3.9.6 磁力滚筒magnetic separator3.9.7 旧砂再生设备sand reclamation3.9.8 气力输送装置pneumatic tube conveyor4 铸造合金4.1 铸铁4.1.1 铸铁cast iron4.1.2 铸铁石墨形态morphology of graphite in cast iron4.1.3 灰铸铁（灰口铸铁）gray cast iron 4.1.4 白口铸铁white cast iron4.1.5 麻口铸铁mottled cast iron4.1.6 共晶度degree of saturation4.1.7 碳当量carbon equivalent4.1.8 片状石墨flake graphite4.1.9 初生石墨primary graphite4.1.10 孕育铸铁inoculated cast iron4.1.11 球墨铸铁spheroidal graphite cast iron,nodular graphite iron, ductile iron4.1.12 球状石墨spheroidal graphite, nodulargraphite4.1.13 可锻铸铁malleable cast iron4.1.14 黑心可锻铸铁black heart malleablecast iron4.1.15 珠光体可锻铸铁pearlitic malleable castiron4.1.16 铁素体可锻铸铁ferritic malleable castiron4.1.17 白心可锻铸铁white heart malleablecast iron4.1.18 团絮石墨tempered graphite4.1.19 冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁）chilled iron wear resisting cast iron heat resisting cast iron acid resisting cast iron high silicon cast iron vermicular cast iron,compacted graphite cast iron4.1.25 蠕虫状石墨vermicular graphite4.1.26 合金铸铁alloy cast iron4.2 铸钢4.2.1 铸钢cast steel4.2.2 炭素铸钢carbon castiron4.2.3 低合金铸钢low alloycast steel4.2.4 高锰钢highmanganese steel4.2.5 铁素体钢ferritic steel4.3 铸造非铁合金4.1.20 耐磨铸铁4.1.21 耐热铸铁4.1.22 耐酸铸铁4.1.23 高硅铸铁4.1.24 蠕墨铸铁4.3.1 青铜bronze4.3.2 铅青铜lead bronze4.3.3 铝青铜aluminum bronze4.3.4 黄铜brass aluminum-copper alloy aluminum-magnesium alloy aluminum-silicon alloy magnesium alloy4.3.9 轴承合金（减摩合金）bearing metal,antifrictional metal4.3.10 巴氏合金babbitt alloy4.3.11 钛合金titanium alloy5 熔炼工艺及设备5.1 熔炼基本术语5.1.1 熔化（熔炼）melting5.1.2 重熔remelting5.1.3 炉料charge5.1.4 熔化率melting rate5.1.5 炉料计算charge calculation5.1.6 双联熔炼duplexing5.1.7 元素烧损（元素烧损率）melting losses of various chemical elements5.1.8 熔炼损耗（烧损）total melting loss 5.1.9 还原气氛reducing atmosphere5.1.10 氧化气氛oxidizing atmosphere5.1.11 惰性气体inert gas5.1.12 碱度（碱性指数）index of basicity 5.1.13 碱性渣basic slag5.1.14 酸性渣acid slag5.1.15 精炼refining5.1.16 遗传性heredity5.2 铸铁熔炼5.2.1 风口比tuyere ratio5.2.2 有效高度effective height5.2.3 送风强度blastintensity5.2.4 预热送风hot blast5.2.5 底焦coke bed5.2.6 层焦coke split5.2.7 隔焦（结力焦）buffer coke charge 5.2.8 炉衬furnace lining5.2.9 碱性炉衬basic lining5.2.10 酸性炉衬acid lining5.2.11 棚料bridging5.2.12 熔池bath5.2.13 吸碳carbon pick-up5.2.14 铁焦比（焦比）iron-coke ratio5.2.15 出渣deslagging5.2.16 打炉cupola drop5.3 铸钢5.3.1 氧化熔炼法oxidizing melting5.3.2 不氧化熔炼法dead melting5.3.3 真空熔炼vacuum refining5.3.4 电渣熔炼electro-slag melting5.3.5 熔渣slag5.3.6 沉渣sludge5.3.7 浮渣dross, cinder 5.3.8 氧化期（沸腾期）oxidizing stage, boil 5.3.9 还原期deoxidizing stage, blocking stage 5.3.10 还原渣reducing slag5.3.11 氧化渣oxidizing slag5.3.12 白渣white slag5.3.13 脱氧deoxidation5.3.14 扒渣slagging- off5.3.15 脱碳decarburization5.3.16 脱硫desulphurization5.3.17 脱磷dephosphorization5.3.18 增碳recarburizing5.3.19 脱氧deoxidizer5.4 非铁金属熔炼5.4.1 挥发损耗volatilizing losses5.4.2 静置stewing, holding5.4.3 吹氮nitrogen flushing5.5 熔炼设备5.5.1 冲天炉cupola5.5.2 水冷冲天炉water-cooled cupola5.5.3 热风冲天炉hot-blast cupola5.5.4 湿法除尘器wet cap5.5.5 炉缸cupola well5.5.6 前炉forehearth5.5.7 冲天炉加料机cupola charging machine 5.5.8 爬式加料机skip hoist5.5.9 电磁配铁称electro-magnetic weighingbalancer5.5.10 电磁盘electromagnetic chuck5.5.11 电弧炉（直接电弧炉）arc furnace,direct arc furnace5.5.12 感应电炉electric induction furnace5.5.13 电渣炉electroslag furnace5.5.14 电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation5.5.15 浇包ladle5.5.16 摇包shaking ladle5.5.17 底注包bottom pouring ladle5.5.18 保温炉holding furnace5.5.19 坩埚炉crucible furnace5.6 熔融金属处理5.6.1 孕育inoculation5.6.2 多孔塞法porous plug process5.6.3 变质modification4.3.5 铝铜合金4.3.6 铝镁合金4.3.7 铝硅合金4.3.8 镁合金5.6.4 墨化剂graphitizer5.6.5 过热superheating5.6.6 石墨球化处理nodularizing treatment ofgraphite5.6.7 碳当量仪eutectometer5.6.8 三角试块wedge test-piece5.6.9 真空除气vacuum degassing5.7 浇注5.7.1 浇注pouring5.7.2 保护气氛浇注pouring under controlledatmosphere5.7.3 浇注速pouring rate5.7.4 浇注温pouring temperature5.7.5 浇注时pouring time5.7.6 浇注位pouring position5.7.7 型内孕inmold inoculation5.7.8 压铁weight5.7.9 捣冒口churning, pumping5.7.10 点冒口（补注）teeming5.7.11 浸入式高温计immersion pyremeter5.7.12 补炉patching5.7.13 炉龄（炉衬寿命）campaign6 工艺设计及工艺装备6.1 工艺设计6.1.1 铸造工艺设计mold design6.1.2 铸造工艺装备设计foundry tools design 6.1.3 铸造工艺图foundry molding drawing6.1.4 铸件图（毛坯图）drawing of rough casting6.1.5 起模斜度（拔模斜度）pattern draft 6.1.6 收缩余量shrinkage allowance6.1.7 工艺补正量molding allowance6.1.8 加工余量machining allowance6.1.9 吃砂量mold thickness6.1.10 补贴pad6.1.11 分型负数joint allowance6.1.12 铸件尺寸公差dimensional tolerance ofcasting6.1.13 铸件重量公差weight allowance of casting 6.1.14 铸件加工基准面reference face formachining of casting6.1.15 铸件表面粗糙度surface roughness ofcasting6.2 浇冒口系统6.2.1 浇注系统（浇口）gating system, running system6.2.2 封闭式浇注系统choked running system,pressurized gating system6.2.3 半封闭式浇注系统enlarged runnersystem6.2.4 开放式浇注系统unchoked runningsystem, non-pressurized gating system6.2.5 浇口盆（外浇口）pouring basin6.2.6 浇口杯pouring cup 6.2.7 浇口塞blanking-off plug6.2.8 直浇道sprue6.2.9 直浇道窝sprue base6.2.10 横浇道runner6.2.11 筛网芯（滤网芯）6.2.12 内浇道ingate6.2.13 离心集渣浇注系统trap system6.2.14 顶注式浇注系统6.2.15 底注式浇注系统6.2.16 阶梯式浇注系统6.2.17 雨淋浇口shower gate6.2.18 缝隙浇口slotgate6.2.19 压边浇口liprunner, kiss runner6.2.20 牛角式浇口horn gate6.2.21 热节hot spot6.2.22 冒口riser, feeder heed6.2.23 冒口效率riser efficiency6.2.24 明冒口open riser6.2.25 暗冒口blind riser6.2.26 侧冒口（边冒口）side riser6.2.27 压力冒口pressure riser6.2.28 大气压力冒口atmospheric riser6.2.29 发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-delivered pressure riser6.2.30 透气砂芯pencil core6.2.31 冒口颈riser neck6.2.32 冒口根riser pad6.2.33 保温冒口套heat insulating feeder sleeve 6.2.34 发热冒口套exothermic feeder sleeve 6.2.35 补缩距离feeding distance, feeding zone 6.2.36 易割冒口knock-off head6.2.37 易割片（易割芯片）washburn core 6.3 模样6.3.1 铸造工艺装备foundry tools andequipment6.3.2 模样（铸模，模）pattern6.3.3 母模master pattern6.3.4 金属模metal pattern6.3.5 骨架skeleton pattern6.3.6 石膏模plaster pattern6.3.7 塑料plastic pattern6.3.8 整体模one-piece pattern6.3.9 分开parted pattern, split pattern6.3.10 活块loose piece6.3.11 模板pattern plate6.3.12 模底板pattern mounting plate6.3.13 单面模板single face pattern plate6.3.14 双面模板match platestrainer corewhirl gate, dirttop gating systembottom gating systemstep gating system6.3.15 放样（伸图）hot dimensional drawing 6.3.16 缩尺（模样工缩尺）shrinkage rule,pattern- maker 's rule6.4 芯盒6.4.1 芯盒core box6.4.2 脱落式芯盒troughed core box6.4.3 下芯量具core setting scale6.4.4 下芯夹具core jig6.4.5 烘芯板core drying plate6.5 砂箱6.5.1 砂箱flask, molding box6.5.2 箱带（箱挡）flask bar, cross bar6.5.3 脱箱snap flask6.5.4 套箱mold jacket6.5.5 套销hollow pin, stub pin7 造型及造芯7.1 造型7.1.1 造型molding7.1.2 型腔mold cavity7.1.3 铸型（型）mold7.1.4 砂型sand mold7.1.5 上型（上箱）cope, top part7.1.6 下型（下箱）drag, bottom part7.1.7 手工造型hand molding7.1.8 机器造型machine molding7.1.9 自动化造型automatic molding7.1.10 分型面mold joint7.1.11 有箱造型flask molding7.1.12 两箱造型two-part molding7.1.13 三箱造型three-part molding7.1.14 不平分型面stepped joint7.1.15 无箱造型flaskless molding7.1.16 脱箱造型removable flask molding7.1.17 地坑造型pit molding7.1.18 刮板造型sweep molding7.1.19 抛砂造型impeller ramming, sand slingingmolding7.1.20 组芯造型core assembly molding7.1.21 假箱造型oddside molding7.1.22 微震压实造型vibratory squeezingmolding7.1.23 高压造型high pressure molding7.1.24 湿砂型（湿型，潮型）green sand mold7.1.25 砂型烘干mold drying7.1.26 干砂型（干型）dry sand mold7.1.27 表面烘干型skin dried mold7.1.28 烂砂泥型loam mold7.1.29 砂床bed7.1.30 过渡角transition angle7.1.31 吊砂cod7.1.32 砂钩lifter7.1.33 负压造型（真空密封造型）vacuummolding 7.1.34 流态砂造型fluid sand molding7.1.35 漏模pattern stripping7.1.36 填砂mold-filling7.1.37 紧实（紧砂，舂砂）ramming7.1.38 震实jolt ramming7.1.39 压实squeezing ramming7.1.40 紧实度degree of ramming7.1.41 二氧化碳法造型CO 2 process7.1.42 自硬砂造型self-hardening sand molding 7.1.43 塞砂tucking7.1.44 刮砂strike-off7.1.45 造型生产线molding line7.1.46 刷水swabbing7.1.47 敲模rapping7.1.48 起模（拔模）stripping7.1.49 扎出气孔venting7.1.50 排气道venting channel7.1.51 修型patching7.1.52 冷铁densener, chill7.1.53 外冷铁surface densener7.1.54 内冷铁internal densener7.1.55 验型（验箱）trial closing7.1.56 合型（合箱，组型）mold assembling,closing7.2 造芯7.2.1 造芯（制芯）core making7.2.2 芯（芯子）core7.2.3 芯骨core rod, core scab7.2.4 油砂芯oil sand core7.2.5 预制芯embeded core, ram up core7.2.6 芯头core print7.2.7 芯座core print7.2.8 芯头斜度core print taper7.2.9 芯头间隙core print clearance7.2.10 壳芯shell core7.2.11 烘芯core baking7.2.12 通气蜡线vent wax7.2.13 冷芯盒法cold box process7.2.14 热芯盒法hot box process7.2.15 芯撑chaplet7.3 造型工具震实造型机jolt molding machine 高压造型机high pressure molding machine射压造型机shooting and squeezingmolding machine多触头造型机equalizing pistonsqueezer7.4.10 抛砂机sand slinger7.4.11 起模机drawing machine7.4.12 射砂机core shooter7.4.13 挤芯机core extruderdie casting 9.2.2 压铸型die-casting die, die9.2.3 动型moving die, ejector die half9.2.4 定型fixed die, cover die half9.2.5 合型力clamping force , die locking force 9.2.6 压室pressure chamber9.2.7 鹅颈管gooseneck9.2.8 分流器spreader, sprue spreader9.2.9 顶杆ejector pin9.2.10 溢流槽overflow well7.4.14 铸型输送机mold conveyor 9.2.11 压射冲头（压室）injection piston,plunger 9.2.12 压射比压9.2.13 压射速度9.2.14 保压时间injection pressure injection speed dwell time8.1.7 清理cleaning, fettling8.1.8 清砂cleaning8.1.9 火焰表面清理scarfing8.1.10 清铲chipping8.1.11 化学清砂chemical cleaning8.1.12 精整dressing and finishing8.1.13 落砂机knock-out machine8.1.14 抛丸清理机shot blast machine8.1.15 清理滚筒tumbling barrel8.1.16 抛丸落砂清理设备shot blast reclaimingequipment8.1.17 悬挂式磨轮swing frame grinder8.2 修补及矫正8.2.1 矫正coining, straightening8.2.2 焊补repair welding8.2.3 渗补impregnation9 特种铸造acurad（accurate?） die casting9.2.18 压铸机die casting machine9.2.19 冷室压铸机cold chamber die castingmachinemachine 9.2.21 镶铸法insert process 9.3 离心铸造9.3.1 离心铸造true centrifugal casting9.3.2 半离心铸造semi-centrifugal casting 9.3.3 离心浇注centrifugal pressure casting,centrifuge casting9.3.4 双金属离心铸造bimetal centrifugalcasting9.3.5 离心铸造机centrifugal casting machine 9.4 熔模铸造9.4.1 失模铸造lost pattern casting8.1.3 噴砂清理8.1.4 抛丸清理8.1.5 水力清砂8.1.6 水砂清砂sand blasting shotblasting hydrauliccleaning hydraulicblast9.2.15 真空压铸evacuated die casting,vacuum die casting9.2.16 充氧压铸pore-free die casting9.2.17 双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）7.3.1 造型工具hand tools of molding7.3.2 压勺heart and spoon7.3.3 提沟cleaner7.3.4 双头铜勺（秋叶）double ended radius sleeker7.3.5 镘刀trowel7.4 造型及造芯设备7.4.1 造型机molding machine7.4.2 压实造型机squeezing molding machine7.4.3 震击台bumper7.4.4 振动台vibrating table7.4.5 微震压实造型机vibratory squeezer 9.1 金属型铸造9.1.1 金属型铸造permanent mold casting, gravity die casting9.1.2 金属型metal mold9.1.3 金属芯metal core9.1.4 覆砂金属型sand-lined metal mold 9.1.5 排气塞venting plug9.1.6 排气槽air vent9.1.7 龟裂heat checking9.1.8 金属型铸造机gravity die casting machine9.2 压力铸造9.2.1 压力铸造（压铸）die casting, pressure7.4.67.4.77.4.87.4.98 铸件落砂及清理8.1 落砂及清理8.1.1 落砂shake-out, knock-out8.1.2 除芯decoring9.2.20 热室压铸机hot chamber die casting9.4.2 熔模铸造（失蜡铸造）fusible patternmolding, lost-wax molding9.4.3 压制熔模fusible pattern injection9.4.4 压型pattern die9.4.5 熔模fusible pattern9.4.6 盐模salt pattern9.4.7 蜡模wax-pattern9.4.8 模组pattern assembly9.4.9 熔模涂料（浆料）slurry9.4.10 面层涂料investment precoat9.4.11 撒砂stuccoing9.4.12 脱蜡dewaxing9.4.13 熔烧sintering shell molding investing timeinvesting temperature curingtemperature curing time 9.6 其它铸造方法9.6.1 陶瓷型铸造ceramicmolding9.6.2 陶瓷型浆料ceramicslurry9.6.3 灌浆paste pouring9.6.4 喷烧torch firing9.6.5 低压铸造low-pressure die casting9.6.6 充型压力mold filling pressure9.6.7 保压压力dwell pressure9.6.8 升液管stalk9.6.9 真空吸铸suction casting9.6.10 差压铸造（反压铸造）counter-pressure casting9.6.11 实型铸造full mold process, cavitylesscasting9.6.12 泡沫塑料模styrofoam pattern9.6.13 磁型铸造（磁丸铸造）magnetic shotmolding process9.6.14 凝壳铸造slush casting9.6.15 石膏型铸造plaster molding9.6.16 连续铸造continuous casting10 铸件质量及铸件缺陷10.1 铸件质量基本术语10.1.1 铸件检验inspection of castingcasting10.1.3 铸件外观质量10.1.4 铸件内在质量casting10.1.5 铸件使用性能service ability of casting 10.1.6 单铸试块separated test bar of casting 10.1.7 附铸试块test lug10.1.8 缺陷铸件defective casting 10.1.9 废品reject10.1.10 无损检验（无损探伤）nondestructiveinspection10.1.11 破坏性试验destructive testing10.2 多肉类缺陷10.2.1 飞翅（飞边）joint flash10.2.2 毛刺veining10.2.3 抬型（抬箱）cope raise , raised mold 10.2.4 胀箱swell10.2.5 冲砂erosion, cut, wash10.2.6 掉砂drop, crush10.2.7 外渗物（外渗豆）sweat10.3 孔洞类缺陷10.3.1 气孔blow hole10.3.2 针孔pinhole10.3.3 缩孔shrinkage10.3.4 缩松dispersed shrinkage10.3.5 疏松（显微缩松）porositymicroshrinkage10.4 裂纹、冷隔类缺陷10.4.1 冷裂cold cracking10.4.2 热裂hot tearing10.4.3 热处理裂纹heat treatment crack10.4.4 白点（发裂）flake10.4.5 冷隔cold shut, cold lap10.4.6 浇注断流interrupted pour10.5 表面缺陷10.5.1 鼠尾rat-tail10.5.2 沟漕buckle10.5.3 夹砂结疤（夹砂）scab10.5.4 机械粘砂（渗透粘砂）metal penetration10.5.5 化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on 10.5.6 表面粗糙rough surface10.5.7 皱皮elephant skin10.5.8 缩陷depression10.6 残缺类缺陷10.6.1 浇不到misrun10.6.2 未浇满poured short10.6.3 跑火run-out, bleeding10.6.4 型漏（漏箱）run-out, bleeding10.6.5 损伤（机械损伤）damage10.7 形状及重量差错类缺陷10.7.1 拉长exaggeration of dimension10.7.2 超重over-weight10.7.3 变形distortion, warping10.7.4 错型（错箱）shift10.7.5 错芯core shift10.7.6 偏芯（漂芯）core raised, corelift 10.8 夹杂类缺陷9.5 壳型铸造9.5.1 壳型铸造9.5.2 结壳时间9.5.3 结壳温度9.5.4 硬化温度9.5.5 硬化时间10.1.2 铸件质量分析quality analysis ofvisual quality of castinginternal quality of10.8.1 夹杂物inclusion10.8.2 冷豆cold shot10.8.3 内渗物（内渗豆）internal sweat 10.8.4 渣气孔scum, slag-blow hole10.8.5 砂眼sand inclusion10.9 性能、成分、组织不合格10.9.1 亮皮pearlite layer10.9.2 菜花头cauli-flowering10.9.3 石墨飘浮carbon floatation10.9.4 石墨集结kish graphite spot10.9.5 组织粗大open grain structure10.9.6 偏析segregation10.9.7 硬点hard spot10.9.8 反白口inverse chill10.9.9 球化不良under-nodularizing10.9.10 球化衰退degradated spheroidisation 10.9.11 脱碳decarburization。
铸造术语 中英文对照
一、基本术语1.铸造：casting , founding , foundry2.砂型铸造：Sand casting process3.特种铸造：Special casting process4。
铸件: casting5。
毛坯铸件：Rough casting6。
砂型铸件：Sand casting7。
试制铸件：Pilot casting8。
铸态铸件：as-cast casting9。
铸型[型]: mold10。
铸造工艺：Casting process，foundry technology11.铸造用材料：Foundry materials12。
铸造工艺材料: Consumable materials13.铸造设备: Foundry equipment, foundry facilities14.铸工：Caster，founder, foundry worker15。
铸造工作者：foundryman16。
铸造车间：Foundry shop17.铸造厂：Foundry18。
铸造分厂：Attached foundry，captive foundry, tied foundry 19。
铸造三废：Foundry affluent20.一批： A batch21。
一炉： A cast, a heat, a melt22。
铸焊: Cast welding，flow welding23.铸锭: ingot二、铸造合金及熔炼、浇注2.1铸造合金基础术语1.铸造合金：Cast alloy2。
共晶合金系: Eutectic alloy system3。
共晶合金：Eutectic alloy4.亚共晶合金：Hypoeutectic alloy5。
过共晶合金：Hypereutectic alloy6。
共晶团：Eutectic cell7。
共晶温度: Eutectic temperature8。
共晶转变：Eutectic reaction, eutectic transformation 9.共晶组织：Eutectic structure10。
铸造常用词中英文对照及解释
铸造常用词中英文对照及解释铸造常用词中英文对照及简释1. 铸件后处理(post treatment of casting) [ 铸件] 对清理后的铸件进行热处理﹑整形﹑防锈处理和粗加工的过程。
铸件后处理是铸造生产的最后一道工序。
2. 铸件清理(cleaning of casting) [ 铸件] 将铸件从铸型中取出﹐清除掉本体以外的多余部分﹐并打磨精整铸件内外表面的过程。
主要工作有清除型芯和芯铁。
3. 铸造有色合金(cast non ferrous alloy) [ 铸造合金] 用以浇注铸件的有色合金(见有色金属)﹐是铸造合金中的一类。
主要有铸造铜合金﹑铸造铝合金﹑铸造镁合金等。
4. 浇注系统(gating system) [ 铸型] 为将液态金属引入铸型型腔而在铸型内开设的信道。
包括﹕浇口杯，直浇道，横浇道，内浇道。
5. 模样(pattern) [ 铸型] 仿真铸件形状形成铸型型腔的工艺装备或易耗件。
为保证形成符合要求的型腔﹐模样应具有足够的强度﹑刚度。
6. 冒口(riser) [ 铸型] 为避免铸件出现缺陷而附加在铸件上方或侧面的补充部分。
在铸型中﹐冒口的型腔是存贮液态金属的容器。
7. 芯盒(core box) [ 铸型] 将芯砂制成型芯的工艺装备。
可由木材﹑塑料﹑金属或其它材料制成。
8. 芯砂(core sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中用于制造型芯的材料﹐一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成9. 型砂(molding sand) [ 造型材料] 在砂型铸造中用来造型的材料。
型砂一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成。
10. 型砂粘结剂(molding sand binder) [ 造型材料] 将松散的铸造砂粘结在一起使之成为型砂或芯砂的造型材料。
11. 再生砂(reclaimed sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中经过处理基本上恢复了使用性能可以回用的旧砂。
工程铸造中英文术语对照
1. 铸件后处理(post treatment of casting) [ 铸件] 对清理后的铸件进行热处理﹑整形﹑防锈处理和粗加工的过程。
铸件后处理是铸造生产的最后一道工序。
2. 铸件清理(cleaning of casting) [ 铸件] 将铸件从铸型中取出﹐清除掉本体以外的多余部分﹐并打磨精整铸件内外表面的过程。
主要工作有清除型芯和芯铁。
3. 铸造有色合金(cast non ferrous alloy) [ 铸造合金] 用以浇注铸件的有色合金(见有色金属)﹐是铸造合金中的一类。
主要有铸造铜合金﹑铸造铝合金﹑铸造镁合金等。
4. 浇注系统(gating system) [ 铸型] 为将液态金属引入铸型型腔而在铸型内开设的信道。
包括﹕浇口杯，直浇道，横浇道，内浇道。
5. 模样(pattern) [ 铸型] 仿真铸件形状形成铸型型腔的工艺装备或易耗件。
为保证形成符合要求的型腔﹐模样应具有足够的强度﹑刚度。
6. 冒口(riser) [ 铸型] 为避免铸件出现缺陷而附加在铸件上方或侧面的补充部分。
在铸型中﹐冒口的型腔是存贮液态金属的容器。
7. 芯盒(core box) [ 铸型] 将芯砂制成型芯的工艺装备。
可由木材﹑塑料﹑金属或其它材料制成。
8. 芯砂(core sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中用于制造型芯的材料﹐一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成9. 型砂(molding sand) [ 造型材料] 在砂型铸造中用来造型的材料。
型砂一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成。
10. 型砂粘结剂(molding sand binder) [ 造型材料] 将松散的铸造砂粘结在一起使之成为型砂或芯砂的造型材料。
11. 再生砂(reclaimed sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中经过处理基本上恢复了使用性能可以回用的旧砂。
12. 铸造砂(foundry sand) [ 造型材料] 铸造生产中用来配制型砂和芯砂的一种造型材料。
铸造名词术语GB5611-85
铸造名词术语（GB5611-85）1 基本术语1.1 铸造 foundry, founding, casting1.2铸造工艺 foundry technology1.3铸件 casting1.4砂型铸造 sand casting process1.5特种铸造 special casting process2合金性能2.1 流动性 fluidity2.2 充型能力 mold-filling capacity2.3 吸气 gas absorption2.4 过冷 undercooling, supercooling2.5 过冷度 degree of undercooling2.6 成核 nucleation2.7 自发成核（均质成核） homogeneous nucleation2.8非自发成核（非均质成核） heterogeneousnucleation2.9凝固温度范围 solidification range2.10定向凝固（顺序凝固） directionalsolidification2.11液态收缩（液体收缩） liquid contraction 2.12凝固收缩 solidification contraction2.13固态收缩（固体收缩） solid contraction 2.14凝固时间 solidification time2.15自由收缩 free contraction2.16受阻收缩 hindered contraction2.17铸件线收缩率 shrinkage2.18收缩应力 contraction stress2.19热应力 thermal stress2.20相变应力 transformation stress, phasechange stress2.21铸造应力 casting stress2.22残留应力（残余应力） residual stress3铸造用材料3.1金属原材料3.1.1 金属原材料 metallic raw material3.1.2生铁 pig iron3.1.3铁合金 ferro-alloy3.1.4回炉料 foundry returns3.1.5中间合金 master alloy3.2燃料3.2.1铸造焦炭 foundry coke3.2.2冶金焦炭 metallurgical coke3.2.3固定碳 fixed carbon3.3熔剂3.3.1 熔剂 flux3.3.2 除气熔剂（除气剂） degassing flux 3.3.3 覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂） covering flux 3.3.4 精炼熔剂（精炼剂） refining flux 3.4耐火材料3.4.1耐火度（耐火性） refractoriness3.4.2耐火砖 firebrick3.4.3耐火粘土 fireclay3.4.4硅砖 silica brick3.4.5镁砂 grain magnesite3.5 造型材料3.5.1 造型材料 molding material3.5.2 砂 sand3.5.3 水洗砂 washed-out sand3.5.4 硅砂 silica sand3.5.5天然砂 natural sand3.5.6人工砂 artificial sand3.5.7天然粘土砂 naturally clay-bonded sand 3.5.8橄榄石砂 olivine sand3.5.9铬铁矿砂 chromite sand3.5.10锆砂 zircon sand3.5.11炭粒砂 carbon sand3.5.12精硅砂 sharp sand3.5.13红砂 red sand3.5.14熟料砂 chamotte sand3.5.15粘结剂 binder3.5.16粘土 clay3.5.17无机粘结剂 inorganic binder3.5.18有机粘结剂 organic binder3.5.19高岭土 kaolin3.5.20膨润土 bentonite3.5.21钠基膨润土 sodium bentonite3.5.22钙基膨润土 calcium bentonite3.5.23活化膨润土 activated bentonite3.5.24干性油 drying oil3.5.25自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bakebinder3.5.26热固树脂粘结剂 thermosetting resinbinder3.5.27油类粘结剂 oil based binder3.5.28水玻璃粘结剂 water glass binder,sodium silicate binder3.5.29纸浆废液 lignin liquor3.5.30合脂粘结剂 synthetic fat binder3.5.31水玻璃模数 sodium silicate modulus 3.6辅助材料3.6.1附加物 additives3.6.2发热剂 exothermic mixture3.6.3分型剂（脱模剂） parting agent,stripping agent3.6.4固化剂（硬化剂）hardener3.6.5悬浮剂suspending agent3.6.6涂料 coating3.7砂处理3.7.1型砂制备（砂处理） sand preparation 3.7.2混砂 sand mulling, sand mixing3.7.3型砂（造型混合料） molding sand 3.7.4芯砂（造芯混合料） core sand3.7.5合成砂 synthetic sand3.7.6自硬砂 self-hardening sand3.7.7水玻璃砂 sodium silicate-bonded sand 3.7.8覆膜砂 precoated sand3.7.9烂砂泥（麻泥） loam3.7.10调匀砂 temper sand3.7.11面砂 facing sand3.7.12背砂（填充砂） backing sand3.7.13单一砂 unit sand3.7.14含泥量 clay content3.7.15含水量 moisture content3.7.16旧砂 floor sand3.7.17枯砂（焦砂） burnt sand3.7.18废砂 waste sand3.7.19热砂 hot sand3.7.20松砂 aeration , sand-cutting3.7.21筛分（筛析） screen analysis3.7.22旧砂处理 sand reconditioning3.7.23旧砂再生 sand reclamation3.7.24沉降分选 elutriation, decantation3.8型砂性能及试验3.8.1 型砂试验 sand testing3.8.2 透气性 permeability3.8.3 流动性 flowability3.8.4型砂强度 sand strength3.8.5湿强度 green strength3.8.6干强度 dry strength3.8.7耐用性（复用性） durability3.8.8砂型（芯）硬度 mold hardness3.8.9热变形 hot deformation3.8.10残留强度 retained strength3.8.11热强度 hot strength3.8.12韧性 toughness3.8.13发气率（发气速度） gas evolution rate 3.8.14发气性（发气量） gas evolution3.8.15吸湿性 moisture absorption3.8.16落砂性 knock-out capability3.8.17潰散性 collapsibility3.8.18胶质价 colloid index3.8.19破碎指数 shatter index3.9砂处理设备3.9.1热气流烘砂装置 hot pneumatic tubedrier3.9.2混砂机 sand muller, sand mixer 3.9.3松砂机 aerator, sand cutter3.9.4冷却提升机 cooling elevator,coolevator3.9.5筛砂机 riddle3.9.6磁力滚筒 magnetic separator3.9.7旧砂再生设备 sand reclamation3.9.8气力输送装置 pneumatic tube conveyor 4铸造合金4.1铸铁4.1.1 铸铁 cast iron4.1.2 铸铁石墨形态 morphology of graphite in cast iron4.1.3 灰铸铁（灰口铸铁） gray cast iron 4.1.4 白口铸铁 white cast iron4.1.5 麻口铸铁 mottled cast iron4.1.6共晶度 degree of saturation4.1.7碳当量 carbon equivalent4.1.8片状石墨 flake graphite4.1.9初生石墨 primary graphite4.1.10孕育铸铁 inoculated cast iron4.1.11球墨铸铁 spheroidal graphite cast iron,nodular graphite iron, ductile iron4.1.12球状石墨 spheroidal graphite, nodulargraphite4.1.13可锻铸铁 malleable cast iron4.1.14黑心可锻铸铁 black heart malleablecast iron4.1.15珠光体可锻铸铁 pearlitic malleablecast iron4.1.16铁素体可锻铸铁 ferritic malleable castiron4.1.17白心可锻铸铁 white heart malleablecast iron4.1.18团絮石墨 tempered graphite4.1.19冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁） chilled iron 4.1.20耐磨铸铁 wear resisting cast iron4.1.21耐热铸铁 heat resisting cast iron4.1.22耐酸铸铁 acid resisting cast iron4.1.23高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron4.1.24蠕墨铸铁 vermicular cast iron,compacted graphite cast iron4.1.25蠕虫状石墨 vermicular graphite4.1.26合金铸铁 alloy cast iron4.2铸钢4.2.1 铸钢 cast steel4.2.2 炭素铸钢 carbon cast iron4.2.3 低合金铸钢 low alloy cast steel4.2.4 高锰钢 high manganese steel4.2.5铁素体钢 ferritic steel4.3铸造非铁合金4.3.1 青铜 bronze4.3.2 铅青铜 lead bronze4.3.3 铝青铜 aluminum bronze4.3.4 黄铜 brass4.3.5铝铜合金 aluminum-copper alloy4.3.6铝镁合金 aluminum-magnesium alloy 4.3.7铝硅合金 aluminum-silicon alloy4.3.8镁合金 magnesium alloy4.3.9轴承合金（减摩合金） bearing metal,antifrictional metal4.3.10巴氏合金 babbitt alloy4.3.11钛合金 titanium alloy5熔炼工艺及设备5.1熔炼基本术语5.1.1 熔化（熔炼） melting5.1.2 重熔 remelting5.1.3 炉料 charge5.1.4 熔化率 melting rate5.1.5 炉料计算 charge calculation5.1.6 双联熔炼 duplexing5.1.7 元素烧损（元素烧损率） melting losses of various chemical elements5.1.8 熔炼损耗（烧损） total melting loss 5.1.9还原气氛 reducing atmosphere5.1.10氧化气氛 oxidizing atmosphere5.1.11惰性气体 inert gas5.1.12碱度（碱性指数） index of basicity 5.1.13碱性渣 basic slag5.1.14酸性渣 acid slag5.1.15精炼 refining5.1.16遗传性 heredity5.2铸铁熔炼5.2.1 风口比 tuyere ratio5.2.2 有效高度 effective height5.2.3 送风强度 blast intensity5.2.4预热送风 hot blast5.2.5底焦 coke bed5.2.6层焦 coke split5.2.7隔焦（结力焦） buffer coke charge 5.2.8炉衬 furnace lining5.2.9碱性炉衬 basic lining5.2.10酸性炉衬 acid lining5.2.11棚料 bridging5.2.12熔池 bath5.2.13吸碳 carbon pick-up5.2.14铁焦比（焦比） iron-coke ratio5.2.15出渣 deslagging5.2.16打炉 cupola drop5.3铸钢5.3.1 氧化熔炼法 oxidizing melting 5.3.2 不氧化熔炼法 dead melting5.3.3 真空熔炼 vacuum refining5.3.4 电渣熔炼 electro-slag melting5.3.5 熔渣 slag5.3.6 沉渣 sludge5.3.7 浮渣 dross, cinder5.3.8 氧化期（沸腾期） oxidizing stage, boil5.3.9还原期 deoxidizing stage, blockingstage5.3.10还原渣 reducing slag5.3.11氧化渣 oxidizing slag5.3.12白渣 white slag5.3.13脱氧 deoxidation5.3.14扒渣 slagging- off5.3.15脱碳 decarburization5.3.16脱硫 desulphurization5.3.17脱磷 dephosphorization5.3.18增碳 recarburizing5.3.19脱氧剂 deoxidizer5.4非铁金属熔炼5.4.1 挥发损耗volatilizing losses5.4.2 静置 stewing, holding5.4.3 吹氮 nitrogen flushing5.5熔炼设备5.5.1 冲天炉 cupola5.5.2 水冷冲天炉 water-cooled cupola5.5.3热风冲天炉 hot-blast cupola5.5.4湿法除尘器 wet cap5.5.5炉缸 cupola well5.5.6前炉 forehearth5.5.7冲天炉加料机 cupola charging machine 5.5.8爬式加料机 skip hoist5.5.9电磁配铁称 electro-magnetic weighingbalancer5.5.10电磁盘 electromagnetic chuck5.5.11电弧炉（直接电弧炉） arc furnace,direct arc furnace5.5.12感应电炉 electric induction furnace 5.5.13电渣炉 electroslag furnace5.5.14电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation5.5.15浇包 ladle5.5.16摇包 shaking ladle5.5.17底注包 bottom pouring ladle5.5.18保温炉holding furnace5.5.19坩埚炉crucible furnace5.6熔融金属处理5.6.1孕育 inoculation5.6.2多孔塞法 porous plug process5.6.3变质 modification5.6.4墨化剂 graphitizer5.6.5过热 superheating5.6.6石墨球化处理 nodularizing treatment ofgraphite5.6.7碳当量仪eutectometer5.6.8三角试块 wedge test-piece5.6.9真空除气vacuum degassing5.7浇注5.7.1浇注 pouring5.7.2保护气氛浇注 pouring under controlledatmosphere5.7.3浇注速度 pouring rate5.7.4浇注温度 pouring temperature5.7.5浇注时间 pouring time5.7.6浇注位置 pouring position5.7.7型内孕育 inmold inoculation5.7.8压铁 weight5.7.9捣冒口 churning, pumping5.7.10点冒口（补注） teeming5.7.11浸入式高温计 immersion pyremeter5.7.12补炉 patching5.7.13炉龄（炉衬寿命） campaign6工艺设计及工艺装备6.1工艺设计6.1.1 铸造工艺设计 mold design6.1.2 铸造工艺装备设计 foundry tools design 6.1.3 铸造工艺图 foundry molding drawing 6.1.4 铸件图（毛坯图） drawing of rough casting6.1.5起模斜度（拔模斜度） pattern draft6.1.6收缩余量shrinkage allowance6.1.7工艺补正量 molding allowance6.1.8加工余量 machining allowance6.1.9吃砂量 mold thickness6.1.10补贴 pad6.1.11分型负数 joint allowance6.1.12铸件尺寸公差 dimensional tolerance ofcasting6.1.13铸件重量公差 weight allowance ofcasting6.1.14铸件加工基准面 reference face formachining of casting6.1.15铸件表面粗糙度 surface roughness ofcasting6.2浇冒口系统6.2.1 浇注系统（浇口） gating system, running system6.2.2封闭式浇注系统 choked running system,pressurized gating system6.2.3半封闭式浇注系统 enlarged runnersystem 6.2.4开放式浇注系统 unchoked runningsystem, non-pressurized gating system 6.2.5浇口盆（外浇口） pouring basin6.2.6浇口杯 pouring cup6.2.7浇口塞 blanking-off plug6.2.8直浇道 sprue6.2.9直浇道窝 sprue base6.2.10横浇道 runner6.2.11筛网芯（滤网芯） strainer core6.2.12内浇道 ingate6.2.13离心集渣浇注系统 whirl gate, dirttrap system6.2.14顶注式浇注系统 top gating system6.2.15底注式浇注系统 bottom gating system 6.2.16阶梯式浇注系统 step gating system6.2.17雨淋浇口 shower gate6.2.18缝隙浇口 slot gate6.2.19压边浇口 lip runner, kiss runner6.2.20牛角式浇口 horn gate6.2.21热节 hot spot6.2.22冒口 riser, feeder heed6.2.23冒口效率 riser efficiency6.2.24明冒口 open riser6.2.25暗冒口 blind riser6.2.26侧冒口（边冒口） side riser6.2.27压力冒口 pressure riser6.2.28大气压力冒口 atmospheric riser6.2.29发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-deliveredpressure riser6.2.30透气砂芯 pencil core6.2.31冒口颈 riser neck6.2.32冒口根 riser pad6.2.33保温冒口套 heat insulating feedersleeve6.2.34发热冒口套 exothermic feeder sleeve 6.2.35补缩距离 feeding distance, feedingzone6.2.36易割冒口 knock-off head6.2.37易割片（易割芯片） washburn core6.3模样6.3.1铸造工艺装备 foundry tools andequipment6.3.2模样（铸模，模） pattern6.3.3母模 master pattern6.3.4金属模 metal pattern6.3.5骨架模 skeleton pattern6.3.6石膏模 plaster pattern6.3.7塑料模 plastic pattern6.3.8整体模 one-piece pattern6.3.9分开模 parted pattern, split pattern6.3.10活块 loose piece6.3.11模板 pattern plate6.3.12模底板 pattern mounting plate6.3.13单面模板 single face pattern plate6.3.14双面模板 match plate6.3.15放样（伸图） hot dimensional drawing 6.3.16缩尺（模样工缩尺） shrinkage rule,pattern-maker’s rule6.4芯盒6.4.1 芯盒 core box6.4.2 脱落式芯盒 troughed core box6.4.3下芯量具 core setting scale6.4.4下芯夹具 core jig6.4.5烘芯板 core drying plate6.5砂箱6.5.1 砂箱 flask, molding box6.5.2 箱带（箱挡） flask bar, cross bar6.5.3 脱箱 snap flask6.5.4 套箱 mold jacket6.5.5套销 hollow pin, stub pin7造型及造芯7.1造型7.1.1造型 molding7.1.2型腔 mold cavity7.1.3铸型（型） mold7.1.4砂型 sand mold7.1.5上型（上箱） cope, top part7.1.6下型（下箱） drag, bottom part7.1.7手工造型 hand molding7.1.8机器造型 machine molding7.1.9自动化造型automatic molding7.1.10分型面 mold joint7.1.11有箱造型 flask molding7.1.12两箱造型 two-part molding7.1.13三箱造型 three-part molding7.1.14不平分型面 stepped joint7.1.15无箱造型 flaskless molding7.1.16脱箱造型 removable flask molding 7.1.17地坑造型 pit molding7.1.18刮板造型 sweep molding7.1.19抛砂造型 impeller ramming, sandslinging molding7.1.20组芯造型 core assembly molding7.1.21假箱造型 oddside molding7.1.22微震压实造型 vibratory squeezingmolding7.1.23高压造型 high pressure molding7.1.24湿砂型（湿型，潮型） green sand mold 7.1.25砂型烘干 mold drying7.1.26干砂型（干型）dry sand mold 7.1.27表面烘干型 skin dried mold7.1.28烂砂泥型 loam mold7.1.29砂床 bed7.1.30过渡角 transition angle7.1.31吊砂 cod7.1.32砂钩 lifter7.1.33负压造型（真空密封造型） vacuummolding7.1.34流态砂造型 fluid sand molding7.1.35漏模 pattern stripping7.1.36填砂 mold-filling7.1.37紧实（紧砂，舂砂） ramming7.1.38震实 jolt ramming7.1.39压实 squeezing ramming7.1.40紧实度 degree of ramming7.1.41二氧化碳法造型 CO2 process7.1.42自硬砂造型 self-hardening sandmolding7.1.43塞砂 tucking7.1.44刮砂 strike-off7.1.45造型生产线 molding line7.1.46刷水 swabbing7.1.47敲模 rapping7.1.48起模（拔模） stripping7.1.49扎出气孔 venting7.1.50排气道 venting channel7.1.51修型 patching7.1.52冷铁 densener, chill7.1.53外冷铁 surface densener7.1.54内冷铁 internal densener7.1.55验型（验箱） trial closing7.1.56合型（合箱，组型） mold assembling,closing7.2造芯7.2.1造芯（制芯） core making7.2.2芯（芯子） core7.2.3 芯骨 core rod, core scab7.2.4 油砂芯 oil sand core7.2.5 预制芯 embeded core, ram up core7.2.6 芯头 core print7.2.7芯座 core print7.2.8芯头斜度 core print taper7.2.9芯头间隙 core print clearance7.2.10壳芯 shell core7.2.11烘芯 core baking7.2.12通气蜡线 vent wax7.2.13冷芯盒法 cold box process7.2.14热芯盒法 hot box process7.2.15芯撑 chaplet7.3造型工具7.3.1 造型工具 hand tools of molding7.3.2 压勺 heart and spoon7.3.3 提沟 cleaner7.3.4 双头铜勺（秋叶） double ended radius sleeker7.3.5镘刀 trowel7.4造型及造芯设备7.4.1 造型机 molding machine7.4.2 压实造型机 squeezing molding machine7.4.3 震击台 bumper7.4.4 振动台 vibrating table7.4.5微震压实造型机 vibratory squeezer7.4.6震实造型机 jolt molding machine7.4.7高压造型机 high pressure moldingmachine7.4.8射压造型机 shooting and squeezingmolding machine7.4.9多触头造型机 equalizing pistonsqueezer7.4.10抛砂机 sand slinger7.4.11起模机 drawing machine7.4.12射砂机 core shooter7.4.13挤芯机 core extruder7.4.14铸型输送机 mold conveyor8铸件落砂及清理8.1落砂及清理8.1.1 落砂 shake-out, knock-out8.1.2 除芯 decoring8.1.3 噴砂清理 sand blasting8.1.4 抛丸清理 shot blasting8.1.5 水力清砂 hydraulic cleaning8.1.6 水砂清砂 hydraulic blast8.1.7清理 cleaning, fettling8.1.8清砂 cleaning8.1.9火焰表面清理 scarfing8.1.10清铲 chipping8.1.11化学清砂 chemical cleaning8.1.12精整 dressing and finishing8.1.13落砂机 knock-out machine8.1.14抛丸清理机 shot blast machine8.1.15清理滚筒 tumbling barrel8.1.16抛丸落砂清理设备 shot blast reclaimingequipment8.1.17悬挂式磨轮 swing frame grinder8.2修补及矫正8.2.1 矫正 coining, straightening8.2.2 焊补 repair welding8.2.3 渗补 impregnation9特种铸造9.1金属型铸造9.1.1 金属型铸造 permanent mold casting, gravity die casting9.1.2 金属型 metal mold9.1.3 金属芯 metal core9.1.4 覆砂金属型 sand-lined metal mold 9.1.5 排气塞 venting plug9.1.6 排气槽 air vent9.1.7 龟裂 heat checking9.1.8 金属型铸造机 gravity die casting machine9.2压力铸造9.2.1压力铸造（压铸） die casting, pressuredie casting9.2.2压铸型 die-casting die, die9.2.3动型 moving die, ejector die half9.2.4定型 fixed die, cover die half9.2.5合型力 clamping force , die lockingforce9.2.6压室 pressure chamber9.2.7鹅颈管 gooseneck9.2.8分流器 spreader, sprue spreader9.2.9顶杆 ejector pin9.2.10溢流槽 overflow well9.2.11压射冲头（压室） injection piston,plunger9.2.12压射比压 injection pressure9.2.13压射速度 injection speed9.2.14保压时间 dwell time9.2.15真空压铸 evacuated die casting,vacuum die casting9.2.16充氧压铸 pore-free die casting9.2.17双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad(accurate?) die casting9.2.18压铸机 die casting machine9.2.19冷室压铸机 cold chamber die castingmachine9.2.20热室压铸机 hot chamber die castingmachine9.2.21镶铸法 insert process9.3离心铸造9.3.1离心铸造 true centrifugal casting9.3.2半离心铸造 semi-centrifugal casting9.3.3离心浇注 centrifugal pressure casting,centrifuge casting9.3.4双金属离心铸造 bimetal centrifugalcasting9.3.5离心铸造机 centrifugal casting machine 9.4熔模铸造9.4.1 失模铸造 lost pattern casting9.4.2熔模铸造（失蜡铸造） fusible patternmolding, lost-wax molding9.4.3压制熔模 fusible pattern injection9.4.4压型 pattern die9.4.5熔模 fusible pattern9.4.6盐模salt pattern9.4.7蜡模 wax-pattern9.4.8模组 pattern assembly9.4.9熔模涂料（浆料） slurry9.4.10面层涂料 investment precoat9.4.11撒砂 stuccoing9.4.12脱蜡 dewaxing9.4.13熔烧 sintering9.5壳型铸造9.5.1壳型铸造 shell molding9.5.2结壳时间 investing time9.5.3结壳温度 investing temperature9.5.4硬化温度 curing temperature9.5.5硬化时间 curing time9.6其它铸造方法9.6.1 陶瓷型铸造 ceramic molding9.6.2 陶瓷型浆料 ceramic slurry9.6.3灌浆 paste pouring9.6.4喷烧 torch firing9.6.5低压铸造 low-pressure die casting9.6.6充型压力 mold filling pressure9.6.7保压压力 dwell pressure9.6.8升液管 stalk9.6.9真空吸铸 suction casting9.6.10差压铸造（反压铸造） counter-pressurecasting9.6.11实型铸造 full mold process, cavitylesscasting9.6.12泡沫塑料模 styrofoam pattern9.6.13磁型铸造（磁丸铸造） magnetic shotmolding process9.6.14凝壳铸造 slush casting9.6.15石膏型铸造 plaster molding9.6.16连续铸造 continuous casting10 铸件质量及铸件缺陷10.1 铸件质量基本术语10.1.1铸件检验 inspection of casting10.1.2铸件质量分析 quality analysis ofcasting10.1.3铸件外观质量 visual quality of casting 10.1.4铸件内在质量 internal quality ofcasting10.1.5铸件使用性能 service ability of casting 10.1.6单铸试块 separated test bar of casting 10.1.7附铸试块 test lug 10.1.8缺陷铸件 defective casting10.1.9废品 reject10.1.10无损检验（无损探伤） nondestructiveinspection10.1.11破坏性试验 destructive testing10.2多肉类缺陷10.2.1飞翅（飞边） joint flash10.2.2毛刺 veining10.2.3抬型（抬箱） cope raise , raised mold 10.2.4胀箱 swell10.2.5冲砂 erosion, cut, wash10.2.6掉砂 drop, crush10.2.7外渗物（外渗豆） sweat10.3孔洞类缺陷10.3.1 气孔 blow hole10.3.2 针孔 pinhole10.3.3 缩孔 shrinkage10.3.4缩松 dispersed shrinkage10.3.5疏松（显微缩松） porositymicroshrinkage10.4裂纹、冷隔类缺陷10.4.1冷裂 cold cracking10.4.2热裂 hot tearing10.4.3热处理裂纹 heat treatment crack10.4.4白点（发裂） flake10.4.5冷隔 cold shut, cold lap10.4.6浇注断流 interrupted pour10.5表面缺陷10.5.1 鼠尾 rat-tail10.5.2 沟漕 buckle10.5.3 夹砂结疤（夹砂） scab10.5.4机械粘砂（渗透粘砂） metal penetration 10.5.5化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on10.5.6表面粗糙 rough surface10.5.7皱皮 elephant skin10.5.8缩陷 depression10.6残缺类缺陷10.6.1 浇不到 misrun10.6.2 未浇满 poured short10.6.3 跑火 run-out, bleeding10.6.4 型漏（漏箱）run-out, bleeding10.6.5损伤（机械损伤）damage10.7形状及重量差错类缺陷10.7.1 拉长 exaggeration of dimension10.7.2 超重 over-weight10.7.3 变形 distortion, warping10.7.4 错型（错箱） shift10.7.5 错芯 core shift10.7.6 偏芯（漂芯） core raised, corelift 10.8夹杂类缺陷10.8.1 夹杂物 inclusion10.8.2 冷豆 cold shot10.8.3 内渗物（内渗豆） internal sweat 10.8.4 渣气孔 scum, slag-blow hole10.8.5 砂眼 sand inclusion10.9性能、成分、组织不合格10.9.1 亮皮 pearlite layer10.9.2 菜花头 cauli-flowering10.9.3 石墨飘浮 carbon floatation10.9.4 石墨集结 kish graphite spot10.9.5 组织粗大 open grain structure10.9.6 偏析 segregation10.9.7 硬点 hard spot10.9.8 反白口 inverse chill10.9.9 球化不良 under-nodularizing10.9.10 球化衰退 degradated spheroidisation 10.9.11 脱碳 decarburization。
常用铸造词汇的中英文对照和解释
常用铸造词汇的中英文对照和解释1。
铸件后处理（post treatment of casting）［铸件] 对清理后的铸件进行热处理﹑整形﹑防锈处理和粗加工的过程。
铸件后处理是铸造生产的最后一道工序。
2。
铸件清理（cleaning of casting) ［铸件］将铸件从铸型中取出﹐清除掉本体以外的多余部分﹐并打磨精整铸件内外表面的过程。
主要工作有清除型芯和芯铁。
3. 铸造有色合金（cast non ferrous alloy）[ 铸造合金］用以浇注铸件的有色合金(见有色金属)﹐是铸造合金中的一类.主要有铸造铜合金﹑铸造铝合金﹑铸造镁合金等。
4. 浇注系统（gating system) ［铸型］为将液态金属引入铸型型腔而在铸型内开设的信道.包括﹕浇口杯，直浇道，横浇道，内浇道。
5。
模样（pattern) [ 铸型] 仿真铸件形状形成铸型型腔的工艺装备或易耗件。
为保证形成符合要求的型腔﹐模样应具有足够的强度﹑刚度。
6. 冒口（riser) [ 铸型］为避免铸件出现缺陷而附加在铸件上方或侧面的补充部分.在铸型中﹐冒口的型腔是存贮液态金属的容器。
7。
芯盒（core box) [ 铸型］将芯砂制成型芯的工艺装备。
可由木材﹑塑料﹑金属或其它材料制成.8. 芯砂(core sand）［造型材料］铸造生产中用于制造型芯的材料﹐一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成9. 型砂（molding sand）[ 造型材料] 在砂型铸造中用来造型的材料。
型砂一般由铸造砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅加物等造型材料按一定的比例混合而成。
10。
型砂粘结剂(molding sand binder) ［造型材料］将松散的铸造砂粘结在一起使之成为型砂或芯砂的造型材料。
11。
再生砂（reclaimed sand) ［造型材料] 铸造生产中经过处理基本上恢复了使用性能可以回用的旧砂。
12。
铸造砂（foundry sand）[ 造型材料］铸造生产中用来配制型砂和芯砂的一种造型材料.13. 混砂机（sand mixer）［铸造设备] 用于混制型砂或芯砂的铸造设备.混砂机一般具有下列功能﹕将旧砂﹑新砂﹑型砂黏结剂和辅料混合均匀。
铸造术语 中英文对照
一、基本术语1.铸造：casting ，founding , foundry2。
砂型铸造: Sand casting process3.特种铸造：Special casting process4.铸件：casting5。
毛坯铸件：Rough casting6.砂型铸件：Sand casting7.试制铸件：Pilot casting8。
铸态铸件：as—cast casting9.铸型[型］：mold10.铸造工艺：Casting process, foundry technology11。
铸造用材料：Foundry materials12.铸造工艺材料：Consumable materials13。
铸造设备：Foundry equipment, foundry facilities14.铸工: Caster，founder，foundry worker15.铸造工作者：foundryman16。
铸造车间: Foundry shop17.铸造厂：Foundry18。
铸造分厂：Attached foundry，captive foundry，tied foundry 19。
铸造三废：Foundry affluent20。
一批： A batch21。
一炉： A cast，a heat，a melt22。
铸焊: Cast welding，flow welding23。
铸锭：ingot二、铸造合金及熔炼、浇注2。
1铸造合金基础术语1.铸造合金：Cast alloy2。
共晶合金系：Eutectic alloy system3.共晶合金：Eutectic alloy4.亚共晶合金：Hypoeutectic alloy5.过共晶合金: Hypereutectic alloy6.共晶团：Eutectic cell7.共晶温度: Eutectic temperature8.共晶转变：Eutectic reaction，eutectic transformation9.共晶组织：Eutectic structure10.铸造复合材料：Cast composite11.定向共晶复合材料: Directional eutectic composite12。
铸造中英文对照表
32 动力形核
dynamic nucleation
23 等温热处理球铁 austempered ductile iron, ADI
33 大冲击形核
big bang nucleation
24 贝氏体白口铸铁 bainitic white cast iron
34 形核剂
nucleant
25 针状铸铁
acicular cast iron
engineering cast iron
42 吸气（金属）
17 蠕墨铸铁
vermicular graphite cast iron, compacted--
27 冷却相变点
Ar transformation temperature
18 白口铸铁
white cast iron
28 结晶
crystallization
19 麻口铸铁
mottled cast iron
15 珠光体可锻铸铁 pearlitic malleable cast iron
25 过冷度
degree of undercooling
16 球墨可锻铸铁 spheroidal graphite malleable cast iron
26 加热相变点
Ac transformation temperature
11 高强度铸钢
high strength cast steel
3 亚共晶合金
hypoeutectic alloy
12 超高强度铸钢 ultra high strength cast steel
4 过共晶合金
hypereutectic alloy
13 耐磨铸钢
wear resisting cast steel
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1.基本术语1.1.铸造foundry, founding, casting1.2.铸造工艺foundry technology1.3.铸件casting1.4.砂型铸造sand casting process1.5.特种铸造special casting process2.合金性能2.1.流动性fluidity2.2.充型能力mold-filling capacity2.3.吸气gas absorption2.4.过冷undercooling, supercooling2.5.过冷度degree of undercooling2.6.成核nucleation2.7.自发成核（均质成核）homogeneousnucleation2.8.非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneousnucleation2.9.凝固温度范围solidification range2.10.定向凝固（顺序凝固）directionalsolidification2.11.液态收缩（液体收缩）liquidcontraction2.12.凝固收缩solidification contraction 2.13.固态收缩（固体收缩）solid contraction 2.14.凝固时间solidification time2.15.自由收缩free contraction2.16.受阻收缩hindered contraction2.17.铸件线收缩率shrinkage2.18.收缩应力contraction stress2.19.热应力thermal stress2.20.相变应力transformation stress,phase change stress2.21.铸造应力casting stress2.22.残留应力（残余应力）residual stress3.铸造用材料3.1.金属原材料3.1.1.金属原材料metallic raw material 3.1.2.生铁pig iron3.1.3.铁合金ferro-alloy3.1.4.回炉料foundry returns3.1.5.中间合金master alloy3.2.燃料3.2.1.铸造焦炭foundry coke3.2.2.冶金焦炭metallurgical coke3.2.3.固定碳fixed carbon3.3.熔剂3.3.1.熔剂flux3.3.2.除气熔剂（除气剂）degassing flux 3.3.3.覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂）covering flux 3.3.4.精炼熔剂（精炼剂）refining flux 3.3.5.耐火材料3.3.6.耐火度（耐火性）refractoriness3.3.7.耐火砖firebrick3.3.8.耐火粘土fireclay3.3.9.硅砖silica brick3.3.10.镁砂grain magnesite3.4.造型材料3.4.1.造型材料molding material3.4.2.砂sand3.4.3.水洗砂washed-out sand3.4.4.硅砂silica sand3.4.5.天然砂natural sand3.4.6.人工砂artificial sand3.4.7.天然粘土砂naturally clay-bondedsand3.4.8.橄榄石砂olivine sand3.4.9.铬铁矿砂chromite sand3.4.10.锆砂zircon sand3.4.11.炭粒砂carbon sand3.4.12.精硅砂sharp sand3.4.13.红砂red sand3.4.14.熟料砂chamotte sand3.4.15.粘结剂binder3.4.16.粘土clay3.4.17.无机粘结剂inorganic binder3.4.18.有机粘结剂organic binder3.4.19.高岭土kaolin3.4.20.膨润土bentonite3.4.21.钠基膨润土sodium bentonite3.4.22.钙基膨润土calcium bentonite3.4.23.活化膨润土activated bentonite3.4.24.干性油drying oil3.4.25.自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bakebinder3.4.26.热固树脂粘结剂thermosettingresin binder3.4.27.油类粘结剂oil based binder 3.4.28.水玻璃粘结剂water glass binder,sodium silicate binder3.4.29.纸浆废液lignin liquor3.4.30.合脂粘结剂synthetic fat binder 3.4.31.水玻璃模数sodium silicatemodulus3.5.辅助材料3.5.1.附加物additives3.5.2.发热剂exothermic mixture3.5.3.分型剂（脱模剂）parting agent,stripping agent3.5.4.固化剂（硬化剂）hardener3.5.5.悬浮剂suspending agent3.5.6.涂料coating3.5.7.砂处理3.5.8.型砂制备（砂处理）sandpreparation3.5.9.混砂sand mulling, sand mixing 3.5.10.型砂（造型混合料）molding sand 3.5.11.芯砂（造芯混合料）core sand 3.5.12.合成砂synthetic sand3.5.13.自硬砂self-hardening sand3.5.14.水玻璃砂sodium silicate-bondedsand3.5.15.覆膜砂precoated sand3.5.16.烂砂泥（麻泥）loam3.5.17.调匀砂temper sand3.5.18.面砂facing sand3.5.19.背砂（填充砂）backing sand3.5.20.单一砂unit sand3.5.21.含泥量clay content3.5.22.含水量moisture content3.5.23.旧砂floor sand3.5.24.枯砂（焦砂）burnt sand3.5.25.废砂waste sand3.5.26.热砂hot sand3.5.27.松砂aeration , sand-cutting3.5.28.筛分（筛析）screen analysis3.5.29.旧砂处理sand reconditioning3.5.30.旧砂再生sand reclamation3.5.31.沉降分选elutriation, decantation 3.5.32.型砂性能及试验3.5.33.型砂试验sand testing3.5.34.透气性permeability3.5.35.流动性flowability3.5.36.型砂强度sand strength3.5.37.湿强度green strength3.5.38.干强度dry strength3.5.39.耐用性（复用性）durability3.5.40.砂型（芯）硬度mold hardness 3.5.41.热变形hot deformation3.5.42.残留强度retained strength3.5.43.热强度hot strength3.5.44.韧性toughness3.5.45.发气率（发气速度）gas evolutionrate3.5.46.发气性（发气量）gas evolution 3.5.47.吸湿性moisture absorption3.5.48.落砂性knock-out capability3.5.49.潰散性collapsibility3.5.50.胶质价colloid index3.5.51.破碎指数shatter index3.5.52.砂处理设备3.5.53.热气流烘砂装置hot pneumatictube drier3.5.54.混砂机sand muller, sand mixer 3.5.55.松砂机aerator, sand cutter3.5.56.冷却提升机cooling elevator,coolevator3.5.57.筛砂机riddle3.5.58.磁力滚筒magnetic separator3.5.59.旧砂再生设备sand reclamation3.5.60.气力输送装置pneumatic tubeconveyor4.铸造合金4.1.铸铁4.1.1.铸铁cast iron4.1.2.铸铁石墨形态morphology ofgraphite in cast iron4.1.3.灰铸铁（灰口铸铁）gray cast iron 4.1.4.白口铸铁white cast iron4.1.5.麻口铸铁mottled cast iron4.1.6.共晶度degree of saturation4.1.7.碳当量carbon equivalent4.1.8.片状石墨flake graphite4.1.9.初生石墨primary graphite4.1.10.孕育铸铁inoculated cast iron 4.1.11.球墨铸铁spheroidal graphite castiron, nodular graphite iron,ductile iron4.1.12.球状石墨spheroidal graphite,nodular graphite4.1.13.可锻铸铁malleable cast iron4.1.14.黑心可锻铸铁black heart malleablecast iron4.1.15.珠光体可锻铸铁pearlitic malleablecast iron4.1.16.铁素体可锻铸铁ferritic malleablecast iron4.1.17.白心可锻铸铁white heart malleablecast iron4.1.18.团絮石墨tempered graphite4.1.19.冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁）chilled iron 4.1.20.耐磨铸铁wear resisting cast iron 4.1.21.耐热铸铁heat resisting cast iron 4.1.22.耐酸铸铁acid resisting cast iron 4.1.23.高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron 4.1.24.蠕墨铸铁vermicular cast iron,compacted graphite cast iron4.1.25.蠕虫状石墨vermicular graphite 4.1.26.合金铸铁alloy cast iron4.2.铸钢4.2.1.铸钢cast steel4.2.2.炭素铸钢carbon cast iron4.2.3.低合金铸钢low alloy cast steel 4.2.4.高锰钢high manganese steel4.2.5.铁素体钢ferritic steel4.2.6.铸造非铁合金4.2.7.青铜bronze4.2.8.铅青铜lead bronze4.2.9.铝青铜aluminum bronze4.2.10.黄铜brass4.2.11.铝铜合金aluminum-copper alloy 4.2.12.铝镁合金aluminum-magnesiumalloy4.2.13.铝硅合金aluminum-silicon alloy4.2.14.镁合金magnesium alloy4.2.15.轴承合金（减摩合金）bearing metal,antifrictional metal4.2.16.巴氏合金babbitt alloy4.2.17.钛合金titanium alloy5.熔炼工艺及设备5.1.熔炼基本术语5.1.1.熔化（熔炼）melting5.1.2.重熔remelting5.1.3.炉料charge5.1.4.熔化率melting rate5.1.5.炉料计算charge calculation5.1.6.双联熔炼duplexing5.1.7.元素烧损（元素烧损率）meltinglosses of various chemicalelements5.1.8.熔炼损耗（烧损）total melting loss 5.1.9.还原气氛reducing atmosphere5.1.10.氧化气氛oxidizing atmosphere5.1.11.惰性气体inert gas5.1.12.碱度（碱性指数）index of basicity 5.1.13.碱性渣basic slag5.1.14.酸性渣acid slag5.1.15.精炼refining5.1.16.遗传性heredity5.1.17.铸铁熔炼5.1.18.风口比tuyere ratio5.1.19.有效高度effective height5.1.20.送风强度blast intensity5.1.21.预热送风hot blast5.1.22.底焦coke bed 5.1.23.层焦coke split5.1.24.隔焦（结力焦）buffer coke charge 5.1.25.炉衬furnace lining5.1.26.碱性炉衬basic lining5.1.27.酸性炉衬acid lining5.1.28.棚料bridging5.1.29.熔池bath5.1.30.吸碳carbon pick-up5.1.31.铁焦比（焦比）iron-coke ratio 5.1.32.出渣deslagging5.1.33.打炉cupola drop5.2.铸钢5.2.1.氧化熔炼法oxidizing melting5.2.2.不氧化熔炼法dead melting5.2.3.真空熔炼vacuum refining5.2.4.电渣熔炼electro-slag melting5.2.5.熔渣slag5.2.6.沉渣sludge5.2.7.浮渣dross, cinder5.2.8.氧化期（沸腾期）oxidizing stage,boil5.2.9.还原期deoxidizing stage,blocking stage5.2.10.还原渣reducing slag5.2.11.氧化渣oxidizing slag5.2.12.白渣white slag5.2.13.脱氧deoxidation5.2.14.扒渣slagging- off5.2.15.脱碳decarburization5.2.16.脱硫desulphurization5.2.17.脱磷dephosphorization5.2.18.增碳recarburizing5.2.19.脱氧剂deoxidizer5.2.20.非铁金属熔炼5.2.21.挥发损耗volatilizing losses5.2.22.静置stewing, holding5.2.23.吹氮nitrogen flushing5.3.熔炼设备5.3.1.冲天炉cupola5.3.2.水冷冲天炉water-cooled cupola5.3.3.热风冲天炉hot-blast cupola5.3.4.湿法除尘器wet cap5.3.5.炉缸cupola well5.3.6.前炉forehearth5.3.7.冲天炉加料机cupola chargingmachine5.3.8.爬式加料机skip hoist5.3.9.电磁配铁称electro-magneticweighing balancer5.3.10.电磁盘electromagnetic chuck5.3.11.电弧炉（直接电弧炉）arc furnace,direct arc furnace5.3.12.感应电炉electric induction furnace 5.3.13.电渣炉electroslag furnace5.3.14.电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation5.3.15.浇包ladle5.3.16.摇包shaking ladle5.3.17.底注包bottom pouring ladle5.3.18.保温炉holding furnace5.3.19.坩埚炉crucible furnace5.3.20.熔融金属处理5.3.21.孕育inoculation5.3.22.多孔塞法porous plug process 5.3.23.变质modification5.3.24.墨化剂graphitizer5.3.25.过热superheating5.3.26.石墨球化处理nodularizing treatmentof graphite5.3.27.碳当量仪eutectometer5.3.28.三角试块wedge test-piece 5.3.29.真空除气vacuum degassing5.4.浇注5.4.1.浇注pouring5.4.2.保护气氛浇注pouring undercontrolled atmosphere5.4.3.浇注速度pouring rate5.4.4.浇注温度pouring temperature5.4.5.浇注时间pouring time5.4.6.浇注位置pouring position5.4.7.型内孕育inmold inoculation5.4.8.压铁weight5.4.9.捣冒口churning, pumping5.4.10.点冒口（补注）teeming5.4.11.浸入式高温计immersion pyremeter 5.4.12.补炉patching5.4.13.炉龄（炉衬寿命）campaign6.工艺设计及工艺装备6.1.工艺设计6.1.1.铸造工艺设计mold design6.1.2.铸造工艺装备设计foundry toolsdesign6.1.3.铸造工艺图foundry moldingdrawing6.1.4.铸件图（毛坯图）drawing of roughcasting6.1.5.起模斜度（拔模斜度）pattern draft 6.1.6.收缩余量shrinkage allowance6.1.7.工艺补正量molding allowance6.1.8.加工余量machining allowance6.1.9.吃砂量mold thickness6.1.10.补贴pad6.1.11.分型负数joint allowance6.1.12.铸件尺寸公差dimensional toleranceof casting6.1.13.铸件重量公差weight allowance ofcasting6.1.14.铸件加工基准面reference face formachining of casting6.1.15.铸件表面粗糙度surface roughnessof casting6.2.浇冒口系统6.2.1.浇注系统（浇口）gating system,running system6.2.2.封闭式浇注系统choked runningsystem, pressurized gating system 6.2.3.半封闭式浇注系统enlarged runnersystem6.2.4.开放式浇注系统unchoked runningsystem, non-pressurized gatingsystem6.2.5.浇口盆（外浇口）pouring basin 6.2.6.浇口杯pouring cup6.2.7.浇口塞blanking-off plug6.2.8.直浇道sprue6.2.9.直浇道窝sprue base6.2.10.横浇道runner6.2.11.筛网芯（滤网芯）strainer core 6.2.12.内浇道ingate6.2.13.离心集渣浇注系统whirl gate, dirttrap system6.2.14.顶注式浇注系统top gating system 6.2.15.底注式浇注系统bottom gatingsystem6.2.16.阶梯式浇注系统step gating system 6.2.17.雨淋浇口shower gate6.2.18.缝隙浇口slot gate6.2.19.压边浇口lip runner, kiss runner6.2.20.牛角式浇口horn gate6.2.21.热节hot spot6.2.22.冒口riser, feeder heed 6.2.23.冒口效率riser efficiency6.2.24.明冒口open riser6.2.25.暗冒口blind riser6.2.26.侧冒口（边冒口）side riser6.2.27.压力冒口pressure riser6.2.28.大气压力冒口atmospheric riser6.2.29.发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-delivered pressure riser6.2.30.透气砂芯pencil core6.2.31.冒口颈riser neck6.2.32.冒口根riser pad6.2.33.保温冒口套heat insulating feedersleeve6.2.34.发热冒口套exothermic feeder sleeve 6.2.35.补缩距离feeding distance, feedingzone6.2.36.易割冒口knock-off head6.2.37.易割片（易割芯片）washburn core 6.2.38.模样6.2.39.铸造工艺装备foundry tools andequipment6.2.40.模样（铸模，模）pattern6.2.41.母模master pattern6.2.42.金属模metal pattern6.2.43.骨架模skeleton pattern6.2.44.石膏模plaster pattern6.2.45.塑料模plastic pattern6.2.46.整体模one-piece pattern6.2.47.分开模parted pattern, split pattern 6.2.48.活块loose piece6.2.49.模板pattern plate6.2.50.模底板pattern mounting plate 6.2.51.单面模板single face pattern plate 6.2.52.双面模板match plate6.2.53.放样（伸图）hot dimensional drawing6.2.54.缩尺（模样工缩尺）shrinkage rule,pattern-maker’s rule6.3.芯盒6.3.1.芯盒core box6.3.2.脱落式芯盒troughed core box 6.3.3.下芯量具core setting scale6.3.4.下芯夹具core jig6.3.5.烘芯板core drying plate6.3.6.砂箱6.3.7.砂箱flask, molding box6.3.8.箱带（箱挡）flask bar, cross bar 6.3.9.脱箱snap flask6.3.10.套箱mold jacket6.3.11.套销hollow pin, stub pin7.造型及造芯7.1.造型7.1.1.造型molding7.1.2.型腔mold cavity7.1.3.铸型（型）mold7.1.4.砂型sand mold7.1.5.上型（上箱）cope, top part7.1.6.下型（下箱）drag, bottom part7.1.7.手工造型hand molding7.1.8.机器造型machine molding7.1.9.自动化造型automatic molding7.1.10.分型面mold joint7.1.11.有箱造型flask molding7.1.12.两箱造型two-part molding7.1.13.三箱造型three-part molding7.1.14.不平分型面stepped joint7.1.15.无箱造型flaskless molding7.1.16.脱箱造型removable flask molding 7.1.17.地坑造型pit molding7.1.18.刮板造型sweep molding 7.1.19.抛砂造型impeller ramming, sandslinging molding7.1.20.组芯造型core assembly molding 7.1.21.假箱造型oddside molding7.1.22.微震压实造型vibratory squeezingmolding7.1.23.高压造型high pressure molding 7.1.24.湿砂型（湿型，潮型）green sandmold7.1.25.砂型烘干mold drying7.1.26.干砂型（干型）dry sand mold 7.1.27.表面烘干型skin dried mold7.1.28.烂砂泥型loam mold7.1.29.砂床bed7.1.30.过渡角transition angle7.1.31.吊砂cod7.1.32.砂钩lifter7.1.33.负压造型（真空密封造型）vacuummolding7.1.34.流态砂造型fluid sand molding7.1.35.漏模pattern stripping7.1.36.填砂mold-filling7.1.37.紧实（紧砂，舂砂）ramming7.1.38.震实jolt ramming7.1.39.压实squeezing ramming7.1.40.紧实度degree of ramming7.1.41.二氧化碳法造型CO2 process7.1.42.自硬砂造型self-hardening sandmolding7.1.43.塞砂tucking7.1.44.刮砂strike-off7.1.45.造型生产线molding line7.1.46.刷水swabbing7.1.47.敲模rapping7.1.48.起模（拔模）stripping7.1.49.扎出气孔venting7.1.50.排气道venting channel7.1.51.修型patching7.1.52.冷铁densener, chill7.1.53.外冷铁surface densener7.1.54.内冷铁internal densener7.1.55.验型（验箱）trial closing7.1.56.合型（合箱，组型）mold assembling,closing7.2.造芯7.2.1.造芯（制芯）core making7.2.2.芯（芯子）core7.2.3.芯骨core rod, core scab7.2.4.油砂芯oil sand core7.2.5.预制芯embeded core, ram upcore7.2.6.芯头core print7.2.7.芯座core print7.2.8.芯头斜度core print taper7.2.9.芯头间隙core print clearance7.2.10.壳芯shell core7.2.11.烘芯core baking7.2.12.通气蜡线vent wax7.2.13.冷芯盒法cold box process7.2.14.热芯盒法hot box process7.2.15.芯撑chaplet7.2.16.造型工具7.2.17.造型工具hand tools of molding 7.2.18.压勺heart and spoon7.2.19.提沟cleaner7.2.20.双头铜勺（秋叶）double ended radiussleeker7.2.21.镘刀trowel7.2.22.造型及造芯设备7.2.23.造型机molding machine 7.2.24.压实造型机squeezing moldingmachine7.2.25.震击台bumper7.2.26.振动台vibrating table7.2.27.微震压实造型机vibratory squeezer 7.2.28.震实造型机jolt molding machine 7.2.29.高压造型机high pressure moldingmachine7.2.30.射压造型机shooting andsqueezing molding machine7.2.31.多触头造型机equalizing pistonsqueezer7.2.32.抛砂机sand slinger7.2.33.起模机drawing machine7.2.34.射砂机core shooter7.2.35.挤芯机core extruder7.2.36.铸型输送机mold conveyor8.铸件落砂及清理8.1.落砂及清理8.1.1.落砂shake-out, knock-out8.1.2.除芯decoring8.1.3.噴砂清理sand blasting8.1.4.抛丸清理shot blasting8.1.5.水力清砂hydraulic cleaning8.1.6.水砂清砂hydraulic blast8.1.7.清理cleaning, fettling8.1.8.清砂cleaning8.1.9.火焰表面清理scarfing8.1.10.清铲chipping8.1.11.化学清砂chemical cleaning8.1.12.精整dressing and finishing8.1.13.落砂机knock-out machine8.1.14.抛丸清理机shot blast machine8.1.15.清理滚筒tumbling barrel8.1.16.抛丸落砂清理设备shot blastreclaiming equipment8.1.17.悬挂式磨轮swing frame grinder 8.1.18.修补及矫正8.1.19.矫正coining, straightening8.1.20.焊补repair welding8.1.21.渗补impregnation8.1.22.特种铸造8.1.23.金属型铸造8.1.24.金属型铸造permanent moldcasting, gravity die casting8.1.25.金属型metal mold8.1.26.金属芯metal core8.1.27.覆砂金属型sand-lined metal mold 8.1.28.排气塞venting plug8.1.29.排气槽air vent8.1.30.龟裂heat checking8.1.31.金属型铸造机gravity die castingmachine9.压力铸造9.1.压力铸造（压铸）die casting,pressure die casting9.2.压铸型die-casting die, die9.3.动型moving die, ejector die half 9.4.定型fixed die, cover die half9.5.合型力clamping force , dielocking force9.6.压室pressure chamber9.7.鹅颈管gooseneck9.8.分流器spreader, sprue spreader9.9.顶杆ejector pin9.10.溢流槽overflow well9.11.压射冲头（压室）injection piston,plunger9.12.压射比压injection pressure 9.13.压射速度injection speed9.14.保压时间dwell time9.15.真空压铸evacuated die casting,vacuum die casting9.16.充氧压铸pore-free die casting9.17.双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad(accurate?) die casting9.18.压铸机die casting machine9.19.冷室压铸机cold chamber diecasting machine9.20.热室压铸机hot chamber diecasting machine9.21.镶铸法insert process9.22.离心铸造9.23.离心铸造true centrifugal casting 9.24.半离心铸造semi-centrifugal casting 9.25.离心浇注centrifugal pressurecasting, centrifuge casting9.26.双金属离心铸造bimetal centrifugalcasting9.27.离心铸造机centrifugal castingmachine10.熔模铸造10.1.失模铸造lost pattern casting10.2.熔模铸造（失蜡铸造）fusible patternmolding, lost-wax molding10.3.压制熔模fusible pattern injection 10.4.压型pattern die10.5.熔模fusible pattern10.6.盐模salt pattern10.7.蜡模wax-pattern10.8.模组pattern assembly10.9.熔模涂料（浆料）slurry10.10.面层涂料investment precoat 10.11.撒砂stuccoing10.12.脱蜡dewaxing10.13.熔烧sintering10.14.壳型铸造10.15.壳型铸造shell molding10.16.结壳时间investing time10.17.结壳温度investing temperature 10.18.硬化温度curing temperature10.19.硬化时间curing time10.20.其它铸造方法10.21.陶瓷型铸造ceramic molding10.22.陶瓷型浆料ceramic slurry10.23.灌浆paste pouring10.24.喷烧torch firing10.25.低压铸造low-pressure die casting 10.26.充型压力mold filling pressure 10.27.保压压力dwell pressure10.28.升液管stalk10.29.真空吸铸suction casting10.30.差压铸造（反压铸造）counter-pressure casting10.31.实型铸造full mold process,cavityless casting10.32.泡沫塑料模styrofoam pattern 10.33.磁型铸造（磁丸铸造）magneticshot molding process10.34.凝壳铸造slush casting10.35.石膏型铸造plaster molding10.36.连续铸造continuous casting11.铸件质量及铸件缺陷11.1.铸件质量基本术语11.1.1.铸件检验inspection of casting 11.1.2.铸件质量分析quality analysis ofcasting11.1.3.铸件外观质量visual quality ofcasting 11.1.4.铸件内在质量internal quality ofcasting11.1.5.铸件使用性能service ability ofcasting11.1.6.单铸试块separated test bar ofcasting11.1.7.附铸试块test lug11.1.8.缺陷铸件defective casting11.1.9.废品reject11.1.10.无损检验（无损探伤）nondestructive inspection11.1.11.破坏性试验destructive testing 11.1.12.多肉类缺陷11.1.13.飞翅（飞边）joint flash11.1.14.毛刺veining11.1.15.抬型（抬箱）cope raise , raisedmold11.1.16.胀箱swell11.1.17.冲砂erosion, cut, wash11.1.18.掉砂drop, crush11.1.19.外渗物（外渗豆）sweat11.2.孔洞类缺陷11.2.1.气孔blow hole11.2.2.针孔pinhole11.2.3.缩孔shrinkage11.2.4.缩松dispersed shrinkage11.2.5.疏松（显微缩松）porositymicroshrinkage11.2.6.裂纹、冷隔类缺陷11.2.7.冷裂cold cracking11.2.8.热裂hot tearing11.2.9.热处理裂纹heat treatment crack 11.2.10.白点（发裂）flake11.2.11.冷隔cold shut, cold lap11.2.12.浇注断流interrupted pour11.2.13.表面缺陷11.2.14.鼠尾rat-tail11.2.15.沟漕buckle11.2.16.夹砂结疤（夹砂）scab11.2.17.机械粘砂（渗透粘砂）metalpenetration11.2.18.化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on 11.2.19.表面粗糙rough surface11.2.20.皱皮elephant skin11.2.21.缩陷depression11.2.22.残缺类缺陷11.2.23.浇不到misrun11.2.24.未浇满poured short11.2.25.跑火run-out, bleeding11.2.26.型漏（漏箱）run-out, bleeding11.2.27.损伤（机械损伤）damage11.2.28.形状及重量差错类缺陷11.2.29.拉长exaggeration of dimension 11.2.30.超重over-weight11.2.31.变形distortion, warping11.2.32.错型（错箱）shift11.2.33.错芯core shift11.2.34.偏芯（漂芯）core raised, corelift 11.3.夹杂类缺陷11.3.1.夹杂物inclusion11.3.2.冷豆cold shot11.3.3.内渗物（内渗豆）internal sweat 11.3.4.渣气孔scum, slag-blow hole11.3.5.砂眼sand inclusion11.3.6.性能、成分、组织不合格11.3.7.亮皮pearlite layer11.3.8.菜花头cauli-flowering11.3.9.石墨飘浮carbon floatation11.3.10.石墨集结kish graphite spot11.3.11.组织粗大open grain structure 11.3.12.偏析segregation11.3.13.硬点hard spot11.3.14.反白口inverse chill11.3.15.球化不良under-nodularizing11.3.16.球化衰退degradated spheroidisation 11.3.17.脱碳decarburization11。