语言学十套题名词解释

语言学十套题名词解释

people who do not speak one another's native language. (讲不同母语的人之间的) 通用语论元In logic,an argument is a stem which refers to some entity

about which a statement is being made.

linguistics is the research associated with language teaching in its

narrow sense.In its broad sense it refers to the research regarding means of application of linguistics in other disciplines.

Bound root are those which cannot occur alone.They must appear with at

least another morpheme.Such as -ceive in receive,perceive,and conceive.

内涵Philosophers use connotation,opposite to denotation,to mean the properties of entity a word denotes.

and is acquired by the children of that community as their native language. Principle(CP for short )was proposed by Paul Grice.It suggests that in making conversation the participants must be willing to co-operate,otherwise it would not be possible for them to carry on the conversation.To specify the CP further,Grice introduced four Maxims:Maxim of Quality,Maxim of Quantity,Maxim

of relevance,Maxim of Manner.The significance of Grice ’s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for speaker to convey more than what is literally said.

语境:The notion of context is essential to the pragmatic study of language. Generally speaking, it consists of the knowledge that is shared by the speaker and the hearer.

Converse antonymy is a special type of antonymy in that the members of a pair do not constitute positive-negative opposition.They show the reversal of

a relationship between two entities.

互补分布:The different allophones of the same phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context.When two or more allophones of one phoneme never occur

in the same linguistic environment they are said to be in complementary distribution.

互补反义词:Means the members of a pair in this type are complemtary to

each other. That is they divide up the whole of a semantic field completely.

Displacement means that human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present at the moment of communication.

方言：a form of a language that is spoken in a particular area.

: a mark, point, or sign added or attached to a letter or character todistinguish it from another of similar form, to give it a particular

phonetic value, to indicate stress,etc., as a cedilla, tilde, circumflex, or macron.

Diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of

its history;therefore, it is also called historical linguistics.

:refer to affixes that are added to words in order to change its grammatical category or its meaning.

描述性研究:is a linguistic approach which studies what language ought to

be and it tries to find the rules that the members of a language community actually conform instead of imposition on other rules,norms.

is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. 对等:refers to the extent which the source language is similar to the target language in terms of form and meaning or stylistic features. 衍推:is a logical relationship between two sentences in which the truth of second necessarily follows from the truth of the first,while the falsity of the first follows

from the falsity of the second.

:such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached. : (also known as

the First Germanic Sound Shift or the Rask's-Grimm's rule), named for Jacob Grimm, is a set of statements describing the inherited Proto-Indo-European(PIE) stops as they developed in Proto-Germanic(PGmc, the common ancestor of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family) in the 1st millennium BC. It establishes a set of regular correspondences between early Germanic stops and fricatives and the stop consonants of certain other centum Indo-European languages (Grimm used mostly Latin and Greek for illustration). As it is presently formulated.

structural and logical function relation of constituents are called grammatical relation.The grammatical relation of a sentence concern the way