联合国海洋法公约(中英文)
1982年联合国海洋法公约
1982年联合国海洋法公约(附英文)【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文) 【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】1982.12.10【实施时间】1982.12.10【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会附件Ⅲ探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅳ企业部章程附件Ⅴ调解第１节按照第ＸＶ部分第１节的调解程序第２节按照第ＸＶ部分第３节提交的强制调解程序附件Ⅵ国际海洋法法庭规约第１节法庭的组织第２节权限第３节程序第４节海底争端分庭第５节修正案附件Ⅶ仲裁附件Ⅷ特别仲裁附件Ⅸ国际组织的参加【名称】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约【题注】简介：本公约于１９８２年１２月１０日在牙买加的蒙特哥湾召开的第三次联合国海洋法会议最后会议上通过，尚未生效。
1982年《联合国海洋法公约》
1982年《联合国海洋法公约》简介：《联合国海洋法公约》（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea，缩写UNCLOS）是一项国际海洋法律文书，于1982年12月10日经联合国大会通过。
公约自1994年11月16日起生效，目前已有167个国家和欧盟成员国加入。
主要内容：《联合国海洋法公约》共包括320多个条款，涵盖了海洋领土划界、经济权益、航行自由、保护和保护环境等多个方面。
以下是公约核心内容：1.领土划界：公约规定了各国在领海、毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架等海洋领域的划分和权益。
2.经济权益：公约确立了各国的专属经济区，将海域划分为领海以外的特定区域，在该区域内国家享有开发、管理和保护自然资源的权利。
3.航行自由：公约维护了国际海域的航行自由原则，确保各国可以以合法和安全的方式自由通过、飞越和停靠其他国家领海和港口。
4.环境保护：公约倡导保护海洋环境，防止海洋污染、保护海洋生物资源，规定了国家的责任和义务。
意义和影响：《联合国海洋法公约》是国际海洋法的基石，为各国在海洋事务中的行为提供了明确的规范。
公约的通过和实施，有助于维护国际和平、加强国际合作、保护海洋环境、促进可持续发展。
公约的缺陷和争议：尽管公约在国际社会中得到广泛认可和采纳，但它仍然存在一些缺陷和争议。
例如，一些国家对于划定领土边界、资源开发和环境保护等问题存在分歧，导致公约的实施和落实的困难。
此外，一些非联合国成员国并未加入公约，这也增加了公约的执行难度。
总结：1982年《联合国海洋法公约》是一项重要的国际法律文书，规定了海洋事务中各国的权利和义务。
公约对于维护海洋和平、保护环境、促进国际合作具有重要意义，但仍面临一些挑战和争议。
国际海洋法公约
国际海洋法公约
一、定义
国际海洋法公约（Convention on the Law of the Sea，简称UNCLOS）是1982年12
月10日由联合国海洋法公约缔结的一项国际法律文件，总共包含了320多项协议，其中
涉及领海范围、沿海权和其他海洋权利等内容。
二、范围
国际海洋法公约定义了海洋权属、海洋正当使用、海洋安全、海洋经济管理和环境保
护等权利和义务，确立了一个统一的国际海洋法律体系，膜拜天捍地者，是推动全球海洋
的开发和保护的重要工具。
1、领海范围：公约要求在各国的领海内，拥有主权管辖权，且只有在领海内的航行
权和经济权利才能得到实现且具有法律效力。
公约定义了新的12海里毗连海岸线为国家
实现领海：12海浪，24海里毗连海岸线领先沙洲，24海里滩外管辖权，200海里专属
经济区。
2、沿海国权利：沿海国拥有防卫区、贡品区、渔业禁海区、渔业管理区、特殊
行政区、划定海洋特别的贡品等概念，以解决沿海国与跨国贸易、跨国捕捞等相关权利问题，维护沿海国拥有的经济权利。
三、实施
有鉴于国际海洋法公约的重要性，全世界各国政府广泛地运用其所包含的权利和义务，认可和全面实施此公约的各项规定。
因此，本公约及其各项规定是成为全球海洋法律体系的重要基石，也是维护海洋合理
利用，维护国际海洋稳定，推动国际和平与发展的重要文件，也是联合国成立以来就受到
联合国会员国广泛推崇和奉行的国际条约之一。
海洋公约法
海洋公约法海洋公约法（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea，简称UNCLOS）是世界上第一部全面规范海洋事务的法律文件，于1982年12月10日在蒙特雷正式签署，1984年11月16日起生效。
UNCLOS共包含320条和九个附件，对海洋事务进行了全面的界定和规范，其中包括海洋界限、航行自由、海洋资源开发、海洋科学研究、海洋环境保护等方面的规定。
UNCLOS对于国际社会而言具有重要意义。
首先，它确立了国家领土的海洋界限，明确了国家对于自己领土和管辖范围内的海洋资源具有法律保护的权利。
根据UNCLOS规定，每个国家都有一个排他性经济区（Exclusive Economic Zone，简称EEZ），该区域从该国陆地或者内水的基线延伸到海洋上的200海里。
在其EEZ内，国家享有经济权益，包括对自然资源的开发利用，如渔业、能源资源等。
此外，UNCLOS还规定了国家之间的领土争端解决机制，促进了地区和平与稳定。
其次，UNCLOS强调了航行自由的原则。
根据公约规定，所有国家均有权在高海洋自由航行，包括船只、飞机和海底电缆的自由通行权。
这意味着国家不能无故停止他国船只自由航行的权利，也不能无故制定歧视性的航行限制规则。
这个原则对于维护国际社会和平与稳定，促进经济合作和文化交流都具有重要意义。
此外，UNCLOS还规定了海洋环境保护的相关原则和规定。
鉴于海洋环境日益恶化和海洋生物资源持续减少的现状，UNCLOS要求国际社会共同努力保护和恢复海洋环境。
公约强调了预防污染、合理利用海洋资源、科学研究合作等多个方面的原则，为国际社会形成对海洋环境保护和可持续利用的共识提供了法律依据。
尽管UNCLOS为世界海洋事务提供了可行的框架和准则，但仍面临着一些挑战。
首先，公约的规定必须得到各国自觉遵守，才能真正发挥效力。
然而，有些国家在实践中可能出于自身利益考虑，采取单边行为违反公约规定，例如无理取闹占领其他国家的岛屿。
完整word版联合国海洋法公约中英文
完整word版联合国海洋法公约中英文relationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the directi on. District le aders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finallystumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private e nt repre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law e nforcement and inspe ction for profit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under the ti cket does not give business impr ovement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systemati c harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd interests. Al ways procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of lawe nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ... Judicial activities were rampa nt, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases i n equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文)【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】1982.12.10【实施时间】1982.12.10【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定Grass-roots g overna nce according to law i s an importa nt foundation for pr omoting the constr uction of rule of la w, but also the most ba sic development e nvironment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order i s not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want t o actively promote the f ield of multi-level governa nce accor ding to law, promote the continuous improvement of the socia l environment. o promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and e ducation on honesty a ndtr ustworthine ss, guide the masse s and consciously abi de by t he law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of graduallycha nging the world, he is not l ooking for but some 湯?unspoken rule s, formed all law lawabide by t he good atmosphere. To strengthe n the comprehensive ma nagement of public security. Deepening peace xingan constr uction, stronglyagainst viole nce crime, mafia and serious criminaloffences, to protect the legitimate rights a nd interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stabilit y. To resolve social confli cts by law. To further sm ooth channels of reporting soci al conditi ons and public opi nion, improving regulati on, arbitration, as well a s dispute resolutionme cha nisms, implement f ully the petitioners ' ca ses hir d-party hearings and supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twini ng visit visit, distur bing social order and other mali cious extortion, resolutely crack dow n. Five, impr oving cadres Vitale, provide str ongpr otection for forest developme nt XI General Secretary stressed that the com prehe nsive revitaliza tion in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, shouldwant to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party ca dres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the br oad masses of cadres work har d work, this is tw o parallelprinciple s. In strict accor dance with the sta ndard s of good cadres selecti on and a ppoint ment, the real officer s, dare officers, those who wa nt to play, good as excellent cadre s at all levels of lea dership in the past. At present, some l eadi ng cadres work i nitiative is not high, beyond politi cal, idle, lazy governa nce g overna nce, not a s, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist t o varying de grees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of ca dres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives andconstraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practi cal solutionor the officers not to problem, m otivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, t he ca dres and create t he new achievement i n a dare to play, em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly sum marized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power forper sonal gain, not to e ngage in trading power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and people. Especially some lawe nforcement and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found directlyunder the ti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a busines s more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. o guarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment ofservi ces, f ully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of lawe nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road traffic admi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defense to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judi cial activities were rampant, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money,must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to dee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, butthere are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the f ield of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. T o pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abi de by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method,method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but some one %unspoken r ules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen the comprehensive ma nagement of public securit y. Dee pening peace xi ngan constr uction, str onglyshould dres is a pledge, dare to pla y. Cadre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, ca dres of the ssed t ive, improvi nd other malici ous extortion, resol utely crack down. Fng cadres Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forest development XI Ge neral Secretary stre hat the comprehensive revitalizang visit visit, disturhe orsing system of letters a nt fully the s well as nion, improvi ons a ooth ony and stability. social vitality, acarry out criminal he legitimate rights and interestcrime, mafia and against viole nce serious criminal offences, to protect ts of citizens, legal persons, policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating nd ear nestly safeguar d social harm T o resolve social confli cts by law. T o further sm channels of reporting social conditi nd public opi ng regulati on, ar bitration, a dispute resoluti on mechani sms, implemepetitioners ' cases hird-party heari ngs and supervind calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into tbit of rule of la w, vexatious, Twini bing social order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better leas not to prctical soluti ct management and and combi s an urgenthusiasm c and social development. We m grees, affected and restricted non still exist to varyince, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative iding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dare officernd a lectids of good cah the sta ciples. In strict a s two parallhard woad masses of ca nable tcessary to Strict manageme husiasm is param want to do workand able to do good, entount. Treat party cadres, it is nent, and warm care, ehe br dres work ork, this iel princcordance wit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excell dres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow, messy and a phenome ng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking2em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized the new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accor dance wit h, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cas es i n which seriously infringe on thelegitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law enforcem ent and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate right s a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the characteristics of production a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To pr omote stri ct enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ... Judicial a ctivities were rampa nt, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice.Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote t he field of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. T o pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abide bythe law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but someone %unspoken rules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen t he comprehensive management of public securit y. Dee pe ning peace xingan constr uction, str ongly should dres is a pledge, dare to play. Ca dre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, cadres of the hat the compre ng cadre nd other malicious extortion, resol utely crack down. Five, improvis Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forestdevelopment XI General Secretary stre ssed thensive revitaliza bing social bit of rule of la nd calpetitioners ' cases hirddispute resoluti ng regulati nd cha To resolve social nd earcy of temper justice wit ns, legal nal offences, to against viole nce crime, mafia and serious crimiprotect t he legitimate rights and interest s of citizepersons, carry out criminal polih mercy, the maximumstim ulating social vitality, anestly safeguar d social harm ony and stability. confli cts by law. To further sm ooth nnels of reporting social conditi ons a public opi nion, improvi on, ar bitration, as well as on mechanisms, impleme nt fully the -party heari ngs and supervising system of letters als, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the or w, vexatious, Twining visit visit, distur order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better lea s not to prctical soluti ct management and and combis an urge nthusiasm c and social development. We m grees, affected and restricted ist to varyi, messy and a phenomence, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative i ding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dareofficernd a lecti ds of good ca h the sta el principles. In strict a ork, this idres work he brnt, and warm care, eount. Treat party cadres, it is nee to do good, entwant to do work and abl husiasm is param cessary to Strict managemenable t oad masses of cahard w s twoparall ccordance wit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excelldres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow non still exng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking3em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly sum marized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to e ngage in trading power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees,la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and people. Especially some law e nforcement and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found directly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a busines s more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. o guarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of servi ces, f ully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defense to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judi cial activities were rampant, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate themiscarriage, vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the f ield of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. T o pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abi de by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but some one %unspoken r ules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen the comprehensive ma nagement of public securit y. Dee pening peace xi ngan constr uction, str onglyshould dres is a pledge, dare to pla y. Cadre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, ca dres of the ssed t ive, improvi nd other malici ous extortion, resol utely crack down. Fng cadres Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forest development XI Ge neral Secretary stre hat the comprehensive revitalizang visit visit, disturhe orsing system of letters a nt fully the s well as nion, improvi ons a ooth ony and stability. social vitality, acarry out criminal he legitimate rights and interestcrime, mafia and against viole nce serious criminal offences, to protect ts of citizens, legal persons, policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating nd ear nestly safeguar d social harm To resolve social confli cts by law. To further sm channels of reporting social conditi nd public opi ng regulati on, ar bitration, a dispute resoluti on mechani sms, implemepetitioners ' cases hird-party heari ngs and supervind calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into tbit of rule of la w, vexatious,Twini bing social order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better leas not to prctical soluti ct management and and combi s an urgenthusiasm c and social development. We mgrees, affected and restricted non still exist to varyince, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative iding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dare officernd a lectids of good cah the sta ciples. In strict a s two parallhard woad masses of ca nable tcessary to Strict manageme husiasm is param want to do work and able to do good, entount. Treat party cadres, it is nent, and warm care, ehe br dres work ork, this iel princcordance wit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excell dres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow, messy and a phenome ng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking4em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized the new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accor dance wit h, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be stdevelopment environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cas es i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law enforcem ent and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate right s a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the characteristics of production a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To pr omote stri ct enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ...。
联合国海洋法公约英文版
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982PREAMBLEThe States Parties to this Convention,Prompted by the desire to settle, in a spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation, all issues relating to the law of the sea and aware of the historic significance of this Convention as an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice and progress for all peoples of the world,Noting that developments since the United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea held at Geneva in 1958 and 1960 have accentuated the need for a new and generally acceptable Convention on the law of the sea,Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole,Recognizing the desirability of establishing through this Convention, with due regard for the sovereignty of all States, a legal order for the seas and oceans which will facilitate international communication, and will promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of their living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment,Bearing in mind that the achievement of these goals will contribute to the realization of a just and equitable international economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole and, in particular, the special interests and needs of developing countries, whether coastal or land-locked,Desiring by this Convention to develop the principles embodied in resolution 2749 (XXV) of 17 December 1970 in which the General Assembly of the United Nations solemnly declared inter alia that the area of the seabed and ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as well as its resources, are the common heritageof mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of the geographical location of States,Believing that the codification and progressive development of the law of the sea achieved in this Convention will contribute to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among all nations in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and will promote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter,Affirming that matters not regulated by this Convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law,Have agreed as follows:PART IINTRODUCTIONArticle 1Use of terms and scope1. For the purposes of this Convention:(1) "Area" means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;(2) "Authority" means the International Seabed Authority;(3) "activities in the Area" means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;(4) "pollution of the marine environment" means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities;(5) (a) "dumping" means:(i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matterfrom vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-madestructures at sea;(ii) any deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft,platforms or other man-made structures at sea;(b) "dumping" does not include:(i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidentalto, or derived from the normal operations of vessels,aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures atsea and their equipment, other than wastes or othermatter transported by or to vessels, aircraft,platforms or other man-made structures at sea,operating for the purpose of disposal of such matteror derived from the treatment of such wastes or othermatter on such vessels, aircraft, platforms orstructures;(ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than themere disposal thereof, provided that such placement isnot contrary to the aims of this Convention.2. (1) "States Parties" means States which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.(2) This Convention applies mutatis mutandis to the entities referred to in article 305, paragraph l(b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), which becomeParties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each, and to that extent "States Parties" refers to those entities.PART IITERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONESECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle2Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air spaceover the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil1. The sovereignty of a coastal State extends, beyond its land territory and internal waters and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea.2. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.3. The sovereignty over the territorial sea is exercised subject to this Convention and to other rules of international law.SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEAArticle3Breadth of the territorial seaEvery State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention.Article4Outer limit of the territorial seaThe outer limit of the territorial sea is the line every point of which is at a distance from the nearest point of the baseline equal to the breadth of the territorial sea.Article5Normal baselineExcept where otherwise provided in this Convention, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.Article6ReefsIn the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing reefs, the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the seaward low-water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on charts officially recognized by the coastal State.Article7Straight baselines1. In localities where the coastline is deeply indented and cut into, or if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.2. Where because of the presence of a delta and other natural conditions the coastline is highly unstable, the appropriate points may be selected along the furthest seaward extent of the low-water line and, notwithstanding subsequent regression of the low-water line, the straight baselines shall remain effective until changed by the coastal State in accordance with this Convention.3. The drawing of straight baselines must not depart to any appreciable extent from the general direction of the coast, and the sea areas lying within the lines must be sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters.4. Straight baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevations, unless lighthouses or similar installations which are permanently above sea level have been built on them or except in instances where the drawing of baselines to and from such elevations has received general international recognition.5. Where the method of straight baselines is applicable under paragraph 1, account may be taken, in determining particular baselines, of economic interests peculiar to the region concerned, the reality and the importance of which are clearly evidenced by long usage.6. The system of straight baselines may not be applied by a State in sucha manner as to cut off the territorial sea of another State from the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.Article8Internal waters1. Except as provided in Part IV, waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the State.2. Where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with the method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosing as internal waters areas which had not previously been considered as such, a right of innocent passage as provided in this Convention shall exist in those waters.Article9Mouths of riversIf a river flows directly into the sea, the baseline shall be a straight line across the mouth of the river between points on the low-water line of its banks.Article10Bays1. This article relates only to bays the coasts of which belong to a single State.2. For the purposes of this Convention, a bay is a well-marked indentation whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its mouth as to contain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere curvature of the coast. An indentation shall not, however, be regarded as a bay unless its area is as large as, or larger than, that of the semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation.3. For the purpose of measurement, the area of an indentation is that lying between the low-water mark around the shore of the indentation and a line joining the low-water mark of its natural entrance points. Where, because of the presence of islands, an indentation has more than one mouth, the semi-circle shall be drawn on a line as long as the sum total of the lengthsof the lines across the different mouths. Islands within an indentation shall be included as if they were part of the water area of the indentation.4. If the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay does not exceed 24 nautical miles, a closing line may be drawn between these two low-water marks, and the waters enclosed thereby shall be considered as internal waters.5. Where the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay exceeds 24 nautical miles, a straight baseline of24 nautical miles shall be drawn within the bay in such a manner as to enclose the maximum area of water that is possible with a line of that length.6. The foregoing provisions do not apply to so-called "historic" bays, or in any case where the system of straight baselines provided for in article 7 is applied.Article11PortsFor the purpose of delimiting the territorial sea, the outermost permanent harbour works which form an integral part of the harbour system are regarded as forming part of the coast. Off-shore installations and artificial islands shall not be considered as permanent harbour works.Article12RoadsteadsRoadsteads which are normally used for the loading, unloading and anchoring of ships, and which would otherwise be situated wholly or partly outside the outer limit of the territorial sea, are included in the territorial sea.Article13Low-tide elevations1. A low-tide elevation is a naturally formed area of land which is surrounded by and above water at low tide but submerged at high tide. Where a low-tide elevation is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, the low-water line on that elevation may be used as the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea.2. Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distance exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, it has no territorial sea of its own.Article14Combination of methods for determining baselinesThe coastal State may determine baselines in turn by any of the methods provided for in the foregoing articles to suit different conditions.Article15Delimitation of the territorial sea between Stateswith opposite or adjacent coastsWhere the coasts of two States are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement between them to the contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two States is measured. The above provision does not apply, however, where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other special circumstances to delimit the territorial seas of the two States in a way which is at variance therewith.Article16Charts and lists of geographical coordinates1. The baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea determined in accordance with articles 7, 9 and 10, or the limits derived therefrom, and the lines of delimitation drawn in accordance with articles 12 and 15 shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position. Alternatively, a list of geographical coordinates of points, specifying the geodetic datum, may be substituted.2. The coastal State shall give due publicity to such charts or lists of geographical coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such chart or list with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEASUBSECTION A. RULES APPLICABLE TO ALL SHIPSArticle17Right of innocent passageSubject to this Convention, ships of all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.Article18Meaning of passage1. Passage means navigation through the territorial sea for the purpose of:(a) traversing that sea without entering internalwaters or calling at a roadstead or port facilityoutside internal waters; or(b) proceeding to or from internal waters or a call atsuch roadstead or port facility.2. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious. However, passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only in so far as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, ships or aircraft in danger or distress.Article19Meaning of innocent passage1. Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. Such passage shall take place in conformity with this Convention and with other rules of international law.2. Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State if in the territorial sea it engages in any of the following activities:(a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty,territorial integrity or political independence of thecoastal State, or in any other manner in violation ofthe principles of international law embodied in theCharter of the United Nations;(b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;(c) any act aimed at collecting information to theprejudice of the defence or security of the coastalState;(d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting thedefence or security of the coastal State;(e) the launching, landing or taking on board of anyaircraft;(f) the launching, landing or taking on board of anymilitary device;(g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currencyor person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigrationor sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State;(h) any act of wilful and serious pollution contraryto this Convention;(i) any fishing activities;(j) the carrying out of research or survey activities;(k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems ofcommunication or any other facilities or installationsof the coastal State;(l) any other activity not having a direct bearing onpassage.Article20Submarines and other underwater vehiclesIn the territorial sea, submarines and other underwater vehicles are required to navigate on the surface and to show their flag.Article21Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage1. The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law,relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following:(a) the safety of navigation and the regulation ofmaritime traffic;(b) the protection of navigational aids and facilitiesand other facilities or installations;(c) the protection of cables and pipelines;(d) the conservation of the living resources of thesea;(e) the prevention of infringement of the fisherieslaws and regulations of the coastal State;(f) the preservation of the environment of the coastalState and the prevention, reduction and control ofpollution thereof;(g) marine scientific research and hydrographicsurveys;(h) the prevention of infringement of the customs,fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulationsof the coastal State.2. Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards.3. The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.4. Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea.Article22Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea1. The coastal State may, where necessary having regard to the safety of navigation, require foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through its territorial sea to use such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes as it may designate or prescribe for the regulation of the passage of ships.2. In particular, tankers, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances or materials may be required to confine their passage to such sea lanes.3. In the designation of sea lanes and the prescription of traffic separation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into account:(a) the recommendations of the competent internationalorganization;(b) any channels customarily used for internationalnavigation;(c) the special characteristics of particular ships and channels; and(d) the density of traffic.4. The coastal State shall clearly indicate such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes on charts to which due publicity shall be given.Article23Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substancesForeign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances shall, when exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, carry documentsand observe special precautionary measures established for such ships by international agreements.Article24Duties of the coastal State1. The coastal State shall not hamper the innocent passage of foreign ships through the territorial sea except in accordance with this Convention. In particular, in the application of this Convention or of any laws or regulations adopted in conformity with this Convention, the coastal State shall not:(a) impose requirements on foreign ships which have thepractical effect of denying or impairing the right ofinnocent passage; or(b) discriminate in form or in fact against the shipsof any State or against ships carrying cargoes to, fromor on behalf of any State.2. The coastal State shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation, of which it has knowledge, within its territorial sea.Article25Rights of protection of the coastal State1. The coastal State may take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent passage which is not innocent.2. In the case of ships proceeding to internal waters or a call at a port facility outside internal waters, the coastal State also has the right to take the necessary steps to prevent any breach of the conditions to which admission of those ships to internal waters or such a call is subject.3. The coastal State may, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises. Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.Article26Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships1. No charge may be levied upon foreign ships by reason only of their passage through the territorial sea.2. Charges may be levied upon a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea as payment only for specific services rendered to the ship. These charges shall be levied without discrimination.SUBSECTION B. RULES APPLICABLE TOMERCHANT SHIPS AND GOVERNMENT SHIPSOPERATED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSESArticle27Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship1. The criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not be exercised on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage, save only in the following cases:(a) if the consequences of the crime extend to thecoastal State;(b) if the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace ofthe country or the good order of the territorial sea;(c) if the assistance of the local authorities has beenrequested by the master of the ship or by a diplomaticagent or consular officer of the flag State; or(d) if such measures are necessary for the suppressionof illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances.2. The above provisions do not affect the right of the coastal State to take any steps authorized by its laws for the purpose of an arrest or investigation on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.3. In the cases provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2, the coastal State shall, if the master so requests, notify a diplomatic agent or consular officer of the flag State before taking any steps, and shall facilitate contact between such agent or officer and the ship's crew. In cases of emergency this notification may be communicated while the measures are being taken.4. In considering whether or in what manner an arrest should be made, the local authorities shall have due regard to the interests of navigation.5. Except as provided in Part XII or with respect to violations of laws and regulations adopted in accordance with Part V, the coastal State may not take any steps on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed before the ship entered the territorial sea, if the ship, proceeding from a foreign port, is only passing through the territorial sea without entering internal waters.Article28Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships1. The coastal State should not stop or divert a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea for the purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction in relation to a person on board the ship.2. The coastal State may not levy execution against or arrest the ship for the purpose of any civil proceedings, save only in respect of obligations or liabilities assumed or incurred by the ship itself in the course or for the purpose of its voyage through the waters of the coastal State.3. Paragraph 2 is without prejudice to the right of the coastal State, in accordance with its laws, to levy execution against or to arrest, for the purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship lying in the territorial sea, or passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.SUBSECTION C. RULES APPLICABLE TOWARSHIPS AND OTHER GOVERNMENT SHIPSOPERATED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSESArticle29Definition of warshipsFor the purposes of this Convention, "warship" means a ship belonging to the armed forces of a State bearing the external marks distinguishing such ships of its nationality, under the command of an officer duly commissioned by the government of the State and whose name appears in the appropriate service list or its equivalent, and manned by a crew which is under regular armed forces discipline.Article30Non-compliance by warships with the laws and regulationsof the coastal StateIf any warship does not comply with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea and disregards any request for compliance therewith which is made to it, the coastal State may require it to leave the territorial sea immediately.Article31Responsibility of the flag State for damage caused by a warshipor other government ship operated for non-commercial purposesThe flag State shall bear international responsibility for any loss or damage to the coastal State resulting from the non-compliance by a warship or other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea or with the provisions of this Convention or other rules of international law.Article32Immunities of warships and other government shipsoperated for non-commercial purposesWith such exceptions as are contained in subsection A and in articles 30 and 31, nothing in this Convention affects the immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes.SECTION 4. CONTIGUOUS ZONEArticle33Contiguous zone1. In a zone contiguous to its territorial sea, described as the contiguous zone, the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to:(a) prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal,immigration or sanitary laws and regulations withinits territory or territorial sea;(b) punish infringement of the above laws andregulations committed within its territory orterritorial sea.2. The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.PART IIISTRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATIONSECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle34Legal status of waters forming straits used for international navigation1. The regime of passage through straits used for international navigation established in this Part shall not in other respects affect the legal status of the waters forming such straits or the exercise by the States bordering the straits of their sovereignty or jurisdiction over such waters and their air space, bed and subsoil.2. The sovereignty or jurisdiction of the States bordering the straits is exercised subject to this Part and to other rules of international law.Article35Scope of this PartNothing in this Part affects:(a) any areas of internal waters within a strait, except wherethe establishment of a straight baseline in accordance withthe method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosingas internal waters areas which had not previously beenconsidered as such;(b) the legal status of the waters beyond the territorial seasof States bordering straits as exclusive economic zones orhigh seas; or(c) the legal regime in straits in which passage is regulatedin whole or in part by long-standing internationalconventions in force specifically relating to such straits.Article36High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used for international navigationThis Part does not apply to a strait used for international navigation if there exists through the strait a route through the high seas or through an exclusive economic zone of similar convenience with respect to navigational and hydrographical characteristics; in such routes, the other relevant Parts of this Convention, including the provisions regarding the freedoms of navigation and overflight, apply.。
联合国海洋法公约中英文)
【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文) 【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】【实施时间】【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会附件Ⅲ探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅳ企业部章程附件Ⅴ调解第１节按照第ＸＶ部分第１节的调解程序第２节按照第ＸＶ部分第３节提交的强制调解程序附件Ⅵ国际海洋法法庭规约第１节法庭的组织第２节权限第３节程序第４节海底争端分庭第５节修正案附件Ⅶ仲裁附件Ⅷ特别仲裁附件Ⅸ国际组织的参加【名称】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约【题注】简介：本公约于１９８２年１２月１０日在牙买加的蒙特哥湾召开的第三次联合国海洋法会议最后会议上通过，尚未生效。
联合国海洋法公约
《联合国海洋法公约》——United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
简称：UNCLOS
第XV部分争端的解决
第２９２条船只和船员的迅速释放
１．如果缔约国当局扣留一艘悬挂另一缔约国旗帜的船只，而且据指控，扣留国在合理的保证书或其他财政担保经提供后仍然没有遵从本公约的规定，将该船只或其船员迅速释放，释放问题可向争端各方协议的任何法院或法庭提出，如从扣留时起十日内不能达成这种协议，则除争端各方另有协议名，可向扣留国根据第２８７条接受的法院或法庭，或向国际海洋法法庭提出。
２．这种释放的申请，仅可由船旗国或以该国名义提出。
３．法院或法庭应不迟延地处理关于释放的申请，并且应仅处理释放问题，而不影响在主管的国内法庭对该船只、其船主或船员的任何案件的是非曲直。
扣留国当局应仍有权随时释放该船只或其船员。
４．在法院或法庭裁定的保证书或其他财政担保经提供后，扣留国当局应迅速遵从法院或法庭关于释放船只或其船员的裁定。
第７３条沿海国法律和规章的执行
１．沿海国行使其勘探、开发、养护和管理在专属经济区内的生物资源的主权权利时，可采取为确保其依照本公约制定的法律和规章得到遵守所必要的措施，包括登临、检查、逮捕和进行司法程序。
２．被逮捕的船只及其船员，在提出适当的保证书或其他担保后，应迅速获得释放。
３．沿海国对于在专属经济区内违犯渔业法律和规章的处罚，如有关国家无相反的协议，不得包括监禁，或任何其他方式的体罚。
４．在逮捕或扣留外国船只的情形下，沿海国应通过适当途径将其所采取的行动及随后所施加的任何处罚迅速通知船旗国。
最新联合国海洋法公约英文版
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982PREAMBLEThe States Parties to this Convention,Prompted by the desire to settle, in a spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation, all issues relating to the law of the sea and aware of the historic significance of this Convention as an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice and progress for all peoples of the world,Noting that developments since the United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea held at Geneva in 1958 and 1960 have accentuated the need for a new and generally acceptable Convention on the law of the sea,Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole,Recognizing the desirability of establishing through this Convention, with due regard for the sovereignty of all States, a legal order for the seas and oceans which will facilitate international communication, and will promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of their living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment,Bearing in mind that the achievement of these goals will contribute to the realization of a just and equitable international economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole and, in particular, the special interests and needs of developing countries, whether coastal or land-locked,Desiring by this Convention to develop the principles embodied in resolution 2749 (XXV) of 17 December 1970 in which the General Assembly of the United Nations solemnly declared inter alia that the area of the seabed and ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as well as its resources, are the common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of the geographical location of States,Believing that the codification and progressive development of the law of the sea achieved in this Convention will contribute to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among all nations in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and will promote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter,Affirming that matters not regulated by this Convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law,Have agreed as follows:PART IINTRODUCTIONArticle 1Use of terms and scope1. For the purposes of this Convention:(1) "Area" means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;(2) "Authority" means the International Seabed Authority;(3) "activities in the Area" means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;(4) "pollution of the marine environment" means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities;(5) (a) "dumping" means:(i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matterfrom vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-madestructures at sea;(ii) any deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft,platforms or other man-made structures at sea;(b) "dumping" does not include:(i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidentalto, or derived from the normal operations of vessels,aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures atsea and their equipment, other than wastes or othermatter transported by or to vessels, aircraft,platforms or other man-made structures at sea,operating for the purpose of disposal of such matteror derived from the treatment of such wastes or othermatter on such vessels, aircraft, platforms orstructures;(ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than themere disposal thereof, provided that such placement isnot contrary to the aims of this Convention.2. (1) "States Parties" means States which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.(2) This Convention applies mutatis mutandis to the entities referred to in article 305, paragraph l(b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), which become Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each, and to that extent "States Parties" refers to those entities.PART IITERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONESECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle2Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air spaceover the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil1. The sovereignty of a coastal State extends, beyond its land territory and internal waters and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea.2. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.3. The sovereignty over the territorial sea is exercised subject to this Convention and to other rules of international law.SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEAArticle3Breadth of the territorial seaEvery State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention.Article4Outer limit of the territorial seaThe outer limit of the territorial sea is the line every point of which is at a distance from the nearest point of the baseline equal to the breadth of the territorial sea.Article5Normal baselineExcept where otherwise provided in this Convention, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.Article6ReefsIn the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing reefs, the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the seaward low-water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on charts officially recognized by the coastal State.Article7Straight baselines1. In localities where the coastline is deeply indented and cut into, or if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.2. Where because of the presence of a delta and other natural conditions the coastline is highly unstable, the appropriate points may be selected along the furthest seaward extent of the low-water line and, notwithstanding subsequent regression of the low-water line, the straight baselines shall remain effective until changed by the coastal State in accordance with this Convention.3. The drawing of straight baselines must not depart to any appreciable extent from the general direction of the coast, and the sea areas lying within the lines must be sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters.4. Straight baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevations, unless lighthouses or similar installations which are permanently above sea level have been built on them or except in instances where the drawing of baselines to and from such elevations has received general international recognition.5. Where the method of straight baselines is applicable under paragraph 1, account may be taken, in determining particular baselines, of economic interests peculiar to the region concerned, the reality and the importance of which are clearly evidenced by long usage.6. The system of straight baselines may not be applied by a State in sucha manner as to cut off the territorial sea of another State from the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.Article8Internal waters1. Except as provided in Part IV, waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the State.2. Where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with the method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosing as internal waters areas which had not previously been considered as such, a right of innocent passage as provided in this Convention shall exist in those waters.Article9Mouths of riversIf a river flows directly into the sea, the baseline shall be a straight line across the mouth of the river between points on the low-water line of its banks.Article10Bays1. This article relates only to bays the coasts of which belong to a single State.2. For the purposes of this Convention, a bay is a well-marked indentation whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its mouth as tocontain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere curvature of the coast. An indentation shall not, however, be regarded as a bay unless its area is as large as, or larger than, that of the semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation.3. For the purpose of measurement, the area of an indentation is that lying between the low-water mark around the shore of the indentation and a line joining the low-water mark of its natural entrance points. Where, because of the presence of islands, an indentation has more than one mouth, the semi-circle shall be drawn on a line as long as the sum total of the lengths of the lines across the different mouths. Islands within an indentation shall be included as if they were part of the water area of the indentation.4. If the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay does not exceed 24 nautical miles, a closing line may be drawn between these two low-water marks, and the waters enclosed thereby shall be considered as internal waters.5. Where the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay exceeds 24 nautical miles, a straight baseline of24 nautical miles shall be drawn within the bay in such a manner as to enclose the maximum area of water that is possible with a line of that length.6. The foregoing provisions do not apply to so-called "historic" bays, or in any case where the system of straight baselines provided for in article 7 is applied.Article11PortsFor the purpose of delimiting the territorial sea, the outermost permanent harbour works which form an integral part of the harbour system are regarded as forming part of the coast. Off-shore installations and artificial islands shall not be considered as permanent harbour works.Article12RoadsteadsRoadsteads which are normally used for the loading, unloading and anchoring of ships, and which would otherwise be situated wholly or partly outside the outer limit of the territorial sea, are included in the territorial sea.Article13Low-tide elevations1. A low-tide elevation is a naturally formed area of land which is surrounded by and above water at low tide but submerged at high tide. Where a low-tide elevation is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, the low-water line on that elevation may be used as the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea.2. Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distance exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, it has no territorial sea of its own.Article14Combination of methods for determining baselinesThe coastal State may determine baselines in turn by any of the methods provided for in the foregoing articles to suit different conditions.Article15Delimitation of the territorial sea between Stateswith opposite or adjacent coastsWhere the coasts of two States are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement between them to the contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two States is measured. The above provision does not apply, however, where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other special circumstances todelimit the territorial seas of the two States in a way which is at variance therewith.Article16Charts and lists of geographical coordinates1. The baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea determined in accordance with articles 7, 9 and 10, or the limits derived therefrom, and the lines of delimitation drawn in accordance with articles 12 and 15 shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position. Alternatively, a list of geographical coordinates of points, specifying the geodetic datum, may be substituted.2. The coastal State shall give due publicity to such charts or lists of geographical coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such chart or list with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEASUBSECTION A. RULES APPLICABLE TO ALL SHIPSArticle17Right of innocent passageSubject to this Convention, ships of all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.Article18Meaning of passage1. Passage means navigation through the territorial sea for the purpose of:(a) traversing that sea without entering internalwaters or calling at a roadstead or port facilityoutside internal waters; or(b) proceeding to or from internal waters or a call atsuch roadstead or port facility.2. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious. However, passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only in so far as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, ships or aircraft in danger or distress.Article19Meaning of innocent passage1. Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. Such passage shall take place in conformity with this Convention and with other rules of international law.2. Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State if in the territorial sea it engages in any of the following activities:(a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty,territorial integrity or political independence of thecoastal State, or in any other manner in violation ofthe principles of international law embodied in theCharter of the United Nations;(b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;(c) any act aimed at collecting information to theprejudice of the defence or security of the coastalState;(d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting thedefence or security of the coastal State;(e) the launching, landing or taking on board of anyaircraft;(f) the launching, landing or taking on board of anymilitary device;(g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currencyor person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigrationor sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State;(h) any act of wilful and serious pollution contraryto this Convention;(i) any fishing activities;(j) the carrying out of research or survey activities;(k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems ofcommunication or any other facilities or installationsof the coastal State;(l) any other activity not having a direct bearing onpassage.Article20Submarines and other underwater vehiclesIn the territorial sea, submarines and other underwater vehicles are required to navigate on the surface and to show their flag.Article21Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage1. The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law, relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following:(a) the safety of navigation and the regulation ofmaritime traffic;(b) the protection of navigational aids and facilitiesand other facilities or installations;(c) the protection of cables and pipelines;(d) the conservation of the living resources of thesea;(e) the prevention of infringement of the fisherieslaws and regulations of the coastal State;(f) the preservation of the environment of the coastalState and the prevention, reduction and control ofpollution thereof;(g) marine scientific research and hydrographicsurveys;(h) the prevention of infringement of the customs,fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulationsof the coastal State.2. Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards.3. The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.4. Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea.Article22Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea1. The coastal State may, where necessary having regard to the safety of navigation, require foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through its territorial sea to use such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes as it may designate or prescribe for the regulation of the passage of ships.2. In particular, tankers, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances or materials may be required to confine their passage to such sea lanes.3. In the designation of sea lanes and the prescription of traffic separation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into account:(a) the recommendations of the competent internationalorganization;(b) any channels customarily used for internationalnavigation;(c) the special characteristics of particular ships and channels; and(d) the density of traffic.4. The coastal State shall clearly indicate such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes on charts to which due publicity shall be given.Article23Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substancesForeign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances shall, when exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, carry documents and observe special precautionary measures established for such ships by international agreements.Article24Duties of the coastal State1. The coastal State shall not hamper the innocent passage of foreign ships through the territorial sea except in accordance with this Convention. In particular, in the application of this Convention or of any laws or regulations adopted in conformity with this Convention, the coastal State shall not:(a) impose requirements on foreign ships which have thepractical effect of denying or impairing the right ofinnocent passage; or(b) discriminate in form or in fact against the shipsof any State or against ships carrying cargoes to, fromor on behalf of any State.2. The coastal State shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation, of which it has knowledge, within its territorial sea.Article25Rights of protection of the coastal State1. The coastal State may take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent passage which is not innocent.2. In the case of ships proceeding to internal waters or a call at a port facility outside internal waters, the coastal State also has the right to take the necessary steps to prevent any breach of the conditions to which admission of those ships to internal waters or such a call is subject.3. The coastal State may, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises. Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.Article26Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships1. No charge may be levied upon foreign ships by reason only of their passage through the territorial sea.2. Charges may be levied upon a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea as payment only for specific services rendered to the ship. These charges shall be levied without discrimination.SUBSECTION B. RULES APPLICABLE TOMERCHANT SHIPS AND GOVERNMENT SHIPSOPERATED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSESArticle27Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship1. The criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not be exercised on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage, save only in the following cases:(a) if the consequences of the crime extend to thecoastal State;(b) if the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace ofthe country or the good order of the territorial sea;(c) if the assistance of the local authorities has beenrequested by the master of the ship or by a diplomaticagent or consular officer of the flag State; or(d) if such measures are necessary for the suppressionof illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances.2. The above provisions do not affect the right of the coastal State to take any steps authorized by its laws for the purpose of an arrest or investigation on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.3. In the cases provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2, the coastal State shall, if the master so requests, notify a diplomatic agent or consular officer of the flag State before taking any steps, and shall facilitate contact between such agent or officer and the ship's crew. In cases of emergency this notification may be communicated while the measures are being taken.4. In considering whether or in what manner an arrest should be made, the local authorities shall have due regard to the interests of navigation.5. Except as provided in Part XII or with respect to violations of laws and regulations adopted in accordance with Part V, the coastal State maynot take any steps on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed before the ship entered the territorial sea, if the ship, proceeding from a foreign port, is only passing through the territorial sea without entering internal waters.Article28Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships1. The coastal State should not stop or divert a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea for the purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction in relation to a person on board the ship.2. The coastal State may not levy execution against or arrest the ship for the purpose of any civil proceedings, save only in respect of obligations or liabilities assumed or incurred by the ship itself in the course or for the purpose of its voyage through the waters of the coastal State.3. Paragraph 2 is without prejudice to the right of the coastal State, in accordance with its laws, to levy execution against or to arrest, for the purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship lying in the territorial sea, or passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.SUBSECTION C. RULES APPLICABLE TOWARSHIPS AND OTHER GOVERNMENT SHIPSOPERATED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSESArticle29Definition of warshipsFor the purposes of this Convention, "warship" means a ship belonging to the armed forces of a State bearing the external marks distinguishing such ships of its nationality, under the command of an officer duly commissioned by the government of the State and whose name appears in theappropriate service list or its equivalent, and manned by a crew which is under regular armed forces discipline.Article30Non-compliance by warships with the laws and regulationsof the coastal StateIf any warship does not comply with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea and disregards any request for compliance therewith which is made to it, the coastal State may require it to leave the territorial sea immediately.Article31Responsibility of the flag State for damage caused by a warshipor other government ship operated for non-commercial purposesThe flag State shall bear international responsibility for any loss or damage to the coastal State resulting from the non-compliance by a warship or other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea or with the provisions of this Convention or other rules of international law.Article32Immunities of warships and other government shipsoperated for non-commercial purposesWith such exceptions as are contained in subsection A and in articles 30 and 31, nothing in this Convention affects the immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes.SECTION 4. CONTIGUOUS ZONEArticle33Contiguous zone1. In a zone contiguous to its territorial sea, described as the contiguous zone, the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to:(a) prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal,immigration or sanitary laws and regulations withinits territory or territorial sea;(b) punish infringement of the above laws andregulations committed within its territory orterritorial sea.2. The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.PART IIISTRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATIONSECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle34Legal status of waters forming straits used for international navigation1. The regime of passage through straits used for international navigation established in this Part shall not in other respects affect the legal status of the waters forming such straits or the exercise by the States bordering the straits of their sovereignty or jurisdiction over such waters and their air space, bed and subsoil.2. The sovereignty or jurisdiction of the States bordering the straits is exercised subject to this Part and to other rules of international law.Article35Scope of this PartNothing in this Part affects:(a) any areas of internal waters within a strait, except wherethe establishment of a straight baseline in accordance withthe method set forth in article 7 has the effect of enclosingas internal waters areas which had not previously beenconsidered as such;(b) the legal status of the waters beyond the territorial seasof States bordering straits as exclusive economic zones orhigh seas; or(c) the legal regime in straits in which passage is regulatedin whole or in part by long-standing internationalconventions in force specifically relating to such straits.Article36High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used for international navigationThis Part does not apply to a strait used for international navigation if there exists through the strait a route through the high seas or through an exclusive economic zone of similar convenience with respect to navigational and hydrographical characteristics; in such routes, the other relevant Parts of this Convention, including the provisions regarding the freedoms of navigation and overflight, apply.SECTION 2. TRANSIT PASSAGEArticle37Scope of this section。
联合国海洋法公约(中英文)
【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文) 【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】1982.12.10【实施时间】1982.12.10【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会附件Ⅲ探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅳ企业部章程附件Ⅴ调解第１节按照第ＸＶ部分第１节的调解程序第２节按照第ＸＶ部分第３节提交的强制调解程序附件Ⅵ国际海洋法法庭规约第１节法庭的组织第２节权限第３节程序第４节海底争端分庭第５节修正案附件Ⅶ仲裁附件Ⅷ特别仲裁附件Ⅸ国际组织的参加【名称】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约【题注】简介：本公约于１９８２年１２月１０日在牙买加的蒙特哥湾召开的第三次联合国海洋法会议最后会议上通过，尚未生效。
完整word版联合国海洋法公约中英文
relationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the directi on. District le aders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finallystumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private e nt repre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law e nforcement and inspe ction for profit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under the ti cket does not give business impr ovement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systemati c harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd interests. Al ways procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of lawe nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ... Judicial activities were rampa nt, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage,vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases i n equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文)【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】1982.12.10【实施时间】1982.12.10【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定Grass-roots g overna nce according to law i s an importa nt foundation for pr omoting the constr uction of rule of la w, but also the most ba sic development e nvironment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order i s not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want t o actively promote the f ield of multi-level governa nceaccor ding to law, promote the continuous improvement of the socia l environment. o promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and e ducation on honesty a ndtr ustworthine ss, guide the masse s and consciously abi de by t he law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of graduallycha nging the world, he is not l ooking for but some湯?unspoken rule s, formed all law lawabide by t he good atmosphere. To strengthe n the comprehensive ma nagement of public security. Deepening peace xingan constr uction, stronglyagainst viole nce crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights a nd interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stabilit y. To resolve social confli cts by law. To further sm ooth channels of reporting soci al conditi ons and public opi nion, improving regulati on, arbitration, as well a s dispute resolutionme cha nisms, implement f ully the petitioners ' ca ses hir d-party hearings and supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twini ng visit visit, distur bing social order and other mali cious extortion, resolutely crack dow n. Five, impr oving cadres Vitale, provide str ongpr otection for forest developme nt XI General Secretary stressed that the com prehe nsive revitaliza tion in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, shouldwant to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party ca dres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the br oad masses of cadres work har d work, this is tw o parallelprinciple s. In strict accor dance with the sta ndard s of good cadres selecti on and a ppoint ment, the real officer s, dare officers, those who wa nt to play, good as excellent cadre s at all levels of lea dership in the past. At present, some l eadi ng cadres work i nitiative is not high, beyond politi cal, idle, lazy governa nce g overna nce, not a s, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist t o varying de grees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of ca dres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives and constraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practi cal solutionor the officers not to problem, m otivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, t he ca dres and create t he new achievement i n a dare to play, em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly sum marized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power forper sonal gain, not to e ngage in trading power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and people. Especially some lawe nforcement and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found directly under the ti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a busines s more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. o guarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment ofservi ces, f ully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship,enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of lawe nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road traffic admi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defense to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judi cial activities were rampant, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money,must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to dee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, butthere are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the f ield of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. To pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abi de by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but some one %unspoken r ules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen the comprehensive ma nagement of public securit y. Dee pening peace xi ngan constr uction, str onglyshould dres is a pledge, dare to pla y. Cadre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, ca dres of the ssed t ive, improvi nd other malici ous extortion, resol utely crack down. Fng cadres Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forest development XI Ge neral Secretary stre hat the comprehensive revitalizang visit visit, disturhe orsing system of letters a nt fully the s well as nion, improvi ons a ooth ony and stability. social vitality, acarry out criminal he legitimate rights and interestcrime, mafia and against viole nce serious criminal offences, to protect ts of citizens, legal persons, policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating nd ear nestly safeguar d social harm To resolve social confli cts by law. To further sm channels of reporting social conditi nd public opi ng regulati on, ar bitration, a dispute resoluti on mechani sms, implemepetitioners ' cases hird-party heari ngs and supervind calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into tbit of rule of la w, vexatious,Twini bing social order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better leas not to prctical soluti ct management and and combi s an urgenthusiasm c and social development. We m grees, affected and restricted non still exist to varyince, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative iding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dare officernd a lectids of good cah the sta ciples. In strict a s two parallhard woad masses of ca nable tcessary to Strict manageme husiasm is param want to do work and able to do good, entount. Treat party cadres, it is nent, and warm care, ehe br dres work ork, this iel princcordancewit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excell dres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow, messy and a phenome ng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking2em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized the new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagementwit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accor dancewit h, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cas es i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law enforcem ent and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate right s a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the characteristics of production a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To pr omote stri ct enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement andot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ... Judicial a ctivities were rampa nt, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote t he field of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. To pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but someone %unspoken rules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen t he comprehensive management of public securit y. Dee pe ning peace xingan constr uction, str onglyshould dres is a pledge, dare to play. Ca dre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, cadres of the hat the compre ng cadre nd other malicious extortion, resol utely crack down. Five, improvis Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forestdevelopment XI General Secretary stre ssed thensive revitaliza bing social bit of rule of la nd calpetitioners ' cases hirddispute resoluti ng regulati nd cha To resolve social nd earcy of temper justice wit ns, legal nal offences, to against viole nce crime, mafia and serious crimiprotect t he legitimate rights and interest s of citizepersons, carry out criminal polih mercy, the maximumstim ulating social vitality, anestly safeguar d social harm ony and stability. confli cts by law. To further sm ooth nnels of reporting social conditi ons a public opi nion, improvi on, ar bitration, as well as on mechanisms, impleme nt fully the -party heari ngs and supervising system of letters als, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the or w, vexatious, Twining visit visit, distur order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better lea s not to prctical soluti ct management and and combis an urge nthusiasm c and social development. We m grees, affected and restricted ist to varyi, messy and a phenomence, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative i ding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dare officernd a lecti ds of good ca h the sta el principles. In strict a ork, this idres work he brnt, and warm care, eount. Treat party cadres, it is nee to do good, entwant to do work and abl husiasm is param cessary to Strict managemenable t oad masses of cahard w s twoparall ccordance wit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excelldres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow non still exng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking3em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctlysum marized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagementwit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to e ngage in trading power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and people. Especially some law e nforcement and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found directly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a busines s more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. o guarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of servi ces, f ully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement andot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defense to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judi cial activities were rampant, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the f ield of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. To pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abi de by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but some one %unspoken r ules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen the comprehensive ma nagement of public securit y. Dee pening peace xi ngan constr uction, str onglyshould dres is a pledge, dare to pla y. Cadre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, ca dres of the ssed t ive, improvi nd other malici ous extortion, resol utely crack down. Fng cadres Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forestdevelopment XI Ge neral Secretary stre hat the comprehensive revitalizang visit visit, disturhe orsing system of letters a nt fully the s well as nion, improvi ons a ooth ony and stability. social vitality, acarry out criminal he legitimate rights and interestcrime, mafia and against viole nce serious criminal offences, to protect ts of citizens, legal persons, policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating nd ear nestly safeguar d social harm To resolve social confli cts by law. To further sm channels of reporting social conditi nd public opi ng regulati on, ar bitration, a dispute resoluti on mechani sms, implemepetitioners ' cases hird-party heari ngs and supervind calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into tbit of rule of la w, vexatious,Twini bing social order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better leas not to prctical soluti ct management and and combi s an urgenthusiasm c and social development. We m grees, affected and restricted non still exist to varyince, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative iding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dare officernd a lectids of good cah the sta ciples. In strict a s two parallhard woad masses of ca nable tcessary to Strict manageme husiasm is param want to do work and able to do good, entount. Treat party cadres, it is nent, and warm care, ehe br dres work ork, this iel princcordancewit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excell dres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow, messy and a phenome ng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking4em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized the new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagementwit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accor dancewit h, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cas es i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law enforcem ent and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate right s a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the characteristics of production a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To pr omote stri ct enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement andot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ... Judicial a ctivities were rampa nt, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅲ企业部章程附件Ⅳ调解附件Ⅴ按照第ＸＶ部分第１节的调解程序第１节按照第ＸＶ部分第３节提交的强制调解程序第２节国际海洋法法庭规约附件Ⅵ。
联合国海洋法公约(中英文)之欧阳语创编
【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文)【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】1982.12.10【实施时间】1982.12.10【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会附件Ⅲ探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅳ企业部章程附件Ⅴ调解第１节按照第ＸＶ部分第１节的调解程序第２节按照第ＸＶ部分第３节提交的强制调解程序附件Ⅵ国际海洋法法庭规约第１节法庭的组织第２节权限第３节程序第４节海底争端分庭第５节修正案附件Ⅶ仲裁附件Ⅷ特别仲裁附件Ⅸ国际组织的参加【名称】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约【题注】简介：本公约于１９８２年１２月１０日在牙买加的蒙特哥湾召开的第三次联合国海洋法会议最后会议上通过，尚未生效。
联合国海洋法公约中文版
联合国海洋法公约目录第一部分用语 (3)第二部分领海和毗连区 (3)第一节一般规定 (3)第二节领海的界限 (3)第三节领海的无害通过A分节适用于所有船舶的规则 (4)第三节B分节适用于商船和用于商业目的的政府船舶的规则 (5)第三节C分节适用于军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶的规则 (6)第四节毗连区 (6)第三部分用于国际航行的海峡 (6)第一节一般规定 (6)第二节过境通行 (6)第三节无害通过 (7)第四部分群岛国 (7)第五部分专属经济区 (8)第六部分大陆架 (11)第七部分公海 (12)第一节一般规定 (12)第二节公海生物资源的养护和管理 (15)第八部分岛屿制度 (15)第九部分闭海或半闭海 (15)第十部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由 (15)第十一部分"区域” (16)第一节一般规定 (16)第二节支配“区域”的原则 (16)第三节"区域”内资源的开发 (17)第四节管理局A分节一般规定 (19)第四节B分节大会 (19)第四节C分节理事会 (20)第四节D分节秘书处 (22)第四节E分节企业部 (23)第四节F分节管理局的财政安排 (23)第四节G分节法律地位、特权和豁免 (23)第五节争端的解决和咨询意见 (24)第十二部分海洋环境的保护和保全 (25)第一节一般规定 (25)第二节全球性和区域性合作 (25)第三节技术援助 (25)第四节监测和环境评价 (26)第五节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法 (26)第六节执行 (27)第七节保障办法 (28)第八节冰封区域 (29)第九节责任 (29)第十节主权豁免 (30)第十一节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务 (30)第十三部分海洋科学研究 (30)第一节一般规定 (30)第二节国际合作 (30)第三节海洋科学研究的进行和促进 (30)第四节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备 (32)第五节责任 (32)第六节争端的解决和临时措施 (32)第十四部分海洋技术的发展和转让 (32)第一节一般规定 (32)第二节国际合作 (33)第三节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心 (33)第四节国际组织间的合作 (33)第十五部分争端的解决 (33)第一节一般规定 (33)第二节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序 (34)第三节适用第二节的限制和例外 (35)第十六部分一般规定 (36)第十七部分最后条款 (36)全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准《联合国海洋法公约》的决定（1996年5月15日通过）第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议决定，批准《联合国海洋法公约》，同时声明如下：一、按照《联合国海洋法公约》的规定，中华人民共和国享有二百海里专属经济区和大陆架的主权权利和管辖权。
联合国海洋法公约英文
联合国海洋法公约英文 WTD standardization office【WTD 5AB- WTDK 08- WTD 2C】United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982PREAMBLEThe States Parties to this Convention,Prompted by the desire to settle, in a spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation, all issues relating to the law of the sea and aware of the historic significance of this Convention as an important contribution to the maintenance of peace, justice and progress for all peoples of the world,Noting that developments since the United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea held at Geneva in 1958 and 1960 have accentuated the need for a new and generally acceptable Convention on the law of the sea,Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole,Recognizing the desirability of establishing through this Convention, with due regard for the sovereignty of all States, a legal order for the seas and oceans which will facilitate international communication, and will promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of their living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment,Bearing in mind that the achievement of these goals will contribute to the realization of a just and equitable international economic order which takes into account the interests and needs of mankind as a whole and, in particular, the special interests and needs of developing countries, whether coastal or land-locked,Desiring by this Convention to develop the principles embodied in resolution 2749 (XXV) of 17?December 1970 in which the General Assembly of the United Nations solemnly declared inter?alia that the area of the seabed and ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as well as its resources, are the common heritage of mankind, the exploration and exploitation of which shall be carried out for the benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of the geographical location of States,Believing that the codification and progressive development of the law of the sea achieved in this Convention will contribute to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among all nations in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and will promote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter,Affirming that matters not regulated by this Convention continue to be governed by the rules and principles of general international law,Have agreed as follows:PART IINTRODUCTIONArticle 1Use of terms and scope1. For the purposes of this Convention:(1) "Area" means the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;(2) "Authority" means the International Seabed Authority;(3) "activities in the Area" means all activities of exploration for, and exploitation of, the resources of the Area;(4) "pollution of the marine environment" means the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result in suchdeleterious effects as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities;(5) (a) "dumping" means:(i) any deliberate disposal of wastes or other matterfrom vessels, aircraft, platforms or other man-madestructures at sea;(ii) any deliberate disposal of vessels, aircraft,platforms or other man-made structures at sea;(b) "dumping" does not include:(i) the disposal of wastes or other matter incidental to,or derived from the normal operations of vessels,aircraft, platforms or other man-made structures at seaand their equipment, other than wastes or other mattertransported by or to vessels, aircraft, platforms orother man-made structures at sea, operating for thepurpose of disposal of such matter or derived from thetreatment of such wastes or other matter on such vessels,aircraft, platforms or structures;(ii) placement of matter for a purpose other than themere disposal thereof, provided that such placement isnot contrary to the aims of this Convention.2. (1) "States Parties" means States which have consented to be bound by this Convention and for which this Convention is in force.(2) This Convention applies mutatis?mutandis to the entities referred to in article?305, paragraph?l(b), (c), (d), (e) and?(f), which become Parties to this Convention in accordance with the conditions relevant to each, and to that extent "States Parties" refers to those entities.PART IITERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONESECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle2Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air spaceover the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil1. The sovereignty of a coastal State extends, beyond its land territory and internal waters and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, described as theterritorial sea.2. This sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.3. The sovereignty over the territorial sea is exercised subject to this Convention and to other rules of international law.SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEAArticle3Breadth of the territorial seaEvery State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12?nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with this Convention.Article4Outer limit of the territorial seaThe outer limit of the territorial sea is the line every point of which is at a distance from the nearest point of the baseline equal to the breadth of the territorial sea.Article5Normal baselineExcept where otherwise provided in this Convention, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.Article6ReefsIn the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing reefs, the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the seaward low-water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on charts officially recognized by the coastal State.Article7Straight baselines1. In localities where the coastline is deeply indented and cut into, or if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.2. Where because of the presence of a delta and other natural conditions the coastline is highly unstable, the appropriate points may be selected along the furthest seaward extent of the low-water line and, notwithstanding subsequent regression of the low-water line, the straight baselines shall remain effective until changed by the coastal State in accordance with this Convention.3. The drawing of straight baselines must not depart to any appreciable extent from the general direction of the coast, and the sea areas lyingwithin the lines must be sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters.4. Straight baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevations, unless lighthouses or similar installations which are permanently above sea level have been built on them or except in instances where the drawing of baselines to and from such elevations has received general international recognition.5. Where the method of straight baselines is applicable under paragraph?1, account may be taken, in determining particular baselines, of economic interests peculiar to the region concerned, the reality and the importanceof which are clearly evidenced by long usage.6. The system of straight baselines may not be applied by a State in such a manner as to cut off the territorial sea of another State from the highseas or an exclusive economic zone.Article8Internal waters1. Except as provided in Part?IV, waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the State.2. Where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with the method set forth in article?7 has the effect of enclosing as internalwaters areas which had not previously been considered as such, a right of innocent passage as provided in this Convention shall exist in those waters.Article9Mouths of riversIf a river flows directly into the sea, the baseline shall be a straightline across the mouth of the river between points on the low-water line of its banks.Article10Bays1. This article relates only to bays the coasts of which belong to a single State.2. For the purposes of this Convention, a bay is a well-marked indentation whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its mouth as to contain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere curvature of the coast. An indentation shall not, however, be regarded as a bay unless its area is as large as, or larger than, that of the semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation.3. For the purpose of measurement, the area of an indentation is that lying between the low-water mark around the shore of the indentation and a line joining the low-water mark of its natural entrance points. Where, because of the presence of islands, an indentation has more than one mouth, the semi-circle shall be drawn on a line as long as the sum total of the lengths of the lines across the different mouths. Islands within an indentation shall be included as if they were part of the water area of the indentation.4. If the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay does not exceed 24?nautical miles, a closing line may be drawn between these two low-water marks, and the waters enclosed thereby shall be considered as internal waters.5. Where the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay exceeds 24?nautical miles, a straight baseline of24?nautical miles shall be drawn within the bay in such a manner as to enclose the maximum area of water that is possible with a line of that length.6. The foregoing provisions do not apply to so-called "historic" bays, or in any case where the system of straight baselines provided for inarticle?7 is applied.Article11PortsFor the purpose of delimiting the territorial sea, the outermost permanent harbour works which form an integral part of the harbour system are regarded as forming part of the coast. Off-shore installations andartificial islands shall not be considered as permanent harbour works.Article12RoadsteadsRoadsteads which are normally used for the loading, unloading and anchoring of ships, and which would otherwise be situated wholly or partly outsidethe outer limit of the territorial sea, are included in the territorial sea.Article13Low-tide elevations1. A?low-tide elevation is a naturally formed area of land which is surrounded by and above water at low tide but submerged at high tide. Where a low-tide elevation is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, the low-water line on that elevation may be used as the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea.2. Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distance exceedingthe breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, it hasno territorial sea of its own.Article14Combination of methods for determining baselinesThe coastal State may determine baselines in turn by any of the methods provided for in the foregoing articles to suit different conditions.Article15Delimitation of the territorial sea between Stateswith opposite or adjacent coastsWhere the coasts of two States are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement between them tothe contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two States is measured. The above provision does not apply, however, where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other special circumstances to delimit the territorial seas of the two States in a way which is atvariance therewith.Article16Charts and lists of geographical coordinates1. The baselines for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea determined in accordance with articles?7,?9 and?10, or the limits derived therefrom, and the lines of delimitation drawn in accordance witharticles?12 and?15 shall be shown on charts of a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position. Alternatively, a list of geographical coordinates of points, specifying the geodetic datum, may be substituted.2. The coastal State shall give due publicity to such charts or lists of geographical coordinates and shall deposit a copy of each such chart orlist with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEASUBSECTION A. RULES APPLICABLE TO ALL SHIPSArticle17Right of innocent passageSubject to this Convention, ships of all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.Article18Meaning of passage1. Passage means navigation through the territorial sea for the purpose of:(a) traversing that sea without entering internal watersor calling at a roadstead or port facility outsideinternal waters; or(b) proceeding to or from internal waters or a call atsuch roadstead or port facility.2. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious. However, passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only in so far as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force?majeure or distress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, ships or aircraft in danger or distress.Article19Meaning of innocent passage1. Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. Such passage shall take place in conformity with this Convention and with other rules of international law.2. Passage of a foreign ship shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State if in the territorialsea it engages in any of the following activities:(a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty,territorial integrity or political independence of thecoastal State, or in any other manner in violation of theprinciples of international law embodied in the Charterof the United Nations;(b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;(c) any act aimed at collecting information to theprejudice of the defence or security of the coastal State;(d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defenceor security of the coastal State;(e) the launching, landing or taking on board of anyaircraft;(f) the launching, landing or taking on board of anymilitary device;(g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currencyor person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration orsanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State;(h) any act of wilful and serious pollution contrary tothis Convention;(i) any fishing activities;(j) the carrying out of research or survey activities;(k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems ofcommunication or any other facilities or installations ofthe coastal State;(l) any other activity not having a direct bearing onpassage.Article20Submarines and other underwater vehiclesIn the territorial sea, submarines and other underwater vehicles are required to navigate on the surface and to show their flag.Article21Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage1. The coastal State may adopt laws and regulations, in conformity with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law,relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following:(a) the safety of navigation and the regulation ofmaritime traffic;(b) the protection of navigational aids and facilitiesand other facilities or installations;(c) the protection of cables and pipelines;(d) the conservation of the living resources of the sea;(e) the prevention of infringement of the fisheries lawsand regulations of the coastal State;(f) the preservation of the environment of the coastalState and the prevention, reduction and control ofpollution thereof;(g) marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys;(h) the prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal,immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of thecoastal State.2. Such laws and regulations shall not apply to the design, construction, manning or equipment of foreign ships unless they are giving effect to generally accepted international rules or standards.3. The coastal State shall give due publicity to all such laws and regulations.4. Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea shall comply with all such laws and regulations and all generally accepted international regulations relating to the prevention of collisions at sea.Article22Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea1. The coastal State may, where necessary having regard to the safety of navigation, require foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage through its territorial sea to use such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes as it may designate or prescribe for the regulation of the passage of ships.2. In particular, tankers, nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances or materials may be required to confine their passage to such sea lanes.3. In the designation of sea lanes and the prescription of traffic separation schemes under this article, the coastal State shall take into account:(a) the recommendations of the competent internationalorganization;(b) any channels customarily used for internationalnavigation;(c) the special characteristics of particular ships and channels; and(d) the density of traffic.4. The coastal State shall clearly indicate such sea lanes and traffic separation schemes on charts to which due publicity shall be given.Article23Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclearor other inherently dangerous or noxious substancesForeign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or otherinherently dangerous or noxious substances shall, when exercising the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, carry documents andobserve special precautionary measures established for such ships by international agreements.Article24Duties of the coastal State1. The coastal State shall not hamper the innocent passage of foreign ships through the territorial sea except in accordance with this Convention. In particular, in the application of this Convention or of any laws or regulations adopted in conformity with this Convention, the coastal State shall not:(a) impose requirements on foreign ships which have thepractical effect of denying or impairing the right ofinnocent passage; or(b) discriminate in form or in fact against the ships ofany State or against ships carrying cargoes to, from oron behalf of any State.2. The coastal State shall give appropriate publicity to any danger to navigation, of which it has knowledge, within its territorial sea.Article25Rights of protection of the coastal State1. The coastal State may take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent passage which is not innocent.2. In the case of ships proceeding to internal waters or a call at a port facility outside internal waters, the coastal State also has the right to take the necessary steps to prevent any breach of the conditions to which admission of those ships to internal waters or such a call is subject.3. The coastal State may, without discrimination in form or in fact among foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security, including weapons exercises. Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.Article26Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships1. No charge may be levied upon foreign ships by reason only of their passage through the territorial sea.2. Charges may be levied upon a foreign ship passing through theterritorial sea as payment only for specific services rendered to the ship. These charges shall be levied without discrimination.SUBSECTION B. RULES APPLICABLE TOMERCHANT SHIPS AND GOVERNMENT SHIPSOPERATED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSESArticle27Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship1. The criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not be exercisedon board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage, save only in the following cases:(a) if the consequences of the crime extend to thecoastal State;(b) if the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of thecountry or the good order of the territorial sea;(c) if the assistance of the local authorities has beenrequested by the master of the ship or by a diplomaticagent or consular officer of the flag State; or(d) if such measures are necessary for the suppression ofillicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances.2. The above provisions do not affect the right of the coastal State totake any steps authorized by its laws for the purpose of an arrest or investigation on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.3. In the cases provided for in paragraphs?1 and?2, the coastal State shall, if the master so requests, notify a diplomatic agent or consular officer of the flag State before taking any steps, and shall facilitate contactbetween such agent or officer and the ship's crew. In cases of emergency this notification may be communicated while the measures are being taken.4. In considering whether or in what manner an arrest should be made, the local authorities shall have due regard to the interests of navigation.5. Except as provided in Part?XII or with respect to violations of laws and regulations adopted in accordance with Part?V, the coastal State may not take any steps on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed before the ship entered the territorial sea, if the ship, proceeding from a foreign port, is only passing through the territorial sea without entering internal waters.Article28Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships1. The coastal State should not stop or divert a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea for the purpose of exercising civiljurisdiction in relation to a person on board the ship.2. The coastal State may not levy execution against or arrest the ship for the purpose of any civil proceedings, save only in respect of obligations or liabilities assumed or incurred by the ship itself in the course or for the purpose of its voyage through the waters of the coastal State.3. Paragraph?2 is without prejudice to the right of the coastal State, in accordance with its laws, to levy execution against or to arrest, for the purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship lying in the territorial sea, or passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.SUBSECTION C. RULES APPLICABLE TOWARSHIPS AND OTHER GOVERNMENT SHIPSOPERATED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSESArticle29Definition of warshipsFor the purposes of this Convention, "warship" means a ship belonging to the armed forces of a State bearing the external marks distinguishing such ships of its nationality, under the command of an officer duly commissionedby the government of the State and whose name appears in the appropriate service list or its equivalent, and manned by a crew which is under regular armed forces discipline.Article30Non-compliance by warships with the laws and regulationsof the coastal StateIf any warship does not comply with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea and disregards any request for compliance therewith which is made to it, the coastal State may require it to leave the territorial sea immediately.Article31Responsibility of the flag State for damage caused by a warshipor other government ship operated for non-commercial purposesThe flag State shall bear international responsibility for any loss or damage to the coastal State resulting from the non-compliance by a warship or other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea or with the provisions of this Convention or other rules of international law.Article32Immunities of warships and other government shipsoperated for non-commercial purposesWith such exceptions as are contained in subsection?A and in articles?30 and?31, nothing in this Convention affects the immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes.SECTION 4. CONTIGUOUS ZONEArticle33Contiguous zone1. In a zone contiguous to its territorial sea, described as the contiguous zone, the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to:(a) prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal,immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within itsterritory or territorial sea;(b) punish infringement of the above laws and regulationscommitted within its territory or territorial sea.2. The contiguous zone may not extend beyond 24?nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.PART IIISTRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATIONSECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle34Legal status of waters forming straits used for international navigation1. The regime of passage through straits used for international navigation established in this Part shall not in other respects affect the legal status of the waters forming such straits or the exercise by the States bordering the straits of their sovereignty or jurisdiction over such waters and their air space, bed and subsoil.2. The sovereignty or jurisdiction of the States bordering the straits is exercised subject to this Part and to other rules of international law.Article35Scope of this PartNothing in this Part affects:(a) any areas of internal waters within a strait, except wherethe establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with themethod set forth in article?7 has the effect of enclosing asinternal waters areas which had not previously been consideredas such;。
联合国海洋法公约-中文版
聯合國海洋法公約目錄第一局部用语 (3)第二局部领海和毗连区 (3)第一节一般规定 (3)第二节领海的界限4第三节领海的无害通过 A分节适用于所有船舶的规那么 (4)第三节 B分节适用于商船和用于商业目的的政府船舶的规那么5第三节 C分节适用于军舰和其他用于非商业目的的政府船舶的规那么6第四节毗连区 (6)第三局部用于国际航行的海峡 (6)第一节一般规定6第二节过境通行 (6)第三节无害通过 (7)第四局部群岛国 (7)第五局部专属经济区 (8)第六局部大陆架 (11)第七局部公海 (13)第一节一般规定 (13)第二节公海生物资源的养护和管理 (15)第八局部岛屿制度 (16)第九局部闭海或半闭海 (16)第十局部陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由 (16)第十一局部 "区域〞 (17)第一节一般规定................................................................. 错误!未指定书签。
第二节支配“区域〞的原那么 (17)第三节 "区域〞资源的开发 (18)第四节管理局 A分节一般规定 (20)第四节 B分节大会 (20)第四节 C分节理事会 (21)第四节 D分节秘书处 (23)第四节 E分节企业部 (24)第四节 F分节管理局的财政安排 (24)第四节 G分节法律地位、特权和豁免 (24)第五节争端的解决和咨询意见 (25)第十二局部海洋环境的保护和保全 (26)第一节一般规定 (26)第二节全球性和区域性合作 (26)第三节技术援助 (26)第四节监测和环境评价 (27)第五节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规那么和国立法 (27)第六节执行 (28)第七节保障方法 (30)第八节冰封区域 (30)第九节责任 (31)第十节主权豁免 (31)第十一节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务 (31)第十三局部海洋科学研究31第一节一般规定 (31)第二节国际合作 (31)第三节海洋科学研究的进展和促进 (31)第四节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备 (33)第五节责任 (33)第六节争端的解决和临时措施 (33)第十四局部海洋技术的开展和转让 (33)第一节一般规定 (33)第二节国际合作 (34)第三节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心 (34)第四节国际组织间的合作 (35)第十五局部争端的解决 (35)第一节一般规定 (35)第二节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序 (35)第三节适用第二节的限制和例外 (36)第十六局部一般规定 (37)第十七局部最后条款 (38)全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准《联合国海洋法公约》的决定〔1996年5月15日通过〕第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议决定，批准《联合国海洋法公约》，同时声明如下：一、按照《联合国海洋法公约》的规定，中华人民国享有二百海里专属经济区和大陆架的主权权利和管辖权。
联合国海洋法公约(中英文)
*作品编号：DG13485201600078972981*创作者：玫霸*【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文) 【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】1982.12.10【实施时间】1982.12.10【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会附件Ⅲ探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅳ企业部章程附件Ⅴ调解第１节按照第ＸＶ部分第１节的调解程序第２节按照第ＸＶ部分第３节提交的强制调解程序附件Ⅵ国际海洋法法庭规约第１节法庭的组织第２节权限第３节程序第４节海底争端分庭第５节修正案附件Ⅶ仲裁附件Ⅷ特别仲裁附件Ⅸ国际组织的参加【名称】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约【题注】简介：本公约于１９８２年１２月１０日在牙买加的蒙特哥湾召开的第三次联合国海洋法会议最后会议上通过，尚未生效。
联合国海洋法公约(中英文)
【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文) 【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】【实施时间】【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会附件Ⅲ探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅳ企业部章程附件Ⅴ调解第１节按照第ＸＶ部分第１节的调解程序第２节按照第ＸＶ部分第３节提交的强制调解程序附件Ⅵ国际海洋法法庭规约第１节法庭的组织第２节权限第３节程序第４节海底争端分庭第５节修正案附件Ⅶ仲裁附件Ⅷ特别仲裁附件Ⅸ国际组织的参加【名称】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约【题注】简介：本公约于１９８２年１２月１０日在牙买加的蒙特哥湾召开的第三次联合国海洋法会议最后会议上通过，尚未生效。