初中英语单词形态变化(全)(后附练习及答案)

初中单词形态变化（全）

（一）单词形态变化总原则

（二）名词变复数规则

A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则：

1. 一般情况加 s ：

例：book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls

2. 以 s、sh 、ch 、x结尾的加 es ：

例：class--- classes box----boxes match----matches

3. 辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es：

例：city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories 元音字母+y结尾的加s：例：key = keys

4. 以 o 结尾的词 +es的有：

中学英语教材较为相关的只有这么4个：

heroes（英雄）

Negroes（黑人）

注意：双写加ing的动词（25个）

get得到set安排 let让 sit坐 hit撞 fit适合 dig挖win赢kid开玩笑run跑 cut切put放 hug拥抱chat聊天 plan计划shop购物 drop扔 chop砍 stop停shut关 swim游泳begin开始 forget 忘记 prefer更喜欢regret遗憾

（四）基数词变序数词规则

1. 基数词变序数词的规律：

基变序，有规律。

一、二、三、特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d.(first, second, third)。

八减t,九去e,（eighth, ninth）, f 来把ve替。（twelfth）.

单词ty作结尾，ty变成tie(twentieth).

若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以。（twenty-first）

序数词

1st first 2nd second 3rd third 4th fourth

5th fifth 6th sixth 7th seventh 8th eighth

9th ninth 10th tenth 11th eleventh 12th twelfth

20th twentieth 21st twenty-first 22nd twenty-second

29th twenty-ninth 30th thirtieth 31st thirty-first

40th fortieth 50th fiftieth 60th sixtieth

70th seventieth 80th eightieth 90th ninetieth

100th hundredth

（五）其它规则

代词变反身代词：

1）单数加self，复数加selves（变f为v加es），

2）第一二人称在形容词物主代词的基础上加self\selves，第三人称在人称代词的宾格的基础上加self\selves

形容词变比较级、最高级规则：

1）直接加er/est;

2）去e加er/est（以e结尾的单词）

3）变y为i加ed（辅音字母+y）;

4）双写加（以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节）

注意：

双写加er/est的单词有: red big hot wet thin fat sad

5）不规则变化

好good/well--更好better--最好--best

坏bad/badly--更坏worse--最坏worst

许多many/much--更多more--最多most

一点little--较少less--最少least

远far--较远farther/further （意义深远）--最远farthest/furthest

老的，旧的old--较老的，较旧的older/elder（大哥）--最老的，最旧的oldest/eldest

动词变过去式规则：

规则变化：

1）直接加ed

2）去e加ed（以e结尾的单词）

3）变y为i加ed（辅音字母+y）;

4）双写加ed（以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节）

注意：双写加ed的动词：

hug拥抱nod点头chat聊天shop购物drop丢弃chop砍stop停plan 计划prefer更喜欢regret 遗憾

不规则变化：

综合练习：

一．来源：浙江省2018年湖州中考英语试题

51. I like_______ music as it can help me relax after a long week at work.

52. Larry has put on too much ______ because of his unbalanced diet.

53. The big old tree ________ the school in my hometown has left many sweet memories.

54. It is very ____ to take the train to Beijing from Huzhou. It only takes about four hours to get there.

55. Doing some chores at home helps to _______ children’s independence and make their future lives easier.

56. I was shocked to see so many ____ things on show in the museum. Most of them were from Tang Dynasty.

【答案】

51.F 52.C 53.B 54. A 55. D 56. E

二．Complete the sentences with the given words in their suitable forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词)：

1. According to the study, it is to eat too much before you go to bed. (healthy)

2. The detective found that the young men took part in many bank . ( robbery)

3. At the end of every year, some people go back to their ________ homes.(national)

【答案】

1. unhealthy

2. robberies

3. native

三．Complete the sentences with the given words in their suitable forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词)：

1. The man was __________ about the rude way that the doctor treated(对待) him. (happy)

2. Now more and more people are __________ of the danger of driving after drinking alcohol(酒). (unaware)

3. Tom will study still __________ next term. (hard)

【答案】

1. unhappy

2. aware

3. harder