英汉翻译综合教程
研究生英语综合教程UNIT3课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版
UNIT 31. Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the values are that Americans live by. They have never given the matter much thought.2. Even if Americans had considered this question, they would probably, in the end, decide not to answer in terms of a definitive list of values. The reason for this decision is itself one very American value —their belief that every individual is so unique that the same list of values could never be applied to all, or even most, of their fellow citizens.3. Although Americans may think of themselves as being more varied and unpredictable than they actually are, it is significant that they think they are. Americans tend to think they have been only slightly influenced by family, church or schools. In the end, each believes, “I personally chose which values I want to live my own life by.”4. The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter an action, or hear a statement in the United States that surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed here.5. Before proceeding to the list itself, we should also point out that Americans see all of these values as very positive ones. They are not aware, for example, that the people in many Third World countries view some of these values as negative or threatening.In fact, all of these American values are judged by many of the world’s citizens as negative and undesirable. Therefore, it is not enough simply to familiarize yourself with these values. You must also, so far as possible, consider them without the negative or derogatory connotation that they might have for you, based on your own experience and cultural identity.Personal Control over the Environment6. Americans no longer believe in the power of Fate, and they have come to look at people who do as being backward, primitive, or hopelessly naive. To be called “fatalistic” is one of the worst criticisms one can receive in the American context; to an American, it means one is superstitious and lazy, unwilling to take any initiative in bringing about improvement.7. In the United States, people consider it normal and right that Man should control Nature, rather than the other way around. More specifically, people believe every single individual should have control over whatever in the environment might potentially affect him or her. 1.大多数美国人在谈起其赖以生存的价值观时会感到力不从心。
新编实用英语综合教程第四汉译英答案
新编实用英语综合教程2第四版汉译英答案Unit 1P141) 你能告诉我在哪儿可以买到口香糖吗？Can you tell me where I can buy some chewing gum?2) 警察想知道她长什么样儿。
The police wanted to know what she looked like.3) 你知道她穿的是什么衣服吗?Do you know what she was wearing?4) 在报告中他们问到银行里有几个监控摄像头。
In the report, they asked how many security cameras there were in the bank.5) 面试官问他已经工作几年了。
The interviewer asked him how many years he had worked.6) 你想知道他什么时候去上海吗?Do you want to know when he will leave for Shanghai?7) 我只是想知道你喜欢什么颜色, 红色还是黄色。
I want to know which color you prefer — red or yellow.填空题1) What’s your guideline in choosing songs for your audience?2) The seminar starts on Friday and the experts will be discussing the impact of technology on the climate in the future.3) Barclays appointed Bob Diamond, the head of its investment-banking business, as its new chief executive from March 2011.4) Frankly speaking, I cannot uphold such conduct. You see, it is aimed only at the personal intere st.5) However, just because you can write statements in purely mathematical notations, this doesn’t mean that you necessarily should.6) That was good timing because his work was influential in shaping the project plan.7) Those studying abroad will most likely return home for better employment because of the tigh t job market abroad.8) It gives me great pleasure to express once again my deep appreciation for the grand reception and generous hospitality we enjoy here.P191) 2) 3) 美国人一般早早就安排好他们的退休生活。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT6课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT6What does it feel like to help dying patients through their final days? Experience it through the eyes of hospice nurse Jill Campbell, who does her job with grace, compassion, and gratitude.1.Outside, it's noisy on this busy block of row houses in Baltimore. But inside one tidy living room, all is quiet except for the sound of a woman's raspy breathing. The patient is huddled in an easy chair under a handmade pink-and-blue afghan, a knit cap on her head and booties on her feet. She has trouble staying warm these days. Her cancer has returned with a vengeance and she has only a few weeks to life. Hospice nurse Jill Campbell kneels down beside her patient, listens to her breathing, and then checks her blood pressure. Campbell has already hauled in oxygen tanks, showed family members how to work them, organized the medicine, and assessed how her patient has been eating and sleeping.2.But now is a moment to connect one-on-one. Campbell wraps her hands aro und the woman’s hands and rubs them together to warm them. She looks into her face. “are you feeling a little better?” she asks softly.3.Getting to know her patients and helping them through the toughest time of their lives is what Campbell, 43, appreciates most about being a hospice nurse. “I don’t know of another position where you can do more for people,” she says.4.Her patients have all been told that they have six months or less to live. Rather than continue with often-difficult or painful treatments that probably won’t extend their lives, they have decided to stop trying for a cure. Instead, with the help of hospice care, they’ll focus on comfort and on living whatever they have left of their lives to the fullest ---usually in their own home.5.Being able to die at home is a major part of the appeal of hospice, but patients and family members may not see it that way at first. “A lot of people still view hospice as giving up and letting the disease in,” says Campbell. That’s why the decision to c all in hospice care can be an incredibly difficult one for a family to make. Once they do, though, most patients and their families soon understand the value of having a team of dedicated professionals---including social workers, health aides, chaplains, and nurses---work together to provide not only physical but also emotional and spiritual support. 帮助即将离世的患者度过最后的时光会是怎样的感受呢？让我们借助吉尔·坎贝尔的所见经历这一切吧。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT7课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT71. Several leading modern business leaders seem, surprisingly, to downplay the importance of strategy. You can make too much fuss about strategy, they imply--- you have a few clear options; just choose one and get on with it. is it really that simple?2. “Strategy is straightforward---just pick a general direction and implement like hell.”Jack Welch, for example---the chairman and CEO of the USA’s General Electric Company; the man who grow the company from a market capitalization of $27 billion to a $140 billion, making GE the largest and most valuable company in the world. he must know a thing or two about strategy. But here’s what he says: “In real life, strategy is actually very straightforward. You pick a general direction and you implement like hell.”Or Allan leighton, the man who was recruited by Archie Norman to help res cue the UK’s ailing Asda supermarket chain, and went on to build the company into one of Britain’s most successful retailers. “Strategy is important,” says Leighton, “but it is a compass, not a road map. It tells you in which direction you are heading, but the important bit is how you get there.”Or Louis Gerstner, the man who rescued IBM in the 1990’s when the struggling mainframe supplier was about to be driven into extinction by the new, smaller and more agile personal computer manufacturers. “It is extremely difficult to develop a unique strategy for a company; and if the strategy is truly different, it is probably highly risky. Execution really is the critical part of a successful strategy. Getting it done, getting it done right, getting it done better than the next person is far more important than dreaming up new visions of the future.”3. So strategy is simple. And having an ingenious new strategy is less important than carrying it out successfully. In fact it might be dangerous. It that right?Let’s look at one last quote from Mr. Welch. “When I became CEO in 1981, we launched a highly publicized initiative: be number one or number two in every market, and fix, sell or close to get there. This was not our strategy, although I’ve often heard it descri bed that way.It was a galvanising mantra to describe how we were going to do business going forward. Our strategy was much more directional. GE was going to move away from businesses that were being commoditized toward businesses that manufactured high-value technology products or sold services instead of things.”Grand strategy versus strategy4. I would argue that these CEO’s blue chip corporations are taking a slightly Olympian view of the concept of “strategy.” Let’s call what hey are talking about “grand strategy” a strategy, but in the overarching sense, like the American car industry saying that they are going to move out gas-guzzlers and into smaller, more fuel-efficient models. 1.一些领先的现代企业领导人似乎，奇怪的是，淡化战略的重要性。
英语专业综合教程4课后习题解释句子&英译汉
Unit 6
1. July4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge of unease aboutthe great lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and isprompted to fill the gaps.
P: The human imagination hadbeen exhausted and stopped at the wreckage of the first ruined city and failedto reach even the outskirts of Nagasaki.
5. Weseem to need, in addition, some other picture to counterpoise against ruinedNagasaki.
2. Thatabsence, even more than wreckage, contains the heart of the matter.
P: That vanished city ratherthan its remains represents the true measure of the event.
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后翻译 英译汉
Unit11.We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here,that we would never get a chance li ke this again,and we became determined not to waste it.Most important of course were the fina l exams in April and May in the following year.No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in c lass,so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong.Libraries which were once empty after f ive o’clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning,and guys wo re the bags under their eyes and their pale,sleepy faces with pride,like medals proving their dilig ence.我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。
当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。
我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。
以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。
2Tomorrow?It’s all a lie;there isn’t a tomorrow.There’s only a promissory note that we are often not ina position to cash.It doesn’t even exist.When you wake up in the morning it’ll be today again and allthe same rules will apply.Tomorrow is just another version of now,an empty field that will remai n sounless we start planting some seeds.Your time,which is ticking away as we speak(at about60se condsa minute chronologically;a bit faster if you don’t invest your time wisely),will be gone and you’llhave nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of“could haves”,“should h aves”and“would haves”.明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。
《英汉-汉英应用翻译综合教程》(第二版)述评
章 节 名 称
编 者
第 一章 总 论
方 梦之
第二章 实用文体与翻译
方梦之
第三章 功能 目的论 与应用翻译 陈小慰
第 四章 译 品 的 类 型
方 梦之
第五章 科技 翻译
方梦之
第六章 商务翻译
第七章 法律翻译 第八章 新 闻翻译 第 九章 广告翻译 第十章 旅 游翻译 第十一章 政论翻译 第十二章 其他语篇 的翻译 第十三章 网络 与翻译
１． “功 能 目的论 ” 和 《教 程》 第 二版 的 畅销
目前 ，我 国 应 用 翻 译 实 践 和 理 论 研 究 成 果 显 著 。改 革开 放 ３０多年 来 ，随着 经 济 的进一 步 发 展 和 国家 的不 断开 放 ，翻译 的外 延也 在不 断扩 大 ，不 仅包 括传 统 意 义 上 的文 学 翻译 ，还 包 括 一切 社 科 、 经 济 、技术 类等 非文 学 翻译 ，其 中很 大 一块 是应 用 翻译 。正 如 曾 利 沙 （２０１３） 所 言 ，应 用 翻 译 外 延 极 广 ，涵盖 政府 文件 、对 外宣 传 、军事 科技 、商 贸 经 济 、财经 新 闻 、公 司简 介 、企 业 营销 、说 明 书 、 投资指南 、法律文书、商务谈判 、操作手册 、广告 商标 、旅游资料等。
本 文分 成 ４个 部 分 。第 一 部 分 从 “功 能 目 的 论 ” （Ｓｋｏｐｏｓ Ｔｈｅｏｒｙ）人 手 ，分 析 应 用 翻译 在 中 国 当代兴起 的理 论依据 和时代 必然 ，探讨 《教程》 畅销 、长 销 的原 因。第 二部 分简述 皮姆 的翻译伦 理 观 ，指 出 《教 程》 第 二 版适 时增 补 “翻译 的伦 理 ” 一 节 对应 用 翻译教 学 的理论 价值 。第 三部 分 以数字 时代 应 用 翻 译 工 作 者 的 素养 为 切 入 点 ，分 析 《教 程》 第二 版增 补 “网络 与 翻译 ” 一 章 的现实 意 义 。 第四部分结合笔者 的教学 实践 ，指 出 《教程》 第 二版 个别 有 待商榷 的地方 。
英语汉译英 大学英语1新标准综合教程翻译
1.他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了很深的印象,于是她就报了名。
Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she sighed up for it .2.网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受教育的机会。
Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time .3.刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。
When he first arrived at university , he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor’s mouth .4.没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。
No one detects his despair well hidden behind his smile .5.有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。
Some students are easy about talking with strangers , while some others find it hard to do so .1.他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。
（serve）They don’t serve chips / French fries here. If you want them, you have to go to a KFC or McDonald’s.2.他捡起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸碎了。
（crack ; crush）He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer , but instead he crushed it .3.当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。
新标准大学英语综合教程1-课后翻译
心之所向，所向披靡英语精读课后翻译英译汉:Ｕniｔ１1.Ｆｉnａｌly , with my moｔｈer red in thｅfａceａnd ｓhort ofbreatｈ,we fｉnd Ｒoｏm8 , Ｉunlocｋthｅｄoor ,and we aｌｌwaｌk in ．译:等我们终于找到８号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸,累得上气接不上下气。
我打开门锁,我们都走了进去。
2.Ｓhe impresseｓmｅ, and I feeｌso ignorａnt tｈat I ｓhouｌdn’t even breａthe the same air aｓher .译：她给我留下了深刻的印象,我觉得自己太无知了,甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。
3.I ｄｏn’t know why I ｈａve to ｂe iｎtroducｅｄto literaｔurebuｔｔhe woman in tｈe aｄmiｓｓions oｆｆicｅsａys if it’ｓ a requiｒement even thｏugh I’ｖe read Dｏsｔoyevｓky anｄMelｖille aｎd that’ｓadmirable for sｏmeoｎe ｗithｏut a high ｓcｈｏol educａtｉo ｎ.译:我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。
可是招生办公室的那位女士说,虽然我读过陀思妥耶夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说,虽然一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人钦佩，但这门课是必修课。
4.I’m iｎhｅaveｎand tｈe ｆｉrst ｔhｉnｇtｏdｏｉs bｕｙｔｈe reｑｕireｄｔextboｏks,cｏｖer them wiｔh the pｕrｐle and white NYU book jａｃｋetｓsｏthａt peｏple iｎthe ｓubwａy w ｉllｌｏok at ｍｅａｄmｉｒingly .译:我乐得飘飘然了,第一件事就是去买所需要的课本,然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来,这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。
新编实用英语综合教程2第四版第三单元汉译英答案
新编实用英语综合教程2第四版第三单元汉译英答案新编实用英语综合教程2第四版第三单元汉译英答案Unit 3P621) 我的想法是，在他们困难的时候要给他们以援助。
My idea is that we (should) give them a hand when they are in trouble. 2) 我们系有必要再建一个计算机中心。
It is necessary that another computer center (should) be set up in our department. 3) 老太太希望能活到看见孙子上大学。
The old woman wishes she could live to see her grandson go to college. 4) 他讲起那个城市来就好像本人去过那儿似的。
He talks about that city as if (though) he had been there himself. 5) 如果我们当时准备充分的话，我们就可能成功了。
Had we made (If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.填空题1 Her lawyer said that she understood the(consequence结果) of her action2 New (advanced提高)in medicine improve the quality of health care3 Without friends ,he felt （lonely孤独）in the city he had just arrived in4 Music is (invisible看不见)we can hear it and feel it but not see it5 She forgot to (insert插入) the letter into the envelope6 The Queen's (attendants服务员)were always surrounding her7 She loves her cat and often (pets抚摸) it on the back8 What do you (intend打算)doin when you get to that place9 A dark suit is (preferable更可取)to a light one for eveningwear10 Linda has $500 on (deposit存款) in her account11 The picnic was (interrupted打断)by a hard shower yesterday12．（Evidently明显）,he likes music so much that he’s taking piano lessons.P66请给家里打个电话，告诉他们我正在去公司的路上Please dial home and tell them I am on the way to the company 13) 从那时起生产就没有倒退过。
英汉翻译教程 全套课件
13
第一章：翻译概述——翻译的定义
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
3.《英汉翻译概要》，靳梅林 编著， 南开大学出版 社，1998年。
4.《新编汉英翻译教程》，陈宏薇 编著，上海外语教 育出版社，2004年。
5.《英汉翻译教程》，连淑能 编著，高等教育出版社， 2006年。
8
导学——学习网站
1. 中国翻译协会 /tran/index.htm 2. 中国科技翻译
4
导学——课程要求
Classroom polices: Late work: Assignments must be turned in on the due date for
full credit. Unless otherwise indicated, all assignments will be due at the beginning of the class period. Assignments that are turned in late will lose 5% per day. Copying and Plagiarism:
新标准大学英语综合教程2课后题翻译答案（英译汉,汉译英）题目答案一体的哦
新标准大学英语综合教程2课后翻译答案课后翻译答案Unit 11 1 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。
反对党联合政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。
反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。
( give rise to; form an alliance with; launch; bring about)Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with with the trade unions the trade unions the trade unions and launched a general and launched a general and launched a general strike, strike, strike, which which which ultimately ultimately ultimately brought brought about the downfall of the government.2 2 如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。
从前，大学是一如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。
从前，大学是一象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。
经一去不复返了。
( shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end) ( shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end)Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and the students are students are becoming more and becoming more and becoming more and more practical. Gone are the more practical. Gone are the more practical. Gone are the days days days when when when the the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.3 3 我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。
新标准大学英语第二版综合教程4课后翻译
Unit 1英译汉Google has spent years analyzing who succeeds at the company. They have moved away from a focus on GPAs, brand-name schools, and interview brain teasers (智力测验题). Google's Senior Vice President of People Operations, Laszlo Bock, suggests that credentials are no longer sufficient for success. Bock points out that graduates of top schools can lack intellectual humility and that succeeding in academia isn't always a sign of being able to do a job. Successful bright young graduates rarely experience failure, and they find that their academic careers have not prepared them to fail gracefully in the real world. Google recognizes the importance of intellectual humility in its applicants. The company looks for the ability to step back and embrace other people's ideas when those ideas are better. Bock says the No. 1 thing he is looking for is general cognitive ability. It is learning ability. It is the ability to process information on the fly.谷歌公司就什么人能在该公司取得成功这个问题做了多年的研究，研究关注的焦点不再是绩点、名牌大学、面试智力测验题。
综合英语教程五beauty英汉翻译
他要教导这些相貌出众却不谙世事的弟子们，生活确
我们则不然。几千年之后，我们更是小
美才被剥夺了它在关于人的优秀品质的古典理想
基督教把优秀的概念限制于道德上的美德，这样便把美束之高阁
人们已经约定俗成把美归之于两性中的一个性别：无论多么美丽，这个
（自恋）, reinforces dependence and immaturity. Everybody
and men) knows that. For it is “everybody”, a whole society, that has
being feminine with caring about how one looks. (In contrast to being
我们则不然。几千年之后，我们更是小
only, Christianity set beauty adrift ---- as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial
become a convention to attribute beauty to only one of the two sexes: the sex
the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were
between a person’s “inside” and “outside”, they still expected that inner
苏格拉底) found it quite paradoxical （自相矛盾的）
把美和妇女相联系，结果使得美在道德上更容易受到批判和攻
研究生英语综合教程UNIT 课文及翻译 含汉译英英译汉 PDF版
UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后翻译汉译英答案
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后翻译答案Unit11 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。
有的人认为对未来应该有一个明确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考虑未来，因为未来难以预料。
(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university. Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties.2 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。
虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。
( tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule.Unit21 在火车站上，有一位老人给我讲述了他参加解放战争的经历，那些战斗故事对我有着极大的吸引力。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT8课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT81. In the last year, MOOCs have gotten a tremendous amount of publicity. Last November, the New York Times decided that 2012 was “the Year of the MOOC,” and columnists like David Brooks and Thomas Friedman have proclaimed ad nausea that the MOOC “revolution” is a “tsunami” that will soon transform higher education. As a Time cover article on MOOCs put it — in a rhetorical flourish that has become a truly dead cliché — “College is Dead. Long Live College!”2. Where is the hype coming from? On the one hand, higher education is ripe for “disruption” — to use Clayton Christensen’s theory of “disruptive innovation” — because there is a real, systemic crisis in higher education, one that offers no apparent or immanent solution. It’s hard to imagine how the status quo can survive if you extend current trends forward into the future: how does higher education as we know it continue if tuition fees and student debt continue to skyrocket while state funding continues to plunge? At what point does the system simply break down? Something has to give.3.At the same time, the speed at which an obscure form of non-credit-based online pedagogy has gone so massively mainstream demonstrates the level of investment that a variety of powerful people and institutions have made in it. The MOOC revolution, if it comes, will not be the result of a groundswell of dissatisfaction felicitously finding a technology that naturally solves problems, nor some version of the market’s invisible hand. It’s a tsunami powered by the interested speculation of interested parties in a particular industry. MOOCs are, and will be, big business, and the way that their makers see profitability at the end of the tunnel is what gives them their particular shape.4. After all, when the term itself was coined in 2008 — MOOC, for Massively Open Online Course — it described a rather different kind of project. Dave Cormier suggested the name for an experiment in open courseware that George Siemens and Stephen Downes were putting together at the University of Manitoba, a class of 25 students that was opened up to over 1,500 online participants. The tsunami that made land in 2012 bears almost no resemblance to that relatively small — and very differently organized — effort at a blended classroom.For Cormier, Siemens, and Downes, the first MOOC was part of a long-running engagement with connectivist principles of education, the idea that we learn best when we learn collaboratively, in networks, because the process of learning is less about acquiring new knowledge “content” than about building the social and neural connections that will 1. 去年，“大规模在线开放课程”得到了广泛的宣传。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT4课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT41. Think for a moment about your own life — the activities of your day, the possessions you enjoy, the surroundings in which you live. Is there anything you don’t have at this moment that you would like to have? Anything that you have, but that you would like more of? If your answer is “no,” then congratulations — either you are well advanced on the path of Zen self-denial, or else you are a close relative of Ted Turner . The rest of us, however, would benefit from an increase in our material standard of living. This simple truth is at the very core of economics. It can be restated this way: we all face the problem of scarcity.2 Almost everything in your daily life is scarce. You would benefit from a larger room or apartment, so you have a scarcity of space. You have only two pairs of shoes and could use a third for hiking; you have a scarcity of shoes. You would love to take a trip to Chicago, but it is difficult for you to find the time or the money to go — trips to Chicago are scarce.3 Because of scarcity, each of us is forced to make choices. We must allocate our scarce time to different activities: work, play, education, sleep, shopping, and more. We must allocate our scarce spending power among different goods and services: food, furniture, movies, long-distance phone calls, and many others.4 Economists study the choices we make as individuals and how those choices shape our economy. For example, the goods that each of us decides to buy ultimately determine which goods business firms will produce. This, in turn, explains which firms and industries will hire new workers and which will lay them off.5. Economists also study the more subtle and indirect effects of individual choice on our society. Will most Americans continue to live in houses, or — like Europeans will most of us end up in apartments? Will we have an educated and well-informed citizenry? Will museums and libraries be forced to close down? Will traffic congestion in our cities continue to worsen, or is there relief in sight? These questions hinge, in large part, on the separate decisions of millions of people. To answer them requires an understanding of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity.6. Think for a moment about the goals of our society. We want a high standard of living for all citizens: clean air, safe streets, and good schools. What is holding us back from accomplishing all of these goals in a way that would satisfy everyone? You probably already know the answer: scarcity. 1. 想一想你的生活：你每天从事的活动，你所拥有的财产，你所居住的环境。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2. Catford (1965), holds that translation is “the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent material in another …”. • 翻译就是‚把一种语言（源发语） 的文本材料替换成另一种语言（目 的语）中对等的文本材料‛ （Catford）
4.‚翻也者，如翻锦绮，背面俱花，但其花 有左右不同耳。 ‛——释赞宁《译经篇.论》 ‚译即易，谓换易言语使相‛ ——唐朝贾公彦《义疏》
古代：象寄之才、象胥、舌人。
疑汉以来，多事北方，故‚译‛名烂熟 矣。…… 南北朝始用‚翻译‛。—陈福康
• 5.翻译是‚把一种语言文字的意义用另一 种语言文字表达出来‛（《词海》） • 6.‚文学翻译是用另一种语言，把原作的 艺术意境(artisitic conception)传达出 来，使读者在读原文的时候能够感受到像 原作一样的得到启发，感动和美的感受。‛ （矛盾） • 7.翻译是跨语言（cross-linguistic)、跨 文化 (cross-cultural)、跨社会(crosssocial) 的交际活 动。 ——陈宏薇
• 8. 所谓翻译，就是把用一种பைடு நூலகம்言构成 的文本（text)用另一种语言准确而完 整地再造出来。 • 从这个意义上来说，翻译是一种精神 产品的再生产过程，是通过翻译工作 者的创造性思维活动来完成的。
1.1 Brief History of Translation in China
中国历史上出现过三次翻译高潮： 第一次:东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译；（佛教三大翻 译家：鸠摩罗什-《金刚经》、《法华经》、真 谛《摄大乘论》、玄奘-梵文译成汉文,汉文译成 梵文_老子） 第二次:明末清初的科技翻译（徐光启、林纾、 严复《天演论》、徐光启和意大利人利玛窦《几 何原本》《测量法义》）; 第三次:鸦片战争至‚五四‛的西学翻译（《共 产党宣言》鲁迅、《毁灭》《死魂灵》瞿秋白 《论巴尔扎克》）。
Lecture One
•翻译概论
Teaching Contents:
• • • • • • • 1.Brief history of translation; 2. Definition of translation 3. Categories of translation; 4. Qualifications for translators; 5. Prerequisites for a translator; 6. Processes of translation; 7. Assessment of translation.
第二学期教学内容
• • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. • 7. • 8. 翻译的常用技巧（一） • 翻译的常用技巧（二） • 翻译的常用技巧（三） • • 翻译练习 翻译的常用技巧（四） • 翻译的常用技巧（五） • 翻译练习 • 文体与翻译（一） • 9. 翻译练习 10.文体与翻译（二） 11.翻译练习 12.文体与翻译（三） 13.翻译练习 14.文体与翻译（四） 15.翻译练习 16.文化意识与翻译
英汉翻译综合教程
第一学期教学内容
• • • • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 翻译概论 翻译过程 翻译学习方法 翻译方法 英汉语言对比规律 工具书的选择与运用 克服翻译症 翻译练习 • • • • • • • • 9.词义选择 10.翻译练习 1.搭配、习语翻译 12.翻译练习 13.长句翻译 14.翻译练习 15.语篇分析 16.翻译练习
•
2.翻译课的教学任务
翻译课的教学任务就是向学生传授翻译 基础理论、常用的翻译方法、技巧；并 通过大量翻译练习实践扎实语言基础， 其目的是提高学生运用语言的能力，培 养他们的实际翻译技能，使其能在一定 的时间内译出所规定的文字语码，达到 相应的翻译水平。
• 翻译证书:
• 1. 翻译专业资格（水平）考试 • • 2.上海翻译证书考试
1.2 翻译的定义
• 1. E. A. Nida: “Translation consists of producing in the target language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly with respect to meaning and secondly with respect to style.” (1959)
翻译课的教学要求和任务
(Requirements & Tasks of Translation Course)
1.翻译课教学要求：
《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》（以下简称《大纲》） 就高校翻译教学规定：‚笔译课的目的在于使学生具备笔头 翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种 语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌 握英汉双语翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文 体的翻译技巧和英汉互译的能力。‛ ‚能运用翻译的理论 和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将 我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为 每小时250—300个英文单词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流 畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。‛
3. Peter Newmark, the first contemporary scholar to discuss the use of the communicative approach in translation on academic, defines translation as ''taking the meaning from one text and integrating it into another language for a new and sometimes different readership''