2018届高三英语一轮复习语法专项学案：专题四--形容词和副词

热点语法四形容词和副词

编者：巩玉香修编：王海虹

语法要点精析

一、形容词、副词的同级比较

1. as+ adj/adv原级+as 与“not +so +adj/adv +as”表示同级比较

如：He runs as fast as I.

You should be as careful as your brother.

Tom is as good as John in the ability to deal with such cases.

二、形容词、副词的比较级

A. 构成

1.单音节和部分双音节词在词尾加-er或-est构成比较级和最高级。

如：happy---happier---happiest slow---slower---lowestbig--- bigger ---biggest

2. 多音节词在原级前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。

如：careful---more careful---most careful slowly---more slowly---most slowly

3. 部分不规则的比较级和最高级。

big---bigger---biggest , little---less---least , far---farther/further---farthest/furthest

bad/ill/badly---worse---worst, good/well---better---best, old---older/elder---oldest/eldest

many/much---more---most

B. 比较级的几种形式

1.比较级+than

如：He ran faster than his brother.

This book is more interesting than that one.

Tom is a more honest boy than Peter.

I am two years older than he.==I am older than he by two years.

2. 表示一方不如另一方时用：less+原级+than = not as…as..

如：His bike is less expensive than mine.==His bike is not as expensive as mine.

3. “The +比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语” 表示一方随另一方程度变化，意为

“越…越…”如：The more he eats, the fatter he will be.

The busier we are, the happier we feel.

The harder you work , the great progress you will make.

4. “the +比较级” 两者之间较……的一个，常用于of /between the two…结构中

如：Of the two boys, Mike is the taller.

This book is the more interesting between the two.

The coat is the cheaper of the two.

5.“比较级and 比较级” 意为“越来越…”

如：He is getting stronger and stronger.

Our country will be richer and more beautiful .

三、形容词、副词的最高级

A. 最高级: 用于三者或三者以上结构：the –est/the most+原单词，如是副词，the可省略如：He ran (the) fastest and was the tallest among the runners.

B. 修饰最高级的词：by far, nearly, the second, almost等

如：The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

C. 表达最高级的其他形式

1. 原级与否定句连用可表示最高级之意

如：1) No one is as clever as Tom.

2) I have never seen anyone who writes as carefully as Peter.

2.比较级与否定句连用可表示最高级之意

如：1) I have never seen a better film than this.

=This is the best film he has ever seen.

2) ---What do you think of his speech.

--- He couldn’t have done better.

3) --What do you think of the restaurant ?

---We couldn’t have found a better place.

3. There is nothing like n/doing没有比……更好的

如：There is nothing like home.

四、倍数表达法

1.主语+谓语+倍数/分数/half ..+比较级than….

如：This river is twice wider than that one.

2.主语+谓语+倍数/分数/half.. +as adj (long,big/large, wide, deep, tall/height….) as

=主语+谓语+倍数/分数/half.. the n(length, size, width, depth, height…) of

如：The rope is twice as long as that one

==The rope is twice the length of that one.

3.主语+谓语+倍数+ what从句

如：He now earns three times what he did three years ago.

五、形容词（短语）作状语和副词作评论性状语

1、形容词（短语）作状语表示伴随或结果，通常用来说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质和特征等，但并不表示动作的方式。

He came to school this morning, very upset.

2. 连接副词和修饰整个句子作评论性状语的副词，通常位于句首。有时候也用于句中或句尾。

Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

达标练习

I.单句语法填空

1. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining_______________(heavy)

2. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea, _________________（fortune）neither of them

could swim.

3. There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _______________ (event)gave

up.

4. I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet _______________ (adequate)prepared.

5.He began to take political science ________________(serious) only when he left school．

6.---- Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?

---- Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _____________(skill) and they won the firs prize.

7.Running a company is not ___________(simple) a matter of hiring people — they also need to be trained.

8.As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______________(occasion).

9.---Volunteering is becoming_________________ (increase)popular in China.

---Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.

10.Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are

___________________(environment)friendly .

11.In spite of ____________( repeat) wrongs done to him, he looks ____________(friend) to people greeting him.

12.Frank put the mediocre in the top drawer to make sure it would not be _____________ (access)to the kids.

13.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a _____________(tolerate)smile and let him go.

14.It isn’t socially _______________(accept)for parents to leave children unattended at that age.