被动语态的用法

动词的被动语态用法

一：构成“be +过去分词”，be有时候可以用become或get等代替。

如：He was/got hurt in a car accident.

二：被动语态的时态

1）一般时态：be +过去分词（包括一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时）

如：English is spoken in many countries.

The work was finished 3 days ago.

Some people believe that the earth will be destroyed if people continue to do harm to environment.

2)进行时态：be +being+过去分词(现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时)

His plan is being carried out successfully.

The road was being repaired when he left there.

The house will be being painted by Tom tomorrow at this time.

3)完成时态：have/had +been+过去分词(现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时)

如：

The naughty boy has been punished because he was late for class again.

The building had been pulled down before he moved here.

The girl will have been sent abroad by the end of this month.

三：被动语态的否定式和疑问式

1)否定式: 在第一助动词后直接加“not”

如：I won't be fooled by his tricks.

The work hasn't been finished yet.

2)疑问式: 直接把第一助动词提到主语前面去。

如：Is your house being painted by Tom?

Have your homework been finished?

※如果要指明动作的发出者，可以用“by+名词/代词”或“with+名词/代词”。By强调行为的发出者，而with强调手段，方式，工具。

如：

The ground is covered by/with snow.

The book was written by John.

This kind of fruit can be peeled with a knife.

The work was done with a computer.

四：被动句的主语

被动句一般可由主动句变化而来，并且被动句的主语由哪部分充当,和谓语动词的用法直接相关。

1）“主语+宾语”变为被动句：

We have finished our homework.

Our homework has been finished.

They have bought some books.

Some books have been bought by them.

2)"动词+双宾语"变为被动句：

I showed them my pictures.

A)They was shown of my pictures.(由间接宾语变来)

B)My pictures were shown to them.(由直接宾语作主语)

My uncle give me(间接宾语) a birthday present.（直接宾语）

I was given a birthday present by my uncle.

A birthday present was given to me by my uncle.

3）“动词+宾语+介词短语”变为被动句：宾语变为被动句主语，而介词短语仍然跟在谓语之后。

He told the news to me.

The news was told to me.

He reminded me of tomorrow's meeting(介词短语).

I was reminded of tomorrow's meeting.

4）“动词+宾语+宾语补语”变为被动语态。这里，宾语补语主要是：形容词、不定式、现在分词，过去分词，甚至是名词。将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补语仍然跟在谓语之后。

The woman left the boy alone in the room(形容词作宾语补语).

The boy was left alone in the room.

I want you to buy me some books.(不定式作宾语补语)

You are wanted to buy me some books.

☆注意：当不带“to”的不定式作宾语补语时，变为被动语态，要还原不定式“to”。

这样用的动词主要有：

A)使役动词。如have,make,let.

I made him do homework at home. He was made to do homework at home.

B)表感官的动词。如see,look at, watch,notice, observe,hear,listen to,feel.

I heard her cry in the room She was heard to cry in the room.

I saw him playing computer games in his bedroom(现在分词作宾语补语).

He was seen playing computer games in his bedroom.

I had my homework finished(过去分词作宾语补语) last night.

My homework was finished last night.