百科知识英美文化
英美文化常识
About American1.What is the full name of America?The United States of America2 How many states are there in the United States?Fifty states3 What is the capital of the USAWashington D.C.4 Where is the Stature of Liberty?In New York5 Where does the American president live ?In the white houseAbout Britain1 What does UK stand for ?The United Kingdom2 What us the full name of the UK?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3What are the four parts of the UK?England,Scotland,Wales,and Northern Ireland.4In which continent is the UK situated?In Europe.5 By which channel is the UK separatedThe English ChannelAbout China1.How many ethnic groups are there in China?562.In which continent is China locatedIn Asia3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China?Paper-making,printing,gunpowder,and the compass4. What is the largest island in China?Taiwan Island5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?On October 1st,19496. How many stars are there on the national flag of China?Five7 .Name three neighboring countries of China(The answer varies.It could be any three of them) japan,Vietnam,Russia,Cambodia,Laos,etc) three well -known scenic spots in Beijing(The answer varies.It could be any three of them) The Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Imperial Palace,Tian’anmen Square,etc.9 .Why do the Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn FestivalThey celebrate the it to honor the great poet Qu Yuan10. what do Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn Festival.Moon cakes.11.What is the most important traditional festival in China? The spring Festival12. what do the Chinese do on New Year’s Eve?Family members get together and have a big dinner.13. what do people eat on the Lantern Festival?Rice dumplings14. What animal is called “The National Treasure of China”? The panda.。
英美历史常识
英美历史常识简介本文档将介绍英美历史的一些基本常识，包括关键事件和重要人物，以帮助读者对这一领域有更全面的了解。
英国历史古代英国历史可以追溯到古代时期，包括凯尔特人入侵、罗马帝国统治和盎格鲁-撒克逊人的到来。
中世纪英国中世纪时期包括诺曼征服、腓特烈一世的统治和百年战争。
文艺复兴和启蒙时期16世纪的英国经历了文艺复兴运动，莎士比亚成为著名的剧作家。
17世纪的启蒙时期，伊丽莎白一世统治、英国内战和格伦维尔革命都对英国产生了重大影响。
工业革命18世纪末至19世纪初，英国发生了工业革命。
这一时期引领了现代工业化，并对全球产生了深远的影响。
大英帝国和两次世界大战19世纪后期至20世纪初，英国建立了庞大的大英帝国。
然而，两次世界大战给英国帝国带来了巨大的冲击，导致大英帝国的瓦解。
美国历史殖民地时期美国历史的起源可以追溯到欧洲移民的殖民地时期。
早期的殖民地包括弗吉尼亚、马萨诸塞、宾夕法尼亚等。
独立战争美国独立战争发生在1775年至1783年期间。
美国经历了与英国的战争，并最终获得了独立。
美国宪法和西部拓荒美国宪法于1787年起草并于1789年生效。
19世纪的西部拓荒运动带动了美国西部的开发和扩张。
南北内战南北内战发生在1861年至1865年，是美国历史上最血腥和具有重大意义的战争之一。
它导致了奴隶制度的废除和联邦政府的增强。
两次世界大战和现代美国美国参与了两次世界大战，并成为二战后的世界超级大国。
美国在政治、经济和文化领域发挥着重要作用。
结论英美历史是世界历史中至关重要的一部分。
通过了解这些基本常识，读者可以更好地理解英美文化和政治的发展，以及它们对世界产生的影响。
英美文化知识点总结高中
英美文化知识点总结高中Culture is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses a wide range of beliefs, customs, traditions, and practices that are shared by a group of people. British and American culture are two of the most influential and widely studied cultures in the world, with a rich history and diverse traditions that have developed over centuries. In this summary, we will explore various aspects of British and American culture, including language, literature, music, food, holidays, and values, to provide a comprehensive overview of these two fascinating cultures.LanguageThe English language is a central component of both British and American culture, and it has had a profound impact on the global stage. While both countries primarily speak English, there are noticeable differences between British English and American English in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, and spelling. For example, Americans use the word "elevator" to refer to a vertical transportation device, while the British use the word "lift." Additionally, Americans spell words like "color" and "center," while the British use "colour" and "centre." These differences highlight the diverse linguistic influences that have shaped English in both countries over time.LiteratureBritish and American literature have made significant contributions to the global literary canon, with writers from both countries producing enduring works that have left a lasting impact on literature. British literature boasts a rich history that includes iconic figures such as William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and Virginia Woolf. Their works have become timeless classics that continue to be studied and celebrated around the world. American literature, on the other hand, has been shaped by influential writers like Mark Twain, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and Toni Morrison, whose novels and stories have played a vital role in shaping the American literary tradition. Both British and American literature provide valuable insights into the cultural, social, and historical contexts that have shaped these two nations.MusicMusic is an integral part of both British and American culture, with each country contributing significantly to the global music industry. British music has been particularly influential, with iconic bands such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Queen making a lasting impact on popular music. The UK has also been home to various musical movements, from the British Invasion of the 1960s to the punk and Britpop scenes of later decades. In the United States, music has played a crucial role in shaping popular culture, with genres such as jazz, blues, rock and roll, and hip-hop emerging as distinctive American contributions to the world of music. American musicians such as Elvis Presley, MichaelJackson, and Madonna have achieved immense success and have had a profound influence on global music trends.FoodBritish and American cuisine reflect the diverse culinary traditions that have developed in each country over time. British food is often associated with hearty, traditional dishes such as fish and chips, bangers and mash, and roast beef with Yorkshire pudding. The UK is also known for its love of tea, with the traditional afternoon tea being a quintessentially British custom. In contrast, American cuisine is characterized by a wide range of influences, including Native American, European, African, and Asian culinary traditions. Foods such as hamburgers, hot dogs, apple pie, and barbecue have become iconic American dishes that are enjoyed both domestically and internationally.HolidaysHolidays are an integral part of both British and American cultures, providing opportunities for people to come together, celebrate, and participate in various traditions and festivities. In Britain, holidays such as Christmas, Easter, and Guy Fawkes Night are widely celebrated, with each holiday having its own unique customs and rituals. In the United States, holidays such as Thanksgiving, Independence Day, and Halloween are significant, with each one holding special meaning and cultural significance for Americans.ValuesBritish and American cultures are shaped by a set of core values and beliefs that are integral to the identity of each nation. In Britain, values such as politeness, respect for tradition, and a love of the countryside are highly esteemed. The British also place a strong emphasis on the importance of tea-drinking and the art of queuing. In the United States, values such as individualism, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness play a central role in the national ethos. Americans also place a high value on diversity, innovation, and the American Dream, which reflects the country's commitment to opportunity and upward mobility.In conclusion, British and American culture are rich, diverse, and complex, encompassing a wide range of traditions, customs, and practices that have evolved over time. Language, literature, music, food, holidays, and values are just a few of the many elements that contribute to the unique identities of these two nations. By understanding and appreciating the cultural aspects of Britain and America, individuals can gain valuable insights into the historical, social, and artistic contexts that have shaped these influential cultures.。
英美文化名词解释（2）
英美文化名词解释（2）英语国家概况名词解释系列（1）Amerigo Vespucci----Amerigo Vespucci, a navigator, proved that the land was not India,but a new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after.The Puritans----The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen. They wanted to purify the Church of England and threatened with religious persecution, the Puritans leaders saw the New world as the a refuge provided by God for those He meant to save.英语国家概况名词解释系列（2）The Bill of Rights----In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.The Emancipation Proclamation----After the Civil war began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to win more support at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves in areas still controlled by the Confederacy.英语国家概况名词解释系列（3）Pilgrims Thanksgiving Day----The Pilgrims in 1620, 201 of them sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. The first winter after their arrival was very cold and when spring came, half of them were dead. Then the Indians came to their help and taught them how to grow corn. They had a good harvest that year. So they invited the Indians and held the first Thanksgiving celebration in America to give thanks to God.The Chunnel----In 1985 the British government and French government decided to build a channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel”, under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994.英语国家概况名词解释系列（4）Eisteddfod----Eisteddfod is the Welsh word for “sitting” National Eidteddfod is the most famous festival of music and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the festival is competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh. The winner is crowned Board, considered the supreme honour in Wales. In this way the Welsh people keep the Welsh language and culture alive.Cockney----A cockney is a Londoner who is born within the sound of Bow Bells-the Bells of the church of St. Mary-LeBow in east London.英语国家概况名词解释系列（5）Stonehenge----It is a group of huge monuments of grant rock Slabs on salisbury plain in Southwest England built as long ago as the New Stone Age. It is generally believed that stonehenge served some sort of religious purposes.The Celts----The Celts came to Britain in three main waves. The first wave were the Gales, the second wave were the Brythons and the Belgae came about 150BC. The Celts were practised farmers. The Celtic tribes are ancestors of the Highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh, And their languages are the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic. They religion was Druidism.英语国家概况名词解释系列（6）Norman Conquest----The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William theconqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Alfred the Great----He was king of Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. It was he who led the Anglo-Saxon to flight against the invading Danes and maintained peace for a long time. Alfred was not only a brave king at wartime, but also a wise king at peacetime. He encouraged education and introduced a legal system. He is known as “the father of the British navy”.英语国家概况名词解释系列（7）St. Augustine----In 597,Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in Rome, t o England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. That year, St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. Augustine was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north.Domesday Book----It is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent, value, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. T oday, it is kept in the Public Records Office in London.英语国家概况名词解释系列（8）Geoffrey Chaucer----He was an important English poet in the fourteenth century. His best known is The Canterbury Tales, which describes a group of pilgrims travelling to Canterbury tovisit Thomas Becket’s tomb. Because he was the first impor tant English poet to write in English. He has been known as the “Father of English Poetry”.The Black Death----It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences.英语国家概况名词解释系列（9）The Wars of Roses玫瑰战争----the name Wars of the Roses was refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the read rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory at Bosworth Fireld in 1485 and put ht country under the rule of the Tudors. From these Wars, English feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.The Glorious Revolution of 1688光荣革命---- In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.英语国家概况名词解释系列（10）The Gunpowder Plot of 1605火药阴谋案----The GunpowderPlot of 1605 was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies. On Nov. 5,1605, a few fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King James and his ministers up in the House of Parliament where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels of gun-powder in the cellars. The immediate result was the execution of Fawkes and his fellow-conspirators and imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-term result has been an annual celebration on Nov. 5, when a bonfire is lit to turn a guy and a firework display is arranged. Blood Mary血腥玛丽----It is the nickname given to Mary I, the English Queen who succeeded to the throne after Henry VIII. She was a devout Catholic and had so many Protestants burnt to death that she is remembered less by her official title Mary I by her nickname Blood Mary.英语国家概况名词解释系列（11）Thatcherism撒切尔主义----The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weaking of trade forces unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.The Trade Union Act of 1871工会法----It legalized the trade unions and give financial security. It meant that in law there was no difference between money for benefic purposes and collecting it to support strike action.英语国家概况名词解释系列（12）Agribusiness农业产业----The new farming has been called “agribusiness”, because it is equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the processes which occur on the farm and outputs or products which leave the farm.British disease英国病----The term “British disease”is now often used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.英语国家概况名词解释系列（13）Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制----It is a political system that has been practised in Britain since the Glorious revolution of 1688. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but does not rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact, in the House of Commons.Privy Council枢密院----A consultative body of the British monarch. Its origin can be traced back to the times of the Norman Kings. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, its importance was gradually diminished and replaced by the Cabinet. Today, it is still a consultation body of the British monarch, Its membership is about 400, and includes al Cabinet ministers, the speaker of the House of Commons, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and senior British and Commonwealth statesmen.英语国家概况名词解释系列（14）The National Health Service----It is a very important part of the welfare system in Britain. It is a nationwide organization based on Acts of Parliament. It provides all kinds of free or nearly free medical treatment both in hospital and outside. It is financed mainly by payments by the state out of general taxation. People are not obliged to use this service. The service is achieving its main objectives with outstanding success.Comprehensive schools----Comprehensives schools take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide awide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.英语国家概况名词解释系列（15）Reuters----It was founded in 1851 by the German, Julius Reuter. It is now a publicly owned company, employing over 11000 staff in 80 countries. It has more than 1300 staff journalists and photographers.The Crown Court----A criminal court that deals with the more serious cases and holds sessions in towns throughout England and Wales. It is presided over either by a judge from the High Court of Justice or a local full-time judge.英语国家概况名词解释系列（16）The Great lakes----The Great Lakes are the five lakes in the northeast. They are Lake Superior which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan (the only one entirely in the U.S.), Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States expect Lake Michigan.The Mississippi----The Mississippi has been called “father of waters “or” old man river”. It and Its tributaries drain one of the richest farm areas in the world. It is the fourth longest river in the world and the most important river in the United States.英语国家概况名词解释系列（17）Uncle Tom’s Cabin----It was a sentimental but powerful antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It converted many readers to the abolitionist cause.Gettysburg----It refer to the short speech President Lincoln made when he dedicated the national cemetery at Gettyburg. He ended the speech with “the government of the people, by the people, for the people, sha ll not perish from the earth”.英语国家概况名词解释系列（18）The Red Scare----When the WWI was over, there existed a highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism. Between 1919 and 1920, the Red Scare happened. On Nov.7,1919 and Jan.2,1920, the Justice Department launched two waves of mass arrests. Over 4000 suspected Communists and radical were arrested.The New Deal----In order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of Americaneconomy.英语国家概况名词解释系列（19）Truman Doctrine----On Mar.12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine in his speech to the joint session of Congress. The Doctrine meant to support any country which said it was fighting communism.Marshall Plan----It was announced by George Marshall on June.5, 1947, and was the economic aid plan for Western Europe. It was also used to prevent the loss of Western Europe into the Soviet sphere.英语国家概况名词解释系列（20）London smog----In 195, the sulphur dioxide in the four-day London smog, an unhealthy atmosphere formed by mixing smoke and dirt with fog. It left 4000 people dead or dying. Since then most cities in Br itain have introduced “clean air zones” whereby factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.Family Doctor----In order to obtain the benefits of the NHS a person must normally be registered on the list of a general practitioner, someti mes known as a “family doctor”. The familydoctor gives treatment or prescribes medicine, or, if necessary, arranges for the patient to go to hospital or to be seen at home by a specialist.英语国家概况名词解释系列（21）Marvellous Melbourne----After the gold rush in 1850s and 1860s, there was an important revolution in transport, especially with the network of tram and railway systems. This changed the pace of urban life and the appearance of the city and soon people were calling the city “Marvellous Melbourne”. But by the 1890s outsiders were calling the city “Marvellous Melbourne” because of the bad smell of the city.Waitangi Day----In 1840 the first official governor, William Hobson, was sent to negotiate with Maori leaders. In 1840 Hobson, representing Queen Victoria, and some Maori chiefs, signed the Treaty of Waitangi. Modern New Zealand was founded. The anniversary of the signing, February 6, is celebrated as New Zealand National Day, Waitangi Day, and is a national holiday.英语国家概况名词解释系列（22）Multiculturalism----The term multiculturalism was coined in Canada in the late 1960s. It was in official use in Australia by 1973. In other words, under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. Multiculturalism as a policy recognizes that social cohesion is attained by tolerating differences within an agreed legal and constitutional framework.Quiet Revolution----Ever since 1763, when France lost its empire in North America to England, French Canadians have struggled to preserve their language and culture. In the early 1960s French Canadians became more vocal in their protests. In particular, they complained that were kept out of jobs ingovernment and in some large businesses because they spoke only French. They have been struggling more rights common which was called “Quiet revolution”.英语国家概况精讲系列（一）Chapter 1第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
英美文化知识点总结图
英美文化知识点总结图英美文化是指英国和美国两国的文化，由于历史和地理因素的影响，英美文化在很多方面有着共同的特点，但也有一些不同之处。
本文将从语言、食物、节日、音乐、体育和社会礼仪等方面对英美文化进行总结。
一、语言1. 英语英语是英美两国的官方语言，它们有着共同的语法和词汇，但在语音和部分词汇上有一些差别。
在英国，英语分为英格兰英语、苏格兰英语、威尔士英语和北爱尔兰英语等方言；而美国的英语则有着更多的地域性差异，比如东部和西部的口音、南部和北部的词汇用法等。
2. 俚语英美两国都有着丰富的俚语和口头禅，比如英国人说的“bloke”（家伙），美国人说的“cool”（酷），这些词汇的使用方式和含义在不同地区也会有一些不同。
3. 礼貌用语在英美两国，称呼方式和礼貌用语也有一些不同。
比如在英国，“sir”和“madam”被用于商务场合或对陌生人的称呼，而在美国，“sir”和“ma'am”更多地被用于尊敬长者。
二、食物1. 早餐英国人习惯吃牛奶、麦片、烤面包和熏肉等食物作为早餐，而美国人更喜欢在早餐时吃鸡蛋、培根、土豆和煎饼等。
2. 午餐英国人通常吃三明治、鱼和薯条、谢菲尔德派、烤土豆等作为午餐，而美国人更喜欢吃汉堡包、比萨、墨西哥卷饼和烤肉。
3. 晚餐在英国，晚餐通常由三道菜组成，包括开胃菜、主菜和甜点；而在美国，晚餐则更注重肉类和蔬菜的搭配，通常会有更多的甜点选择。
4. 茶文化英国人有着悠久的茶文化，他们通常会在下午喝茶，并且会搭配一些小点心；而美国人更喜欢喝咖啡，下午茶更多的是一种社交活动。
1. 圣诞节在英国和美国，圣诞节都是重要的节日，人们会装饰圣诞树、交换礼物、吃圣诞大餐等，但两国在庆祝方式上有些差别。
比如在英国，圣诞布置通常更加传统和典雅，而在美国，圣诞的装饰则更加繁华和华丽。
2. 独立日独立日是美国的国庆节，人们会进行烟花表演、游行、野餐和烧烤等庆祝活动。
而在英国，没有类似的国庆节，但人们会在特定的日期举行各种民俗活动和庆祝仪式。
英美文化 2
英国:4月23日/7月---戏剧节--为纪念莎士比亚而举行的盛大文娱活动 英语国家中重要的节假日:圣诞节---12月25日，情人节----2月14日；感 恩节—11月的第四个星期四开始，持续四天 感恩节 每年11月的最后一个星期四是感恩节 (Thanksgiving Day) 。感恩节是美 国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国 人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。 感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年，著名的“五月 花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。 1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥 寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。这时，心地善 良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、 捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰 收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的 日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。 在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时 鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意， 然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、 唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传 了300多年，一直保留到今天。 初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定。直到美国独立后的1863 年，林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日
游戏
还有一种玉米游戏也很古老。据说这是为了纪念当年在粮 食匮乏的情况下发给每个移民五个玉米而流传下来的。游 戏时。人们把五个玉米藏在屋里，由大家分头去找，找到 玉米的五个人参加比赛，其他人在一旁观看。比赛开始， 五个人就迅速把玉米粒剥在一个碗里，谁先剥完谁得奖， 然后由没有参加比赛的人围在碗旁边猜里面有多少玉米粒， 猜得数量最接近的奖给一大意爆玉米花。
英美文化英语考试知识点
英美文化英语考试知识点1英国地理1. The full name of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland.英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士3. UK consists of 4 parts England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.英国由4部分组成英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰4. The most densely populated area: England.人口最密集的地区:英国The least populated area: Northern Ireland.人口最少的面积:北爱尔兰5.Britain is now a Multiracial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.英国现在是一个多种族社会生产人口的1在20个非欧洲的种族6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis最高的山在英国是本尼维斯山.7. London is the political, commercial, cultural center of UK. Scenic spots in London are The London Eye, Big Ben, Tower Bridge, Waterloo Bridge, Trafalgar Square, ST Paul’s.伦敦是政治、商业、文化中心的英国。
英美文化背景知识在英语阅读中的作用
英美文化背景知识在英语阅读中的作用在学习英语阅读的过程中，理解英美文化背景知识是非常重要的。
英美文化背景知识可以帮助读者更好地理解英语文章中的文化内涵、习惯和惯例，从而更加全面地理解和把握文章内容。
了解英美文化背景知识也有助于提高阅读的速度、理解的深度和阅读体验的质量。
本文将从英美文化背景知识在英语阅读中的重要性、具体作用和如何学习英美文化背景知识等方面进行探讨。
英美文化背景知识在英语阅读中的重要性不言而喻。
英美作为世界上两个最有影响力的国家，其文化在全球范围内都有很大的影响力。
了解英美文化可以帮助读者更好地理解英语文章中的一些文化现象和文化内涵，比如习俗、传统、价值观等。
而且，很多英语文章都是以英美文化为背景进行创作的，所以了解英美文化对于理解这些文章的内涵和精神更为重要。
英美文化知识还可以帮助读者更好地融入英语国家的社会生活，并且在与英语国家的人交流时更为得心应手。
英美文化背景知识对于提高英语阅读的速度和理解的深度非常重要。
对于那些熟悉英美文化的读者来说，在阅读英语文章时可以更快地理解文中所涉及到的文化信息，从而更快地理解文章内容。
而对于那些不了解英美文化的读者来说，可能会在阅读中遇到许多不明白的地方，导致阅读速度减慢，理解深度不够。
所以，了解英美文化对于提高阅读速度和理解深度有着重要的作用。
尤其是对于一些英语水平较低的学生来说，了解英美文化可以帮助他们更快地适应英语阅读，从而提高学习效率。
如何学习英美文化背景知识也是一个需要重视的问题。
可以通过阅读相关的英美历史、文学、电影、音乐等方面的书籍和资料进行学习。
这些资料可以帮助读者了解英美文化的发展脉络、重要事件和代表性作品，从而更深入地理解英美文化。
可以通过与英美人交流、观看英美媒体以及参加英美文化活动等方式进行学习。
与英美人交流可以帮助读者更直观地了解英美文化的生活习惯和社会现象，观看英美媒体可以帮助读者更直观地了解英美文化的娱乐和媒体风格，参加英美文化活动可以帮助读者更身临其境地体验英美文化的魅力。
英美文化与社会背景知识
英美文化与社会背景知识一、引言英美文化与社会背景知识的了解对于我们的交流、学习和工作具有重要意义。
本文将从语言、传统、文学和社会背景等方面介绍英美文化的特点和历史背景。
二、语言与文化1. 英美英语的区别英国英语与美国英语虽然有相同之处，但在发音、词汇和语法等方面存在差异。
这是由于英国和美国在历史、地理和文化等方面的影响所导致的。
2. 文化特点的反映英美英语在表达方式、习惯用语和口头禅等方面反映了不同的文化特点。
例如，美国人较为直接表达，而英国人则更为含蓄。
三、传统与节日1. 英国传统英国拥有丰富的传统，如皇室婚礼、下午茶、联合国家日等。
这些传统承载了英国人的历史和文化，也呈现了他们的价值观和礼仪。
2. 美国节日美国作为一个移民国家，融合了不同的文化和传统。
诸如独立日、感恩节和万圣节等节日都体现了美国人的独特价值观和民族精神。
四、文学与艺术1. 英国文学英国文学拥有众多世界级作家和作品，如莎士比亚、狄更斯和奥威尔等。
这些作品展现了英国人的思想、情感和世界观。
2. 美国文学美国文学以马克·吐温、弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德和欧内斯特·海明威等作家的作品为代表。
这些作品反映了美国社会的多样性和变迁。
3. 艺术表现英美文化中的艺术形式有绘画、音乐和电影等。
例如，英国的抽象画派、美国的流行音乐和好莱坞电影等都对全球文化产生了深远影响。
五、社会背景与价值观1. 英国社会背景英国是一个历史悠久的王国，拥有独立的法律体系和议会制度。
其价值观包括礼貌、守时和尊重个人权利等。
2. 美国社会背景美国是一个自由主义的国家，追求个人自由、平等和机会。
价值观体现在宪法中，如言论自由、宗教自由和追求幸福等。
六、结论英美文化与社会背景知识的了解有助于我们更好地理解和融入英美社会。
通过学习语言、传统、文学和社会价值观，我们能够拓宽视野，增强跨文化交流的能力。
在全球化时代，这种跨文化理解将变得越来越重要。
英美知识问答剖析课件
英国文学
英国文学的发展历程
从古代到现代，英国文学经历了多个 阶段，每个阶段都有其独特的风格和 特点。
英国文学的重要流派
包括浪漫主义、维多利亚时代、现代 主义等，这些流派对世界文学产生了 深远的影响。
英国文学的代表人物
如莎士比亚、简·奥斯汀、狄更斯等 ，他们的作品被广泛阅读和传颂。
英国文学的主题和思想
英美文学的影响
英国文学对美国文学产生了深远的影响，而美国文学也对世界文学 产生了重要的影响。
04 英美教育体系
CHAPTER
英国教育体系
历史背景
英国教育体系源于中世纪教会学 校，经过数个世纪的演变和发展
，形成了当今的体系。
学制结构
英国教育体系分为四个阶段，分 别是幼儿教育、小学教育、中学 教育和高等教育，每个阶段都有
对国际关系的影响
英美文化在国际关系中发挥了重要的作用。由于英美文化的普及性和影响力，许多国家对 英美文化持有特殊的态度和情感。这种文化上的联系和认同感在一定程度上影响了国际关 系的走向和发展。
对社会变革的推动
英美文化对社会变革产生了积极的影响。例如，美国的民权运动和英国的平权运动等，都 是基于英美文化的价值观和理念而发起的社会变革运动。这些运动对推动社会进步和改变 社会观念产生了深远的影响。
05 英美社交礼仪
CHAPTER
英国社交礼仪
01
02
03
04
英国社交礼仪概述
英国社交礼仪强调礼貌、规矩 和传统，通常遵循一定的规则
和习俗。
见面与告别
在英国，人们通常握手或鞠躬 表示欢迎，离开时也要握手或
鞠躬告别。
称呼与地位
英国人重视地位和身份，通常 使用对方的头衔和姓氏，以示
英美文化背景知识
• “英美文化背景知识”课程旨在让学生通 过篇章阅读、电影欣赏、课堂讨论、现场 模拟等各种课堂活动和语言训练，提高学 生的阅读理解水平，扩大文化背景知识， 深入了解英美文化、社会习俗与我国文化 和习俗之间的差异，提高学生英语语言的 应用能力，培养学生跨文化交际的能力， 在认识和了解西方社会文明的过程中逐步 提高个人的文化素质和修养，并为那些准 备出国深造的学生提供一个了解西方文化、 礼仪、习俗的平台，帮助他们能够更快地 适应异国的生活与学习环境。
• 1. 欣赏英美国家的电影作品，音乐作品等，对台 词，歌词进行理解和模仿。
• 2. 学生阅读英美文化背景知识的文章，现场模拟 相关情境。
• 3. 学生分组，形成学生—教师、学生—学生相互 交流的体制。
• 4. 写出英美文化与中国文化对比的文章。
• 总之，不同的社会地理环境造成了各国各 民族、各地不同的文化，了解跨文化交际 是尊重他国、他民族、他地风俗习惯的前 提，是事业交流成功的保证。对中学生进 行跨文化交际的教育有着重要意义，而英 美文化背景知识的校本课可以更直接地要 让学生了解外国人的生活习惯、语言表达 方式，获得跨文化交际的知识和技能，同 时对教材中出现的许多国外的表达方式和 特殊的语言现象不教自通，扫清学习障碍， 提高了学生语言运用能力，及如何与外国 人打交道的技能，提高人文素养。
• 本教程共有18个课时。主要学习、探讨关 于英美国家六个方面的文化背景知识：
• 1. 社交礼仪与礼节 • 2. 社会风俗与习惯 • 3. 生活方式与风格 • 4. 食品与饮食习惯 • 5.传统节日及其历史 • 6.体育竞技与娱乐消遣
• 了解西方节日和历史以及体育、娱乐等方面的知 识也很好地帮助学生理解西方文化。比如，英语
中有很多历史典故，从字面上一般不容易理解， 但在英美国家却是常用语。如Sandwich一词，译
英美文化背景知识
英美文化背景知识英语国家中传统的文娱和体育活动；棒球、橄榄球等；英国；4月23日/7月---戏剧节--为纪念莎士比亚而举行的盛大文娱活动英语国家中重要的节假日及主要庆祝方式圣诞节---12月25日，情人节----2月14日；感恩节—11月的第四个星期四开始，持续四天感恩节每年11月的最后一个星期四是感恩节 (Thanksgiving Day) 。
感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。
1620年，著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。
1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。
这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。
在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。
在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。
第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。
第一个感恩节非常成功。
其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。
初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定。
直到美国独立后的1863年，林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日。
习俗每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处举行化装游行、戏剧表演和体育比赛等，学校和商店也都按规定放假体息。
孩子们还模仿当年印第安人的模样穿上离奇古怪的服装，画上脸谱或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。
散居在他乡外地的家人也会回家过节，一家人团团围坐在一起，大嚼美味火鸡。
英美文化知识点总结初中
英美文化知识点总结初中
英美文化是指英国和美国的文化，这两个国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化传统。
初中阶段是学生接触英美文化的重要时期，下面将从英美文化的饮食、节日、体育和艺术等方面进行总结。
一、饮食文化 1. 英式早餐：英国人的早餐通常包括煎蛋、培根、烤面包和烤番茄等食物。
这种丰盛的早餐给人们提供了充足的能量。
2. 快餐文化：美国是快餐
的发源地，汉堡包、炸鸡、薯条等快餐食品在美国非常流行。
3. 下午茶：英国人
喜欢在下午享用茶和点心，这是英国人独特的传统习惯。
二、节日文化 1. 圣诞节：在英美文化中，圣诞节是最重要的节日之一。
人们会互相赠送礼物，家庭成员会聚在一起享用丰盛的晚餐。
2. 感恩节：感恩节是美国
人的传统节日，人们会感谢收获和亲友的关爱，并举行盛大的家庭聚会。
三、体育文化 1. 足球：英国人对足球情有独钟，足球比赛是英国人生活中的重要组成部分。
2. 棒球：棒球是美国最受欢迎的运动之一，每年的世界棒球经典赛
吸引了全球的关注。
四、艺术文化 1. 莎士比亚：莎士比亚是英国最伟大的剧作家之一，他的作品对世界文学产生了深远的影响。
2. 奥斯卡奖：奥斯卡奖是美国电影界最重要的奖项，每年颁发给优秀的电影和电影人。
总结起来，英美文化在饮食、节日、体育和艺术等方面有着丰富多样的内容。
初中阶段的学生可以通过学习英美文化，了解不同国家的传统和习俗，拓宽自己的视野，丰富自己的知识。
英美文化背景知识PPT
（二）文化与语言的关系
1．在语言和文化的研究方面，有两种提法： （1）语言与文化（Language and Culture）――语言与文化两者并列 （2）文化中的语言（Language in Culture）――语言从属于文化 2．William Bright――将文化分为两大范畴：大文化（Big Culture）和小文 化（Small Culture），即语言与大文化的关系为从属关系，而与小文化 的关系是并列关系。 3．美国语言学家爱德华·萨比尔（1884-1939）――语言不能离开文化而存 在。
（三）挖掘英美文化的深层内容，在谈及英美文化现象 时，不仅要掌握种种事实，而且还要弄清楚其形成的 原因、过程与结果。 吹牛――talk horse 孺子牛――willing horse 牛饮――eat/drink like a horse 健壮如牛――as healthy as a horse 老黄牛――work like a horse 强按牛头不喝水――You can lead a horse to the river, but you can never expect to force it drink.
（五）在探讨英美文化共性的 基础上研究英美文化的差异性。
1．英美文化是人类先进文化的重要组成部分，在英 美两国分别于19世纪与20世纪中期成为世界第一 强国的过程中，英美文化传统所起的作用不容小 视。
2．英美文化的差异性也引发我们进行深思――即使是 英美这样具有母子血缘关系的国家，之所以走的是两 条完全不同的现代化发展道路，其文化传统方面的差 异所起的作用不容小视，因此，对于中国这样一个具 有2，000多年文化传统的古老国度而言，不应盲目照 搬照抄他国的模式，而是应该从本国的实际出发，以 中华民族的文化传统为基础，充分发挥中华民族的文 化传统优势，辅于全人类的先进文化遗产，探索走出 具有中国特色的现代化发展道路。
英美文化背景知识1
英美文化背景知识1Education in Britain and the USIn Britain all children have to go to school between the ages of 5 and 16. In the US children must go to school from the age of 6 to between the ages of 14 and 16, depending on the state they live in.Subject In England and Wales the subjects taught in schools are laid down by the National Curriculum(课程), which was introduced in 1988 and sets out(制定) in detail the subjects that children should study and the levels of achievement they should reach by the ages of 7, 11, 14 and 16, when they are tested.The National Curriculum does not apply in Scotland, where each school decides what subjects it will teach. In the US the subjects taught are decided by national and local governments. Whereas British schools usually have prayers(祈祷) and religious(宗教的) instruction, American schools are not allowed to include prayers or to teach particular religious beliefs(信仰).Examinations At 16 students in England and Wales take GCSE examinations. These examinations are taken by students of all levels of ability in any of a range of subjects and may involve a final examination, an assessment(评价) of work done during the two year course, or both of these things. At 18 some students taken A-level examinations, usually in not more than 3 subjects. It is necessary to have A-levels in order to go toa university or polytechnic(综合技术大学).In Scotland students take the SCE examinations. A year later, they can take examinations called HIGHS, after which they can either go straight to a university or spend a further year at school and take the Certificate(证书) of Sixth Year Studies. In Scotland the university system is different to that in England and Wales. Courses usually last four years rather than three and students study a larger number of subjects as part of their degree.In the US school examinations are not as important as they are in Britain. Students in High Schools do have exams at the end of their last two years, but these final exams are considered along with the work that the students have done during the school years. Social Events and Ceremonies(仪式) In American high schools there is a formal ceremony for Graduation (=completion of high school). Students wear a special cap and gown and receive a diploma(文凭) from the head of the school. Students often buy a class ring to ear, and a yearbook, containing pictures of their friends and teachers. There are also special social events at American schools.Sports events are popular, and cheer leaders lead the school in supporting the school team and singing the school song. At the end of their junior year, at age 17 or 18, students held in the evening. The girls wear long evening dresses and the boys wear TUXEDOS. In Britain,there are no formal dances or social occasions(场合) associated(和...有关) with school life. Some schools have SPEECH DAY at the end of the school year when prizes are given to the best students and speeches are made by the head teacher and sometimes an invited guest. However, in many British schools students and teachers organize(组织) informal dances for the older students.英美文化背景知识2Government in Britain and the USGovernment in BritainNational governmentThe center of government in Britain is PARLIAMENT(国会), which makes all the important laws for the country about crimes and punishment, taxation(犯罪), etc. Parliament is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the monarch(贵族). The Houses of Parliament are in Westminster in London and sometimes “Westminster” itself is used to mean Parliament.The House of commons (or the Commons) is the lower but more powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elected members, called Members of Parliament or MPs, each representing people in a particular area or constituency. The House of Lords (the Lords) is the higher but less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000 members, none of whom is elected. These members include: people who have titles like Lord orViscount(子爵) which have been passed down to them on the death of their father (hereditary peers(世袭贵族)); people who are given titles as a reward for their long service in public life, but whose children do not INHERIT(继承) their title (life peers); and some important leaders of the Church of England (Archbishops(大主教) and Bishops(主教)).The government brings BILL (=suggested laws) to the House of Commons, which are discussed by MPs. The bills then go to the House of Lords to be discussed. The House of Lords can suggest changes to a bill, but does not have the power to reject it (=refuse permission for it to be passed). When bills come back to the Commons, MPs vote on them and if they are passed they are signed by the monarch and become Acts of ParliamentAt present England, Scotland, Wales, and N Ireland are all governed by Parliament in Westminster. In N Ireland the political parties are different but their MPs still go to the House of Commons. In Scotland there is a lot of discussion about whether Scotland should have some separate or partly separate form of government. The same is true in Wales Local governmentLocal government is Britain, also known as Councils, can make small laws (bylaws) which only apply in their area, but these are usually about small, local matters. For instance, they may be about fines that will be made for people who park in certain streets.Councils are paid for by local taxes and also by an amount of money given to them each year by the national government. Their main job is the organizing and providing of local services, e.g. hospitals, school, libraries, public transport, street-cleaning, etc. They are also responsible for setting the amount of local tax that people must pay and for collecting this tax.Local councils(议会) are elected by people within each town, city, or country area. The people who are elected, known as councilors, usually represent one of the national political parties, but are often elected because of their policies on local issues(问题) rather than the national policies of their party.Government in the USAll levels of government in the US (federal(联邦), state, and local) are elected by the people of the country.Federal governmentThe constitution of the US specifically limits the power of the federal (=national) government mainly to defence(国防), foreign affairs, printing money, controlling trade and relations between the states, and protecting human rights. The federal government is make up of the CONGRESS(国会), the President, and the Supreme Count(最高法院). CongressCongress, the central law-making body in the US, is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representativesis the lower but more important of the two houses of Congress. It has 435 members, called Representatives or Congressmen/Congresswomen elected by their state. The member of Representative(代表) for each state depends on the size of the population of the state, with each state having at least one Representative. The Senate is the higher but less powerful of the two houses of Congress. It has 100 members, called Senators(参议院), elected by their state. Each state has two Senators.Congress decides whether a BILL (suggested law) becomes law. If the Senate and the House of Representative both agree to a bill, the President is asked to agree.The President can veto(=say no to) the bill(议案), but Congress can still make it a law if 2/3 of the members of each house agree to it.State governmentState government has the greatest influence in people’s daily lives. Each state has its own written Constitution(宪法) (set of fixed law), and among the state there are sometimes great differences in law on matters such as property, crime, health, and education. The highest elected official of each state is the Governor. Each state also has one or two elected lawmaking bodies (state Legislature) whose members represent the various parts of the state.Local governmentLocal government concerns laws made at the town, city or countylevel. These laws are usually limited to a small area and concern such thing as traffic, where and when alcoholic drinks can be sold, or keeping animals. The highest elected official of a town or city Council.Every law at every level of government must be in agreement with(一致) the United States constitution. Any citizen who thinks he or she has not been given their rights under the law may argue their case through all the courts up to the Supreme Court (the final Court of Appeal in the US) if necessary, and any law which is found not in agreement with the constitution (unconstitutional) cannot be kept in force.英美文化背景知识3Newspapers in Britain and the USNewspapers in BritainNational and local papersIn Britain there are 11 national daily newspapers and most people read one of them every day. There are two kinds of newspaper. One is large in size and has many detailed articles about national and international events. These newspapers are called the serious papers or the quality papers. The other kind, called the tabloids is smaller in size, have more pictures, often in colour, and shorter articles, often about less important events or about the private lives of well-know people. Although some people disapprove(反对) of the tabloids(小报), more people buy them than buy the serious newspaper. The Sun, for example, which is atabloid, is the biggest-selling newspaper in Britain. People who disapprove of the tabloids very strongly sometimes call them the Gutter Press.There are daily or weekly newspapers in all parts of Britain which cover local news as well as some national and international stories. Local papers give information about films, concerts, and other things that are happening in the local neighborhood, including, for example, information about local people who have been married or died recently. National papers generally give information about film, concerts and other events happening in London, In Scotland, many people read the Glasgow Herald or the Scotsman and there are Scottish Editions of the tabloids.There also many free local newspapers which are delivered to people’s homes whether they ask for them or not. These contain a lot of advertisements(广告) and also some news.PoliticsMost national newspapers in Britain express a political opinion and people choose the newspaper that they read according to their own political beliefs. Most of the newspapers are right-wing. These are the Daily Telegraph(serious newspaper), the Daily express, Daily Mail, Daily Star, the Sun and Today(all tabloids). Of the other serious newspapers, The Times, the oldest newspaper in Britain, did not formerly have one strong political view but it is now more right-wing. The Guardian isslightly left-wing, the Independent is centre and the Financial(金融) with political issues, but reports on business and financial news. The Daily Mirror(tabloid) is left-wing.Daily and Sunday newspapersDaily newspapers are published on every day of the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are larger than daily newspapers, often having 2 or 3 sections. There is also other a magazine, called the colour supplement(增刊). All the Sunday newspapers are national Serious newspapers include the Observer(which is slightly left-wing), the Sunday Times, the Sunday Telegraph and the Independent on Sunday, the Sunday Mirror, the Sunday Express, the News of the World and the Sunday Sport which is considered to lack much serious information.Newspapers in The USNational and local newspapersThere are more than 1500 daily newspapers in the US. Each one is usually sold only in one part of the country, e.g. in a city, but they cover national and international news. In larger cities there is often more than one newspaper and the different ones express different political opinions. Some newspapers are sold in nearly all parts of the US. E.g. USA today and the National edition of the New York Times. Two other newspapers, the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post are know and respected all over the US but cannot be bought everywhere. Other importantnewspapers are: the Boston Globe, sold in New England, the Chicago Tribune, sold in the Midwest, the Christian Science Monitor and USA Today, both sold nationally, and the Washington Post on the East Coast.There are also weekly newspapers in all parts of the US which cover local news, such as what is happening in the local neighborhood(地方). Fewer people read these than read the daily newspapers.Daily and Sunday newspapersDaily newspapers are published on every day of the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are very big, often having several separate parts. They contain many longer articles and a lot of advertisements. Each section deals with a different subject. E.g. national and international news, sport, travel, etc. One section, the classifieds(分类广告) has advertisements for jobs and things for sale. Another section is called the funnies. There is often also a magazine which is in color.Alternative newspapersIn the 1960s a group of newspapers began to appear that were later called in “alternative press”. They expressed extreme(极端的) political opinions, especially left-wing opinion. Many of the newspapers which were part of this movement, such as the Village V oice in New York or the Reader in Chicago, are less extreme today and more widely read.英美文化背景知识4Law in Britain and the USIn both Britain and the US, when a person is accused of a rime it must be shown that they are guilty "beyond reasonable doubt". A person is always innocent(无罪) in the eyes of the law until they have been proved to be guilty by a court they can sometimes ask for permission to APPEAL(上诉) to a higher court in the hope that it will change this decision.Criminal law in England and WalesWhen someone is arrested (ARREST) by the police, a MAGISTRATE (=an official who judges cases in some types of courts) decides whether there is enough EVIDENCE(证据) against the person for the case to go to court. If there is enough evidence and the case is a serious one, the person accused(控告) of the crime (called 'the accused(被告)') is sent to a CROWN COURT for a TRIAL with a JUDGE and JURY (=12 members of the public who have to decide if the accused is guilty(有罪的), then the judge decides the SENTENCE(判决) (2) (=punishment). If there is enough evidence against the accused but the crime is not a serious one (for example a traffic offence) then the case is heard in a MAGISTRATES COURT.If found guilty in the Crown Court the accused may apply to(请求) the COURT OF APPEAL (Criminal Division) where he or she will be heard by a judge. Sometimes a HIGH COURT judge from the Queen's Bench Division assists in dealing with criminal matters in the Court ofAppeal or Crown Court.Criminal law in Northern IrelandIn Northern Ireland, as in England and Wales, someone accused of a crime may be tried in a Magistrates' Court or a Crown Court depending on how serious the crime is. Appeals from the Crown Court are heard in the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal.Criminal law in ScotlandScotland has a separate court system. After a person is arrested by the police, an official called the PROCURATOR FISCAL is in charge of deciding whether there is enough evidence against the accused for a trial. If there is enough evidence and the crime is a very serious one, the accused is sent to the HIGH COURT OF JUSTICIARY where there is a judge and jury(陪审团) (in Scotland there are 15 people on a jury). If there is enough evidence but the crime is a less serious one, the case is heard in a SHERIFF COURT (The sheriff is a trained lawyer who acts as a judge). Appeals from the Sheriff Court go to the High Court of Justiciary.Criminal law in the USThe US has tow separate court systems. In general terms STATE COURTS are used when someone has done something against the laws of CONSTITUTION of a particular State. FEDERAL COURTS deal with cases to do with the laws and Constitution of the United States as whole.Federal courts also hear cases where the US Government is one of the sides involved(介入). Cases for crimes which are not serious are likely to be heard in state courts. Serious crimes may be tried in wither state courts of federal courts depending on the situation, for example cases where a crime has taken place in another state are often heard in federal courts.After a person has been arrested a magistrate(地方官员), or in some cases a GRAND JURY made up of between 16 and 23 citizens, decides whether they should go to trial. If there is enough evidence for a trial the accused goes to court and has to state whether he/she is guilty or not guilty of the crime. If they say they are not guilty they are sent to trial with a judge and jury (of 16 or 20 citizens) in either a State or COUNTY COURT or, in federal cases, a DISTRICT COURT. If the accused is found guilty they may have the fight to appeal to a higher court, as shown below.The final court of appeal in the US federal system and for some cases in the state courts is the US SUPREME COURT. It is made up of a CHIEF JUSTICE and eight ASSOCIATES. The accused does not have the fight to be heard by the Supremes Court, but the Supreme Court decides which cases it will hear.英美文化背景知识5Holiday in Britain and the USPaid HolidayPeople in the US get 2 weeks a year paid vacation (holiday) form their job. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain that tow weeks is not enough holiday, especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans get. In addition, there are 8 days in each country, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on a Monday giving people a long weekend. In Britain, so many people drive to another part of the country, especially the coast, on Bank Holiday weekends that there are serious traffic jams, which may stretch(长达) for many miles.Popular Holiday PlacesWith the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example at the Grand Canyon or Yosemite or Yellowstone or the national parks or forests. Yong people may go walking or camping in the mountains. Many people have capers or small trailer(拖车) in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at Motels on the journey Disneyland and Disneyworld are also popular and people can to skiing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana.It is also very common to use vacations to visit relatives who may live in states a long distance away. Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation form school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts.When Americans want a holiday for sun and rest, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Blackpool, Scarborough and Bournemouth, where there is plenty to do even if it rains. In a traditional British seaside holiday, the children can watch a Punch and Judy Show, eat candy floss and rock (=sweet) and make sandcastles, while older people can hire a deckchair to sit on the beach. People also like to go to go the country, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake District.When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and 'Spanish islands of Majorca and Ibiza are popular as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps. 英美文化背景知识6Medicine in Britain and AmericanMedicine in BritainIn Britain there is a National Health Service (NHS) which is paid for by taxes and National Insurance(保险), and in general people do not have to pay for medical treatment. Every person is registered with a doctor in their local area, know as general practitioner or GP. This means that their name is on the GP's list, and they may make an appointment to see thedoctor or may call the doctor out to visit them if they are ill. People do sometimes have to pay part of the cost of drugs that the doctor prescribes(开处方). GPs are trained in general medicine but are not specialists in any particular subject. If a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, they must first go to their GP and then the GP will make an appointment(预约) for the patient to see a specialist at a hospital or clinic.Although everyone in Britain can have free treatment under the National Health Service. It is also possible to have treatment done privately, for which one has to pay, Some people have private health insurance to help them pay for private treatment. Under the NHS, people who need to go to hospital may have to wait for a long time on a waiting list for their treatment. If they pay for the treatment, they will probably get it quickly.Anyone who is very ill can call an ambulance(救护车) and get taken to hospital for free urgent medical treatment. Ambulances are a free service in Britain.Medicine in the USUnlike Britain, the US does not have a national health care service. The government does help pay for some medical care for people who are on low incomes and for old, but most people buy insurance to help pay for medical care. Some people cannot afford insurance but not poor enough to get government help. The cost of medical insurance and theproblems of those who can not afford it are an important political subject.When people are ill, they usually go first to a general practitioner or internist. Unlike in Britain, however, people sometimes go straight to a specialist, without seeing their general practitioner first. Children are usually taken to a pediatrician (a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of children). As in Britain, if a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, their general doctor will usually give them the name of one.Doctors don not go to people's homes when they are ill. People always make appointments to see the doctor in the doctor's office. In emergencies(急诊), people call for an ambulance. Hospital must treat all emergency patients, even if the patient does not have medical insurance. The government would then help pay for some of the cost of the medical care.英美文化背景知识7Social Class in BritainBritish society is considered to be divided into three main groups of classes - the Upper Class, the Middle Class, and the Lower or Working Class. This is known as the Class system and it is important to know something about it if you want to understand British people and society. Most British people grow up with a deep knowledge and understanding of the class system even if they are not very conscious(意识到) of it. Most people know which class they belong to by the way they speak,their clothes, their interests or even the type of food they eat.Social class is not only about behavior and attitudes, For example, although many upper class people are rich and may own a lot of land, having a lot of money does not make a person upper class. It is also important to come from a particular kind of family, have friends who are considered suitable, have been to a certain type of private school and speak with the right kind of accent. There are people who are poor but who do not think of themselves as working class because their family background, education, political opinions, etc. are different to those of most working-class people. Many people do not like the class system but it is impossible to pretend that these differences do not exist or that British people do not sometimes form opinions in this way.英美文化背景知识8TipsHotel workers depend on tips to augment their usually small salaries. Rather than being annoyed at having to tip the doorman who greets you, consider it part of the cost of travel and be prepared with the dollar bills you will need to hand out before you even get to your room.DoormenDepending on the amount of luggage, tip $ 1 to $ 2 to the doorman who takes your bags and turns them over to a bellman. If you are visiting and have no luggage, you naturally do not tip him for simply opening thedoor for you. Tip him again when you leave with your luggage as he takes it from the bellman and assists you in loading it in your car or into your taxi. When the doorman obtains a taxi for you, tip him $1 to $3 (the higher amount if he must stand in the rain for a period of time to get it). BellmanTip $1 a bag but not less than $2 to the bellman who carries or delivers your luggage to your room. When the bellman does something special for you, such as make a purchase or bring something you have requested to your room, but not room service deliveries, he or she should be tipped $ 2 to $ 3 for every service, at the time it is provided.MaidFor stays of one night or more, the maid should be tipped $2 per night per person in a large hotel; $ 1 per night per person in a less expensive hotel. Give the maid her tip in person, if she can be found. If not, put it in a sealed envelope marked "chambermaid".ValetValet services are added to your bill, so there is no need to tip for pressing or cleaning when items are left in your room. If you are in when your cleaning and pressing is delivered, however, tip $ 1 for the delivery for one or two items, more when several items are being delivered.Dining Room StaffTips for dining room staff are exactly the same as they are in any other restaurant -15 to 18 percent except in the most elegant dining rooms where tips are 18 to 20 percent. If you are staying in an American -plan hotel where your meals are included in your total bill, tips are as usual, and an additional tip should be given to the maitre d' who has taken care of you during your stay. This tip ranges anywhere from $ 10 to $ 15 for a weekend for a family or group of four people to $ 20 to $ 30 for a longer stay or larger group.英美国家的“厕所”文化一个外宾想上厕所，便对翻译说：“I wonder if I can go somewhere?”(我可以方便一下吗?)而翻译却把somewhere误解为“某处”，因而回答道“Yes, you can go anywhere in China.”(行，中国你哪儿都可以去。
百科知识英美文化
英美文化指的是英国和美国的文化，是西方文化中最具代表性和影响力的两个文化体系。
以下是一些百科知识关于英美文化的介绍：
语言：英语是英美文化最重要的标志之一，也是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。
英国和美国的英语存在一些差异，比如发音、用词和拼写等方面，但两国之间的英语交流非常广泛。
文学：英美文化是全球文学的重要组成部分，代表作品包括莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说、哈姆雷特、傲慢与偏见、老人与海等。
此外，英美文化也涌现了许多重要的诗人、散文家和剧作家，对世界文学的发展产生了巨大的影响。
音乐：英美文化中的音乐非常丰富多样，包括摇滚、流行、爵士、蓝调等多种类型。
代表性音乐人包括披头士、滚石乐队、麦当娜、迈克尔·杰克逊等。
电影：英美文化对电影的发展和影响也非常深远。
好莱坞是全球最著名的电影产业中心之一，出品的电影涵盖了各种类型和风格，例如《泰坦尼克号》、《阿凡达》、《星球大战》等。
饮食：英美文化的饮食也具有独特的特点。
英国著名的传统饮食包括鱼和薯条、炸鱼、牛肉派等；美国则以汉堡包、热狗、牛排、炸鸡等为代表的快餐食品闻名。
此外，英美文化中也存在着丰富多样的甜点和饮品，例如英国的下午茶和美国的星巴克咖啡等。
以上是一些百科知识关于英美文化的介绍，展现了英美文化的丰富多彩和深厚历史，也揭示了英美文化对于全球文化、艺术和娱乐的重要影响和贡献。
英美文化讲义
英美文化讲义文化是一个民族精神的集合体，是一种生活方式和文明积淀的体现。
英美文化作为世界上最有影响力的文化之一，一直受到世界范围内的关注和推崇。
本文从不同角度对英美文化的方方面面进行介绍。
一、历史文化英美文化源远流长，有着悠久的历史和文化积淀。
从英国的莎士比亚、狄更斯到美国的爱迪生、林肯，英美文化的历史人物和文学艺术家层出不穷，他们的作品在世界文化史上占据了重要地位。
英美文化还有其它独具特色的文化遗产，如英国的乡间庄园文化、美国的“牛仔文化”等，这些文化不仅是英美文化独有的，也是世界文化宝库的重要组成部分。
二、价值观念英美文化的价值观念深刻影响了现代世界。
其中最重要的是民主、自由和平等。
英国和美国都是历史悠久的民主国家，这种价值观贯穿于每个人的心中，民主体制为政治、经济和社会发展提供了良好的制度保障。
自由是英美文化的核心，自由思想体现了人类自我意识和自我解放的过程，这种解放为人类社会的文明进步奠定了基础。
平等是英美法治文化的体现，它是一个人能够自由发挥才华和创造的基础，一直为人类的发展提供了有力支持。
三、礼仪文化英美文化的礼仪文化和人文气息也一直吸引世界的目光。
英国和美国虽然分别位于亚欧大陆和美洲大陆，但是文化上的交流和互动一直非常广泛和深入，成为有着相同礼仪文化的代表国家之一。
“英吉利”国家是非常重视礼仪和规矩的国家，他们有着传统的礼节，包括“下午茶”、“手指放平”等，有时候做事情也比较繁琐和讲究。
美国则是以开放、自由和活泼为主流文化，他们重视个性，喜欢追求新鲜和独立自主的生活方式。
不论哪种文化，他们的礼仪文化都是值得学习和借鉴的，让我们对人文文化的魅力和历久不衰的吸引都有所了解。
四、人际交往英美文化的人际交往方式更是令人叹服。
他们重视与人沟通和交流，注重人们之间的互动和情感沟通。
英美人容易接纳外来文化，热爱旅游和习惯在交流中分享他们的成功和困境。
他们的社交活动丰富多彩，各有特色，包括庆祝和聚会等多种方式，通过这些社交活动，彼此之间建立了紧密的联系，也展现了英美文化的独特特点和魅力。
《英美文化概况》课件
有重要地位。其文学作品涵盖了各个时期和流派，反映了英国社会的变
迁。
02
美国文学
美国文学从殖民地时期的清教徒文学到独立战争时期的民族主义文学，
再到现代文学，形成了独特的风格和主题。美国文学强调个人主义、自
由和独立。
03
对比
英国文学和美国文学在风ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ、主题和表达方式上存在差异。英国文学更
注重社会批判和人性的探索，而美国文学则强调个人自由和自我实现。
英国风俗
下午茶
英国传统的下午茶文化，包括精 致的茶具、三明治和蛋糕等。
赛马
英国赛马文化盛行，每年举办多场 赛马比赛。
板球
英国流行的运动项目之一，尤其在 英格兰和威尔士地区广受欢迎。
02
CATALOGUE
美国文化
美国历史
早期文明
包括美洲原住民文化、 西班牙探险者和法国殖
民地的建立。
独立战争
美国独立宣言的签署和 美国独立战争的胜利。
艺术则更加前卫和创新。
风俗对比
英国风俗
英国拥有丰富的传统节日和风俗习惯，如圣诞节、复活节和英式 茶文化等。这些风俗反映了英国的历史和文化传统。
美国风俗
美国风俗也具有独特的特点，如感恩节、万圣节和美式快餐文化等 。这些风俗体现了美国人的生活方式和价值观。
对比
英国和美国的风俗习惯在某些方面相似，但在其他方面存在显著差 异。这些差异反映了两个国家的历史、文化和传统。
狄更斯
维多利亚时代的小说家， 代表作品有《雾都孤儿》 、《双城记》等。
英国艺术
油画
英国艺术家如约翰·康斯太 勃尔、约瑟夫·特纳等在油 画领域取得了卓越成就。
雕塑
亨利·摩尔等雕塑家为英国 雕塑艺术带来了国际声誉 。
百科知识英美文化
百科知识英美文化英美文化是指英国和美国这两个英语为母语的国家所拥有的独特文化特点和价值观念。
这两个国家的文化是由历史、地理、政治、宗教、经济等多种因素所塑造的，具有丰富多样性和深厚底蕴。
本文将从几个方面介绍英美文化的百科知识，并探讨其在世界范围内的影响力。
第一部分：历史文化英美文化的形成有着悠久的历史背景。
英国是西方现代文明的摇篮，具有众多的文化遗产和历史传统。
文艺复兴时期的英国文化产生了众多杰出的文学作品，如莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的史诗。
随后，英国的工业革命为现代化的发展奠定了基础，也为英美文化的传播提供了外在条件。
美国作为一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，形成了自己独特的文化特点。
独立战争后，美国迅速崛起为世界强国，其宪法和独立宣言为后来的民主国家树立了榜样。
美国的文化产业在世界范围内具有强大的影响力，好莱坞电影、流行音乐、时尚等都成为许多人向往的梦想。
第二部分：宗教和价值观宗教在英美文化中扮演着重要角色。
英国是基督教的发源地，天主教和新教在这里有着广泛的传承。
英国君主制度的建立与英国国教的关系密切，而美国则以宗教自由为基石，成为了宗教多元化的典范。
宗教信仰对于英美人民的价值观念、道德观念和社会伦理有着深远的影响。
价值观方面，英美文化强调个人自由、民主理念和人权意识。
言论自由、宪法权利以及平等机会等是英美文化中重要的组成部分。
敬重与关心他人、尊重异议、鼓励创新等也是英美文化的核心价值观。
这些价值观通过影视作品、文学作品等形式传播，受到全球范围内的认同和追捧。
第三部分：文化产业英美文化产业以其优秀的内容和先进的生产技术而闻名于世。
英国的BBC、英国博物馆以及众多的文学作品是英国文化的重要代表，而美国的好莱坞电影工业、音乐产业和科技创新更是世界范围内的引领者。
英美文化产业的成功得益于其对创意和艺术的重视，也受益于英语的全球传播。
第四部分：英美文化的全球影响由于英美文化在全球范围内的传播与影响，英语成为了全球最重要的通用语言之一。
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百科知识英美文化
英美文化是指包括英国和美国在内的、英语为母语的文化。
由于
历史、文化、社会等因素的差异，英美文化存在一定的差异。
这种文
化深深地影响着全世界，尤其是经济、教育、科技、艺术等领域。
在英美文化中，英语是最重要的通用语言。
英国和美国的英语发音、语法和词汇都有所不同，但是两种英语都影响了全球的英语使用。
英美文化中也有很多共同的传统和价值观念，例如纪念日、宗教信仰、家庭价值观等等。
在娱乐方面，英美文化对音乐、电影、电视、文学等领域都有很
大的贡献。
英国的音乐界有许多知名人士，包括披头士乐队、皇后乐队、滚石乐队等等。
美国的电影行业也是全球最为发达的，许多好莱
坞电影都曾获得奥斯卡金像奖。
英美文学也享誉全球，莎士比亚、狄
更斯、乔治·奥威尔、海明威等都是伟大的作家。
英美文化有着悠久的历史和独特的传统，例如英国的下午茶、美
国的硬汉精神等等。
虽然两个国家的历史和文化不同，但是它们对世
界产生了很大的影响。
对于了解英美文化，更好地了解这两个国家以
及全球文化交流，都有着积极的意义。