高考英语语法复习学案-冠词

高考英语二轮语法复习学案（冠词）

（一）考纲要求

考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an.的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

（三）基本用法

当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

1、定冠词的基本用法：

① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④用于表示方位的名词之前。IXi： the east, the right.

⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.

⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。：the sick, the wounded.

⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the Unite d States, the United Nation.

⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

（11）发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

⑫年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

（13）固定词组中。如：in the. morning（afternoon, evening）, on the other hand , at the same time2、不定冠词的基本用法：

①泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

②指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

③指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一"。如：We have meals three times

a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

⑤表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.

⑥使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother, （a hand 译"帮手”）

⑧固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact, in a hurry, in a word3、不用冠词的情况：

①表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.

②名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein' s theory proved to be correct.

③季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.

④呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

⑤三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

⑥节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

⑦球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

⑧在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm （手挽手）；hand in hand （手牵手）；side by side （肩对肩）；day and day （日日夜夜）；young and old （老老少少）；from door to door （挨门挨户）；from beginning to end （从头到尾）;from morning till night （从早到晚）等。练习（一）、冠词In America,car is popular means of transportation （交通设施）.

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book some time ago.

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European and his wife is American.

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month. A. a B. an C. the D.

A.heavy a cold

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C. a heavy cold liquid. A. The, a B. A, a

10. In winter

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D. heavy cold

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D. /,a fire.

D. the, a