高考英语语法复习学案-冠词

高考英语二轮语法复习学案（冠词）（一）考纲要求考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an.的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

（三）基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。

冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

1、定冠词的基本用法：① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。

如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。

如：Close the window, please.③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。

如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④用于表示方位的名词之前。

IXi： the east, the right.⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。

如：the first, the tallest.⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。

：the sick, the wounded.⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。

如：the Unite d States, the United Nation.⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。

如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。

如：The Smiths用于乐器的名词前。

如：play the piano; play the violin.（11）发明物。

如：The compass was invented in China.⑫年代名词前。

如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.（13）固定词组中。

如：in the. morning（afternoon, evening）, on the other hand , at the same time2、不定冠词的基本用法：①泛指一个。

如：There is a book on the table.②指人或事物的某一种类。

如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.③指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。

如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一"。

如：We have meals three timesa day.（我们一天吃三餐。

）表示同样的。

如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。

）⑤表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。

如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.⑥使抽象名词具体化。

如：The little girl is a help to her mother, （a hand 译"帮手”）⑧固定搭配。

如：as a matter of fact, in a hurry, in a word3、不用冠词的情况：①表示总称的复数名词之前。

如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。

）不含普通名词的专有名词前。

如：We are studying English.②名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。

如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein' s theory proved to be correct.③季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。

如：She likes spring most.④呼语前不用冠词。

如：What shall I do next, Mother?⑤三餐饭前不用冠词。

如：What did you have for lunch?⑥节假日前不用冠词。

如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.⑦球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。

如：She is fond of playing basketball.⑧在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。

如：arm in arm （手挽手）；hand in hand （手牵手）；side by side （肩对肩）；day and day （日日夜夜）；young and old （老老少少）；from door to door （挨门挨户）；from beginning to end （从头到尾）;from morning till night （从早到晚）等。

练习（一）、冠词In America,car is popular means of transportation （交通设施）.1. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a.——What happened? ——They left in such hurry that they forgot to lock door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a. There were two small rooms in the house,smalle r of which served as kitchen.A. a, the 4.1 ordered —A. a, The 5. Mr Smith isA. an, anA. a, aB. the, abook some time ago.B. the, AC. the, the bookhas arrived.C. a, AEuropean and his wife is American.D. a, aD. /, TheB. a, aB. a, theC. a, anC. the, the7.My sister works in a factory. She goes home once every8.He was absent because he had caught.D. an, aD. t he, amonth. A. a B. an C. the D.A.heavy a cold9.water isB.the heavy coldC. a heavy cold liquid. A. The, a B. A, a10. In winterA. /,/ people often hang up wet clothes nearB. a, aC. /, aD. heavy coldC. /,/D. /,a fire.D. the, a11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. otherHe was a top student in the class, he often got in English.A. first ・B. a firstC. secondD. the second.horse is useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a13 . Tom left Shanghai in.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 1995The soldier died during World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a 16. In Marx began to learn Russian.A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870sAlice is of .the two girls.A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. thetaller ——Can your sister play?——No, but she can play.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the pianoThe introduction is always in of a book.A. frontB. the frontC. a frontD. insteadShe touched her daughter gently shoulder.A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on theBoth wounded and sick were sent to safety.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /doctors and nurses should care for their patients.A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, theTell us the story as Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /17. Do you know how long has lived on the earth?A. manB. the manC. a manD. menT he man was once thrown into prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. theD./Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That28.1 like history. I am studying history of China.A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, aHe wrote a letter pencil. A. with B. inC. in a D. use a29. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated with new achievements and victories.A. National DayB. the National DayC. our National DayD. a National Day 练习（二）、冠.词1. ---You mean you know the man?---1 know man exactly like him.A. otherB. theC. /D. aWouldn*t it be wonderful world if all nations live in peace with one another?A. a, /B. the, /C. a, theD. the, the---1 hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.---Yes,news came as shock to us.A. a, aB. the, aC. /, /D. /, aAt midnight they reached small village east of Everwhite Mountain.A. a,/, theB. a,/, /C. the, the, theD. the, an, anNanjing lies on Changjiang River and haspopulation of more than fourmillion.A. the, theB. the, /C. the, aD. /, aBill Clinton took office on January 20th, 1993 and left office on January20th,.A. /, /B. his, hisC. the, theD. an, hisWe learn to go all out to work for good of society.A. the, /B. /, /C. /, aD. the, theParis is most beautiful city, where you can see famous Eiffel Tower.A. a, theB. a, /C. the, aD. the, the---What about bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him bike as birthdaypresent?15.children here live most happy life,the15.children here live most happy life, the A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /,A. the, the, theB. a, the, aC. the, a, theD. the, the, aHe had decided to give it up, but on secondthoughts he decided to try third time.A. the, aB. /, /C. a, aD. /, aTowards morning,heavy rain began to fall.A. the, aB. a, aC. the, /D. the, /---Excuse me, where are books for biology?一Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want new or used book?A. a, aB. a, theC. the, aD. the, theYoung as he is, David has gained rich experience in society.A. /, /B. the, theC. a, /D7, the一My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?---1 saw boy hidden behind tree over the re. You may go and have a look.A. a, aB. the, theC. a, theD. the, aMary climbed to the top of the mountain in hurry, looked downand found insurprise t hat whole town took on a new look.A.a, the,theB. a,/,theC. /,/,theD./,/,aIn oldsocietymany young womendied by so curiousand cruelcustom.A.an, aB./, theC. the, aD.the,/---You* re sure to help me find bed for my new house?---Sure, but not now. Tm heading for bed and a good sleep.A. a, aB. the, aC. a, /D. the, /The wheel is thought to be first invention of transportation.A. the, theB. a, aC. a, /D. the, /Some people say that British are funny people.A. the, aB. /, theC. /, /D. the, /Don't worry about mistakes. They' re natural part of learning.A. aB. the, /C. /, theD. the, the-Selma looks especially pretty tonight.---Yes, she always looksher best in of thatkind.A. the dressB. a dressC. dressD. the dresses---did you think of the exhibition?---Oh, it wassuccess.A. How, really aB. What, greatC. How, /D. What, quite aThe child had only slight temperature,but the doctor regarded illness as seriousenough for hospital treatment.A. /,/,theB. a,/,/C. a, the,/D. /,the, the---Did you have wonderful time yesterday?---Yes. I was ontop ofworld.A. /, the, aB. a, /, theC. a, a, theD. a, the, the1 don* t usually have breakfast, but I always eatgood lunch.A. /, /B. /, aC. the, /D. /, the---1 hear there'll be talk on English study tomorrow morning.---Do you mean speech our teacher asked us to listen to?A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, aMr. Stock runs small business, who is in Mexico on business.A. a, aB. /, /C. a, theD. a, /Although motor car has been with us for almost a century, I havenever been able todrive American one.A. a, theB. a, /C. the, anD. the, theXi*an was starting point of world-famous Silk Road.A. /, /B. a, aC. the, /D. the, the---What does H on one hand...on other*1 means?-What great fun! You're asking me such a s imple question.A. the, the, /B. the, the, aC. /, the, aD. /, the, /Alexander Gramha Bell invented telephone in1876. (MET 1991)A./;B. aC. theD. oneAfter watching TV, she played violin for an hour.A./;/B. the; theC. the; /D./;the ( MET1991 11)- .—Where's jack ?-I think he's still in bed, but hemight just be inbathroom.A./;/B.the; theC.the; /D./; the( MET 1992 36)Many people are stillin habit of writingsilly thingsin public places.A. the; theB./;/C.the; /D./; the(MET 1993 19)35.She is newcomer to chemistry but she hasalready made some important discoveries.A. the; theB.the;/C.a;/D. a; the(NMET1994 20).Wouldn't it be wonderful world if all nationslived in peace with one another?A. a;/B. the; /C. a; theD. the; the (NMET1994 23).Many people agree that knowledge of Englishis a must in _international trade today.A. a;/B. the; anC. the; theD./;the (NMET 1996 13). Paper money was in use in China whenMarco Polo visited the country in th jrteenthcentury.A. the ;/B. the; theC./; theD./; / (NMET 1999 8)lt is not true in that people in fifties are going touniversity for further education .A.90s; theirB. the 90s; /C.90s; /.D. the 90s; their (1999.上海6).Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind unless they killthem for food.A. the; aB./; aC. the. ; theD./; the (NMET 10).---Have you seen pen ? I left it here this morning.---Is it black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)A. a; theB. the; the C. the ; aD. a; a1.5Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny.A./; aB. the; /C./; /D. the ; the (,春招8)1 don*t like tai king on telephone; I prefer writingletters.(春招26)A. a; theB. the ;不填C. the; theD. was killing.Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet isquite exciting experience.(NMET ,26)A./;theB./;anC. an; anD. the; the. ---1 don*t like New York at all.---But this isn f t New York youremember.A. the , theB. /, theC. the, /D. /, a冠词练习一、1〜5DBBAC6〜10BACDC 11〜15ABBDB 16〜20 CDDDB 21 〜25 DBBDA 26〜30 DCBBA练习二、1 〜5 DABAC 6〜10 AAADD 11-15 ACACB 16〜20 CCDAA 21 〜25 BDCBB 26〜30 ADCDD31-35 CDDCC 36〜40 AACDB 4 >45 DDBCB。