开题报告英文模板(2)
开题报告 英文 格式
开题报告英文格式Title: Opening Report: A Comprehensive Guide to Writing an Effective Research ProposalIntroduction:In the realm of academic research, a well-crafted opening report, commonly known as a research proposal, serves as a crucial first step towards undertaking a successful study. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on how to write an effective research proposal in English, ensuring that researchers can present their ideas and methodologies clearly and convincingly.1. Background and Significance:The opening section of a research proposal should establish the background of the study and highlight its significance. It is essential to clearly articulate the problem or research question, explaining why it is worth investigating. By providing a concise literature review, the researcher can demonstrate their understanding of the existing knowledge and identify any gaps that their study aims to fill.2. Objectives and Research Questions:In this section, the researcher should outline the specific objectives they aim to achieve through their study. These objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Furthermore, the research questions should be formulated in a way that allows for a systematic investigation and analysis of the chosen topic.3. Methodology:The methodology section details the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques that will be employed in the study. It is crucial to provide a clear rationale for the chosen methodology and justify its appropriateness in addressing the research questions. Additionally, ethical considerations and potential limitations should be addressed to ensure the validity and reliability of the study.4. Expected Outcomes and Implications:In this section, the researcher should outline the expected outcomes of the study and discuss their potential implications. It is important to demonstrate how the findings will contribute to the existing body of knowledge and how they can be applied in practical contexts. Clear and concise statements regarding the significance and potential impact of the research are essential in this section.5. Timeline and Budget:A research proposal should include a timeline that outlines the various stages of the study, from data collection to analysis and report writing. This timeline should be realistic and consider any potential challenges or delays that may arise. Furthermore, a budget estimation should be provided, detailing the resources required for the successful completion of the study.6. Conclusion:The conclusion of the research proposal should summarize the main points discussed throughout the document. It should reiterate the significance of thestudy and highlight its potential contributions to the field. Additionally, any potential challenges or limitations should be acknowledged, and strategies for mitigating them should be proposed.Conclusion:Writing an effective research proposal requires careful planning, a clear understanding of the research objectives, and the ability to articulate the significance of the study. By following the structure outlined in this guide, researchers can ensure that their opening report is comprehensive, persuasive, and sets the stage for a successful research endeavor. Remember, a well-written research proposal not only enhances the chances of project approval but also lays the foundation for a rigorous and impactful study.。
英文开题报告范文样本
英文开题报告范文样本以下是一个英文开题报告范文样本,供您参考:Title: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: A Review Abstract:In recent years, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. The use of social media has increased significantly, with many people using it for various purposes, such as socializing, networking, and entertainment. However, the rise of social media has also led to increased concerns about its impact on mental health. This review aims to examine the available literature on the impact of social media on mental health, specifically focusing on depression, anxiety, and loneliness. The review found that social media can have both positive and negative impacts on mental health, depending on the individual"s use of the platform. Moreover, social media can be a source of stress and anxiety, as it can increase the level of competition and anxiety about one"s image and appearance. However, social media can also provide a sense of support and connection with others, which can contribute to better mental health. Overall, the review highlights the need for more research in this area and suggests that future studies should focus on understanding the complex relationship betweensocial media and mental health, taking into account various factors such as individual differences, use patterns, and context.Introduction:In recent years, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. The use of social media has increased significantly, with many people using it for various purposes, such as socializing, networking, and entertainment. Social media platforms have become a primary source of communication for many people, and they have also become a key tool for businesses and organizations to connect with their customers and users. While social media has many benefits, it has also led to increased concerns about its impact on mental health. Many people report feeling overwhelmed and lonely when using social media, and social media can also contribute to feelings of competition and anxiety about one"s image and appearance. In this review, we aim to examine the available literature on the impact of social media on mental health, specifically focusing on depression, anxiety, and loneliness.Methods:This review is a systematic review of the available literature on the impact of social media on mental health. Thesearch was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases, and the keywords used were "social media," "mental health," "depression," "anxiety," and "loneliness." The inclusion criteria were studies that (1) were written in English, (2) were published in a peer-reviewed journal, (3) focused on the impact of social media on mental health, and (4) had a sample size of at least 100 people. The exclusion criteria were studies that (1) were not published in a peer-reviewed journal, (2) were review articles, (3) focused on specific populations (e.g., children or elderly), or (4) had a sample size of less than 100 people.Results:A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The studies were conducted in a variety of countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Sweden. The studies ranged in design and methods, with some being prospective cohort studies, others being cross-sectional studies, and still others being systematic reviews ormeta-analyses. The studies consistently demonstrated that social media can have both positive and negative impacts on mental health, depending on the individual"s use of the platform. Specifically, social media was found to be associatedwith higher levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness in some studies, while it was also found to be a source of support and connection in others. The complex relationship between social media and mental health highlights the need for more research in this area and suggests that future studies should focus on understanding the individual differences, use patterns, and context that may underlie this relationship. Discussion:Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its use has increased significantly in recent years. While social media has many benefits, it has also led to increased concerns about its impact on mental health. This review highlights the complex relationship between social media and mental health, and highlights the need for more research in this area. Future studies should focus on understanding the individual differences, use patterns, and context that may underlie this relationship, in order to develop effective strategies for promoting positive uses of social media and reducing its potentially negative impacts on mental health. Conclusion:In conclusion, the impact of social media on mental health is complex and depends on a number of factors. While socialmedia can contribute to higher levels of depression, anxiety, and loneliness in some individuals, it can also be a source of support and connection in others. Future research should focus on understanding these individual differences and the context in which social media is used in order to develop effective strategies for promoting positive uses of social media and reducing its potentially negative impacts on mental health.。
英语作文万能开题报告模板
英语作文万能开题报告模板Title: A General Template for Writing an Opening Report in English。
Introduction。
An opening report is a crucial document that sets the tone for a meeting, presentation, or any other formal gathering. It provides an overview of the topic at hand, outlines the objectives, and prepares the audience for what is to come. Writing an effective opening report requires careful planning and consideration of the audience and purpose of the gathering. In this article, we will providea general template for writing an opening report in English, covering the key components and best practices for crafting a compelling and informative introduction.Opening Statement。
The opening statement is the first impression that setsthe stage for the rest of the report. It should be concise, engaging, and capture the attention of the audience. Begin with a brief introduction of the topic and its relevance to the audience. For example, if the report is about a new product launch, you can start by highlighting the market demand for the product and the potential benefits for the target audience. This sets the context and piques the interest of the listeners.Objectives。
英文开题报告范文
英文开题报告范文AbstractThis document provides a sample template for an English research proposal. The proposal outlines the research topic, objectives, methodology, and anticipated outcomes. It is important to note that this is just a general template and can be modified based on specific research needs.1. IntroductionIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in [research topic]. This research proposal aims to investigate [specific research question or objective] and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in this field. The research will be conducted using a mixed-methods approach involving both qualitative and quantitative methods.2. ObjectivesThe primary objectives of this research proposal are as follows: - To examine the impact of [specific factor] on [research topic] - To identify the key factors influencing [research topic] - To explore potential strategies for improving [research topic]3. Literature ReviewA comprehensive review of the existing literature on [research topic] will be conducted. The literature review will focus on identifying the key theories, concepts, and empirical studies related to this research topic. This will provide a theoretical framework for the current research and help identify gaps in the existing literature that can be addressed through this study.4. Methodology4.1. Research Design A mixed-methods research design will be employed to achieve the objectives of this research proposal. This will involve collecting both qualitative and quantitative data to gain a comprehensive understanding of [research topic]. The qualitative data will be collected through interviews and focus groups, while the quantitative data will be collected through surveys and questionnaires.4.2. Sampling The sample for this research proposal will be selected through a combination of convenience and purposive sampling techniques. [Specify the sample population and size]4.3. Data Collection The data for this research proposal will be collected through various methods, including: - Interviews: Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with [participants] to gain in-depth insights into their experiences and perspectives. - Focus groups: Small group discussions will be conducted to explore different viewpoints and generate more diverse insights. - Surveys: Questionnaires will be distributed to a larger sample to gather quantitative data on [research topic].4.4. Data Analysis The collected data will be analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The qualitative data will be transcribed and coded for themes and patterns, while the quantitative data will be statistically analyzed using relevant software.5. Anticipated OutcomesThe anticipated outcomes of this research proposal are as follows: - Identification of key factors contributing to [research topic] - Development of strategies for improving [research topic] - Validation or refinement of existing theories and concepts related to [research topic]6. ConclusionThis research proposal aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on [research topic]. By employing a mixed-methods approach and conducting a comprehensive literature review, this study seeks to address the gaps in the existing literature and provide valuable insights into [research topic]. The anticipated outcomes of this research will have implications for [relevant fields or industries] and may inform the development of future policies and interventions in this area.。
开题报告英语范文
开题报告英语范文最近发表了一篇名为《开题报告英语范文》的范文,觉得应该跟大家分享,希望大家能有所收获。
篇一:英语开题题目: A Negotiation on the Problems and Solution of Oral姓名:班级:学号:日期:A Negotiation on the Problems and Solution ofOral English in Remote RuralPrimary SchoolsⅠ Purpose and significanceAording to the unders tanding of the NewCurriculum,bining withclassroom practice,we have been exploring the status and the causes of students 'English municative ability in remote rural primary schools,and seeking to thestrategies to improve students' oral English municative petence in suburbanareas;simultaneously through the study of this subject teachers are in a position totransform traditional teaching ideas in order to improve classroom teaching.1,aording to the understanding of the NewCurriculum,bining classroompractice,we have been exploring the status and the causes of students 'Englishmunication ability in remote rural primary schools.2,by the research on improving students' English speaking ability,to improve theefficiency of classroom learning.3,through research,to improve their English literacy teachers,to improveteaching methods to improve teaching ability.4,through research and practice,to allow for better teaching oral Englishclassroom teaching service,improve teaching efficiency.Ⅱ Domestic and foreign research status and prospectsDomestic:In Influencing Factors of Teaching Spoken English,the famous expert LiuJinlan metions,“In traditional teaching of spoken English,the students do not bring thesubjectivity into full play,the teaching effect is not very idea.i” New situation,and thetraditional methods of teaching spoken english must be pletely changed,intendto improve the oral munication skills of students.In order to achieve the goal,wemust recognize the effect of the impact of the oral teaching of the relevant factors,such as the psychological factors,listen,speak,culture and adopt scientific andreasonable strategy of teaching.In cultivation of students’ spoken English ability,the well-known expert FangHuijuan considers,“The purpose of learnig English is proficient in oralmunication.Spoken English,also oral expressing abilityis the key factor ofinfluencing oral munication.ii” Thus,the cultivation of spoken English isuniversally appreciated.However,the iiigeneral standard of Primary schoolstudents’spoken English ability remains worrisome.Foreign:In Second Language Teaching and LearningNunun,David.believes,“Theinterest affects efficiency of improving spoken English.iv” The results indicate thestudents who are interested in speaking English can get twice the results with half theeffort.To those who are not very interested in speaking English,they not only wait forthe teacher to teach them English passively,but also usually are asked to open theirmouths to speak English.Application Prospects:As China continues to develop gradually,education ofthis line is gaining moreand more attention from people and teachers.And spoken English as a kind of skill,especially in aordance with the current trend of economic development,we areincreasingly close with the internationalmunication.Learning some practical oralknowledge,we can deal with the problem ofwork,business,and other aspectsencountered abroad.As modern people,we have no reason to avoid or refuse to learn spokenEnglish,otherwise we should learn it as early as possible,which is very useful forenhancing ourselves petitiveness.With the development of the Ages,spokenlanguage is being a learning trend of the times.Ⅲ References:[1] Nunun,David.Second Language Teaching andLearning[M].Boston,MA:Heinle and Heinle,1999.[2]杨玉林等,《英语学》[M].旅游教育出版社,1994.186.[3]刘金兰.试论影响效果的相关因素[J].教育实践与研究xx,(9)[4] 方惠娟.英语口语能力培养[J].教学与管理:理论版,xx,(8).[5] 学科评价课题组.《中小学外语教学》[J].xx—1—2.[6] 邱东林等,“改革大学英语测试内容,提高学生英语口语水平”,《外语界》[J],xx—1—24.[7] 胡春洞,《英语教学法》高等教育出版社[M],1990.154.ⅣThe main contents,methods and ideas:The main contents:In primary schools’ English teaching,how to improve the efficiency of classroomteaching spoken language,and how to cultivate students' interest in learning spokenEnglish,and how to improve students the language of the quality of theprehensive development are the main concern of English teachers.Around thistheme,it is necessary for the English teachers to take various means to mobilize theenthusiasm of students.Aiming at the primary school English teachers not payingattention to defects,bining with classroom practice,we have been exploring thestatus and the causes of students 'English munication ability in remote ruralprimary schools,and seeking to the strategies to improve students' oral Englishmunicative petence in suburban areas;simultaneously through the study ofthis subject teachers are in a position to transform traditional teaching ideas in order toimprove classroom teaching;Methods:(A) On the basis of inspecting,collecting,collating some relevant information aboutspoken English,of learning about the topics of research and practical experience,toclarify the status of spoken English in teaching,and to promote the role of teachingand improve students' oral English,we must take some effective ways to require reasonable rational knowledge.(B) the questionnaire1,the survey objectives(1) student awareness of spoken English,and the status quo.(2) the student's awareness and satisfaction of the teachers’spoken language in theclassroom.(3) the degree of students interest of spoken English learning.2,surveyall students from grade 3 to grade 63,the questionnaire designResearch ideas:Research ideas in this paper are divided into the following three stages: gatheringinformation to determining the topic;writing the research proposal;and writingpapers.The main idea and the framework are as follows:1 Introduction2 Domestic and foreign research status on spoken English Teaching2.1 Domestic Research on Spoken English Teaching in remote primary ruralschool2.2 Foreign Research on Spoken English Teaching in remote primaryrural schools2.3 Existing language learning theories2.4 New requirements proposed by New Curriculum Standards3 Problems and Solutions of Oral English in Remote Rural Primary Schools3.1Problems of Oral English In Remote Rural Primary Schools3.2 Solutions of Oral English In Remote Rural Primary Schools4 Conclusion篇二:英语论文—毕业论文开题报告范文下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告范文,虽然不是特别好,但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法,有一定的借鉴价值。
开题报告英语
开题报告英语Title: The Impact of Social Media on Psychological Well-being 1. IntroductionSocial media has transformed the way people communicate and interact with each other, providing numerous benefits such as instant connectivity and access to a vast amount of information. However, it has also raised concerns about its negative effects on individuals' psychological well-being. This report aims to explore the impact of social media on psychological well-being and highlight its potential risks and benefits.2. BackgroundThe emergence and rapid growth of social media platforms have led to increased social comparison, cyberbullying, and fear of missing out (FOMO), among other psychological concerns. These issues have become increasingly prevalent, especially among younger populations who heavily rely on social media for social connection.3. Risks of Social Media on Psychological Well-beinga. Social Comparison: Social media encourages individuals to compare themselves with others, often leading to negative self-perception and reduced self-esteem.b. Cyberbullying: Social media platforms provide a breeding ground for cyberbullying, which can have serious detrimental effects on mental health.c. FOMO: The constant exposure to others' exciting experiences and achievements on social media can generate feelings of anxiety and inadequacy, contributing to FOMO.4. Benefits of Social Media on Psychological Well-beinga. Social Support: Social media can provide a sense of belonging and support, particularly for individuals who may feel isolated or have limited access to physical social networks.b. Information and Education: Social media enables users to access information and educational resources, promoting personal growth and mental stimulation.c. Self-expression: Social media offers a platform for users to express themselves creatively and connect with like-minded individuals, enhancing self-esteem and well-being.5. Countermeasures and Coping Strategiesa. Digital Detox: Taking regular breaks from social media can alleviate stress and improve overall well-being.b. Mindful Social Media Use: Practicing mindfulness while using social media can help individuals maintain a healthy perspective and limit negative effects.c. Educating users about online safety and mental health: Empowering individuals with knowledge and resources to navigate social media responsibly and seek help when needed.6. ConclusionWhile social media has both positive and negative impacts on psychological well-being, it is crucial to be aware of the potential risks and benefits it poses. By implementing countermeasures and coping strategies, individuals can optimize their social media usage and maintain a healthy psychological well-being in the digital age. Further research in this field is necessary to better understand thenuances of social media's impact on psychological well-being and develop effective intervention strategies.。
论文开题报告英文版
论文开题报告英文版Title: The Significance of a Research ProposalIntroduction:A research proposal is an essential component of any academic research project. It serves as a blueprint for the study, outlining the research questions, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. This article aims to discuss the importance of a research proposal and its key elements.1. Background and Rationale:The research proposal begins with providing a background and rationale for the chosen topic. This section highlights the significance of the research problem, the gap in existing literature, and the potential contributions of the study. It helps establish the context and justifies the need for the research.2. Research Questions and Objectives:The research questions and objectives form the core of a research proposal. These are the specific queries that the study aims to address and the goals it intends to achieve. The questions should be clear, concise, and aligned with the research problem. The objectives should be measurable and realistic, providinga roadmap for the research process.3. Literature Review:A comprehensive literature review is crucial in a research proposal. It demonstrates the researcher's understanding of the existing body of knowledge related to the topic. By critically analyzing previous studies, the literature reviewhelps identify gaps, controversies, and areas for further investigation. It also establishes the theoretical framework that will guide the research.4. Methodology:The methodology section outlines the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques to be employed. It explains how the research questions will be answered and how the objectives will be achieved. The methodology should be appropriate for the research problem and should address potential limitations and ethical considerations. This section ensures the study's credibility and reliability.5. Expected Outcomes and Significance:In this section, the researcher discusses the anticipated outcomes of the study. These may include new insights, practical applications, or theoretical advancements. The expected outcomes should be realistic and aligned with the research questions and objectives. Additionally, the researcher highlights the significance of the study, emphasizing its potential impact on the academic field or society.6. Timeline and Budget:A research proposal often includes a timeline and budget section. The timeline provides an overview of the research process, indicating the duration of each phase, such as literature review, data collection, and analysis. The budget estimates the financial resources required for the study, including equipment, participant compensation, and research assistance. These sections ensure thefeasibility and practicality of the research.Conclusion:A well-crafted research proposal is essential for any academic research project. It provides a clear direction, justifies the research, and ensures the study's rigor. By addressing the key elements discussed in this article, researchers can develop a comprehensive and persuasive research proposal that increases the chances of project approval and success.。
英文开题报告
英文开题报告Opening ReportTitle: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health among Young Adults1. Introduction:In recent years, the influence of social media on mental health, particularly among young adults, has become a significant concern. The rise of platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat has provided young adults with new avenues to connect, share, and express themselves. However, it has also raised questions and concerns about the potential negative effects of social media usage on mental well-being. This study aims to explore the impact of social media on mental health among young adults and provide insights into the ways in which this impact can be mitigated.2. Research Objectives:The main objectives of this research study are as follows:- To examine the relationship between social media usage and mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, among young adults.- To identify the factors that contribute to these negative effects, including cyberbullying, social comparison, and excessive use of social media.- To explore the positive aspects of social media usage on mental health, such as social support and self-expression.- To propose strategies and recommendations for promoting healthier social media use among young adults.3. Methodology:A mixed-methods approach will be employed for this study. Firstly, a quantitative survey will be conducted among a sample of young adults aged 18-25. The survey will include standardized scales to measure social media usage, mental health issues, and perceived social support. Additionally, demographic variables such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status will also be collected. The survey results will be analyzed using statistical techniques such as regression analysis to examine the relationship between social media usage and mental health outcomes.Following the survey, qualitative interviews will be conductedwith a subset of survey participants. These interviews will provide a more in-depth understanding of the perceptions and experiences surrounding social media use and mental health. The interviews will be analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns related to the research objectives.4. Expected Outcomes:Based on existing literature and preliminary research, it is anticipated that there will be a significant relationship between social media usage and mental health issues among young adults.It is expected that excessive use of social media, social comparison, and cyberbullying will contribute to higher levels of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. However, the positive aspects of social media, such as social support and self-expression, may act as protective factors against these negative effects.5. Significance:This research is significant as it contributes to the growing body ofliterature regarding the impact of social media on mental health. By exploring the relationships between social media use and mental health outcomes, this study aims to provide insights into the potential risks and benefits of social media for young adults. Furthermore, the findings of this research can inform the development of intervention strategies and policies to promote healthier social media use among young adults.6. Conclusion:In conclusion, this study seeks to explore the impact of social media on mental health among young adults. By employing a mixed-methods approach, it aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships between social media usage and mental health outcomes. The findings of this research have the potential to inform and guide future interventions for promoting healthier social media practices among young adults.。
开题报告英文讲稿范文
开题报告英文讲稿范文Sure, here is an example of an opening speech for a presentation:Good morning/afternoon/evening, ladies and gentlemen,。
I am honored to stand before you today to present the opening report for [event or topic]. This presentation aims to provide an overview of [briefly explain the purpose and scope of the report].Firstly, I will discuss the background and context of the subject matter. It is important to understand the historical and current significance of [topic] in order to grasp its implications for the future.Secondly, I will delve into the key objectives and goals of this report. This will include a detailed analysis of the challenges and opportunities that [topic] presents, as well as the potential impact on various stakeholders.Next, I will outline the methodology and approach used to gather and analyze the data. It is crucial to establish the credibility and rigor of the research process in order to ensure the validity of the findings.Following this, I will present the main findings and insights that have emerged from the research. This will include a comprehensive overview of the key trends, patterns, and conclusions that have been drawn from the data.Finally, I will conclude the presentation by highlighting the implications and recommendations that arise from the report. This will provide a roadmap for future actions and decisions related to [topic].In conclusion, this opening report aims to set the stage for a deeper exploration of [topic] and to stimulate meaningful discussions and collaborations. I hope that this presentation will serve as a valuable foundation for the rest of the event.Thank you for your attention, and I look forward to engaging with you further on this important topic.。
英文版开题报告
英文版开题报告英文版开题报告IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to present the outline and key points of my research project. The aim of this project is to investigate the impact of technology on education and its effectiveness in enhancing student learning outcomes. This report will provide an overview of the research topic, research questions, methodology, and expected outcomes.BackgroundIn recent years, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing various industries, including education. The integration of technology in education has the potential to transform traditional teaching methods and provide students with a more interactive and engaging learning experience. However, it is essential to examine the effectiveness of technology in improving student learning outcomes and identify any potential challenges or limitations.Research Questions1. How does the use of technology in the classroom impact student engagement?2. What are the effects of technology on student learning outcomes?3. What are the challenges and limitations of integrating technology in education?MethodologyTo address the research questions, a mixed-methods approach will be employed. Firstly, a quantitative survey will be conducted among a sample of students to gather data on their perceptions of technology use in the classroom and its impact on their engagement and learning outcomes. The survey will include Likert-scale questions and open-ended questions to capture a comprehensive understanding of the students' experiences.Additionally, qualitative interviews will be conducted with teachers and educational experts to gain insights into the challenges and limitations of integrating technology in education. These interviews will provide valuable perspectives from professionals in the field and help identify potential strategies to overcome any barriers.Expected OutcomesBased on the research findings, it is expected that the use of technology in the classroom will have a positive impact on student engagement. Interactive learning platforms, multimedia resources, and online collaboration tools can enhance student motivation and active participation in the learning process. Furthermore, the research aims to determine whether technology has a significant effect on student learning outcomes. It is hypothesized that technology, when used effectively, can improve student achievement and knowledge retention. The findings will provide evidence-based insights into the effectiveness of technology in education.Lastly, the research will identify the challenges and limitations of integrating technology in education. This will help educators and policymakers understand the potential barriers and develop strategies to address them. Some challenges may include limited access to technology, lack of digital literacy among educators, and the need for ongoing professional development.ConclusionIn conclusion, this research project aims to investigate the impact of technology on education and its effectiveness in enhancing student learning outcomes. By conducting surveys and interviews, the research will provide valuable insights into the perceptions of students, teachers, and experts in the field. The findings will contribute to the existing literature on technology in education and inform educational practices for the future.。
开题报告模板英语作文
开题报告模板英语作文IntroductionThe opening report is the most important document for a research project. It outlines the background, significance, objectives, research methods, and expected results of the project. This report template aims to provide guidance for researchers to write an effective and comprehensive opening report in English.BackgroundIn this section, the researcher should describe the current state of their research field. It should cover the latest research findings, technological advancements, and discoveries that have impacted the area of investigation.For example, in the field of artificial intelligence, recent works have focused on deep learning and machine vision. These have revolutionized how machines are trained to perform complex tasks, such as image recognition and natural language processing.Research ObjectivesThe research objectives should specify the goals of the research project. It should clearly state what the researcher aims to achieve through the research. Objectives should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound). This means that they should be clear, quantifiable, attainable, feasible, and have a timeframe.For example, in the field of AI, a SMART objective might be:。
开题报告 英文版
开题报告英文版Title: Opening ReportIntroduction:The opening report serves as a crucial step in any research project. It outlines the purpose, objectives, and methodology of the study, providing a roadmap for the research journey. This article aims to present an English version of the opening report, highlighting key aspects and ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the project.Research Background:The research project focuses on exploring the impact of technology on education. In recent years, advancements in technology have revolutionized various aspects of our lives, including education. The integration of technology in classrooms has the potential to enhance teaching and learning methods, improve student engagement, and prepare them for the digital era.Research Objectives:The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of incorporating technology in educational settings. Specifically, the research aims to:1. Assess the impact of technology on student learning outcomes.2. Analyze the role of technology in promoting student engagement and motivation.3. Identify potential challenges and barriers in implementing technology ineducation.4. Explore best practices and strategies for successful integration of technologyin classrooms.Research Methodology:To achieve the research objectives, a mixed-methods approach will be employed. This approach combines qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the research topic. The following methods will be utilized:1. Surveys: A structured questionnaire will be distributed to teachers and students to gather quantitative data on their perceptions and experiences regarding technology integration.2. Interviews: In-depth interviews will be conducted with educators, administrators, and technology experts to gain insights into the challenges and best practices of incorporating technology in education.3. Classroom Observations: Observations will be made in selected classrooms to assess the impact of technology on student engagement and learning outcomes.4. Literature Review: A comprehensive review of existing literature will be conducted to gather relevant information and theoretical frameworks related to technology integration in education.Expected Outcomes:Based on the research objectives and methodology, the following outcomes are expected:1. Insights into the impact of technology on student learning outcomes, including academic achievement and skill development.2. Identification of strategies and best practices for effectively integrating technology in classrooms.3. Understanding of potential challenges and barriers in implementing technology in education and recommendations for overcoming them.4. Recommendations for policymakers, educators, and institutions on incorporating technology in education to enhance teaching and learning experiences.Conclusion:The opening report provides an overview of the research project on the impact of technology on education. By employing a mixed-methods approach, the study aims to explore the effectiveness of technology integration, identify challenges, and propose best practices. The expected outcomes will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on technology in education and provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers alike. As the research progresses, further analysis and findings will be shared in subsequent reports.。
开题报告 英文
开题报告英文Title: The Importance of a Well-Structured Research ProposalIntroduction:A research proposal, also known as an opening report, is an essential document that outlines the objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes of a research project. It serves as a roadmap, guiding researchers towards their desired goals. This article aims to highlight the significance of a well-structured research proposal and its role in successful academic endeavors.1. The Purpose of a Research Proposal:A research proposal serves several purposes. Firstly, it helps researchers clarify their research objectives and develop a clear research question. This enables them to focus their efforts and avoid unnecessary diversions. Secondly, it provides a rationale for the research, explaining why it is important and how it contributes to existing knowledge. Lastly, it outlines the methodology and expected outcomes, allowing researchers to plan their research activities effectively.2. Components of a Research Proposal:A well-structured research proposal typically consists of the following components:2.1. Title and Abstract:The title should be concise yet descriptive, capturing the essence of the research. The abstract provides a brief overview of the research question, methodology,and expected outcomes.2.2. Introduction:The introduction sets the context for the research by identifying the research problem and explaining its significance. It also provides a literature review, highlighting existing research and identifying gaps that the proposed study aims to address.2.3. Research Objectives and Questions:This section clearly states the research objectives and formulates specific research questions that the study seeks to answer. These objectives and questions should be aligned with the research problem identified in the introduction.2.4. Methodology:The methodology describes the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques that will be employed. It should be detailed enough for other researchers to replicate the study.2.5. Expected Outcomes and Significance:This section outlines the expected outcomes of the research and discusses their potential significance in advancing knowledge or addressing practical issues. It also highlights any potential limitations or challenges that may arise during the research process.3. Benefits of a Well-Structured Research Proposal:A well-structured research proposal offers numerous benefits to researchers andtheir projects:3.1. Clarity and Focus:By clearly defining research objectives, questions, and methodology, a research proposal helps researchers maintain clarity and focus throughout their project. It ensures that they stay on track and avoid unnecessary deviations.3.2. Time and Resource Management:A well-structured research proposal helps researchers plan their time and allocate resources effectively. It allows them to identify potential challenges, anticipate necessary resources, and develop contingency plans.3.3. Ethical Considerations:An important aspect of a research proposal is addressing ethical considerations, such as obtaining informed consent, ensuring participant confidentiality, and minimizing potential harm. A well-structured proposal ensures that these ethical considerations are adequately addressed.3.4. Peer Review and Funding Opportunities:A research proposal serves as a basis for peer review and evaluation by experts in the field. It also enhances the chances of securing funding for the research project. A well-structured proposal increases the likelihood of receiving positive reviews and funding support.Conclusion:In conclusion, a well-structured research proposal plays a vital role in the success of academic research. It provides a roadmap for researchers, ensuringclarity, focus, and effective resource management. By clearly outlining research objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes, it enhances the chances of receiving peer recognition and funding support. Therefore, investing time and effort in developing a well-structured research proposal is crucial for any researcher embarking on a new project.。
英文开题报告模板
英文开题报告模板英文开题报告模板IntroductionIn today's academic world, writing a research proposal or an opening report is an essential step towards initiating a research project. The purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive template for an English opening report, guiding researchers on how to structure and present their ideas effectively.1. BackgroundThe background section sets the stage for the research project. It provides an overview of the topic, highlights the existing knowledge gaps, and explains the significance of the proposed study. This section should convince the reader of the relevance and importance of the research.2. Research QuestionsIn this section, clearly state the research questions that the study aims to address. These questions should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). They should align with the research objectives and help guide the study's methodology and analysis.3. ObjectivesThe objectives section outlines the specific goals that the research aims to achieve. These objectives should be closely related to the research questionsand should clearly state what the researcher intends to accomplish. Each objective should be concise, realistic, and time-bound.4. Literature ReviewThe literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing research and theories related to the topic. It demonstrates the researcher's understanding of the current knowledge and identifies the research gaps that the proposed study intends to fill. Ensure to cite relevant sources and critically analyze the existing literature.5. MethodologyIn this section, describe the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques that will be used in the study. Clearly explain why these methods are appropriate and how they will help answer the research questions. Include details on the sample size, data sources, and any ethical considerations.6. Expected ResultsPresent the expected results or outcomes of the study. These can be in the form of hypotheses, anticipated findings, or potential contributions to the field. Clearly state how the results will address the research questions and fill the identified knowledge gaps.7. TimelineProvide a detailed timeline that outlines the key milestones and activities of the research project. This will help demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed study and ensure that the research is completed within the allocated time frame. Include specific dates for data collection, analysis, and report writing.8. BudgetInclude a budget section that outlines the estimated costs associated with the research project. This may include expenses such as data collection, travel, equipment, and participant incentives. Justify each expense and ensure that the budget is realistic and aligned with the research objectives.ConclusionIn conclusion, this template provides a comprehensive guide for writing an English opening report. By following this structure, researchers can effectively communicate their research ideas, objectives, and methodology. Remember to adapt the template to suit the specific requirements of your research project. Good luck with your research endeavor!。
开题报告 英文模板
开题报告英文模板Title: Opening Report - English TemplateIntroduction:The opening report serves as a crucial step in any research project. It provides a comprehensive overview of the proposed study, highlighting its objectives, significance, methodology, and expected outcomes. This article aims to present a standardized English template for an opening report, ensuring clarity and coherence throughout the document.1. Background:The background section sets the context for the research project. It explains the rationale behind choosing the topic and highlights any existing gaps or limitations in the current literature. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of relevant theories or concepts that will be explored in the study.2. Objectives:This section outlines the specific goals and objectives of the research project. It clearly defines what the study aims to achieve and how it will contribute to existing knowledge in the field. The objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).3. Research Questions:The research questions section presents the key inquiries that the study seeks to answer. These questions should align with the objectives and guide the research process. It is essential to formulate research questions that are clear, concise,and capable of generating meaningful insights.4. Methodology:The methodology section describes the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques that will be employed. It explains why the chosen methods are appropriate for addressing the research questions and achieving the objectives. This section should also address any ethical considerations and potential limitations of the chosen methodology.5. Significance:In this section, the significance of the research project is discussed. It highlights the potential contributions the study will make to the academic field, practical applications, or societal impact. The significance can be related to filling gaps in knowledge, advancing theoretical frameworks, or providing practical solutions to real-world problems.6. Expected Outcomes:The expected outcomes section outlines the anticipated results of the study. It may include both qualitative and quantitative findings, as well as potential implications of these findings. This section should align with the research questions and objectives, providing a clear picture of the expected contributions of the research.7. Timeline:The timeline section provides a schedule for the research project, outlining the key milestones and activities. It helps to ensure that the research is conductedwithin a reasonable timeframe and allows for effective project management. The timeline should be realistic and consider any potential challenges or delays that may arise.8. Resources:This section identifies the resources required to conduct the research project successfully. It includes both human resources, such as researchers and participants, and material resources, such as equipment, software, or funding. This section should demonstrate that the necessary resources are available or can be obtained to support the research.Conclusion:The opening report is a crucial document that sets the foundation for a research project. By following a standardized English template, researchers can ensure that all essential aspects of the study are adequately addressed. This article provided a comprehensive guide, covering various sections including background, objectives, research questions, methodology, significance, expected outcomes, timeline, and resources. By utilizing this template, researchers can effectively communicate their research plans and set the stage for a successful study.。
开题报告英文版
开题报告英文版下面是小编为您准备的开题报告英文版,供大家参考和借鉴噢!希望能对您有所帮助。
后续精彩不断,敬请关注!开题报告英文版一:Outline 2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc. 2.2 Methodolgy I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm. 2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study. 2.4 Case study In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random. 2.5 Conclusion Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also. (Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)开题报告英文版二:Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 Introduction The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its applicationin translation practice and translation analysis. Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community. The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice.I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm. The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of RedMansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches. In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.。
英文开题报告范文
英文开题报告范文I. IntroductionThe purpose of this project is to investigate the phenomenon of social media addiction and its impact on individuals and society. Social media has become a ubiquitous part of modern life, with over 3.8 billion users worldwide, representing approximately 50% of the global population. However, the rise of social media has also been accompanied by concerns about the addictive potential of these platforms.II. Literature ReviewA review of the literature suggests that social media addiction is a complex condition that involves a combination of psychological, social, and technological factors. Numerous studies have identified symptoms of social media addiction, including obsessive-compulsive behavior, loss of control, and negative emotional states when usage is restricted. Furthermore, research has also linked social media addiction to a range of negative outcomes, such as poor sleep quality,decreased well-being, and increased anxiety and depression. III. MethodologyThe proposed research involves a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of social media addiction. A survey instrument will be developed to assess the frequency, duration, and patterns of social media usage among a sample of college students. Additionally, focus groups will be conducted to explore the psychological, social, and technological factors that contribute to social media addiction.IV. Expected OutcomesThe expected outcomes of this research include the development of a valid and reliable survey instrument for assessing social media addiction among college students and an in-depth understanding of the psychological, social, and technological factors that contribute to social media addiction. The findings from this research can inform interventions and policies designed to reduce the negative impact of social mediaaddiction on individuals and society.V. ConclusionSocial media addiction is a significant issue that warrants further investigation. The proposed research ms to fill a gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of social media addiction and its impact on college students. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the study will develop a valid and reliable survey instrument and explore the psychological, social, and technological factors that contribute to social media addiction. The findings from this research can inform interventions and policies designed to reduce the negative impact of social media addiction on individuals and society.怎么写开题报告开题报告范文标题:如何写开题报告一、什么是开题报告开题报告是学术论文的准备工作,主要是对研究课题的背景、目的、方法、预期结果等进行详细的描述和论证。
英语开题报告写作模板
英语开题报告写作模板The Impact of Digital Technology on Education1. Introduction:The rapid advancement of digital technology has greatly influenced various aspects of our lives, including education. This research aims to explore the impact of digital technology on education, focusing on its advantages, challenges, and potential future developments.2. Advantages of Digital Technology in Education:Digital technology has revolutionized the education sector in several ways. Firstly, it has improved access to educational resources through online platforms and digital libraries, making information readily available to students and teachers. Secondly, digital technology has enabled personalized learning, allowing students to learn at their own pace and according to their individual needs. Moreover, digital tools such as interactive apps and multimedia content have enhanced engagement and motivation in the classroom. Lastly, digital technology has facilitated global collaborations and networking among students and teachers from different parts of the world.3. Challenges of Digital Technology in Education:Despite its numerous advantages, digital technology also presents certain challenges in education. Firstly, there is a digital divide in access to technology, with some students and schools lacking the necessary resources. This can further exacerbate educational inequalities. Additionally, the over-reliance on digital tools can hinder the development of critical thinking and problem-solvingskills. Moreover, the presence of distractions and the potential for online safety concerns pose challenges that need to be addressed ina digital learning environment.4. Future Developments in Digital Technology and Education:The future of digital technology in education holds great potential. Emerging technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence have the capacity to transform the way we learn and teach. These technologies can enhance immersive learning experiences, personalize education further, and provide more accurate assessments. Additionally, the integration of big data analysis and predictive analytics can help educators gain insights into student learning patterns, identify areas of improvement, and provide targeted support.5. Conclusion:In conclusion, digital technology has had a significant impact on education, offering advantages such as improved access to educational resources, personalized learning, enhanced engagement, and global collaborations. However, challenges such as the digital divide, a potential decline in critical thinking skills, and safety concerns need to be addressed. Looking ahead, emerging technologies show promise in further transforming education and offering new opportunities for teaching and learning. As technology continues to evolve, it is crucial for educators and policymakers to adapt effectively and harness the potential of digital technology to enhance education for all.。
英文开题报告作文模板
英文开题报告作文模板英文:Introduction。
Hello everyone, today I am going to present my research proposal. The topic I have chosen is "The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers' Mental Health". In recent years, social media has become an integral part of teenagers' lives. However, there has been a growing concern about the negative impact it may have on their mental health. Therefore, I want to explore this topic further and see if there is a correlation between social media usage and mental health issues among teenagers.Background。
Social media has become a ubiquitous part of modern society. According to a survey conducted by Pew Research Center, 72% of teenagers in the United States use socialmedia. While social media can provide numerous benefits, such as connecting with friends and family, it can also have negative effects. Studies have shown that excessive social media usage can lead to depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues.Research Questions。
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开题报告英文模板篇一:开题报告英文版模板Proposed Title for Dissertation:(Times New Roman 四号加粗)On Domestication and Foreignizationfrom the Perspective of Intercultural Communication(Times New Roman加粗小三号, 居中)I. Background(Times New Roman加粗四号)文本部分全部使用Times New Roman 小四号字体;1.5倍行距;缩进使用tab键本部分些个人选择所领域的原因和背景。
英文例子只是为了让学生能对字号和行距要求有一个直观的理解。
Over the last ten years, the implications of research into language acquisition (Crook & Gass, 1993) and the results of Prabhu?s task-based teaching experiment in India (Willis, 1990) have led to an increasing interest in the potential of task-based teaching of languages. However, this approach seems not easy to apply in Mainland China and Hong Kong due to the large class EFL teaching in those areas and ageneral lack of the environment in practicing the target language (Tsang, XX).Recent years have shown an explosion of interest in using computers for language teaching and learning. With the advent of multimedia computing and the Internet, ?the role of computers in language instruction has now become an important issue confronting large numbers of language teachers throughout the world? (Warschauer & Healey,1998). In the growing field of foreign language teaching to university students in large EFL class, then, the Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) approach may appear to be an almost obvious choice. Nevertheless, the research into an integrative use of the task-based language (TBL) approach and CALL has be(本文来自:小草范文网:开题报告英文模板)en rather sparse in China.II. Research Questions and Its SignificanceThis dissertation aims at finding an answer to the question of what is the most appropriate way of teaching Chinese university students in large EFL class. The research begins with the hypothetical premise thatCALL may solve some problems in large EFL class teaching, and it highlights aspects around using tasks in CALL approach. In doing so, the researcher hopes to gain some insights into the CALL approach and to contribute in some way to the improvement of English language teaching (ELT) in China.研究意义可参照中文版本Ⅲ. Literature Review本选题在国内外研究的现状,内容参照中文版本IV. Difficulties and Initiatives of the Research 内容参照中文版本V. Outline of the Proposed Structure of the Dissertation1. Introduction论述当今…的现状,从而引出本课题的研究重点,选题意义,简要说明本文的文章结构和布局。
2. Literature Review2.12.22.33. Methodology3.1 Research Subject3.2 Data Collection3.3 Research Procedure(小标题可以视情况而定)4. Discussion and Analysis5. Conclusion内容参照中文版本Ⅵ. Methodology内容参照中文版本Ⅶ. References(英语文献用小四号“Times New Roman”,汉语文献用宋体5号; 1.5倍行距,不加粗。
参考文献分为中英文两类,英文在前,中文在后,二者均按字母顺序排列。
)[1] Annette T. R. XX. American literature root and flower. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.[2] Feidelson,D. 1981. Symbolism and American literature. New York: Viking Press.[3] Fredmednick, F. 1988. An introduction to American literature. Zhengzhou: Henan University Press.[4] Gottesman, R. et al. (eds) 1979. The Nortonanthology of American literature. New York: Norton.[5] Hawthorne, N. 1850. The scarlet letter. Beijing: China Book Press.[6] Mcmichael, G. 1985. Concise anthology of American literature. New York: Macmillan.[7] Miller, A. & James, J. (ed) 1991. Heritage of American literature. SanDiego: Harcourt.[8] Perkins, G. et al. 1985. The American tradition in literature. New York: Random House.[9] Chang, Y. [常耀信]。
XX,《美国文学简史》。
天津: 南开大学出版社。
[10] Chang, Y. [常耀信]。
XX,《漫话英美文学—英美文学考研指南》。
天津: 南开大学出版社。
[11] Hu, Y. [胡允桓]。
1999,《霍桑短篇小说选》。
北京: 外文出版社。
[12] Jin, L. [金莉], & Qin, Y. [秦亚青]。
1998,《美国文学》。
北京: 外语教学与研究出版社。
[13] Liang, Y. [梁亚平]。
XX,《美国文学简介》。
上海: 东华大学出版社。
篇二:英语开题报告的标准格式By Li GangThe Teaching of Culture in the English Language Education I. IntroductionIn teaching English as a foreign language, the importance of teaching culture has been widely recognized. However how to teach culture in foreign language education is a problem faced by language educators all over the world. In the present thesis concerning linguistic theories and various ways of teaching foreign culture in the English classroom will be surveyed and studied in the light of Chinese situation. The present thesis stresses that culture teaching is very essential in the English language education. The teaching of language and the teaching of culture are of the same importance in the English classroom.Language and culture are closely related. In foreign language education, the definition of culture teaching should include all the human achievements of civilization and the ways of life and the different habits of people. Culture differences are reflected inlanguages and communicative activities. Furthermore it makes great difference in communication whether learners can understand or know the cultural differences, cultural rules, and even the cultural taboos.However, in traditional approaches to language teaching, the aims of a language teaching course are very often defined with reference to the four " language skills ": understanding speech, speaking, reading and writing. Culture teaching is not taken so important a teaching target as the above mentioned language skills. Because of the lack of cultural knowledge, students often make cultural mistakes when they communicate with native speakers.From years of my experience in teaching English, I gradually realize the importance of culture teaching to Chinese students. English teaching should be aimed at developing students’ communicative competence so that they would be able to react freely and proper with native speakers of English in various social situations. Language should be taught in culture. The two are ofthe same importance.II. OutlineThe Background Theories In this part I will describe the theories of communicative competence byD. Hymes andM, A. K.Halliday, which have led to a change of focus in English teaching. The theories show us the importance of culture teaching and that language and culture are intertwined, that it is not possible to teach a foreign language without teaching its culture.2.2 The Relationship Between Language and CultureI will discuss the relationship between language and culture in this part. What is culture? What is language? Is there diversity among cultures? How do language and culture interact?2.3 Cultural GoalsIn this part, I will discuss the cultural goals for Chinese students. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4 Teaching Culture in the English ClassroomIn this part, I will discuss the content and methods of teaching culture in the English classroom.2.5 ConclusionFrom the above research we can naturally come to the conclusion that only by applying mehods enhancing transcultural communications and conducting research into English teaching methodology can we greatly stimulate the reform and development of English teaching.ReferencesBaugh, John and Joel Sherzer. Language in Use [M]. New Jersey: Prentice -Hall, Inc., 1984 Deng, Yanchang and Liu Runqing, Language and Culture [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Education and Research Press, 1989 Ervin - Tripp, Susan M. Language Acquisition and Communicative Choice [M]. Standford: Standford University Press, 1973[4] Halliday, M. A. K. Learning How to Mean [M].. New York: Elsevier, 1977[5] Hu Zhuanglin Liu Runqing and Li Yanfu. Linguistics: A Course Book [M]. Beijing: BeijingUniversityPress, 1988[6] Hu, WenZhong. Culture and Literature [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1994(1)[7] Hudson, R. A. Sociolinguistics [M]. London: Cambridge University Press. 1997[8] Katan, David. Translating Cultures [M]. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 1999[9] Qin, Xiubai. EFL Learning and Culture Acquisition [A]. Intercultural Communication, Shanghai:Shanghai Translating Press, 1988[10] Stern, H, H, Issues and Options in Language Teaching [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992[11] Wu, Bing. Chinese Teachers’Role in the Teaching of American Literature [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1994 (4)[12] Yalden, Janice. Principles of Course Design for Language Teaching [M]. Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, XX[13] Yule, George. The Study of Language [M].Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, XX[14] Zhu, Weifeng. A Survey on Cultural Differences [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1997(5)[15] 胡文仲.《跨文化交际学根本论》. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 1999[16] 谭丽. 论我国小学英语文化教学 [D]. 山东师范大学, XX参考文献代码与格式参考文献著录中的文献类别代码:普通图书:M,会议录:C,汇编:G,报纸:N,期刊:J,学位论文:D,报告:R,标准:S,专利:P,数据库:DB,计算机程序:CP,电子公告:EB。