Winners and Losers Distributional Impacts of Highway User Fees赢家和输家的公路使用费分配的影响

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B2-U3

请选择 ability, capability,capacity的适当形式填空。
capacity That kid shows an unbelievable _________ for learning chemistry.
ability I believe you have the ________ to finish the task. capacity That cartoon book goes beyond the ________ of preschool readers. capabilities Those psychologists compared the _________ of two teenagers and concluded that the first was smarter. But capability the second one still had some ________ for improvement.
3. unique (Line 1, Para. 1) adj. being the only one of its type
唯一的，独一无二的；独特的，无双的
完成下面的句子。 Drug abuse is by no means __________________________. a unique problem to this region （这一地区特有的问题） _________________ because That building is unique all the others like it were destroyed.（那座建筑很独特）
uniqueness of Elvis Presley’s singing style It is the ____________________________________

winners and losers

Winners and LosersThere are many winners and losers in our everyday life. What kinds of people are winners? First of all, they should be optimists and have confidence in success. Secondly, they should have plans for the future and strive for them. Finally, a good will is also necessary.On the other hand, what kinds of people are losers? For instance, a loser is often someone who is a pessimist or, on the contrary, thinks highly of himself, but his ability is limited. As a loser, maybe he is rich in money, but usually he cannot get what he wants, and then he gets overwhelmed. He complains about the world and life, but he does not find any reason from himself. It is his pessimism that causes his misfortune.As for me, I think a winner, just like a genius, results from one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. We should think a lot, practice a lot and strive hard in order to achieve our plans step by step. It can help you to be a winner who bears in mind that God helps those who help themselves.1.optimist 乐天派，乐观者2.strive for…为。

Born To Win

Born To WinOrganization:Section One: “Winners and Losers”－The definition of a winner and a loser1.Each person is born with what he needs to win at life.2.To us, a winner is one who responds authentically bybeing credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine,both as an individual and a member of a society. Aloser is one who fails to respond authentically.3.Few people are one hundred percent winners or onehundred percent losers.Section Two: “ Winners”－The characteristics of a winning person1.Winners have different potentials.2.A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to usehis own knowledge.3.A winner can be spontaneous.4.Although a winner can freely enjoy himself, he canalso postpone enjoyment.5.A winner cares about the world and its peoples.Section Three: “ losers”First Part ( Para.1--- Para.5 ) : Definition of losers andhow different they arefrom winners.Second Part (Para.7 ---Para.10 ) :Two psychologicalapproaches that can helplosers become winners.1.Differences between winners and losers2.The factors that bring about a loser3.The characteristics of a loser4.How to changeLanguage Points:authentically adv. not pretend, in a sincere, real wayauthenticitytrueresponsive adj. answering easily or quicklygenuine adj. authentic, sincere, true, really what it is said tobeMoses 摩西（古代希伯来人之先知，据圣经记载，曾领导以色列人脱离埃及人之奴役。

胜利者与失败者（译文）（Victorandloser）

胜利者与失败者(译文)（Victor and loser）"Victor" and "loser"Born to WinBorn to WinBy, Muriel, James, and, Dorothy, JongewardYou, cannot, teach, a, man, anything., You, can, help, only Him, discover, it, within, himself.--GalileoYou can't teach a man anything. You can only help him find it. Galileo"WINNERS, AND, LOSERS.""Winners and losers"Each, human, being, is, born, as, something, new, Something, that, never, existed, before., He, is, born With, what, he, needs, to, win, at, life.,, Each, person, in His, own, way, can, see, hear, touch, taste, and, thinkFor, himself., Each, has, his, unique, potentials - hisCapabilities, and, limitations., Each, can, be, aSignificant, thinking, aware, and, creativelyProductive, person, in, his, own, right - a winner.From the moment they were born, everyone appeared as a new and never existed face. He was born with everything that enabled him to win in life. Everyone can observe, listen, touch, taste and think in his own unique way. Everyone has his or her unique potential-His talent and his limitations. Every man can make his own right a man of great merit, of thought, of consciousness and of creative ability-- a winner.The words, "winner", "and", "loser", "have", "many", "meanings."When, we, refer, to, a, person, as, a, winner, we, do, notMean, one, who, beats, the, other, guy, by, over, winningHim, and, making, him, lose., To, US, a, winner, is, oneWho, responds, authentically, by, being, credible,Trustworthy, responsive, and, genuine, both, as, anIndividual, and, as, a, member, of, a, society., loser, AIs, one, who, fails, to, correspond, authentically.Mastin, Buber, expresses, this, idea, as, he, retells, an在他死床上看到的一个拉比的古老故事他自己是个失败者。

Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers

以公司规模和beta值为子样本的回报率对利润和5年期的利润的衡量相对强劲组合的股票的长期表现 1927-1946年的进一步测试时间宣告日买入过去赢者卖出过去输者的收益率总结
文章摘要
买入过去表现好的、卖出过去表现差的投资策略在持有期为3-12
个月的时间里是有显著的正收益
portfolio formation period and the holding period to avoid some of the bid-ask spread, price pressure, andlagged reaction effects Jegadeesh(1990) and Lehmann (1990).
Lead-Lag Effects and Relative Strength Profits
本模型的目的在于检验RSS的利润是否可能来自股票价格的lead-lag relationship ,如Lo和MacacKinlay(1990)中考虑的那样者反应过度，但是因素模拟组合的回报是序列不相关的考虑以下模型
的论文和观点主要是relative strength strategies（买多卖空）
Levy (1967) 研究表明用现在的价格买股票比用过去27周的平均价格所获得
的超额回报率高
Grinblatt and Titman (1989, 1991)发现基金的运作都是按照relative strength strategies 进行的。而且这种投资策略产生超额的回报。
Sources of Relative Strength Profits
two simple return-generating models to decompose the excess returns documented in the last section and identify the important sources of relative strength profits.

winners and losers of globalization

The Biggest Winners and Losers of GlobalizationFrom 1980s, globalization regarded as a new phenomenon has become increasingly entrenched and pervasive in the world. It is a concept, but also the tendency of the development of human society. The specific performance of globalization usually includes two main fields, economy and culture. Economic globalization is the world economic activity beyond national borders, for example foreign trade, capital flows, technological transfer, providing services, and an interdependent. It reduces the international barriers and promotes the economic exchange.(Chares,2008,p.11) Cultural globalization means everything in the world of culture in various ways, "integration" and "differ" under transference on a global scale. It accelerates the transformation of global culture and creates cultural innovation. Economicand cultural globalization make the flow of material and spiritual products break the shackles of regional or national boundaries and affect every corner of the earth.There is a trend that the world is becoming more identical, since the profound impact from globalization. It plays a significant role on the world economy and conducts to safeguarding the peaceful development of the world situation that reduces the likelihood of war. It also strengthens the cohesion of the nation because the ethnic differences seem more precious when the distance and borders become more fragmented.Nevertheless, protests from anti-globalization organization or individual are existed. Globalization is a double-edged sword that creates not only superior side but also dispute. It can be viewed as both a positive and a negative phenomenon. Inthis circumstance, different entities face different challenge. Ultimately, those who adapt to globalizationare treated as winners. On the contrary, those who unable to resist the impact of globalization have became a loser.In the past 20 years，two groups are knows as the winner of globalization: those at the top of global income distributionsand people of developing countries. Rich individuals and institutions use globalization as a tool of economics and politics to enrich themselves or even dominate and exploit the poor. For example, in 1990 and 2000,the average salary of CEO in the United States increased 571%, while average salary of worker rose only 37%. However, thesocial welfare benefits were cut back in the same period, and the public services were privatized—including even prisons. (Arianna Huffington) In this process,they were big winners. Nevertheless, they just consolidated their position, but not gained more in nature.In comparison， lives in developing countries such as China, India, Indonesia and Brazil changed a lot because of the benefits brought by globalization. These countries set up strategies according to their own situation to adjust the tide of globalization and grasped the opportunities offered by globalization. They exploited market potential, increased technologicalproductivity, maximizedthe material interests, and grew at a dramatic speed. (Robert A. Isaak) Most of the citizens of developing countries were benefited from this revolution. Their lives were completely different from those two decades ago. Thereby, they were actually the biggest winner. In 1978, China carried outits policy of reform and opening-up to follow the pace of globalization. Referencing Japan‟s “National Income Doubling Plan”, Deng Xiaoping, t he father of China‟s Reform and Opening-up, brought up the idea that “China should …double its national income‟”. After that, the income of Chinese citizens has doubled, or even quadrupled, every 10 years. The gross national income rose more than 12 times to 2360 USD in 2007, compared to 190 USD in1978. In the 30 years from 1980 to 2010, China‟s GDP grew by 9% annually and in 2010, it surpassed Japan to become the world‟s second largest economy. Thanks to the facilitation of commodity export driven by globalization, the volume of Chinese export has also surpassed that of Germany and become the largest in the world. （Xue, Jinjun, (2013)）Most of the developing countries shared a similar trend, although some of them were not as visible as China‟s.With the substantial increase in economic data，the quality of life of citizens has been greatly improved.In brief, the biggest winners of globalization are people whose life got greatly delectable change in the developing countries.Although a large number of people were benefited from globalization, there was voice of protest from anti-globalization movement everywhere. Some organizations exposed the dark side of globalization and pointed out that a large quantity of people in under-developed countries were suffering from the negative influence of globalization.Obviously, the biggest losers of globalization are mostly people in Africa, some areas of Latin America and other low-income corners. These regions have to confront with a series of obstacles of development, including fast populationgrowth, patterns of traditional cultural that oppose innovation, and lack of industrial technology. (Macionis, J.) However, these problems had not gotten any suitable solutions or relief in the process of globalization. On the contrary, rich countries controlled the rules of trade and exploitation, and impeded the development of economy in poor areas. That even induced more problems, such as cultural erosion, over consumption of resource, and environmental deterioration. Most of the data showseconomicstagnation and even retrogression of these regions. In 1988, the income of an African with a median income equaled two-thirds of the global median income. In 2008, itdecreased to less than one-half.(Branko Milanovic)Moreover, slight increase of the economic data could not offset the problems. For example, in 1993, the population of Kenya swelled by 4 per cent. As a result, even with some improvement of economy, living standard actually fell. (Macionis, J.) To some extent, the tragic issue of world poverty was caused by globalization. In this, the biggest losers were the people from under-developed countries.Globalization creates different elements for different groups. And regardless of whether its advantages outweigh the disadvantages，globalization‟s exact meaning will continue to be highly controversial topic all over the world. (Simon Jeffery) Although the seamy side of globalization is still achallenge, positive attitude should be adoptedto face this phenomenon. In future,the spread of globalization, free markets and free trade into developing world may become the keys to ending world poverty. Reference1. Hill,C. (2008) Global Business Today 5th Ed,2.Huffington,A.(2003) Pigs at the Trough: How Corporate Greed and Political Corruption are Undermining America, New York: Crown Publishers, p.14.3. Isaak,R. (2004) Globalization Gap, The: How the Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Left Further Behind, [Online]. Available at:/book/international-business-globalization/01314289 69/introduction/ch01 (Accessed: 10 August 2013).4.Xue, J.(2013), Income Inequality in China,[Online]. Available at:/income-inequality-in-china/( Accessed: 10 August 2013).5.Macionis,J. and Plummer,K. (2008) Sociology: a global introduction 4th Ed, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, pp.281-291.6. Milanovic,B. (2012)Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: in History and Now,[Online]. Available at:/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/11/06/00 0158349_20121106085546/Rendered/PDF/wps6259.pdf(Accessed: 10 August 2013).7.Jeffery,S. (2002) What is globalization? [Online]. Availableat:/world/2002/oct/31/globalisation.simonjeffery(A ccessed: 10 August 2013).。

短篇篇章翻译

（one）The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others; evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.“成功者”和“失败者”这两个词含义很多。

过度竞争英语作文

过度竞争英语作文In todays society the concept of competition is deeply rooted in every aspect of our lives. From an early age we are taught that competition is essential for growth and success. However the reality is that excessive competition can have detrimental effects on individuals and society as a whole. This essay will explore the negative impacts of excessive competition the reasons behind it and potential solutions to mitigate its effects.Negative Impacts of Excessive Competition1. Stress and Mental Health Issues One of the most immediate consequences of excessive competition is the increase in stress levels. Students and professionals are under constant pressure to outperform their peers which can lead to anxiety depression and other mental health issues.2. Loss of Creativity and Innovation When the focus is solely on winning or being the best there is often little room for creativity and innovation. Individuals may be more inclined to follow established methods rather than exploring new ideas which can stifle progress and development.3. Erosion of Social Bonds Excessive competition can also erode the sense of community and cooperation. People may become more focused on their own success rather than working together towards common goals leading to a more individualistic and less supportive society.4. Inequality and Disparity In a competitive environment there will always be winners and losers. This can lead to a widening gap between those who succeed and those who do not exacerbating social and economic inequalities.Reasons Behind Excessive Competition1. Cultural and Societal Norms In many cultures there is a strong emphasis on success and achievement. This can lead to a competitive mindset from a young age where children are encouraged to compete with their peers in academics sports and other areas.2. Economic Factors The global economy has become increasingly competitive with companies and individuals vying for limited resources and opportunities. This economic pressure can drive the need for constant competition to secure jobs promotions andfinancial stability.3. Education System The education system often rewards competition with grades rankings and entrance exams serving as benchmarks for success. This can instill a competitive spirit from an early age and perpetuate the idea that competition is necessary for achievement.Potential Solutions1. Promoting Collaboration Encouraging a culture of collaboration can help counteract the negative effects of competition. By emphasizing teamwork and collective success individuals can learn to value the contributions of others and work together towards common goals.2. Reforming the Education System Education systems can play a crucial role in reducing excessive competition by focusing on holistic development rather than just academic achievement. This includes promoting critical thinking creativity and emotional intelligence alongside traditional subjects.3. Creating a Supportive Environment Employers and communities can create environments that support individuals in their personal and professional development rather than pitting them against each other. This can include mentorship programs professional development opportunities and a focus on worklife balance.4. Redefining Success Society as a whole needs to redefine what success means. Success should not be solely based on outperforming others but on personal growth contribution to society and overall wellbeing.In conclusion while competition can be a driving force for improvement and progress excessive competition can have negative consequences on individuals and society. By understanding the reasons behind this phenomenon and implementing strategies to promote a more balanced approach we can create a healthier more supportive environment that values both individual achievement and collective wellbeing.。

【A,Winner,and,A,Loser】and

【A,Winner,and,A,Loser】andBut being the world’s biggest maker and exporter of solar panels does not make China a real winner. Heavy pollution, high energy consumption, overreliance on overseas markets and a low profit margin are forcing China’s PV industry to upgrade and focus internally.Target: ChinaStrong demand from the European and U.S. market have allowed China’s PV industry to witness a rapid growth since 2022年.The average annual growth rate of China’s PV sector was higher than 100 percent between 2022年and 2022年, according to the China Renewable Energy Association. China became the world’s largest PV battery producer in 2022年. In 2022年, China’s PV battery supply accounted for more than 50 percent of the world’s total, and the PV sector employed some 300,000 people.A slew of Chinese PV manufacturers have become leaders in the industry—China is now home to five of the world’s top 10 solar PV manufacturers, according to NPD Solarbuzz, a global market research and consulting firm based in the United States.Estimates hold that more than 80 percent of China’s solar cell-related exports go to the European market. In 2022年, shipments of Chinese solar panels reached $30.5 billion.With Chinese companies increasing their competitiveness and gobbling up a bigger market share, China’s PV industry has become the target of more trade-remedy cases from the EU and the United States.In October last year, the U.S. Department of Commerce said that it would conduct an investigation to determine whether Chinese companies had been selling solar panels in the United States at unfair discounts and receiving illegal government subsidies. On May 16, 2022年, it announced affirmative preliminary determinations in antidumping duties on Chinese PV cells, imposing levies of 31.14-249.96 percent on Chinese producers and exporters.The EU has followed suit with tariffs of its own.Solarworld AG, Germany’s biggest solar panel maker, said on July 3 that it planned to file an anti-dumping case against Chinese competitors.Countries in the West aren’t the only ones jumping on the China-bashing bandwagon. India is also in the process oflaunching an investigation into Chinese solar imports, said Shi Zhengrong, Chairman and CEO of the Suntech Power Holdings Co. Ltd., t he world’s largest crystalline silicon photovoltaic module manufacturer.Export burnsChina’s Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) voiced deep concerns over European solar panel makers’ bid for a trade remedy investigation against Chinese photovoltaic products.Europe is the leading market for Chinese solar cells. If the EU launches trade remedies against photovoltaic products imported from China, it will hurt cooperation between European and Chinese enterprises, MOFCOM spokesman Shen Danyang said.The move will also weigh against the development of both upstream and downstream industries of the eurozone’s photovoltaic sector, and in turn hinder low-carbon development efforts, Shen said.Although China has sent a delegation to consult with the EU to convince involved parties that Chinese companies haven’t been dumping goods in Europe, the EU is highly likely to place the case on file for investigation shortly, said Li Zhi, Director of the MOFCOM Bureau of Fair Trade for Imports and Exports.“Once EU levies anti-dumping duties on China’s PV products, the result will be devastating for Chinese PV makers,” said Zhao.According to Shi Lishan, Deputy Director of the New Energy and Renewable Energy Department with the National Energy Administration (NEA), too much reliance on exports could put the Chinese photovoltaic industry in danger.“Based on the impact from the financial crisis and the resurgence of trade protectionism, advanced countries will undermine the export competitiveness of developing countries via formulating more strict emission rules and technological and labor standards in addition to traditional trade remedy actions,” said Shi.Weakening external demand and the small domestic market have left Chinese solar manufacturers struggling to survive. Major players including Suntech Power Holdings, LDK Solar and Yingli Green Energy Holding all posted larger-than-expected profit losses in the first quarter of 2022年.“It is time for us to rethink the old mode in developing the PV industry and reduce the export to less than 10 percent of its total output,” said Li Boqiang, Director of the China Center for Energy Economics Research in Xiamen University.A worthwhile business?The payoff of China’s investment in the PV ind ustry is not as lucrative as some people expected.According to Lin, the production of PV products consumes huge amounts of electricity, which is generated in coal-fired furnaces.Fei Weiyang, an academician from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that for the production of polycrystalline silicon, the primary material in solar cells, as much as 2.2 million kw of electricity is consumed for every 1 megawatt output of solar cells.“Although the utilization of solar energy significantly saves energy and cuts emissions, the problem is that China itself has not benefited from the green energy. On the contrary, it helped other countries to become greener at the cost of increasing its coal consumption,” said Lin.According to Joe Pan, a senior analyst at Sunfaith China Ltd., a Shanghai-based consulting firm, the success of solar PV in Germany has resulted in a drop in electricity prices by up to 40 percent with savings between 520 million euro ($638.6 million) and 40 million euro ($1.03 billion) for consumers.Increases in the solar share in Germany’s energy productionhave also caused closures of gas- and coal-fired generation plants.In sharp contrast to more green energy in advanced countries, the pollution risk in PV production in China is rising. A fluoride discharge at the cell plant of China’s PV manufacturer JinkoSolar in Zhejiang Province in August last year contaminated a local water channel, killing both aquatic products and pigs.Jinko failed to bring the problem under control although the factory’s waste disposal facilities had been failing pollution tests since April.The production of polysilicon caused toxic substance of silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen chloride, said Meng Xiangan, Vice President of the China Renewable Energy Society.“The recycling cost of the toxic substance is very high. Half of China’s PV manufacturers have not taken any measures to recycle it,”said Meng.“Chinese PV makers are polluting their own country while exporting green products,”s aid Fei.China’s solar industry has had to import half of its components to make solar cells. Key technologies and equipment are also imported.Sun Guangbin, Director of the Solar Products Department with the China Chamber of Commerce, said that Japan owns 45 percent of solar energy patents worldwide, the United States 20 percent, Germany 10 percent and China only 8 percent.Qiao Debo, a former employee of SunTech, said that at least 30 percent of the production lines in the company are imported.“China’s reliance on the import of core technology and material and export to overseas markets makes it very vulnerable and easily controlled,” said Lin.Domestic consumptionChina’s usage or employment of solar energy technology is miniscule.The country installed 2.2 gigawatts of new solar capacity in 2022年. That’s almost 2 percent of the overall newly installed capacity, compared to 47 percent in the European Union, according to Zhang Guobao, former NEA head.Less than 20 percent o f China’s PV products are used domestically, with the majority exported, said Meng.“The domestic PV market has not been initiated,” confessed Zhang.Last July, China set a unified national benchmark price forsolar power at 1.15 yuan($0.18) per kwh, two to three times higher than the power generated from fossil fuels.“Although the country has set a higher benchmark price for solar energy, its demand still remains low because of its high price,”Wang Sicheng, an NEA analyst, told China Energy Ne ws.“The price gap between solar electricity and thermal electricity is still high, especially in some northwestern areas such as Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and there should be policies to tackle this problem,” said Cai Wenbin, an industry analyst at the Shanxibased Datong Securities.While advanced countries are achieving a PV installation boom through government subsidies and preferential policies, Chinese counterparts also call for stimulus policies regarding tax reduction and pricing of solargenerated electricity.In 2022年, China announced a national solar subsidy program, the Golden Sun Program, which provided upfront subsidies for qualified demonstrative PV projects from 2022年to 2022年.The subsidies promised in the program were not fully realized because the Central Government downsized its initial budget later, said Meng.“Advanced countries have provided tax rebates for their PV makers, but it has never been realized in China. China’s PV sector contributed at least 15 billion yuan ($2.36 billion) of tax every year. If the country can allocate 10 percent of it to support the industry, it will be a big boost,” said Shi.SOLAR PARK: Visitors tour China’s first PV power generation ecological theme park in Xinyu, Jiangxi Province, on July 16. Since it came into operation in October 2022年, electric energy production of the park has reduced carbon dioxide emission of 1,362 tons and dust emission of 432 tons。

浙江大学《新编大学英语综合教程(2)》(第3版)(练习答案 Unit 3)【圣才出品】

四、练习答案Part2.Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingReading Comprehension1.1.Introduction(Para.1)Each person has the potential to win in his own way.2.The meanings of“winner”and“loser”(Para.2)A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive.A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely.3.Few people are winners or losers all the time.(Para.3)4.Winners(Paras.4-7)Characteristics of a winner:A.A winner is genuine.B.A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge.C.A winner is flexible.D.A winner has a love for life.E.A winner cares about the world and its people.5.Losers(Paras.8-10)Possible causes:Poor nutrition,cruelty,unhappy relationships,disease, continuing disappointments,and inadequate physical care.Characteristics of a loser:A.A loser lacks the ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior.B.A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.2.1.C2.A3.A4.B5.C3.OmittedVocabulary1.1.appreciateA.be pleased about sth.that sb.has done for you感激B.recognize its good qualities欣赏，赏识2.capacityA.the amount that sth.can hold or contain容量,容积，容纳力B.ability or power能力，才能3.channelA.(n.)band of frequencies used for a particular set of radio or television programmes频道B.(v.)arrange for them to be used for that thing,rather than for a wider range of things调拨4.contributeA.join with others in giving捐献，捐赠，贡献出B.help in causing a situation,event,or condition有助于，促成5.flexibleA.that can bend easily without breaking有弹性的，柔韧的B.easily changed to suit new conditions灵活的，可变通的6.guiltA.the state of having committed an offense罪，罪行B.remorse caused by feeling responsible for some offense内疚，自责，悔恨7.potentialA.(adj.)that may happen or become so潜在的，可能的B.(n.)(the degree of)possibility for developing or being favorably developed潜力，潜能8.rigidA.stiff;not bending or yielding硬的，不易弯曲的B.strict;firm;unchanging严格的，刻板的2.3.Translation1.A lot of things contributed to the end of my relationship with that company.2.She showed great courage in the face of serious illness.3.We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth.4.His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.5.Learning a language isn’t just a matter of memorizing words.6.Once she has made her decision,no one can hold her back.7.They said they would study hard and live up to their parents’expectations.8.The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new discovery in this field.Part3.Further Development1.Grammar Review1.Had they signed the contract ahead of time,they could not have missed the plan.2.Had we not been interrupted yesterday,we would have finished the work.3.Had he not been working hard in the past five years,things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.4.Were they to cease advertising,prices would be significantly reduced.5.Had you taken his advice,you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.2.Vocabulary Review3.Winners or Losers?Omitted4.Live Your DreamsOmitted5.An Interview with a Successful WriterOmitted6.That’s Me!OmittedPart4.Translation and Writing2.Translation Practice1.Failure is the mother of success.2.Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win!3.Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now.4.One who is eager to win may not necessarily win quickly.5.A successful person doesn’t ask for things from others.On the contrary/Instead, he will ask himself:“What can I leave to this world?”6.A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to society,not the one who is the richest or the most famous.3.WritingOmitted。

2020年职称英语考试试题：卫生类(阅读判断题六)

2020年职称英语考试试题：卫生类（阅读判断题六）Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia， whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide： EastAsia has a long trading tradition， lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union， on the other hand， was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa， some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequateinfrastructure (基础结构); many countries have little totrade but commodities， the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions， certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies， often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia，which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work，such as an independent bank system， a system of business law，and an adequate method for collecting taxes. Encouraged bythe IMF， the World Bank and the U.S. Department of the Treasury， President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector， creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员)， who， knowing how unstable conditions were at home， sent their money abroad instead of investingit at home.In contrast， China， the biggest winner from globalization， did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc， only a few， notably Poland and Hungary， managed to grow， which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans， including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories： despite their disadvantages， their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies， liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.1 Japan has a long trading tradition.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 All African countries followed the IMF formula.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalizationA RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 China did not take IMF advice.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C。

Winners vs Losers 成功者与失败者

Winners vs Losers
成功者与失败者The Winner is always a part of the answer;
The Loser is always a part of the problem.
成功者总是答案的一部分；
失败者总是问题的一部分。

The Winner always has a plan;
The Loser always has an excuse.
成功者总是有计划；
失败者总是有借口。

The Winner says “let me do it for you”;
The Loser says “that is not my job”.
成功者说：“让我帮您做吧”；
失败者说：“这不是我的工作”。

The Winner sees an answer in every problem；
The Loser sees a problem in every answer.
成功者在每个问题中都看到答案；
失败者在每个答案里都看到问题。

The Winner sees green near sand trip;
The Loser sees sand trip near every green.
成功者在沙漠边看到绿洲；
失败者在绿洲边看到沙漠。

The Winner says “it may be difficult but it’s possible; The Loser says “it may be possible but difficult.
成功者说：“这有点难但还是有可能的”；
失败者说：“这有可能但是很难。

”。

英汉语言对比

Most notably, China has avoided the large output declines and severe macroeconomic instability that tended to characterize the transition experiences in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. 最值得注意的是，最值得注意的是，中国避免了生产的大滑坡和宏观经济的严重不稳定性，的大滑坡和宏观经济的严重不稳定性，生产的大滑坡和宏观经济的严重不稳定性曾经是中、定性曾经是中、东欧以及前苏联经济过渡时期的特点。过渡时期的特点。
A conference of developing countries and richer industrialized states was held in Washington attempting to identify priorities for improving life among poor areas of the world. 一些发展中国家和较富有的工业国家在华盛顿举行了会议，家在华盛顿举行了会议，试图确定在改善世界贫穷地区人民生活中应当首先做哪些事情。先做哪些事情。
The kaleidoscope of shifting interests made it impossible to sort out the “winners” and “losers”. 各国的利益变化不定，各国的利益变化不定，好像万花筒一样，筒一样，这就使人难以分辨出究竟谁胜谁负。谁胜谁负。
It was found that a country benefits more by producing goods it can make most cheaply and buying those goods that other countries can make at lower costs than by producing everything it needs within its own border. 人们发现，人们发现，一个国家只生产成本耗费最低的产品，低的产品，而从其他国家购买它们用较低成本生产的产品，低成本生产的产品，这比在国内生产自己所需要的一切产品要划算得多。己所需要的一切产品要划算得多。

胜者与败者作文200字

胜者与败者作文200字英文回答：Winners and losers are an inevitable part of life. Whether it's in sports, academics, or even in personal relationships, there will always be someone who comes out on top and someone who falls short. Being a winner or a loser can have a significant impact on a person's self-esteem and overall outlook on life.As a winner, I have experienced the thrill of victory and the sense of accomplishment that comes with it. For example, in a recent basketball tournament, my team and I emerged as the champions. We had put in hours of practice, worked together as a cohesive unit, and executed our game plan flawlessly. The feeling of hoisting the trophy and celebrating our victory was truly exhilarating. Being a winner in this situation boosted my confidence and motivated me to continue striving for success in other areas of my life.On the other hand, I have also experienced the bitterness of defeat as a loser. Losing can be a tough pill to swallow, especially when you have put in a lot of effort and have high expectations. For instance, in a debate competition, my team and I were confident in our arguments and presentation skills. However, we ended up losing to a rival team by a narrow margin. It was disheartening to see our hard work go unrecognized and to watch the other team celebrate their victory. As a loser, I felt a sense of disappointment and frustration, but I also learned valuable lessons about resilience and the importance of learning from failures.中文回答：胜者和败者是生活中不可避免的一部分。

考研英语英文原刊《经济学人》油价下跌赚了or赔了

考研英语英文原刊《经济学人》油价下跌赚了or赔了Cheaper oil油价下跌Winners and losers赚了还是赔了?America and its friends benefit from falling oil prices;its most strident critics don't美国及其盟友将从油价下跌中获益;最为毒舌的批评者们却不能如此IN EARL Y October the IMF looked at what might happen to the world economy if conflict in Iraqcaused an oil-price shock. Fighters from Islamic State (IS) were pushing into the country'snorth and the fund worried about a sharp price rise, of 20% in a year. Global GDP would fall by0.5-1.5%, it concluded. Equity prices in rich countries would decline by 3-7%, and inflationwould be at least half a point higher.十月初，国际货币基金组织(IMF)预估了一旦伊拉克冲突导致油价震荡会带来怎样的后果。

伊斯兰国(IS)的武装分子在向该国北部进军时，IMF担心今年油价可能会猛增约20%。

它还估计今年全球GDP增速可能会下滑0.5%至1.5%。

富裕国家的股价跌幅可能会达到3%至7%，而通胀率可能至少会上浮0.5个百分点。

IS is still advancing.Russia, the world's third-biggest producer, is embroiledinUkraine.Iraq,Syria,Nigeria and Libya, oil producers all, are in turmoil. But the price of Brentcrude fell over 25% from 115 abarrel in mid-June to under 85 inmid-October, before recoveringa little. Such a shift has global consequences. Who are the winners and losers?IS仍在继续进军。

关于成功与失败的讨论

主题：What are the secrets of success? How do you define winners and losers?什么是成功的秘诀？你如何定义成功者和失败者？We all want to be winners. We all want to succeed. So why then do so many of us struggle indefinitely and come up short It has something to do with how we think, what we focus on, and how we live each moment.我们都想做赢家，都想成功。

那么，为什么我们中的大多数人都是拼搏了许久，却收获甚微呢？这跟我们如何思考，侧重哪方面，怎样度过每一刻有一定的联系。

Here are a few ideas on why winners win and losers lose.成功者为何会成功，失败者又如何会失败，究其原因有以下几点：Losers fail once and quit. Winners fail a thousand times and eventually succeed.失败者失败一次，就放弃了；成功者失败了一千次，却最终取得了成功。

Losers label themselves as experts. Winners know there is still much to learn.失败者标榜自己为专家；成功者知道还有很多东西要学习。

Losers over-sell. Winners over-deliver.失败者吹嘘；成功者付出。

Losers let things happen. Winners make things happen.失败者任由事情发生；成功者创造事情发生。

Losers think winners are lucky. Winners realize the harder they work the luckier they are.失败者认为成功只因幸运；成功者认为工作越艰难则越幸运。

2020年职称英语考试卫生类辅导练习题11

2020年职称英语考试卫生类辅导练习题11 Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia， whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide： EastAsia has a long trading tradition， lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union， on the other hand， was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa， some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequateinfrastructure (基础结构); many countries have little totrade but commodities， the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions， certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies， often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia，which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work，such as an independent bank system， a system of business law，and an adequate method for collecting taxes. Encouraged bythe IMF， the World Bank and the U.S. Department of the Treasury， President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector， creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员)， who， knowing how unstable conditions were at home， sent their money abroad instead of investingit at home.In contrast， China， the biggest winner from globalization， did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc， only a few， notably Poland and Hungary， managed to grow， which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans， including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories： despite their disadvantages， their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies， liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.1 Japan has a long trading tradition.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 All African countries followed the IMF formula.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalizationA RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 China did not take IMF advice.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C。

博弈到双赢英语作文

博弈到双赢英语作文Title: Achieving Win-Win through Game Theory。

Game theory is a branch of mathematics and economics that studies the strategic interactions between different parties and the possible outcomes of their decisions. It is often used to analyze and predict the behavior of individuals, organizations, and governments in competitive situations. In recent years, game theory has gained increasing attention as a tool for achieving win-win outcomes in various fields, such as business, politics, and international relations.One of the key concepts in game theory is the "prisoner's dilemma," which illustrates the tension between individual self-interest and collective well-being. In the classic scenario, two prisoners are arrested and placed in separate cells. They are given the opportunity to confess to a crime and betray their accomplice in exchange for a reduced sentence. If both prisoners remain silent, theywill each receive a moderate sentence. However, if one confesses and the other remains silent, the confessor will be set free while the silent prisoner will receive a harsh sentence. If both confess, they will both receive a reduced sentence, but not as favorable as if they had both remained silent. The dilemma highlights the challenge of cooperation in situations where individual incentives conflict with the common good.To address this challenge, game theorists have developed various strategies for achieving win-win outcomes. One such strategy is known as "tit-for-tat," which involves reciprocating the actions of others in a cooperative manner. In the context of the prisoner's dilemma, this strategy would entail remaining silent if the other prisoner remains silent, and confessing if the other prisoner confesses. By adopting a tit-for-tat approach, individuals can encourage cooperation and build trust with their counterparts,leading to mutually beneficial outcomes.Another strategy for achieving win-win outcomes is the concept of "cooperative game theory," which focuses on thepotential for collaboration and joint gains. In cooperative games, participants work together to achieve common objectives, rather than competing against each other for individual advantage. By pooling their resources, sharing information, and coordinating their actions, players can create value and expand the overall pie, resulting in positive outcomes for all involved.In the business world, game theory has been used to analyze competitive strategies, negotiate deals, and resolve conflicts. For example, companies often engage in price wars, advertising battles, and other forms of competition to gain market share and increase profits. By applying game theory principles, businesses can identify opportunities for cooperation, such as forming strategic alliances, sharing resources, and engaging in joint ventures. Through collaborative efforts, companies can create win-win outcomes that benefit all parties involved, rather than engaging in zero-sum competitions that result in winners and losers.In the realm of international relations, game theoryhas been employed to analyze geopolitical conflicts, negotiate trade agreements, and promote peace and stability. For instance, countries often engage in diplomatic negotiations, military alliances, and economic partnerships to pursue their national interests and address global challenges. By applying game theory concepts, policymakers can identify opportunities for mutual cooperation, such as arms control agreements, environmental treaties, and development assistance programs. Through collaborative efforts, nations can achieve win-win outcomes that promote peace, prosperity, and security for all.In conclusion, game theory offers valuable insights and strategies for achieving win-win outcomes in various contexts. By understanding the dynamics of strategic interactions and the potential for cooperation, individuals, organizations, and governments can create positive-sum outcomes that benefit all parties involved. Whether in business, politics, or international relations, game theory provides a powerful framework for building trust, fostering collaboration, and achieving mutual gains. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and interdependent, theprinciples of game theory will continue to play a crucial role in shaping the future of human interactions and promoting win-win outcomes for all.。