学术英语理工类 text15 Abstract

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学术英语理工类文献综述英文

学术英语理工类文献综述英文

学术英语学院名称:材料科学与工程学院学生姓名:***学号:**********专业班级:新能源材料与器件1312015年 6月16 日The current development of genetically modified crops ofChina and its safety issuesZhang Qingfei(College of materials science and engineering, Nanchang University, 10001) Abstracts:GM technology as a new, highly efficient genetically modified technology, already widely used in the cultivation of new varieties of field crops. China's transgenic technology started earlier, China's current GM technology level in the forefront of the world, especially made great achievements in the cultivation of new varieties of crops. In this paper, the status quo using gene transfer on Chinese agriculture and safety of transgenic technology are introduced, and the resolve of GM safety issues some thought. On this basis, I made some new ideas of transgenic technology and application of transgenic technology development prospects were discussed.Keywords: GM technology; GM crops; GM safety issues; ChinaIntroduction:As the core of the biotechnology giant leap .Transgenic technology is known as the second "green revolution." In 1983, the world's first strain of transgenic tobacco plants marks the arrival of the era of gene transfer plants. In the ensuing decades, genetically modified crops developed rapidly. In 2014, there are 28 countries in the world planted GM crops, the planting area has reached more than 180 million hectares, Chinese genetically modified crops planting area is 3.6 million hectares. With the widespread planting of genetically modified crops, the impact of transgenic technology in agriculture is growing. As the research of GM crops, China has made great achievements in the research of rice and cotton.The development of anything will not be smooth. With the development of GM technology, its security deposit issues also be exposed. The safety of genetically modified crops has been disputed by people, opponents argue that GM crops have great potential risk, it should be resisted. What is more, some people exaggerate the risk of genetically modified crops. Aroused people's fear of genetically modified. In this paper, the people of GM crops concerns, the status of the development of GM crops were elaborated. Besides, security problems of genetically modified crops and their solutions will be discussed.The current development of genetically modified crops in chinaGM refers to the Technology that use molecular biology method to transfer the artificial separation and some modified biological gene to other species and change the genetic characteristics of the species .Plant transgenic technology is the genetic transformation of plants, making plants to meet human needs in aspects of shape, nutrition and consumer quality.China's biotech crop improvement research began in the 1980s, during the past 30 years, Chinese agricultural and biological high-tech has been developing rapidly. At present, China's hybrid rice, cotton and other advanced in the world. GM technology Applied on cotton, rice and other crops on behalf of China's development status of GM crops.As a cotton producing countries, the industrialization of Chinese insect-resistant cotton has brought huge economic and ecological benefits to Chinesesociety. Since the 1990 s, China's major cotton producing areas often suffered insect outbreaks and the effect conventional control is poor. In 1994, under the impetus of the country, Bt gene was successfully imported into The main plant cotton species .China has become the second country with the independent development of insect-resistant cotton.In 1999, China began to commercial cultivation of cotton. In 2010, gm cotton planting and product in China reached 3.45 million hectares, accounting for 69% of the total cotton planting and product. The planting of insect-resistant cotton have effectively controlled the damage caused by the cotton bollworm .The insect-resistant cotton also reduced pesticide use, protect the farmland ecological environment.Cotton yield and growth of calendar year in China:China's research on genetically modified (gm) rice have got rich achievements. In August 17, 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture promulgated transgenic rice security certificate for the two anti-lepidopteran pests transgenic rice -----"Hua Hui 1" and "Bt Shan You 63" .In addition, China has produced the anti-amino phosphonic herbicide Bar gene rice lines, the new salt tolerance strains which represented by T22-77. Compared with ordinary rice, these transgenic rice has unmatched superior properties .It will bring huge economic benefits to Chinese farmers if these rice be planted on large-scale .For example, each 667m2 planting salt-tolerant transgenic rice can increase the income of 100 yuan. Transgenic rice can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which is benefical to the environment.GM soy is the world's first commercialization, promotion and application of the fastest growing GM crops .Dates from Agropages shows that show in 2012 , global soybean acreage reached 107 million hectares, of which GM soybeans accounted for 79 percent (84.5 million hectares). As the world's first four major soybean producing countries, China is planting soybeans which are non-GMO soybeans. The transgenic soybean was still in the research stage, failed to achieve commercial GM soy production and large-scale demonstration.Analysis about safety issuesGM technology could efficiently improve crop yield, quality and resistance to meet growing human material needs. Transgenic technology is a double-edged sword, both its positive and beneficial side, also has its negative, the negative side, The biggest potential hazards of transgenic technology is the escape of target gene and gene pollution. With the genetically modified plants wide spread around the world ,the gene of interest may vary pollen spread to other species, or spread into the environment, which may causing unpredictable results. Canada's "superweeds" event and Mexican’s “corn genetic pollution” incident has sounded the alarm for us. Besides, certain genetic traits like instability of some transgenic plants are instability, transge nic plants’ good traits will become weaken over time. Another possibility is that some transgenic plants will produce some harmful variations which will endanger human health.Effects of transgenic expression products on humans is a problem that people are most concerned about. Some of the transgene expression product will make people allergic to. But for the most expression product we are lack of direct evidence to affirm their effects on human health and the environment.In order to verify the impact of Bt proteins on animal health. Since 1999, scientists feed white mouse with genetically modified food which containing the Bt protein for many years, the results showed that mice genetically modified agricultural products containing Bt protein is safe to the mouse. However, in the short-term animal feeding trials data can not prove the Bt protein is safe to us.Because human is the long-term consumer of rice. Recently, Canadian scientists discovered, Bt proteins can enter any place of the body. Even the in baby's umbilical cord blood were also found the Bt proteins. Therefore, this discovery had to let the people worried about the safety of transgenic Bt crops.Since the transgenic technology used gene beyond the conventional sexual hybridization gene scope, and for the problem that whether transgenic plants will affect human health and the environment or not we are also lack of systematic knowledge and experience .By the current level of science ,we can not be completely accurate prediction of the results of an outer genes in the new genetic background would cause.Currently, the safety evaluation of transgenic plants primarily relates to environmental safety and food safety aspects. The core issue of environmental safety assessment is after transgenic plants released into the field, whether it will evolve into weed, whether the genes will transfer to wild plants drift or not ; whether it will destroy the natural environment and break the original biological populations homeostasis ; whether it will destroy biodiversity, and so on. Ecological effects of GM crops may arise mainly in the gene flow, non-target effects, the target pest resistance evolution, etc.ConlusionFor security issues, by taking the right measures and scientific management system is able to solve these problems. We can improve the safety of transgenic plants from the following aspects:(1) Carrying out propagandas about genetically modified technical and transgenic plants.Cultivating people’s objectivity awareness of security issues to genetically modified(2) Improving the legal system transfer plant genes and their products;(3) The establishment of transgenic crop management technology system and risk assessment system; and(4) Using food processing technology to process raw materials of transgenic food, remove the transgene expression product that exist in the raw materials of transgenic food.In addition to cultivation of crops, we can also use transgenic technology to cultivate some asexual reproduction and non-food plants. This concept have two advantages .On the one hand, it is a good solution to the genes escape and genes pollution problems. Because the escape and contamination of genes mainly through plants’ pollen s, and asexual reproduction plants will not produce pollen. On the other hand, people do not worry about the transgene expression products will affect human health, because these transgenic plants is not food crops. Transgene expression products don’t enters the body. For example, we can cultivate forestry trees which with high resistance; foliage plants which can glowing; Aquatics which can absorb the harmful heavy metals in water and so on. These plants will bring great benefits to humanity. Prospects of transgenic technology is unlimited, as long as strengthen supervision and follow scientific methods, can be avoided completely turn the negative effects of human gene technology may bring.Reference:[1] Deng Xu, Wei Bin, Hu Zhang Li. Transgenic Chlamydomonas resistance to heavy metals and enrichment of cadmium ions. Biotechnology, 2007 ,17(6):66-68[2] Li Ligong ,Ye Weijun, Guo Longbiao. The research progress and commercialization of transgenic rice prospect analysis. Chinese Rice., 2012, 18(6):1-4[3] Wangren Xiang. The development and application of gm cotton in China. Crop Research , 2001 , Cotton Album:6-9[4] Yu Yongliang, Liang Huizhen, Wang Shufeng, Lian Yun, Wei Yanli, Wang Tingfeng. The research progress of transgenic soybeans and its industrialization in China. Soybean Science, 2010, 29, (1):143-148[5] Zhuyan Tao, Xu Hong, Guo Aiguang, Li Dianrong. Plant transgenic technology and contemporary social development. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 24(4):509-522。

学术英语(理工)abstract

学术英语(理工)abstract

电脑黑客是如何侵入计算机的?摘要:对于黑客是如何进入计算机这个问题,要想简单地去解释是很困难的。

在本文中,我们将提供很多细节并且分析黑客侵入计算机所使用的方法。

一般来说,侵入计算机有三种形式:进入计算机系统的存储目录,掌控系统的处理能力,捕获计算机系统之间的信息交流。

至于使用的方法,我们可以简要地描述为利用计算机中的漏洞,包括已知的漏洞,如因功能需要所存在的漏洞;还有就是未知的漏洞,如由欠佳的工程处理所致或从那些原本需要的功能中产生了意外的后果。

另外,在黑客利用所开发出的技术之前,他们必须明确目标系统的规格,然后便能利用已知构型的漏洞来侵入电脑了。

当然,从黑客所使用的技术中,我们也可受到启发,如何去限制和管理系统漏洞,以此来保护我们的计算机。

关键词:计算机,非授权用户,漏洞,安全。

How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside” a Computer? Abstract: It is very difficult if you want to simply explain how computer hackers “get inside” a computer. In this text, we will provide lots of details and analyze the way hackers use to invade into the computer. Generally speaking, there’re three patterns of getting inside the computer, which refer to gaining access to the stored contents of a computer system, gaining access to the processing capabilities of system, or capturing information being communicated between systems. As for the method, concisely, we can describe it as exploiting vulnerabilities, which includes known vulnerabilities, exist as the result of needed capabilities, and the unknown vulnerabilities, the result of poor engineering or arise from unexpected consequence of the needed capabilities. On the other hand, the unauthorized user must determine the specification of the target system, and then they can exploit the configuration’s known vulnerabilities. Of course, from the hackers’ method, we can also be enlightened how to limit and manage the vulnerabilities of your system in order to assure the security of the computer.Keywords: computer, unauthorized user, vulnerabilities, security.。

学术英语理工类 text11 Abstract

学术英语理工类 text11 Abstract

核电的风险摘要:核电的风险主要来自辐射对健康的危害,这些辐射主要来自于放射性材料。

他们可以穿透人体深处,破坏生物细胞,从而引发癌症;如果他们破坏生殖细胞,可能导致遗传疾病。

但是后者发生的概率远小于前者。

核反应堆事故也是核电的风险之一,由于具有纵深防御的策略,它们发生的几率非常小。

但是一旦发生,非常高的辐射剂量可以摧毁身体功能和在60天内导致死亡。

核工业的放射性废物必须与人隔离很长时间,放射性的大部分包含在乏燃料,而且体积小,因此非常容易处理。

在其它辐射问题上,如在核材料的开采和放射性物质的运输处理时也会产生辐射。

但放射性物质从核电站释放的对人类健康的影响在某种程度上取决于它的处理方式。

关键词:辐射、风险、核反应堆事故、放射性废品。

Risks of Nuclear PowerAbstract:The principal risks associated with nuclear power arise from health effects of radiation.The radiation mainly comes form the radioactive material.They can penetrate deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer. If they strike sex cells, they can cause genetic diseases in progeny.But the rate of the latter is far less than the former. Reactor accidents is also one of the risk of nuclear power.But the nuclear power plant design strategy for preventing accidents ,back-up system and mitigating their potential effects is “defence in depth”, so they happen probability is exceedingly small. If they all fails,very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.The radioactive waste products from the nuclear industry must be isolated from contact withpeople for very long time periods. The bulk of the radioactivity is contained in the spent fuel, which is quite small in volume and therefore easily handled with great care. At other radiation problems,for example, exploitation of materials and transport of radioactive materials also produce radiation.The effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is handled.Key words:radiation,risks,reactor accidents,radioactive waste。

学术英语理工第二版课文原文

学术英语理工第二版课文原文

学术英语理工第二版课文原文Here is an essay on the topic "Academic English Engineering Second Edition Textbook Original Text" with over 1000 words, written in English without any additional punctuation marks.The academic English textbook for engineering students is a crucial tool for developing proficiency in the language for specialized fields of study The second edition of this text provides a comprehensive coverage of the essential language skills required for effective communication in the engineering domain The textbook is structured to cater to the diverse needs of learners from various educational and linguistic backgrounds ensuring that the content is accessible and engaging for all studentsThe first section of the textbook focuses on developing fundamental English language skills such as reading comprehension vocabulary building and grammar usage These foundational elements are essential for students to be able to understand and articulate technical concepts with clarity and precision The reading passages included in this section are carefully selected to expose learners to the style and discourse of academic and professional engineering literature Vocabulary exercises target domain-specific terminology aswell as general academic words that are frequently encountered in technical texts Grammatical structures are explained and practiced in the context of engineering-related tasks and scenarios ensuring that students gain a solid grasp of the language systems required for effective communication in their field of studyThe second part of the textbook delves into the core competencies of academic writing and oral presentation skills for engineers Writing assignments range from summaries and responses to research papers and technical reports guiding students through the various stages of the writing process from planning and drafting to revising and editing Particular emphasis is placed on developing skills in organizing ideas coherently structuring paragraphs logically and employing appropriate academic conventions and rhetorical devices Oral communication skills are addressed through activities focused on delivering clear and engaging technical presentations utilizing effective visual aids and responding confidently to questions from the audienceIn addition to the comprehensive coverage of language skills the textbook also incorporates a strong emphasis on developing critical thinking and problem-solving abilities essential for success in the engineering profession Case studies and real-world scenarios are integrated throughout the lessons encouraging students to analyze complex issues apply theoretical concepts to practical situations andpropose innovative solutions Collaborative learning activities further stimulate critical thinking as learners engage in discussions debates and group projects to explore engineering-related challenges from multiple perspectivesThe pedagogical approach adopted in this textbook is driven by the principles of learner-centered instruction and task-based learning The content and activities are designed to be highly interactive and engaging fostering an environment where students actively participate in the learning process rather than passively receiving information Ample opportunities are provided for learners to practice the target language skills in meaningful contexts that mirror the authentic communication scenarios they will encounter in their academic and professional livesFurthermore the textbook incorporates a robust digital component that enhances the learning experience for students Online resources such as interactive exercises multimedia presentations and virtual simulations supplement the print materials allowing for personalized learning pathways and extended practice beyond the classroom setting The digital platform also facilitates seamless collaboration among learners and enables instructors to monitor progress provide feedback and customize the learning content based on the needs of their studentsOverall the academic English textbook for engineering students in its second edition represents a comprehensive and innovative approach to language learning for specialized fields of study The judicious balance between developing foundational skills and cultivating critical thinking abilities coupled with the integration of digital tools and resources ensures that learners are equipped with the linguistic competence and cognitive skills required to excel in their academic pursuits and future engineering careers。

学术英语(理工)详解答案-Unit-5

学术英语(理工)详解答案-Unit-5

126of the influence of GM soya on the birthrate and
survival
3 of the offspring of Wistar rats?
① A group of female rats fed by GM soya flour before
mating and pregnancy; ② A control group of females fed by traditional soya; ③ A positive control group received feed without any soya.
Unit 5
Writing an Academic
Essay
1 Definition
CoEmnphlaentecitnhgeyfolulorwaicnagdexmpircelsasniognusagoer sentences.
12 resources of cultivable (可耕种的) land 13 temper (缓和) criticism with reason 14 lobby (游说……以争取) for the funds 15 He is at the leading-edge (领先地位). 16 a(n) array (一系列) of information 17 be deficient (缺乏的) in nutrition 18 be restricted (限制) to adults 19 unfounded (没有根据的) suspicions 20 Coal can be converted (使转变) to gas. 21 a(n) devastating (毁灭性的) hurricane 22 staple (主要的) exports of this country 23 transform (转变) dream into reality

学术英语(理工)翻译text15

学术英语(理工)翻译text15

Text 15 转基因食物-养育了世界?1.如果你想在晚宴上引发一场激烈的争论,那就提出转基因食物这个话题。

对许多人来说,转基因,高科技农作物生产的概念产生了各种各样的环境,健康,安全和伦理问题。

尤其在有着长期农业生产传统的国家和绿色团体中。

这种观点(转基因和高科技农业生产的概念)似乎是反自然的。

2.事实上,转基因食物已经深入且成为我们生活的一部分了。

根据农业部显示,去年,美国种植的三分之一的玉米和超过一半的大豆,棉花都是生物技术的产品。

今年,在美国将有超过6500万英亩的转基因玉米被种植。

基因在瓶子外了。

3.然而,有一些非常明确的现实问题需要去解决。

像一些食品进入食物链一样,转基因食物必须经过严格的测试。

在富裕国家,关于生物问题的讨论淡化了,因为我们有丰富的食物可供选择,而且供应远远超过我们的需求。

在迫切希望养活快速增长和营养不良的人口的发展中国家,这个问题更为简单且更为紧急:生物技术的优点超过风险吗?4.有关人口增长和饥饿的统计数据令人不安。

去年世界人口达到60亿。

联合国估计,到2050年,可能会接近90亿。

几乎所有的增长都发生在发展中国家。

同时,根据ISAAA数据显示,世界人均可耕种土地正在下降。

从1960年开始,适于耕种的土地就在稳定地下降而且50年之后,会减少一半以上。

5.联合国估计世界上有接近8亿的人处于营养不良的阶段。

这个影响是毁灭性的。

大约有4亿处于生育年龄的女性缺铁,意味着他们的孩子很可能具有各种各样的先天性缺陷。

多达1亿的孩子缺乏维他命A,这是失明的主要原因。

数千万的人由于缺乏食物遭受着其他的一些疾病和营养不良。

6.生物技术能够如何帮助呢?生物学家已经开发出了富含身体能够将其转化成维他命A的β胡萝卜素的转基因大米和额外的铁元素。

他们现在正在研究其他种类的营养提供作物。

在一些地方,由于病虫,干旱,土壤缺乏和作物病毒,细菌或真菌导致的作物损害,使粮食欠收,食物短缺,生物技术也可以提高这些地方的农作物产量。

《英语学术论文写作教程》教学课件 Unit 6 Abstract

《英语学术论文写作教程》教学课件 Unit 6 Abstract

Abstract
Questions: 3. What tenses are used in this abstract? How are these
tenses used?
Past tense and present tense are used in this abstract. The opening statement and the purpose of the research are in the present. The past tense is used in the discussion about the methodology, results and conclusion.
英语学术论文写作教程
Unit 6 Abstract
Overview
An abstract is an overview of a research paper. It always appears at the beginning of the paper, acting as the point-of-entry. An abstract may explicitly or implicitly give information about Research Background, Introduction, Objectives, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, providing readers with brief preview about the whole study, upon which many readers depend to decide whether to read the entire paper or not. Therefore, as your first readers, publishers of some journals may determine a rejection of your manuscript by skimming the abstract alone.

学术英语理工综述范文

学术英语理工综述范文

学术英语理工综述范文English:In recent years, academic research in the field of science and technology has been increasingly focused on the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge and the application of advanced technologies. This trend has led to the emergence of a new genre of academic writing known as the engineering and technology literature review. This type of literature review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of existing research and developments in a specific area of engineering or technology. To achieve this, authors typically draw on a wide range of sources, including academic journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports. By synthesizing and evaluating these sources, authors are able to identify key trends, gaps, and challenges in the field, and propose new directions for future research. Furthermore, the use of advanced technologies such as data mining and machine learning has enabled researchers to conduct more comprehensive and systematic literature reviews, leading to a deeper understanding of complex engineering and technological issues. Overall, the academic English used in engineering and technology literature reviews plays acrucial role in disseminating valuable knowledge and insights to a global audience of researchers and practitioners.Translated content:近年来,科技领域的学术研究越来越关注跨学科知识的整合和先进技术的应用。

学术英语理工类课后题答案

学术英语理工类课后题答案

Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed belowwith the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from(从……到)arise from some misunderstandings(来自于对……误解)leaves a lot of problems unsolved(留下很多问题没有得到解决)opens a path for(打开了通道)requires a different frame of mind(需要有新的思想)4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人(或即使造成危害,但并非故意而为),而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。

学术英语理工类课后题答案

学术英语理工类课后题答案

Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed belowwith the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from(从……到)arise from some misunderstandings(来自于对……误解)leaves a lot of problems unsolved(留下很多问题没有得到解决)opens a path for(打开了通道)requires a different frame of mind(需要有新的思想)4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人(或即使造成危害,但并非故意而为),而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。

学术英语理工Abstract

学术英语理工Abstract

Text 1Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer i s challenging. This paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside ” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be t aken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits wi ll be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking i ncluding being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol and being preprogram med against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target. The variability of ha cking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex password s, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updating antivirus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.Text 3Cloud of computing is allowing you to use services that include infrastructure applications ,and storage space for a nominal fee. It should be able to quickly allot and relieve resou rces whenever required by clients and cater to the needs of clients without having to invo lve clients into management of the service and have real- time backup to offer maximum up time clients. The type of cloud services includes software as a service ,platform as a s ervice ,infrastructure as a service .The advantages of cloud computing under green computi ng include reducing the consumption of electricity while also reducing emissions that dam age the environment ,saving the environment while also saving on the expenses incurred d ue to a demand for expansion ,and allowing you to let you employees telecommute. Then ,here is a summary about the advantages of cloud computing: remote accessibility , easy expansion ,security and environmentally friendly.Text 4Today, “Cloud Computing”has became a popular word. This paper focuses on security benefits of cloud computing. The future of the Internet belongs to the web 3.0, also called the intelligent web which can be seen as a new way of creating and using applications that can run on different devices and having the data stored into the cloud. The cloud means the Internet, and the current cloud computing architecture involves the existence of data centers that are able to provide services to the clients located all over the world. The cloud clients could be regular PCs, mobile phones, PDAs or any other similar devices. Cloud computing allows to move the processing effort from the local devices to the data center facilities. In these conditions, the security of data and applications becomes a very a major issue. The cloud computing has lots of advantages, of course there are some disadvantages. And the cloud computing provides some major security benefits for individuals or companies. Such as centralized data storage monitoring of data access become easier and so on. Cloud computing is still at the beginning. So the list remains wide open for newentries. Today, the information infrastructure is moving faster to a simple but very innovative concept called cloud computing. Many devices are cloud compatible in this context. Cloud computing is potentially able to offer major security benefits.Text 5With the development of social and technology, Artificial intelligence may replace human jobs in the future. There are a lot of news that reported artificial intelligence has play a important role in our life. For decades. People wrote about how machines replace humans. It will be better or ill. But all expected did not come. Around the time of the Revolution. Most of Americans worked in the farm. They farmed to keep themselves alive. With the development of traffic. Farming increasingly became a cash business. But as the agricultural industry grew, there are fewer and fewer workers who worked at farming and ranching. Today agricultural provides fewer than two million jobs. Because of automation happened. It bring better plows, planting and sowing machines. Agricultural become more and more scientific. The farmers’ children found new kinds of jobs in the city, they do not like stay on the farm. The early water-and-steam-powered factories also displace millions of craftsmen, because machine-handing factory workers made the goods better than the goods made by craftsmen. So that the number of factory jobs growing rapidly at that time. The automation of farming, craft work and manufacturing made products. Among them, food become cheaper and cheaper, so people can save money from food, then spend money on other expensive goods. Will A.I. machines take over the best occupations? The author is optimist and may not agree that machines will replace human jobs.Text 6Game theory Game theory is the science of strategy and was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John V on Neumann. In the early years the emphasis was on games of pure conflict. Other games were considered in a cooperative form. Games are different from decisions made in a neutral environment. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. There are two distinct typesof strategic interdependence:sequential and simultaneous. The logical circle is squared using a concept of equilibrium developed by the Princeton mathemat cian John Nash. Nash’s notion of equilibrium remains an incomplete solution to the problem of circular reasoning in simultaneous-move games. Some games have many such equilibrium while others have none. And this notion has some flaws. In spite of it,the concept has proved extremely useful in analyzing many strategic interactions. There are some examples of strategic interaction illustrate some of the fundmentals of game the ry:the prisoners’dilemma,mixing moves and strategic moves. Recent advances in game theory have succeeded in describing and prescribing appropriate strategies in several situations of conflict and cooperation. But the theory is far away from complete,and in many ways the design of successful strategy remains an art.Text 8At the begin of this article ,it states that there are unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence scientists dedicated to the study of a world so small that we can’t see it—even with a light microscope and tells us the important of nanotechnology .Then in order to understand the unusual world ofnanotechnology ,we need to get an idea of the units of measure involved .The long of one nanometer is so small .When we measure the atomic scale ,we can find that it’s still small compare to the nannmeter ,But in a lecture called “Small Wonders :The World of Nanoscience ”,Nobel Prize winner Dr .Horst Stormer said that the nanoscale is more interstesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point where we can assemble something—it’s not until we start putting atoms together that we can make anything useful .Then the article states that some predictions of nanotechnology such as the use of the rule of quantum mechanics ,nanorobot .It states that there great value in nanotechnology in future.Text 9Global warming has been a global issue for many years now.However, the most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years. It causes the oceans warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation. Another area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature.The number of animals has been decreasing and the various disease has spread to new regions across the globe. A third type of evidence of global warming can be found in plants. The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere. Throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming. The issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy. Scientists directly link disease to global warming. When people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation. In conclusion, the world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming. And the mitigation of global warming, we should do from ourselves, from the little things around.Text 10This article introduces what is global warming firstly, moreover there is a dispute lies in whether or not the global warming caused by human or results from the natural turnabout. There is a series figure point out that during the past 70 years, the earth has been hotter than at any other time in the last millennium which only spend few decades. The rising temperature trend can not be explained simply, it’s a consequence of 2 centuries of pollution .What’s more, due to the inherent inertia of this trend , we cannot immediately stop but only slow down. In fact, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are rising for a long time ,moderating temperature swings and extremes, but our pollution is now strongly enhancing this greenhouse effect. However because the climate machine is complex, the sunspot cycle also play a role in it as well as volcanic eruptions. Attempting to pin down the true variation in global temperatures over the past thousand years is difficult because there still are evidences which can deny it. But of course , this was not the intention of the experiment at all . Indeed ,it is only in recent decades that the pollution effect of human activities on the global environment has been thought of in these terms. Even if both temperatures and sea levels would continue to rise for centuries to come, we are going to face the changes to our environment. And our children and their descendants are going to find the earth a very different place.Text 11The principal risks associated with nuclear power arise from health effects of radiation.The radiation mainly comes form the radioactive material.They can penetrate deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer. If they strike sex cells, they can cause genetic diseases in progeny.But the rate of the latter is far less than the former. Reactor accidents is also one of the risk of nuclear power.But the nuclear power plant design strategy for preventing accidents ,back-up system and mitigating their potenti al effects is “defence in depth”, so they happen probability is exceedingly small. If they all fails,very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.The radioactive waste products from the nuclear industry must be isolated from contact with people for very long time periods. The bulk of the radioactivity is contained in the spent fuel, which is quite small in volume and therefore easily handled with great care. At other radiation problems,for example, exploitation of materials and transport of radioactive materials also produce radiation.The effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is handled.Text 15Genetically modified food caused a fierce debate in the modern society, especially in long agrarian tradition and vocal green lobbies in the country。

学术英语理工类Unit-1答案

学术英语理工类Unit-1答案

1. Critical Reading Critical thinking (asking questions)
To identify the author’s motives or the purpose of writing, you can ask questions such as: •What is the theme / main argument of…? •Is the author trying to persuade readers or merely provide information? •Might the author have a hidden purpose? •What are the author’s presumptions and bias? •Does the author support one side of a controversy or appear impartial? •Does the author’s attitude lie implicit in the text?
It can allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if there is some doubt about your findings.
1. Critical Reading How to read research articles
4. What are the contents of the discussion section? It may evaluate the research results fully, point out what questions remain unanswered and perhaps suggest directions for further research.

学术英语理工类课后题答案

学术英语理工类课后题答案

Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from(从……到)arise from some misunderstandings(来自于对……误解)leaves a lot of problems unsolved(留下很多问题没有得到解决)opens a path for(打开了通道)requires a different frame of mind(需要有新的思想)4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人(或即使造成危害,但并非故意而为),而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。

学术英语写作Unit-6-Notice-of-Abstract-or-Paper-Acceptanc

学术英语写作Unit-6-Notice-of-Abstract-or-Paper-Acceptanc
• The abstract should contain all necessary information. Texts which merely give a general description of the subject cannot be accepted. Abstracts which considerably exceed the length prescribed above can equally be rejected. The acceptance or rejection of an abstract, and similarly of a presentation, whether oral or poster, will be the decision of relevant convener or reviewer.
Why is a letter of acceptance written?
• To extend best wishes or regards to the writer.
• To inform the writer that his abstract or paper has been accepted by the conference committee and he is expected to attend the conference if possible.
1. Letter of Abstract or Paper Acceptance
• Why is a letter of acceptance written? • What should be included in the letter? • What is the format of an acceptance letter?

学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 2

学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 2

highlighted texts such as words in bold or italic text;
graphs, tables or diagrams.
Unit 2 Searching for Information
2 Scanning and skimming
1 What does “A.I.” in the title stand for? Artificial intelligence. 2 What is the main idea of the article you may predict from the title? The article may argue for/again the idea that Artificial intelligence will replace human jobs in the future. 3 What does the story in the first paragraph imply? The story tells that computerization threatens to replace
To evaluate source materials
Is the material a primary or a secondary source? Is the source the latest one? Is the author a reliable scholar or an expert in the field? Does the author have biases or prejudices? Has the author been cited frequently in the field? Are the author’s arguments supported by evidence such as statistics, experiment, recent scientific findings? Are different opinions considered and weighed or simply ignored ? Are the author’s arguments and conclusions convincing?

学术英语理工类课后题 详解答案

学术英语理工类课后题 详解答案

Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from(从……到)arise from some misunderstandings(来自于对……误解)leaves a lot of problems unsolved(留下很多问题没有得到解决)opens a path for(打开了通道)requires a different frame of mind(需要有新的思想)4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人(或即使造成危害,但并非故意而为),而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。

《学术英语(理工类)》课后题答案

《学术英语(理工类)》课后题答案

Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with thehelp of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from(从……到)arise from some misunderstandings(来自于对……误解)leaves a lot of problems unsolved(留下很多问题没有得到解决)opens a path for(打开了通道)requires a different frame of mind(需要有新的思想)4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人(或即使造成危害,但并非故意而为),而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。

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题目:转基因食物“能够养活世界吗”
摘要:
转基因食品在现代社会引起了一场激烈的争论,特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保
的游说集团的国家里。

事实上,转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分,转基因利用生物技术不仅可以提高把
农业总产量提高25%,帮助防止作物收割后遭受损失,而且可以提高食物的营养价值,缓解世
界的营养不良问题,利用生物技术还可以帮助提高因虫害、干旱、土壤贫瘠和作物病毒、细菌或
真菌导致作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。

尽管具有这么多潜力,生物技术还远远不能解决全部问题,生物技术也无法克服在发展中国
家分配粮食的难题,许多的转基因产品,通常过于昂贵无法到达最需要的地方,现在发展中国家正在进行越来越多的生物技术研究。

但是,为扩大遗传学研究对这些国家的
粮食生产的影响,政府各部门(包括当地政府部门和发达国家的政府部门)与私营生物技术公司之
间需要更好的合作。

主要单词:转基因食物,生物技术农业粮食发展中国家饥饿
Abstract:
Genetically modified food caused a fierce debate in the modern society, especially in long agrarian tradition and vocal green lobbies in the country。

In fact, genetically modified food has become very much a part of our lives, the transgenic biological technology can not only improve the total agricultural output increased by 25%, and help the losses prevent the crops after the harvest,but also can improve the nutritional value of the food, to alleviate malnutrition problem in the world, the use of biological technology can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.
Although it has so much potential, biological technology can not solve all the problems, biotech cannot overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries, many transgenic products may be too expensive not where it is most needed.
Now More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries.But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies
keywords : Genetically modified food、Agricultural、Biotechnology developing countries、food、 hunger.。

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