2019届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破：热点话题

热点话题一、阅读理解1. Social media is one of the fastest growing industries in today’s world.A study conducted by the US Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily. The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.• Changing relationshipsHigh school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face- to-face communication. “It makes in-person relationships harder because of people’s attention given to their phones inste ad of their boyfriends or girlfriends,” Cooper said.Yet, some people believe social media has made it easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere. Beth Kaplan from Illinois met herlong-distance friend through social media. He currently lives inScotland, but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other. “I can feel close to someone that I’m talking to via FaceTime,” Kaplan said.• Wanting to be “liked”The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19- year-old Essena O’Neill announced on the social networking service Instagram that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online. Negative comments also can do great damage to a teenag er’s self-esteem. Teenagers who get negative comments can’t help but feel hurt.• Opening new doorsHowever, Armin Korsos, a student from Illinois, takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site YouTube. “Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before,” Korsos said.1.Who met the long-distance friend through social media?A.Elly Cooper.B.Beth Kaplan.C.Essena O’Neill.D.Armin Korsos.2.What does Essena O’Neill think of social media?A.It hurts her seriously.B.It promotes friendship.C.It upsets her sometimes.D.It develops confidence.3.What is the topic of the text?A.Teenagers’ attitude toward social media.B.Social media’s influence on teenagers.C.A recent study conducted in the US.D.New ways of self-improvement.2 Younger students experience school bullying (欺凌) more frequently than older ones, and male students are bullied more than their female peers, a survey found.It also found that nearly half of students had been intentionally hit or knocked down by classmates. About 6 percent said they are targeted by bullies on campus every day. The survey also found that students from ordinary schools experienced more bullying than peers from key institutions, and children from poor families are more likely to be bullied at school.Being bullied can have a negative impact on a child’s personal development and academic performance, according to Zhou Jinyan, a researcher who led the study at Beijing Normal University. “Children being bullied will find it hard to trust others,” Zhou said. “They may often feel anxiety, anger, resentment or depression. These emotions will further undermine their ability to co ntrol their own life.”In recent years, bullying on Chinese campuses has been frequently reported and has attracted widespread attention and concern. The most recent incident to arouse heated discussions took place in December at Beijing’s Zhong guan c un No.2 Primary School. A fourth-grade student was bullied and laughed at by classmates, causing him acute stress disorder.The Supreme People’s Procuratorate (最高人民检察院) received about 1,900 cases related to school bullying in 2016. Meanwhile, there was a notable increase in bullying reports involving middle school students from 14 to 18 years old.Zhou came up with some ways to solve the problem, including boosting communication between teachers, parents and students and trying to establish more harmonious relationships among children. She said it was strongly suggested that parents try to be involved in their children’s educational experience, as their presence and companionship have proved effective in reducing bullying and its negative effects.1.Who is the most likely to become the target of bullying?A.A 10-year-old girl from a key schoolB.A 10-year-old boy from a poor familyC.A 17-year-old boy from a rich familyD.A 17-year-old girl from an ordinary school2.Being bullied will cause students to go through the following EXCEPT _____.A.a drop in academic performanceB.a lack of trust in other peopleC.a drop in the sense of depressionD.a lack of confidence in themselves3.We can learn from the text that _____.A.bullying at school usually leads to acute stress disorderB.bullying on campus has been brought into sharp focus by the mediaC.students who enjoy parents’ companionship will be bullying-freeD.the government should consider taking further action against bullying at school4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Bullying affects half of studentsB.Negative effects on children caused by bullyingC.Is anything we can do about bullying?D.The reasons for bullying on campus3. During the first decade of the 21st century, a popular and new word has come into our vocabulary. That word is Facebook. This is the most popular social networking website on the Internet. There are about 350 million active users on this website. The main idea of Facebook is that you can keep in touch with all your friends around the world who has Facebook. In the 350 million users on Facebook, 67% of them are between the ages of 13-25. More than 35 million users update their status every day. 2.5 billion Photos are added each month.The highest age groups who use Facebook are teenagers. Most of them keep the website running whenever they are using the computer and general teens nowadays are always on the computer, if they aren’t in school or when they aren’t asleep. I feel that teens should focus on their schoolwork or be socializing with their friends in person or exercising. Facebook is just changing the new generation of youngsters completely because the teenage life is one of the most important stages of life and wasting it on Facebook is not encouraging this in any way. It is also a complete distraction (分心) to their mind, for they would turn to Facebook just to check if there was anything updated among their friends.Remember back in the good old days, when teens would do their homework handwritten, play sports and hang out with friends. Today, most teens would only speak to their friends on Facebook, while we can see them battling obesity as they stare at their friend’s message on their wall. In summary, teens don’t have a life because they are on Facebook 24/7, except for those who don t use Facebook or occasionally do.Facebook is also where people can see the conflicts among their friends, virtual arguments, relationship status and updates, who is in whose ‘top friends, and so on. You can join groups, post pictures and videos, play games, and invite friends to parties. Mainly, all this would just disturb people into living life to its fullest.1.The figures in Paragraph 1 are mentioned______.A.to show Facebook’s increasing popularityB.to present the influence of the InternetC.to attract more teens to use FacebookD.to prove our life pace is getting higher2.Facebook influences teens mostly in that_______.A.it shortens teens, sleeping timeB.it encourages teens to change their lifeC.it wastes teens, time and distracts their mindD.it holds teens back from communicating with others3.The author would probably approve the following teens’ behaviors EXCEPT_______.A.doing their homework handwrittenB.hanging out with friends moreC.battling obesity by playing sportsD.speaking to friends on Facebook frequently4.What would be the best title for the text?A.Facebook Wastes Teens’ LifeB.How to Live Your Life to the FullestC.Technology Destroys a New GenerationD.Modem Communications Brings about Problems4. Nowadays,parents worry a lot because their children spend hours and hours in front of the TV screen.Because this doesn’t happen to only one specific family,many experts warn us that there can be some serious effects of children watching violence (暴力)on television.Children who become addicted(上瘾的) to TV sit down and turn on the TV as soon as they get home.Although they have lots of homework,they become absorbed in TV programs.Since they spend tons of time watching TV,they have less time to enjoy real life activities such as playing with friends,playing outdoor sports,or enjoying other kinds of entertainment.There are too many violent scenes on TV.Some experts say there are 25 acts of violence per hour on TV.In addition,there are many experiments by psychologists which show how TV violence influences children.Finally,people worry that children tend to imitate what they watch on TV and may start to behave more violently.What should be done? First of all,the government should regulate TV violence.It should also encourage people to invent and develop new technology which can block violent scenes from the programs children watch.For example,with a rating system(分级制度) and the V-chip,unfit scenes of violence and sex can be blocked out.Second,parents should monitor what their children watch.At the same time,they should make their children interested in real life activities.Then when the children start to spend more time playing with friends or reading books,parents can stop their monitoring.It is a fact that there is more violence on TV today than there was ten years ago.Moreover,violent incidents occur more frequently in real life.It’s time to realize how harmful watching TV violence is,and it’s time to keep our children from watching violence.1.What experts really worry is that _____.A.children spend too much time watching TV violence has a bad influence on childrenC.children become addicted to TV programsD.children have less time to do their homework2.The author explain how the government should control TV violence by _______.A.giving an exampleB.giving a definitionC.making a comparisonD.presenting research findings3.What does the underlined word “imitate” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A.Explain.B.Copy.C.Ignore.D.Avoid.4.What is the author’s purpose for writing this text?A.To express his own worries about TV violence.B.To ask parents to take good care of their children.C.To inform readers of the latest situation about TV violence.D.To call on the whole society to save children from violence.5. It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages(堵塞) that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship (公路驾车技能). Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1.According to the passage, troubles on the road are often caused by _______.A.the great speed of modern lifeB.traffic jamsC.terrible road conditionsD.the behavior of the drivers2.In the writer’s opinion, a good driver should ______.A.beat back when forced to face rude drivingB.show road politeness properlyC.join in traffic stream quickly however other people feelD.encourage old ladies to cross the roads whenever they want to3.The underlined word “give-and-take” in the passage means ______.A.politeness and impolitenessB.willingness to give in to each other’s wishesC.offering help to others as much as possibleD.good manners and bad manners4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Road politenessB.Traffic problemsC.Good mannersD.Modern drivers6. Recently I spoke to some of my students about what they wanted to do after they graduated, and what kind of job prospects they thought they had.Given that I teach students who are trained to be doctors, I was surprised to find that most thought that they would not be able to get the jobs they wanted without “outside help”.“What kind of help is that?” I asked, expecting them to tell me that they would need a relative or family friend to help them out.“Surgery(外科手术)," one replied. I was pretty alarmed by that response. lt seems that the graduates of today are increasingly willing to go under the knife to get ahead of others when it comes to getting a job. One girl told me that she was considering surgery to increase her height. “The y break your legs, put in special extending screws, and slowly expand the gap between the two ends of the bones as they regrows. You can get at least 5cm taller!”At that point, I was shocked. I am short. I can’t deny that, but I don’t think I woul d pul myself through months of agony(痛苦) just to be a few centimeters taller. I don’t even bother to wear shoes with thick soles, as I’m not trying to hide the fact that I am just not tall!It seems to me that there is a trend toward wanting “perfection”, and that is an ideal that just does not exist in reality.No one is born perfect, yet magazines, TV shows and movies present images of thin, tall, beautiful people as being the norm. Advertisements for slimming aids, beauty treatments and cosmetic surgery clinics fill the pages of newspapers, further creating an idea that “perfection” is a requirement,and that it must be purchased, no matter what the cost is. In my opinion, skills, rather than appearance, should determine how successful a person is in his chosen career.1.We can know from the passage that the author works as ______.A.a doctorB.a modelC.a teacherD.a reporter2.Many graduates today turn to cosmetic surgery to______.A.marry a better man\womanB.become a modelC.get an advantage over others in job-huntingD.attract more admirers3.According to the passage, the author believes that ______.A.everyone should pursue perfection, whatever the cost isB.it’s right for graduates to ask for others to help them out in hunting for jobsC.media are to blame for misleading young people in their seeking for surgeryD.it is one’s appearance instead of skills that really matters in one’s career4.What does the author think of his height?A.He hates to be called a short man.B.He tries to increase his height through surgery.C.He always wears shoes with thick soles to hide the fact.D.He just accepts it as it is7. Each year,millions of children around the world are unable to go to school.To draw attention to this widespread problem,the United Nations (UN) is putting education first.Recently,the UN screened a documentary film called Back to School.The film is the second in a series of documentaries (纪录片) for the project Time for School.These films follow seven children from seven different countries.This12-year project began in 2003,when the children first started school.“This is something we could do to help the education crisis in the world,”said producer and writer Judy Katz.“Documentary film-makers can get deeply involved in a problem and do something about it.”More than 100 million children will never set foot in a school.Sixty percent of those children are girls.Cheryl Faye,head of the UN Girls Education Initiative,spoke about the many factors that prevent girls from getting an education.One problem is the long distance many children must travel to get to school.Also,girls in many cultures are traditionally expected to marry early and work to help their families.“We need to make a special effort for girls,”Faye said.As part of the UN’s Millennium goals,the organization wants every single child to get at least an elementary education by 2025.Students from Lawrence Middle School in New York were deeply moved after they saw the film.The seventh-grade class is raising money to help build a library on the outskirts of Nairobi,Kenya,where Joab—a child in the documentary—lives.The class teacher,Karen Weiner,and the class are known in their school as the “Kenya crew”.All the kids were really happy to support Joab and said they felt great about their fund-raising efforts.Like the seventh-graders at Lawrence Middle School,kids can work together to make a difference in places like Nairobi.By raising money for education,kids can help children on the other side of the world have a chance ofa better,happier life.1.What’s the purpose of the UN screening the documentary film Back to School?A.To raise awareness of the need for global education.B.To show the achievements which have been made in the past few years.C.To raise funds for global education.D.To encourage all the children to come back to school.2.Special efforts should be made for girls because_________.A.sixty percent of the children in the world are girlsB.more than 100 million girls will never go to schoolC.most of the girls are tired of going to schoolD.more than one half of the children who never go to school are girls3.Which of the following could not be the factor that prevents girls from getting an education?A.Long distance from school.B.Being born weak.C.Helping work for the family.D.Early marriage.4.Why are the class teacher,Karen Weiner,and the class considered as “Kenya crew”?A.Because they are trying their great efforts to raise money for the education of Kenya children.B.Because they are actors in the documentary film Back to School.C.Because they are mostly from Kenya,where the child in the documentary lives.D.Because they all have the same experience as Joab,the Kenya child.8. A new study of 8,000 young people in the journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression. The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all.The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”. According to the study, even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”, this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They won’t tell that to their parents.Dr Marianm Kaufman, an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.Parents should watch for signs of depression—eating or mood changes—and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young, but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.1.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Puppy love may bring young people depression.B.Parents should forbid their children's love.C.Romance is a two-edged sword for adults.D.Romance is good for young people.2.Which of the following is more likely to have depression?A.Young people who have a strong sense of self.B.Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior.C.Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.D.Careless parents whose children are deep in love.3.What can be inferred from the passage?cking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.B.Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.C.Parents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression.D.The older a woman is, the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.4.What’s the author’s attitude towards puppy love?A.ConfusedB.DisapprovingC.DisinterestedD.Scared9. Cheating is nothing new. But it’s becoming a lot more sophistica ted. Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin was caught out once. A photo taken after the speech she’d given on a “return to conservative principles” showed her left hand covered with crib notes. These included the words “energy, budget cuts, ta x” and “lift Americans’ spirits”. The word “budget” had been crossed out. Video footage also showed her reading from her hand when asked what top three things a conservative-led congress should do. Writing notes on your hand is one way to cheat in an exam. But these days, it’s a lot easier ... especially with the Internet.Anyone who wants to cheat in an exam can probably find the answers online. There are hundreds of sites offering solutions to all sorts of tests. And it’s a lucrative business. One operator in Oregon made $700,000 in about nine months before his arrest. The owner of a website in Ohio pocketed more than $300,000. And a famous overseas site is estimated to sell about 146,000 sets of answers and take in about $10 million per year. Actually, getting hold of the exam answers isn’t that hard. Some do the exam themselves and use button cameras or document-scanning pens to copy the tests. Others organize for a group to take tests repeatedly until they can memorize the entire exam between them. Others simply bribe exam administrators.At the moment, such business is booming. More and more companies now require their employees to take professional exams. And hundreds of businesses and trade organizations have introduced formal certification programs to measure employee skills. In theUSalone, at least 2 million exams are taken every year for information technology certification. But employees also have to take exams for all sorts of professions from crane operators to court reporters to school bus drivers and financial planners. Test officials estimate that hundreds of thousands oftest-takers have used the Internet to buy answers for professional tests. And a recent survey found that 28 percent of test centres had at least one cheating incident over the last five years. In one incident, tens of thousands of soldiers obtained answers to tests in a range of military skills.Many see this as a cause for concern. Many tests are for work in sensitive areas such as defence installations and hospitals. Now, how would you feel if youknew that the people in charge of the computers controlling nuclear weapons might have cheated in their tests, and may not really know what they’re doing?1.Why does the author mention Sarah Palin in the first paragraph?A.To exhibit the fact that cheating is common in various fields.B.To discourage average people from writing notes on their hands.C.To show much disagreement as to cheating among political leaders.D.To introduce the negative influences of cheating in front of the public.2.The underlined word “lucrative” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.A.ripeB.stableC.profitableD.fresh3.What is the main cause of more cases of cheating?A.The formation of employee skills.B.The availability of information technology.C.The popularity of the cheating industry.D.The requirement of taking professional exams.10. Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according toa Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Children’s reading habits.B.Quality of children’s books.C.Children’s after-class activities.D.Parent-child relationships.2.Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"?A.In paragraph 2.B.In paragraph 3.C.In paragraph 4.D.In paragraph 5.3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm children’s he alth.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask then to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.参考答案一、阅读理解1.答案：1.B;2.C;3.B解析：答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A3.答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D;4.A解析：Facebook这是互联网上最流行的社交网站。