阅读第四次训练
文言文阅读第四次马彦莉

从这一章的后半部分来看,从"听起言而信其行"到"听其言而观其行",可知真正让孔子难过的是宰予这个人言而无 信。可能他之前向孔子保证自己白天肯定不睡觉,孔子信了,但是没想到发现宰予还是犯了这个毛病,于是破口大 骂并发出了这个感慨。
食。性嗜酒,家贫,不能常得,亲旧知其如
特别爱好
亲戚、老朋友 这种情况
此,或置酒而招之。
喜欢读书,不过分在字句上下功夫,每当对书中 意旨有所领会,就高兴得连饭都忘了吃。他有嗜酒的 天性,家里穷,经常没有酒喝。亲戚朋友知道他有这 种嗜好,有时摆了酒席来招待他。
真题训练
1、本文选自《陶渊明》集,作者陶__渊_明__,东_晋____(朝代靖)人节,先谥生号_____。
宰予①昼寝②。子③曰:“朽木④不可雕⑤也,粪土之墙 不可杇⑥(wū)也。于予与何诛⑦?”子曰:"始吾于人也, 听其言而信其行;今吾于人 也,听其言而观其行。于 予与改是。"
[注释] ①宰予:孔子的学生。 ②昼寝:大白天睡觉。 ③子:古代对男子的美称。④朽木: 腐烂的木头。 ⑤雕:雕刻。 ⑥杇:本指用灰泥抹墙的工具,这里指粉刷墙壁。 ⑦于予与何诛:于:对于;予:宰予;与:语气词,无实在意义;诛:谴责,责备。
秦汉之间流传着一句话"以容取人,失之子羽;以言取人,失之宰予",说的就是孔子。子羽,又称澹台灭明,是孔 子的学生,但是相貌丑陋,不为孔子重视,但是是一位贤人;而宰予,在孔子逝世之后,同样是被奉为"十贤"之一, 所以这么优秀的学生挨骂恐怕不是不爱学习,上课睡觉,更多可能是因为言而无信吧。
六年级下册课外阅读训练四

六年级下册课外阅读训练四引路人雨淅淅沥沥地下个不停。
在密密的雨帘中,街上的行人稀少。
我不禁加快了脚步向前走去。
我只顾低头走路,突然把身旁的一个行人撞了一下。
我连忙抬起头来,只见一位双目失明的老人扶住了路旁的墙壁,才没有倒下去。
“对不起,对不起!”我连声道歉。
“噢,噢,不要紧。
”这时,我心里感到一阵不安,忙说:“大伯,我扶你回去吧。
”说着,就伸出手搀扶着他。
“太谢谢了,小姑娘。
”他感动地说。
我搀扶着他一起走,突然,我被什么东西绊了一下差点儿摔倒。
我低头一看,是一块下水道水泥板,就不满地嚷着:“谁把水泥板拿开了,也不放回原处,真缺德!”但一想到身旁的盲人,忙提醒说:“大伯,您这边走,小心绊倒。
”他刚走了一步,随即又停了下来,挣开被我搀扶的手,把手中的拐杖放在一边,蹲下去一边摸索着,一边说:“还会有人走过这里,说不定会被绊倒的。
”不一会儿,他摸到了那块水泥板,又摸到了下水道口,小心翼翼地搬过去把它盖好,然后慢慢地站起来伸手在衣袋里摸手绢。
这时,我的心灵受到猛烈的一震,连忙拿出自己洁白的手绢,放在他那双沾满泥水的手中。
我的眼睛湿泄了。
我仿佛看见他那双模糊的眼睛在闪光。
是的,我看见了他那颗火热透明的心,一颗时时能够想到别人的心。
雨仍在下着,我搀扶着他,继续向前走着,走着……在通往他家的这条路上,我是他的引路人;而在学习做人的道路上他却是我很好的引路人。
I11请你用“〜一~”画出第四自然段中联想的句子;用“一”在文中画出一处细节描写。
2.请你选择。
(1)下面几句话中,哪一句最能确切反映文章的中心思想的一项是()①文章赞扬了小姑娘乐意为盲人做好事的好行为,好品质。
②文章赞扬了盲人伯伯时时为别人着想的美好心灵。
③文章赞扬了盲人伯伯为别人着想的美好心灵,表达了小姑娘要像盲人伯伯那样做人的决心。
(2)解释短文画横线句子的意思最恰当的一项是()。
①下雨天,我扶着双目失明的老人向前走,是他的向导。
②下雨天,双目失明的超级大国人教我怎样做人。
初中现代文阅读专题训练四(含答案)

初中现代文阅读专题训练(四(一秋季的故事有一位老人和一位少年坐在一棵枫树下的一张长凳上。
那是一个秋风瑟瑟的傍晚。
带着些许凉意的秋风吹指着老人隐约的鹤发和少年茂盛的黑发。
逐渐地,树上的枫叶飘落得愈来愈多 ,有几片飘在老人的膝盖上。
老人捡起一片转过头来对少年说 : “孩子 ,你知道枫叶为何是红的吗?”少年摇摇头。
于是老人讲起它的故事。
在好久好久从前 ,有一对母子住在一座深山里 ,那边长满枫树 ,青翠绿翠的 ,特别艳丽。
他们有一间暖和的小屋。
当晚风吹进小屋时 ,小鸟就会到达窗前起劲地唱歌 ,年青的母亲便带着孩子下地劳作 ,而后上山摘野果、抓野兔 ;当夜幕降暂时 ,母亲便给她的孩子讲故事唱歌谣。
快乐的日子就这样一每日地过去了 ,孩子慢慢地长大。
突然有一天 ,孩子感觉这座山使他厌烦 ,除了花草树木 ,除了飞禽走兽 ,除了阳光雨露 ,除了自然的全部 ,没有其余。
他开始厌烦这全部了 ,却忘了它们以前带他快乐。
他不肯再过这样的生活了 ,但殊不知如何改变这全部。
他把自己的不幸归咎于母亲 ,过去的爱都在这恨中消逝了。
可怜的母亲没法改变孩子的想法 ,却依旧深深爱着他。
她孤单地下地上山 ,小鸟依旧悦耳地歌声只好让她悲伤地想起孩子在身边时的笑语。
逐渐地小屋变得有些悲凉。
日子又一每日地过去。
突然有一天,雷雨交加 ,惊走了全部飞禽走兽。
孩子怕极了 ,躲在母亲的怀里哭 ,哭累后睡着了 ,母亲却一夜未眠。
次日 ,风雨停留 ,但太阳却狠毒地猛晒着。
很多天过去了 ,依旧这样。
外面没有小鸟的声音 ,水源也枯竭了。
家里的最后一粮食都吃完了。
看着孩子干咳着 ,母亲决定出去碰试运气。
孩子挣扎着要跟着去 ,此时他的眼里只有爱。
这是母亲这段日子以来多么希望的事啊 ,可这回她却果断把孩子留在家里。
外面的太阳把它火一般地阳光裹住瘦小的母亲。
放眼看去 ,花草死了 ,树也枯了。
当她踉跄地到达一棵枯树下时 ,枯树张口了 : “好意人 ,给我一点水吧 ,我能够给你一个苹果。
河南省豫南九校2024_2025学年高二语文上学期第四次联考试题

河南省豫南九校2024-2025学年高二语文上学期第四次联考试题(考试时间: 150分钟试卷满分: 150分)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
回溯史学史,可以看到,史学进步发展的动力,是学科自身强大而主动的反省、修复实力,是开放包涵和兼收并蓄的学术精神。
在不同的发展阶段,历史学都曾遭受过不同程度的冷遇和低谷,但随着新材料、新理论和新方法的引入,古老的历史学得以不断地迸发出新的活力。
历史学发生的“数字转向”,便是已知的诸多新变更之一。
自19世纪以来,历史学建立了一整套较为严格缜密的探讨方法、学科体系和职业规范。
仅以对历史资料的收集、整理和考证为例,史料的范围从一般的档案、文献、典籍等,渐渐拓展到考古、图像、数据、口述等文字之外的形式。
最近20年来,历史资料的数字化与数字化原生史料的大量出现,成为历史学“数字转向”的重要标记之一。
关于传统史料的数字化转换,自古以来,就始终存在史料在不同介质和载体之间的转换,如由口述传统向文字书写的过渡,干脆带来了传统史学的诞生;再如碑刻铭文的拓印,文稿的誊写、抄录与印刷,还有一度特别盛行的微缩胶片等,都在肯定程度上推动了历史探讨的进步。
其中,文字书写与近代印刷的独创和应用,对人类的学问生产和传播产生过革命性的影响。
现代数码技术的发展,使得文件的存储、携带、阅读、检索和传播等各方面都发生了质的变更。
单就史料本身而论,数字化使得历史探讨者有可能尽量多地获得、占有和运用史料,并且全面细致地驾驭相关的探讨状况。
但是,海量的史料超出了人类自然的阅读实力,这是之前任何时代都不行想象的新问题。
于是文本、数据库和网络范围内的电子检索,成为今日每一个探讨者日常的基本操作技能;而利用计算机、人工智能和统计学等方法的“数据挖掘”,以及在此基础上绽开的“大数据”模型分析也应运而生。
再来看原生的数字史料,也就是运用数码技术干脆制造产生的各类电子文档、信息和记录。
九年级语文上册阅读专项训练四 小说阅读(同步分析与测评)

阅读专项训练四小说阅读一、(2022·四川眉山中考)阅读下面的文字,回答问题。
(15分)吴召儿孙犁①我们的机关搬到三将台,是个秋天,枣儿正红,芦苇正吐花。
我们来了一群人,不管牛棚马圈全住上,当天就劈柴做饭,上山唱歌,一下就和老乡生活在一块儿了。
②我组织民校妇女识字班,课程第一是唱歌,歌唱会了,剩下的时间就碰球。
山沟的青年妇女们,碰起球来,真是热烈,整个村子被欢笑声浮了起来。
③有一天,我翻着点名册,随便叫了一个名字:“吴召儿!”④我听见哧的一声笑了。
抬头一看,在人群末尾,靠着一根白杨木柱子,站起一个女孩。
她正在背后掩藏一件什么东西,好像是个假手榴弹,坐在一处的女孩子们望着她笑。
她红着脸转过身来,笑着问我:“念书吗?”⑤“对!你念念头一段,声音大点儿。
大家注意!”⑥她端正地立起来,两手捧着书,低下头去,就念开了,书念得非常熟快动听。
就是她这认真的念书态度和声音,不知怎样一下就印进了我的记忆。
下课回来,走过那条小河,我听到了只有在阜平才能听见的那紧张激动的水流的声响,听到在这山草衰白柿叶霜红的山地,还没有飞走的一只黄鹂的叫唤。
⑦十一月反“扫荡”。
我当了一个小组长,我们的向导老不来。
我跑到村长家里去找,一个女孩子跑出来。
穿着一件红棉袄,一个新鲜的白色挂包,斜在她的腰里,装着三颗手榴弹。
⑧“真是,”村长也在抱怨,“这是反‘扫荡’呀,又不是到区里验操,也要换换衣裳!红的目标大呀!”⑨“尽是夜间活动,红不红怕什么呀,我没有别的衣服,就是这一件。
”女孩子笑着,“走吧,同志!”说着就跑下坡去。
⑩在路上,她走得很快,我跑上前去问她:“我们先到哪里?”⑪“先到神仙山!”她回过头来一笑,这时我才认出她就是那个吴召儿。
⑫“到了神仙山,我有亲戚。
”她说,“我姑住在山上,她家的倭瓜又大又甜。
今天晚上,我们到了,我叫她给你们熬着吃个饱吧!”⑬天黑的时候,我们才到了神仙山的脚下。
她爬得很快,走一截就坐在石头上望着我们笑,像是在这乱石山中,突然开出一朵红花,浮起一片彩云来。
课外阅读训练4

课外阅读训练4〔一〕走出绝境的秘诀一头驴子掉到一口枯井里。
驴子的主人召集数人出谋划策,可大伙儿实在想不出方法搭救驴子。
最后,大家决定,反正驴子已经老了,就让它提前“离去”吧!况且,这口枯井迟早也要填上的。
于是,人们拿起铲子,开始填井。
当第一铲泥土落到枯井中时,驴子叫得更恐怖了——它显然明白了主人的意图。
又一铲泥土铲落到枯井中,驴子出乎意料地安静了。
很快人们发现,每一铲泥土落到它背上的时候,驴子都会做同一件事:它努力抖落背上的泥土,把泥土踩在脚下,把自己垫高一点。
就这样,驴子慢慢地“升”到枯井口,在众人惊奇的目光中,潇洒地走出了枯井。
驴子教会了在场的人:走出绝境的秘诀便是拼命抖去落在背上的泥土,将本来埋葬你的泥土变成自救的台阶。
1、“出谋划策”的意思是〔〕A、解救,搭救B、出主意,想方法2、大家伙儿出谋划策的结果是〔〕A、反正驴子已经老了,就不用救它了,让它在枯井中死去。
B、用泥土把枯井填上,同时埋葬这头还活着的驴子。
C、往枯井里铲泥土,让驴子踏着不断增高的泥土走出枯井。
3、画“-----”的句子中的“同一件事”具体指〔〕A、在众人惊奇的目光中,潇洒地走出了枯井。
B、每一铲泥土落到它背上的时候,它叫得更恐怖了C、它努力抖落背上的泥土,把泥土踩在脚下,把自己垫高一点。
4、下面哪句话概括了走出绝境的秘诀?〔〕A、它努力抖落背上的泥土,把泥土踩在脚下,把自己垫高一点。
B、拼命抖去落在背上的泥土,将本来埋葬你的泥土变成自救的台阶。
〔二〕狐狸和猴子河中央有一个土墩,墩上长着一株桃树,树上结满了大桃子。
狐狸想吃桃子,可是过不了河。
猴子想吃桃子,可是也过不了河。
狐狸便和猴子商量,一同想方法架桥过去,摘下桃子各分一半。
狐狸和猴子一同花了很大力气,扛来一根木头,从这边架到河中央的土墩上,成了一座独木桥。
这座桥太窄了,它们不能同时过去,只能过去一个,再过一个。
“让我走过去,你再过去吧!”狐狸对猴子说。
狐狸走过去了。
狐狸想单独吃桃子,便故意把木头推到河里去。
统考英语B 第四次作业 阅读理解

第四次作业(阅读Passage 1 – 6)均为统考必考文章,你碰到原文的可能性非常非常大,请务必认真完成。
Passage 1Laws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use. All the armed services have precise regulations on how to display the national flag. This may vary somewhat from the general rules. The national flag should be raised and lowered by hand. Do not raise the flag while it is folded. Unfold the flag first, and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole. Lower it slowly and with dignity. Place no objects on or over the flag. Do not use the flag as part of a costume or athletic uniform. Do not print it upon cushions, handkerchiefs, paper napkins or boxes. A federal law provides that the trademark cannot be registered if it comprises the flag, or badges of the US. When the flag is used to unveil a statue or monument, it shouldn’t serve as a covering of the object to be unveiled. If it is displayed on such occasions, do not allow the flag to fall to the ground, but let it be carried high up in the air to form a feature of the ceremony. Take every precaution to prevent the flag from becoming soiled. It should not be allowed to touch the ground or floor, nor to brush against objects.1. How do Americans ensure proper respect for the national flag?A. By making laws.B. By enforcing disciplineC. By educating the publicD. By holding ceremonies.2. What is the regulation regarding the raising of the American National Flag?A. It should be raised by soldiers.B. It should be raised quickly by hand.C. It should be raised only by Americans.D. It should be raised by mechanical means.3. How should the American National Flag be displayed at an unveiling ceremony?A. It should be attached to the status.B. It should be hung from the top of the monument.C. It should be spread over the object to be unveiled.D. It should be carried high up in the air.4. What do we learn about the use of the American National Flag?A. There has been a lot of controversy over the use of flag.B. The best athletes can wear uniforms with the design of the flag.C. There are precise regulations and customs to be followed.D. Americans can print the flag on their cushions or handkerchiefs.5. What is Americans’ attitude towards their National Flag?A. ArbitraryB. Respect.C. HappyD. Brave.Passage 2It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly become ―in‖. Between the hours of 11 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. , college television lounges are filled with soap opera fans who can’t wait to see the next episode in the lives of their favorite characters.Actually, soaps are more than a college favorite; they’re a youth favorite. When school is out, high-school students are in front of their TV sets. One young working woman admitted that she turned down a higher paying job rather than give up watching her favorite serials. During the 1960’s, it was uncommon for young people to watch soap operas. The mood of the sixties was very different from now. It was a time of seriousness, and talk was about social issues of great importance.Now, seriousness has been replaced by fun. Young people want to be happy. It may seem strange that they should turn to soap opera, which is known for showing trouble in people’s lives. But soap opera is enjoyment. Young people can identify with the soap opera character, who, like the college-age viewer, is looking for happy love, and probably not finding it. And soap opera gives young people a chance to feel close to people without having to bear any responsibility for their problems.6.What is soap opera?A. Plays based on science fiction stories.B. Plays based on non-fiction stories.C. The daytime serial dramas on TV.D. Popular documentary films on TV.7. What can be the best title of the passage?A. College student viewers.B. Favorite TV serials.C. Soap opera fans.D. College-age viewers.8. Which are not the reasons why the soap opera suddenly becomes ―in‖ according to the passage?A. Because the viewers want to be happy and to enjoy themselves.B. because the soap opera makes young people feel close to their peopleC. Because the viewers can find themselves in the soap opera characters.D. Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles.9. What can we learn from the passage?A. College students like soap operas more than any other social groups.B. Young people of sixties liked soap operas more than people today.C. Young viewers have turned themselves from the seriousness of sixties to enjoyment now.D. The young as a whole are trying to look for happy love but in vain.10. What message does the author want to convey to us?A. The people’s favorites to drama works have been changed for a long time.B. The people’s favorites to drama works chan ge along with the times.C. The people’s favorites to drama works is changed by the soap opera.D. The people’s favorites have changed the drama works.Passage 3Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own.Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one’s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has the reward of one who has shared the secrets of Nature.Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.B. All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country.C. Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.D. Many nature lovers, though working in London, prefer to live outside London.12. With the same money needed for _______, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country.A. getting a small flat with a gardenB. having a small flat with a gardenC. renting a small flat without a gardenD. buying a small flat without a garden13. When the garden is in blossom, the one ______ has been rewarded.A. living in the countryB. having spent time working in the gardenC. having a garden of his ownD. having been digging, planting and watering14. People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that________ if they had to live it outside London.A. their life was meaninglessB. their life was invaluableC. they didn’t deserve a happy lifeD. they were not worthy of their happy life15. The underlined phrase get away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to .A. deal withB. do away withC. escape fromD. prevent fromPassage 4By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most for the benefits of other –they are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation’s consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very idea of heroism is something beyond us-an artifact of the past. Some maintain that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace our age is essentially an unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science.Cultural icons are hard to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to transcend celebrity(明星), who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That’s hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story to tell. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, renounced marriage and the throne, and died atthe moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charm, with the help of the media. But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic death -such as Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.16. The passage mainly deals with __________.A. life and deathB. heroes and heroinesC. heroes and iconsD. icons and celebrities17. Heroes and heroines are usually _______. .A. courageousB. good examples to followC. self-sacrificingD. all of the above18. Which of the following statements is wrong?A. Poverty in America has been eased with the economic growth.B. Superstars are famous for being famous.C. One’s look can contribute to being famous.D. Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times.19. Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love _______.A. when she was 19B. when she became a princessC. just before her deathD. after she gave birth to a Prince20. What is more likely to set an icon’s status?A. Good looks.B. Tragic and early deathC. Personal attraction.D. The quality of one’s story.Passage 5Places to stay in Britain are as varied as the places you visit. Whatever your budget is the choice – from basic barn to small hotel, from tiny cottage to grand castle—is all part of fun.HostelCheap, good-value hostels are aimed at all types of like-minded travelers, who prefer value over luxury and you don’t have to be young or single to use them. Britain’s independent hostels and backpackers hostels also offer a great welcome. Facilities and prices vary, especially in rural areas, where some hostels are a little more than a bunkhouse (临时住房) while others are remarkably comfortable--almost like bargain hotels.Youth HotelsFounded many years ago to ―help all, especially young people of limited means, to a greater knowledge, love and care of the countryside‖, the Youth Hotels Association i s still going strong in the 21st century. The network of 230 hotels is a perfect gateway for exploring Britain’s towns and countryside.B & BsThe B & B (bed and breakfast) is a great British institution. In essence you get a room in somebody’s house, and small B & Bs may only have one guest room, so you’ll really feel like part of the family. Larger B & Bs may have four or five rooms and more facilities, but just as warm as a welcome.In country areas your B & B might be in a village or an isolated farm surrounded by fields. Prices reflect facilities: and usually run from around £12 to £20 per person. City B & Bs charge about £25 to £30 per person, although they’re often cheaper as you go further out to the suburbs.Pubs & InnsAs well as selling drinks and meals, Britain’s pubs and inns sometimes offer B & B, particularly in country areas. Staying a night or two can be great fun and puts you at the heart of the local community.Rates range from around £15 to £25 per person. Pubs are more likely to have single rooms.21. In this passage the author mainly _____________.A. tells us where to stay while visiting BritainB. advises readers to pay a visit to BritainC. introduces the wonderful public services in BritainD. gives us some information about British life22. ___________ are mainly built for young visitors.A. Pubs & InnsB. Youth HotelsC. HostelsD. B & Bs23. If you travel alone and want to know better about family life in Britain, you’d better stay in __________________.A. Pubs & InnsB. Youth HotelsC. HostelsD. B & Bs24. If you are interested in traveling with your friends but only with limited means, where is the better place for you to stay? ______________.A. Pubs & InnsB. Youth HotelsC. HostelsD. B & Bs25. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last part of the passage?A. Pubs and inns usually provide visitors bed and breakfast.B. All pubs and inns offer visitors bed and breakfast.C. Pubs and inns charge a visitor £25 at the most.D. If you want a single room, you are more likely to get one in pubs.Passage 6What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is ―no‖. It is not the tools a s cientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further. He must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations,Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.26. What makes a scientist according to the passage?A. The tools he uses.B. The way he uses his tools.C. His ways of learning.D. The various tools he uses.27. ―The scientist, however, goes one step further…‖. The author says this to show____________.A. the important of informationB. the importance of thinkingC. the difference between scientists and ordinary peopleD. the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs.28. A sound scientific theory should be one that ___________________.A. works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other timesB. does not allow any changes even under different conditionsC. can be used for many purposesD. leave no room for improvement29. The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate ______________.A. that measurements are keys to success in scienceB. that accuracy of mathematicsC. that the investigations are important in scienceD. that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations30. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The theory of relativity.B. Exactness is the core of science.C. Scientists are different form ordinary people.D. Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.。
部编版四年级下册语文暑期 阅读专项训练4(含答案)

人教部编版四年级暑期基础知识专项训练经典阅读训练41.阅读短文,完成练习。
划船的启示富尔敦是美国的工程师、发明家。
富尔敦小时候只爱画画,不爱读书。
一天,老师对他说:“孩子,你只是图画画得好,别的(功攻)课都不行,会(流留)级的。
要重视科学知识的学习呀!”可是,他把老师的话当作耳边风。
有一次,富尔敦去(钓钩)鱼。
他坐的小船遇上了大风,划起船来费劲极了。
他想:“装上风帆只能随风飘游,还有什么好办法能改变这种(壮状)况呢?”不一会儿,风停了,富尔敦坐在空船里,把脚浸在河水中,心里还盘算着……不知不觉小船已经荡到河中心了。
他惊喜地发现,原来是两只脚不断摆水的结果。
他又想:“能不能用十字叉的轮子来代替划船的桨?轮子该怎么造?造好后装在什么位置最合适?船身又该怎样改装呢……这些问题靠画画不能解决,怎么办呢?这时候,富尔敦才领悟到老师的话是对的,决心重视学习科学知识。
从此,富尔敦发奋读书,进步很快,后来成为第一艘蒸汽轮船的发明者。
(1)选出括号里不恰当的字。
(2)从这篇短文中找出下面词语的反义词。
轻视________ 省力________(3)在“心里还盘算着”的后面是省略号,省略去的内容大约是________。
(4)根据课文理解,选择正确的答案()A.富尔敦是个聪明的孩子,他知错就改。
B.要想有所作为,就要重视学习科学知识。
C.富尔敦的老师很会教育自己的学生。
D.只要多参加活动,就能增长见识。
2.阅读短文,回答问题。
提灯笼的小飞虫温暖的夏夜里,草丛里多么热闹!有各种小虫在唱歌,还有一闪一闪的小飞虫,像提着灯笼在漫游。
它忽上忽下,忽左忽右,或者把光熄(xīshì)灭,让你看不到它,它就是萤火虫。
它是你想捉到的最可爱的一种甲虫。
它不咬人,不蜇(zhēzhé)人,它的光是凉的,并不会烧你的手。
萤火虫在地上产卵,刚刚孵出的小萤火虫藏(cáng zàng)在地下,或是躲在烂木头里。
三年级语文阅读专项训练(四)含答案

桑葚娃又到了桑葚结果的季节,弟弟几乎找遍了桑树坡的每一棵桑树,摘下桑葚一颗一颗喂进妹妹的嘴里。
那些半红半青的,妹妹嚼着嚼着,会从嘴里吐出来,因为没有完全长熟的果子是酸溜溜的。
于是,弟弟记住了哪棵树上有红的,哪棵树上有青的,今天该摘哪棵树上的,明天该摘哪棵树上的,总之,他想方设法要摘到最好的桑葚,让妹妹高兴得不哭不闹。
爸爸奖给弟弟一个外号——“桑葚娃”。
那天刚放学,我还在回家的路上,天突然下起了大雨。
弟弟该不会还在桑树坡吧!我冒雨跑回家,可家里没人,这下我慌了。
只听弟弟在桑树坡高喊:“爸!妈!快拿斗笠来!”我赶忙奔向桑树坡,只见在一棵大桑树旁的小石洞前,弟弟浑身被雨水浇透了,站在洞口遮挡着雨点竹背篓里的妹妹没有被雨淋着,正笑嘻嘻地吃着桑葚,满嘴红红的桑葚汁,从下巴一直流到衣襟上。
我说:“弟弟真有办法!”弟弟听了,觉得像做了一件非常了不起的事情,开心地笑了。
雨停了,弟弟说:“哥,明天是爸爸的生日、我们给他摘桑葚泡酒,好吗?”好!”于是,我爬上桑树,弟弟背起妹妹,双手把斗笠翻过来接着。
摘呀,摘呀,直到弯弯的月亮挂到了桑树坡的上空……1.根据句子意思找出短文中的四字词语.想尽了一切办法。
( )2.爸爸称弟弟为“桑葚娃”的原因是()A.弟弟很喜欢吃桑葚B.弟弟总能摘到最好的桑葚,并且熟悉每棵桑树的果子是否成熟C.弟弟每次摘桑葚总带着妹妹3.从画“”的句子中,你可以看出弟弟是一个怎样的孩子?一位父亲带着6岁的儿子郊游,父亲钓鱼,儿子在一旁玩耍。
在离湖边不远处,有一个很深的大坑。
孩子好奇,自己偷偷摸索着下到坑里。
玩了一阵子后他发现,大坑离地面很高,下来容易上去难。
于是他不得不求助正在钓鱼的父亲:“爸爸,爸爸,帮帮我,我上不去了!”但他没有得到回应。
其实,此时此刻他知道他的父亲正在距离他不远的地方钓鱼他没有想到,父亲会对其求助置之不理。
于是,他的第一反应就是愤怒。
他开始直呼父亲大人的名字,并称之为“混蛋”。
他的父亲还是置之不理。
阅读技能的四种层次及训练

阅读技能的四种层次及训练摘要阅读是一项重要的研究和娱乐活动,对个人的知识和思考能力有着深远的影响。
本文将介绍阅读技能的四种层次,并提出相应的训练方法,以帮助读者提高阅读能力。
第一层次:字面理解字面理解是阅读的基础,它要求读者理解文字表达的字面意思。
训练字面理解的方法包括:1. 词汇积累:通过积累词汇量,研究和理解各种常用词汇的含义和用法,从而加强对文字的理解能力。
词汇积累:通过积累词汇量,学习和理解各种常用词汇的含义和用法,从而加强对文字的理解能力。
2. 上下文推断:在阅读过程中,通过上下文来推断生词的含义,提高阅读理解的准确性。
上下文推断:在阅读过程中,通过上下文来推断生词的含义,提高阅读理解的准确性。
3. 语法分析:掌握基本的语法知识,能够正确解读句子结构和语法规则,从而更好地理解文章的含义。
语法分析:掌握基本的语法知识,能够正确解读句子结构和语法规则,从而更好地理解文章的含义。
第二层次:修辞理解修辞理解要求读者理解文章中的修辞手法和隐喻意义,掌握作者想要传达的情感和思想。
训练修辞理解的方法包括:1. 比喻理解:学会辨别文章中的比喻和隐喻,理解其意义,从而更好地理解文章的主旨和作者的观点。
比喻理解:学会辨别文章中的比喻和隐喻,理解其意义,从而更好地理解文章的主旨和作者的观点。
2. 修辞手法分析:学会分析文章中的修辞手法,如夸张、对比、反问等,从而更好地理解作者的情感和思想。
修辞手法分析:学会分析文章中的修辞手法,如夸张、对比、反问等,从而更好地理解作者的情感和思想。
3. 背景知识扩充:积极获取各种领域的知识,提高自己的修辞理解能力,能够辨别出不同话题领域的修辞手法和隐喻含义。
背景知识扩充:积极获取各种领域的知识,提高自己的修辞理解能力,能够辨别出不同话题领域的修辞手法和隐喻含义。
第三层次:批判理解批判理解要求读者对文章进行批判性思考,能够分析和评价作者的观点和论证。
训练批判理解的方法包括:1. 逻辑推理:学会运用逻辑思维,分析和评价作者的论证逻辑是否有漏洞,从而辨别出作者的观点的可信度。
2021年莱州市文峰中学高三语文第四次联考试题及参考答案

2021年莱州市文峰中学高三语文第四次联考试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:传统“中国式”家庭包括三代人:祖父母、父母和子女。
在这种家庭单位里,家长把后代看成自己的私有物,孩子也把家看成最坚强的后盾。
中国人家族血缘关系比较紧密,相对西方来说亲情更浓厚。
长辈对自己的家庭和子女很重视,相应地,孩子也更愿意照顾和陪伴他们的父母和祖父母。
(摘编自《中国人的家庭观念》)材料二:传统中国家庭中个人与家庭是荣辱与共的。
古代刑法中有“连坐” 或“株连”制度,一人犯事,家属亲友甚至上下好几代都跟着遭殃。
社会将每个家长权下的集体看成一个整体,他们都是家长的附属,家长对他们有管理处分的权力,也有承担责任的义务。
婚姻不是男女之间的私事,而是关系整个家庭或家族兴衰的大事。
所以历来讲究父母之命,媒妁之言,讲求门当户对。
中国人讲究家和万事兴,当自己的利益与家庭的利益发生冲突时, 要牺牲个人利益保全家庭利益。
这些规矩维持了一个家庭内部的秩序, 而如果每个家庭的男子都能“齐家”,整个国家也就安定团结。
进入现代社会后,尤其是随着商品经济的发展,有了更多样的家庭组合方式,比如三口之家可以和父母辈住在一起,也可以自立门户。
单身青年可以和父母住在一起,也可以到别的地方独立生活。
个人价值观也在发生变化,特别是西方的自由主义和个人主义在现代社会得到广泛接受和认可。
西方人重视自我价值、渴望独立和自由, 认为人是完全独立的个体,不依附于家庭和父母,血缘对家庭关系的纽带作用不是特别大。
女性受教育程度的提高和经济上的独立,对传统家庭观念也构成了冲击。
在封建社会,女性经济上附属于家庭,不可能独立生活,而现在, 她们受到的教育足以使自己拥有稳定的职业和收入,不需要再依附于男人或者家庭。
再加上西方女权主义思想影响,越来越多的女性选择独身。
(摘编自《传统家庭观念在瓦解?》)材料三:家庭核心化、小型化在很大程度上满足了人们对相对自由生活方式的追求,当然多数亲代和子女分爨生活后仍保持着较密切的日常联系。
2020-2021学年苏州市胥江实验中学高三语文第四次联考试卷及参考答案

2020-2021学年苏州市胥江实验中学高三语文第四次联考试卷及参考答案一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
人生的四种境界张世英按照人的自我发展历程、实现人生价值和精神自由的高低程度,人生境界可分为四个层次,即欲求境界、求知境界、道德境界和审美境界。
最低境界为“欲求境界”。
人生之初,在这种境界中只知道满足个人生存所必需的最低欲望,故以“欲求”称之。
当人有了自我意识以后,生活于越来越高级的境界时,此种最低境界仍潜存于人生之中。
现实中,也许没有一个成人的精神境界会低级到唯有“食色”的欲求境界,而丝毫没有一点高级境界。
以欲求境界占人生主导地位的人是境界低下而“趣味低级”的人。
第二种境界为“求知境界”。
在这一境界,自我作为主体,有了进一步作为认知客体之物的规律和秩序的要求。
有了知识,掌握了规律,人的精神自由程度、人生的意义和价值就大大提升了一步。
所以,求知境界不仅从心理学和自我发展的时间进程来看在欲求境界之后,而且从哲学与人生价值、自由之实现的角度来看,也显然比欲求境界高一个层次。
第三种境界为“道德境界”。
他和求知境界的出现几乎是同时发生,也许稍后。
就此而言,把道德境界列在求知境界之后,只具有相对的意义。
但从现实人生意义与价值的角度和实现精神自由的角度而言,则道德境界之高于求知境界,是不待言的。
发展到这一水平的“自我”具有了责任感和义务感,这也意味着他有了自我选择、自我决定的能力,把自己看作是命运的主人,而不是听凭命运摆布的小卒。
但个人的道德意识也有一个由浅入深的发展过程:当独立的个体性自我尚未从所属群体的“我们”中显现出来之时,其道德意识从“我们”出发,推及“我们”之外的他人。
人生的最高精神境界是“审美境界”。
这是因为此时审美意识超越了求知境界的认识关系,它把对象融入自我之中,而达到情景交融的意境;审美意识也超越了求知境界和道德境界中的实践关系。
这样,审美境界即超越了认识的限制,也超越了功用、欲念和外在目的以及“应该”的限制,而成为超然于现实之外的自由境界。
四下语文阅读训练题(1-4)

语文阅读训练题一:《桂林山水》文段选读练习(一)(37分)我看见过波澜(nán lán)壮阔的大海,玩赏过水平如镜的西湖,却从没有看见过漓江这样的水。
漓江的水真静啊,静得让你感觉不到它在流动;漓江的水真清啊,清得可以看见江底的沙石;漓江的水真绿啊,绿得仿佛那是一块无瑕(xiáxá)的翡翠。
船桨激起的微波扩散出一道道水纹,才让你感觉到船在前进,岸在后移。
我攀登过峰峦雄伟的泰山,游览过红叶似(sìshì)火的香山,却从没看见过桂林这一带的山。
桂林的山真奇啊一座座拔地而起各不相连像老人像巨象像骆驼奇峰罗列形态万千桂林的山真秀啊,像翠绿的屏障,像新生的竹笋,色彩明丽,倒映水中;桂林的山真险啊,危峰兀(éwù)立,怪石嶙峋,好像一不小心就会栽倒下来。
1、我会在文中的括号内把不正确的读音划掉。
(4分)2、我会写出近义词(6分)形态万千()扩散()观赏()3、我会给文中缺标点符号的地方加上标点符号。
(3分)4、我会根据读音组词(4分)juàn()dǎo()卷倒juǎn()dào()5、我会给下列的形近字组词(3分)瑕()棉()泰()假()绵()秦()6、这两段描写了漓江的___________和___________(2分)7、用“像……像……”造句。
(2分)8、归纳:(6分)(1)漓江的水有__________、___________、___________的特点(2)漓江的山有__________、___________、___________的特点9、这两段文章采用的修辞的手法是________________和_________________。
并用“”在文中画一个排比句。
(3分)10、我会缩写句子。
(4分)(1)漓江的水绿得像一块无瑕的翡翠。
(2)我们乘着木船来观赏桂林的山水。
《桂林山水》文段选读练习(二)(13分)这样的山围绕着这样的水,这样的水倒映着这样的山,再加上()云雾迷蒙,()绿树红花,()竹筏小舟,让你感到像是走进了连绵不断的画卷,真是“舟行碧波上,人在画中游”。
2021届杭州市夏衍中学高三语文第四次联考试卷及答案

2021届杭州市夏衍中学高三语文第四次联考试卷及答案一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题,给猫留门(节选)黄咏梅“豆包回家了,”老沈告诉雅雅,“胖得像一只大熊猫,每层楼的灯都被它踩亮了。
”“亮!豆包喊一句,灯就亮了……”老沈学着雅雅的口气。
咯咯咯咯……雅雅在电话那头笑得欢。
老沈兴致勃勃地重复亮了好几句。
犹记得有一段时间,沈小安一家周末过来吃饭,每爬上一层楼,雅雅就用尽吃奶的力气喊——亮!感应灯被她喊亮之后,雅雅也是那么笑的,咯咯咯咯,这个游戏是这座旧楼唯一的亮点,如果没有那些时亮时灭的感应灯,估计雅雅会蛮缠着让沈小安背上楼的。
不过这些吸引力也不长久,上学之后雅雅就不太愿来爷爷家了。
那天雅雅玩饿了,老沈就牵着她去买豆包。
店员掀开蒸笼,用袋子装了两只豆包送给雅雅,就是在雅雅怯怯地犹豫要不要接过来的时刻,这只小猫不知从什么地方蹿了出来,跃上收银柜,朝那两只豆包喵喵喵个不停,雅雅先是吓了一跳,接下来,就跟小猫成了朋友,因为这只小猫,除了额头和脸颊处有一些灰色的斑纹,其他地方跟蒸笼里的豆包一样白,雅雅就喊它叫“豆包”。
等老沈一只手牵着雅雅回家的时候,他的另一只手上,挂着一个黑色的塑料袋,豆包躺在里边,安静得像一件被主人买回来的什么东西。
有了豆包,老沈就能经常见到雅雅。
不一定是周末,有的时候,放学后沈小安也会带她来,老沈像迎接贵宾一样,削好水果,买好菜。
通常他们三个会在一起吃个晚饭,豆包就窝在雅雅的腿上,雅雅吃一口,问一句:弟弟,要不要吃鸡腿?豆包似懂非懂,眯了眯漂亮的绿眼睛。
看不到豆包,雅雅就给老沈打电话,像个亲切的小姐姐——弟弟在干吗呢?弟弟为什么那么爱睡觉?她甚至对老沈承诺,明天放学要去看弟弟的。
就像豆包是寄养在别人家的弟弟一样。
雅雅看豆包的频率越来越密集,有时还赖着要在爷爷家睡,但这绝不可能,每次看着父女俩在门口小垫子上换鞋子,低头系鞋带的动作几乎一模一样,老沈心里都会有些伤感。
2020-2021学年第二学期六年级小升初语文阅读专项训练四(含答案)人教部编版

六年级小升初语文阅读专项训练四一、阅读短文,完成练习。
害怕回乡(1)回乡不是回家。
(2)回家是亲切的。
记得母亲在世时,回家是那样温馨,是那样顺理成章。
一踏上故土,远远望见屋顶上的炊烟,望见炊烟的竹篱,竹篱后,有慈母倚门而望。
(3)未进家门,早有乡邻,用真诚而纯朴的目光迎候你:哇,回家来看母亲了。
(4)匆匆推开柴门,扑进母亲怀里,一卸世路风尘的艰辛。
(5)母亲去世后,家就变飘渺了。
但那是我的根,那时陶冶过我的乡情乡音。
在那里,我懂得蒲公英是怎么飞的,蚱蜢是怎么跳的,画眉鸟是怎么唱的,它们都在呼唤我回归。
(6)回归是必然的。
只是先人已渺,旧居不存,算不了回家,就算回乡吧。
但回乡的路是艰难的。
(7)当我踏上那弯曲的乡路,山还是那座山,村还是那个村。
乡邻依旧友好,迎候你的目光也依旧真挚。
但语意里有了陌生:啊,回来看看?(8)是的,回来看看。
看什么呢?流水依旧白,青山依旧青。
但自己的目光已不知往哪儿看,脚步不知往哪儿挪了。
(9)到乡翻似烂柯人,一颗系念故乡的心,顿时被悬了起来。
因为随着母亲的去世,没有了那依恋的那扇柴门,也没有了那一缕炊烟。
(10)于是无可挽回地要坠入从前,黯然地走进童年的记忆,很悲壮地站到昨日以远、来日无多的路口,踯躅复踯躅。
在乡邻目光的探询下,不得不对自己的人生之路,回乡之路,进行一番审视和梳理了。
(11)故乡,是生命的根,在抚摸生命之树的根须时,如果没有结出丰厚的果实来回报,那么你可曾以自己树冠的绿荫,给故乡人送来一丝一缕的清凉?(12)你会想到自己没有做官,不是荣归故里,你不很富有,不是衣锦还乡。
你也不是明星,不为故乡增色。
也许,这并不重要,故乡无意苛求于你。
只是你对自己的人生之路,回乡之路,进行一番审视和梳理了。
(13)想到此,你会明白前人为什么会有近乡情更怯的感喟了。
(14)你会感喟自己是一只小鸟,在山外的天地里飞了一圈。
感喟自己是一条鱼,在人生的江河了漫游一回。
如今日暮乡关,想到故乡厚实的土地,能歇你坎坷多愁的奔波,能抚慰你疲惫至极的心灵。
小升初语文现代文阅读强化训练卷(4)含答案

小升初语文现代文阅读强化训练卷(4)含答案一、现代文阅读1.阅读短文,回答问题。
第一抹春痕看看日历,知道已是春天,可走出户外,觉得风还是冬天的风,冰凉刺骨。
太阳依旧病恹恹的样子,起伏的山,一片片的林子,全是灰蒙蒙的颜色,铅笔画似的,哪里有一丝春天的踪迹?有一天,我却意外地从学生的课桌上,发现了第一抹春痕。
学生在写作业,我在静悄悄地教室里巡视,蓦然看见,一个课桌的缝隙里,有一撮小草芽,用细细的白线娇娇地扎着。
草芽针一样细,顶端嫩绿,往下是鹅黄,根部则嫩白。
我站在那里端详了许久,心中一时有些感动。
我相信,这是天地间的第一抹春色。
在春寒料峭的二月里,在灰黄苍茫的天地间,发现这一抹淡到极致的春色,需要怎样的______和______呀!也许只有灵秀的孩子们才能感觉得到。
当孩子们采集到它时,一定十分快活,乃至大声地欢呼过。
我捏起那一小撮纤细的草芽看了看,又插进桌面的裂缝里。
坐在位子上的男孩,这第一抹春色的主人,仰脸望着我,笑了。
这以后,稍一______,便天天可以从学生的课桌上,感受到春意的萌动和蔓延了。
桌缝里,有一二截刚刚泛青或萌出芽苞的小树枝,三五朵小野花--那么小,白的似米粒,黄的、红的,像蜡笔削下的碎屑。
想这些鲜艳的粉末,该是二月的风荡来的春天的彩尘,______的孩子发现了,便用小手指将它们拈起来,染在他们的课桌上。
终于有一天,我看见学生的课桌上,插了一枝迎春,枝条上繁密的金色小花,如一串耀目的阳光。
教室里,被映上了一层淡淡的暖意。
(1)结合语境,解释下面词语和句子的意思。
娇娇:太阳依旧病恹恹的样子:(2)选择恰当的词填入文中括号内。
①耐心②细心③留心(3)文中"发现第一抹春痕指的是什么?(4)将"这些鲜艳的粉末……细心的孩子们发现了,便用小手指将他们拈起来,染在了他们的课桌上。
"中的"染"换成"插"好不好?为什么?(5)文中你最受感动的句子是哪个?说说为什么?2.课外阅读。
湖北省高中名校联盟2024届高三下学期5月第四次联合测评(三模)语文试题Word版含解析

湖北省高中名校联盟2024届高三第四次联合测评(圆创5月联考)语文试题及答案一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一为进一步发挥新时代科普在我国创新发展中的作用,迫切需要构建具有前沿性和科学性的高质量科普体系。
新时代高质量科普的框架体系具有“全周期、多主体、强支撑”的特点,从时间、主体、环境三个维度发力,侧重生态文化、人才、成果转化等方面的支撑和相关目标实现。
在时间维度上强调终身科普。
法国成人教育学家保罗·郎格郎指出,“教育和训练的过程并不随学校学习的结束而结束,而是应贯穿于生命的全过程”。
根据科普的分阶段特性,结合终身教育理念,可将身科普体系概括为三个子系统,即校园科普、社会科普和网络科普。
网络科普是随着信息技术的发展而诞生,并且逐渐成为主流的一种科普方式,是终身科普体系中最重要、最广泛、最多样的方式。
通过构建终身科普体系,保证公众科普的常态化和终身供给。
在主体维度上,强调跨学科、多主体、广覆盖、融产业的特征。
就多主体特征而言,新时代科普需要构建政府、企业、个人协同运营的体系。
事实上,政府在坚持科普社会公益事业属性的同时,也要看到其他主体在科普方面的重要作用。
如鼓励企业出资建设科技场馆、展厅设施等,在宣传展示企业科技实力和企业文化的同时,参与和支持科学技术知识的教育与普及工作。
对于个人主体则要调动行业专家和科技工作者的科普能动性,鼓励个人在科普领域自由创作、形成影响。
在环境营造上,需全面完善生态体系,营造文化氛围,储备人才队伍,完善成果转化体系。
生态体系上,科普作为科技创新生态的重要组成部分,直接服务于信息的传导,并通过改变人的认识层面,促进科技创新。
文化氛围上,科普已经成为促进社会主义文化建设的重要措施。
有专家认为,科普在形式上是一种社会教育活动,具有社会性、群众性和持续性,这也赋予了科普文化活动的属性。
科普工作要针对这种属性,不失时机地广泛渗透到各种社会活动中,才能形成规模宏大、富有生机、社会化的大科普。
语文四年级下册第四单元阅读训练卷

语文四年级下册第四单元阅读训练卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________同学们,经过一段时间的学习,你一定长进不少,让我们好好检验一下自己吧!一、现代文阅读阅读短文,完成练习。
五花山薛卫民我家住在大山里。
你知道这里的山是什么颜色的吗?春天的山是绿色的,那绿色淡淡的,许多树叶刚冒出芽来,还带着嫩嫩的黄色呢夏天的山也是绿色的,那绿色浓浓的,一片片树叶,不管是大的还是小的,都像被绿油彩涂过,连雨点落上去,都给染绿了。
秋天的山不再是一种颜色了。
下过一场秋霜,有的树林变成了金黄色,好像所有的阳光都集中到那儿去了;有的树林变成了杏黄色,远远望去,就像枝头挂满了熟透的杏和梨;有的树林变成了火红色,风一吹,树林跳起舞来,就像一簇簇火苗在跳跃;还有的树林变得紫红紫红,跟剧场里紫绒幕布的颜色一样。
只有松柏不怕秋霜,针一样的叶子还是那么翠绿。
秋天的山一片金黄,一片火红,一片翠绿……人们给这五颜六色的山起了个好听的名字,叫“五花山”。
1 . 以下哪种颜色不属于秋天的五花山?()A.翠绿B.雪白C.金黄D.火红2 . 能够表达出第4自然段主要意思的句子是哪一句?()A.有的树林变成了金黄色。
B.有的树林变成了火红色。
C.还有的树林变得紫红紫红的。
D.秋天的山不再是一种颜色了。
3 . 作者是按照什么顺序描写五花山的景色的?()A.游览顺序B.时间顺序C.空间顺序D.事情发展的顺序4 . 下列对于标题“五花山”的“花”字的理解,正确的是哪一项?()A.花朵B.花纹C.眼睛模糊迷乱D.颜色或种类错杂5 . 文章开头的疑问句,在表达上有什么好处?()A.启发读者思考,回答问题。
B.引起读者注意,引出下文。
C.激发读者兴趣,总结全文。
D.使文章层次分明,结构紧凑。
6 . 有同学认为,只有秋天的山才能叫“五花山”,你同意这样的观点吗?为什么?_______________________7 . “许多树叶刚冒出芽来,还带着嫩嫩的黄色呢。
南泥湾高三第四次质量检测语文南泥湾

南泥湾高三第四次质量检测语文南泥湾一、现代文阅读(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
中华文明源远流长,从诗书礼乐到钟鼎彝器,博大精深的古典文化,素来为国人所津津乐道。
然而一到谈及传统建筑,多数人不是一脸茫然,便是心怀遗憾。
保存下来的古建筑本就不多,往往还被岁月剥去了光彩,有几分“土里土气”,相形之下,欧洲古建筑遍地开花,如风光片里古堡的坚固伟岸、教堂的华丽炫酷,让人如何与之一较高下?此言差矣。
以中西古建筑最显著的对比,即材料上的土木和砖石为例。
乍看之下,木质建筑简朴,易朽,扁平,似乎很难与巍峨高耸的石头教堂一争高下。
有人把这归咎于古人的技术不行,或材料短缺。
但事实上,中华大地并不缺石材,古代冶金技术的世界领先,石料开采加工的器具也更先进。
同时,老祖宗们并非完全不用石料修筑,譬如陵墓,在他们看来,才是该用石头堆砌的。
而从秦汉陵墓的空间布局、工程结构之精妙来看,早在那个时代,我们的砖石建筑就已经达到了相当高的水准。
因此,对于砖石建筑,古人“非不能也,乃不为也”。
就像中国传统绘画对散点透视的情有独钟一个样,形式和质料上的偏好,其实是一种文化选择。
追根溯源,审美偏好的出发点,还取决于人与环境的相处方式。
欧洲建筑多以石砌,呈竖向耸立之势,以求“飞升天国”的不朽。
而中国建筑的外部形态,基本是横平舒展,寄寓着华夏先民对土地的依恋。
在中国古人心中,石头冰冷坚硬,缺乏生气,太过疏离自然,至于寻常起居,则一定要置身于“生生之气”的土木之中,以求“天人合一”的居住理想。
中西建筑在文化体系中的“地位”也不尽相同。
在西方,建筑是主要的文化载体,法国作家雨果就曾说过,“建筑是石头的史书”,一切艺术门类都须为建筑服务,绘画之,雕刻之,咏叹之,摹写之,以图将其打造为“高大上”的永恒纪念碑。
而古老的东方中国就不这么看了:文字才是千古之承载,不朽之盛事。
相比于文字上的“理想主义”,中国人在对待建筑上体现出了充分的“实用主义”态度。
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阅读限时专项训练(四)第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ADon‟t you hate it when someone snubs(冷落)you by looking at their phone instead of paying attention? The word “Phubbing”, which comes from “phone” and “snub”, describes such behavior . With popularization of smart phones, we see a new "Phubbing" group everywhere in public places: in subway, restaurants, elevators, roads, people are checking the mobile phone, ignoring the people around completely. What is worrying us is that not only young people, but also the elderly and kids are getting addicted(上瘾)to Phubbing.On Dec 29, a 28-year-old woman—a mother of two in Wenzhou, drowned after she fell into a river while looking at her mobile phone. A Pakistani man was killed on Dec 15, 2015, after being hit by a fast moving train while trying to take a selfie (自拍)with it on the track. Last month, Justin, a college student was shot in subway in San Francisco, the U.S. The surveillance video showed that before Justin was killed, the killer pulled out the gun several times, and even wiped his nose with it. However, nobody noticed that. The surrounding passengers all focused on their cell phones.Phone is the tool for communication, but now it distances people and makes them separated from each other. Therefore, s omeone jokes “the furthest distance in the worl d is not the distance between life and death, but that you don‟t know I stand in front of you while you focus on the mobile.”Phubbing appears harmless; however, it does affect our life. 23-year-old Alex from Melbourne wrote in his blog: "I can no longer focus on what I am eatin g since I started twittering. My skill of food photography has improved very fast, while my interest in food drops a lot as a result."21. The author gives several examples in Para.2 to_______.A. show the phubbing people are dangerous.B. say phubbing is more and more popular.C. tell people the bad effects of phubbing.D. warn people not to use phones any more.22.The author wants to tell us in the passage that______.A. Kids shouldn‟t use phonesB. it‟s time for us to stop phubbingC. Phubbing distances peopleD. phubbing can cause accidents23. What may the passage talk about next?A. Advice on how to use a cell phoneB. People who are addicted to phubbingC. Possible reasons for phubbingD. Ways to stay away from phubbingBDear Anyone Having a Bad Week,I'm sorry, I have no idea why your week is bad, or how bad it actually is. I don't know ifyou've told anyone if it's made you rather unpleasant to be around. But I do know that I'm sorry that you're hurting, or stressed, or tired, or depressed, or lonely, or scared or lost.I thought about writing this letter in a couple of different ways. I thought about writing it about the things you could do to feel better. Or I thought about focusing the letter on how the "bad weeks" can actually be pretty beautiful if you look at them the right way. I almost wrote those letters, but I ended up deciding that I wasn't writing to make anyone feel better -- I just want you to feel heard.There's something about humans that makes us want our pain to be recognized. There is something good and comforting in having someone say, "Yeah, that sounds really hard."But unfortunately, that's not always the direction that society pushes us in. We have been taught that bad days are to be silently borne beneath a bright smile, which is uncomfortable.I want you to know you can feel free to spill your bad day all over the place and wear it on the front of your shirt. I want you to know that the expressions of your pain are beautiful and that I will try my very hardest to feel the hurt with you. I want you to know that your stressed out, short-tempered self is just as awesome as your cheerful self. Please do not shun(回避)your suffering.In writing this, I know that I hear you, and let yourself be healed(治愈). I hope your day turns around, and that even if it doesn't, you can still find a few moments of beauty and happiness in all the mess. For all of you not having bad days -- carry on, and enjoy.Sincerely,Clara Wagner24. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. Let out your bad feelingsB. Don‟t give your anger awayC. Try to wear a sweet smileD. Don‟t push yourself too hard25. We know from the passage that people who feel down probably need_______.A. adviceB. comfortC. treatmentD. happiness26. In what tone(语气、口气)does the author write the letter?A. Friendly and forgivingB. Curious and protectiveC. Concerned and doubtfulD. Caring and understandingCI have always been confident but uncertain at the same time. I was raised to believe I could do anything I set my mind to. I had so many ideas of what I could be, from a designer to a lawyer. But I had no idea how to narrow down those dreams.In August of 2014, I started my undergraduate degree (本科学位)at Florida State University. College was not as easy as I expected it to be. It was difficult to find a balance between my outside activities and my classroom work.I remember the moment I found out that I had received a “D” in my math class. Something had to change. I knew I couldn‟t continue to spend time on something I dearly loved: tutoring (辅导)primary school children. The heartbreak I felt made me realize how much I truly loved the feeling of giving back.Two years after graduation, I decided to go back to school to get a Master‟s degree (硕士学位)in Public Administration at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCD). I wanted to focus on (专心于)management but had no idea what exactly I wanted to focus on.One message changed my life. I had been searching every corner of the Internet. Then I had a moment when I just knew I‟d found it. I came across “She‟s the First”, an organization devoted to educating girls in developing countries.I knew the woman I wanted to become. I had to go for it. I sent a message to the founder of She‟s the First and became one of the organization‟s first interns (实习生).My sense of certainty slowly came back. I went on to become a member of the organization‟s research team and set up a campus chapter (校园专栏)at FGCU. I completed my Master‟s degree and got a job at the PACE Center for Girls in Jacksonville, Florida. I work as a socialservice counselor (顾问)and every day I have the opportunity to change lives. I help teenage girls to reach for their dreams.Because of She‟s the First, I found my voice and now I get to help young women find theirs.27. What problem did the author have according to the first two paragraphs?A. She was afraid that she could not complete college.B. She had trouble deciding what she wanted to focus on.C. She was uncertain if she could do what she had wanted to.D. She fell behind in her studies because of her outside activities.28. Which shows the correct order of the events in the author‟s life?a. She tutored primary school children.b. She received a “D” in her math class.c. She became an intern at the organization She‟s the First.d. She works as a social service counselor.e. She completed her Master‟s degree.A. a-b-c-e-dB. a-b-e-c-dC. b-a-c-d-eD. b-a-c-e-d29. By telling us about her own experiences, the author shows that ________.A. college is all about making choices.B. everyone is confident and uncertain.C. we need to have a balance between what we want to do.D. we learn who we are from our efforts and experiences30. What is the passage mainly about?A. How the author completed her Master‟s degree and got a job.B. How the author tried hard and got her dream job.C. Changing a person‟s character is the most difficult.D. Helping women to follow their dreams has changed the author‟s life.第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。