国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案

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国际贸易实务(双语版)答案 (7)[1页]

ANSWERS:
1.报价时，应避免使用通俗用语。

一个百吨可能是短吨的100磅，或长吨的2磅。

一吨可
能是2000磅的短吨，或2204.6磅的公吨,或2240磅的长吨.因此,在报价单或销售确认书中对于百吨或吨更明确表示其所代表的实际重量.同时,关于数量、重量、容积、长度、或面积等单位的用语，也应清楚地加以界定，并取得共识。

2.If inspection, or certificate of inspection, is required, it should be agreed, in advance, whether
the cost there of is for account of seller or buyer.
3.The value of the goods for insurance purposes shall be fixed in accordance with the usage of
the particular trade, but in the absence of any such usage it shall be the invoice CIF value of the goods to the buyer, less freight payable, if any, on arrival, and plus a marginal profit of 10 percent of the said invoice CIF value, after deduction of the amount of freight, if any, payable on arrival.。

国际贸易实务双语教程(第三版)课后答案解析

Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreignsales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use ofa trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力 11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量 12 经济衰退3加价，涨价 13间接投资4国内市场 14有形货物5制成品 15有形进出口6边际利润 16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率 17超额能力8贸易歧视 18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择 19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期 20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant,he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. OpenVI.Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growt h. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the moneyto buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s imp ort needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets;9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of InternationalTrade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:KeyDear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely,VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paidas a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want.A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrantremittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.IX. Case Study[Answer]:A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。

帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案双语

C h a p t e r1 IYES，Please refer to the1st paragraph of the text.II流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货交易出口退税倾销出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额贸易顺差／贸易逆差欧盟国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易excess liquidityself-sufficienteconomic resourcesdirect investmentbalance of paymentsbarterexport tax rebatedumpingexport-driven economic growth host countrybalance of tradefavorable/unfavorable balance of tradeEuropean Unionfavorable/unfavorable balance of paymentsvisible tradeinvisible tradetrade in goodstrade in servicesIIIThe chart above shows the U.S.imports from China,U.S.exports to China and the trade balance.The U.S.has a negative trade balance with China,and it has been growing.During the period from1997to2003, imports from China have grown244%while exports to China have grown 221%,indicating that the trade deficit is increasing.There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in1996,totaling$39.5 billion at the end of the year.IV1.Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2.Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods.3.Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4.International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5.FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6.Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.V1.International trade is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across national boundaries.It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2.In today's complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons.As to the economic reasons,no nation has all of the economic resources(land,labor and capital)that it needs to develop its economy and culture,and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs.As for the preference reasons, international trade takes place because of innovation of style.Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3.In measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade and balance of payments.4.FDI,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations.It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign company is trade.The great significance of FDI for China might be that:FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money onimporting advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure, national supporting industry,key projects,etc.Chapter2I关税壁垒非关税壁垒从量税配额保护性关税市场失灵幼稚产业许可证制度财政关税政府采购贸易保护主义从价税最低限价本地采购规则增加内需Domestic content Red-tape barriers Export subsidies Tariff barriersnon-tariff barriers specific dutiesquotaprotective tariff market failureinfant industry licensing system Revenue tariff government procurement trade protectionismAd Valorem Dutiesfloor price"buy local"rulesraise domestic demand 国内含量进口环节壁垒出口补贴Binding quota Absolute quotas VERTariff-rate quotas Zero quota"Buy local"rules 绑定配额绝对配额自愿出口限制关税配额零配额本地采购原则II1.Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。

帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案(双语)

Chapter 1IYES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.IIIThe chart above shows the U。

S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance. The U。

S。

has a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003，imports from China have grown 244％while exports to China have grown 221％, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996，totaling ＄39.5 billion at the end of the year。

IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries。

2。

Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods。

3。

Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4。

International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5。

清华大学国际贸易实务双语教程最新版练习题答案

Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. OpenVI.Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growt h. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profitand loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s imp ort needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packingconditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:KeyDear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.IX. Case Study[Answer]:A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。

《国际贸易实务双语教程》(第三版)课后习题答案

Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. OpenVI.Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profitand loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packingconditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:KeyDear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet.In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities.Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above, is that no nation has all of the commodities than it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically.Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large quantities of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation’s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to combine the income it receives, for example, from exports, tourists expenditures, and immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is then spent on such items as manufactured goods from other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers.IX. Case Study[Answer]:A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。

国际贸易实务(双语)(山东联盟)智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下青岛科技大学

国际贸易实务（双语）（山东联盟）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下青岛科技大学青岛科技大学绪论单元测试1.The core part of international trade practices is contract.答案:对 export is one of 3 forces for economic growth.答案:对3.Termsof Trade is one main contract clause.答案:对4.Claims is one main contract clause.答案:错5.Negotiation procedures include答案:offer;inquiry;acceptance;counter-offer第一章测试1.According to theory of absolute advantage, Eachcountry should specialize inand export the product in which it has an absoluteadvantage答案:对2.Unfavorable balance of trade is also called trade deficit答案:对3.There is no difference between frontier and customs area.答案:错4.Tariff effects for a large country include答案:the government collects tariff revenue equal to the tariff rate times the quantity of imports with the tariff.;producer surplus increases(producers better off);consumer surplus decreases (consumers worse off)5.Quota is one kind of non-tariff barrier.答案:对第二章测试1.How many kinds of trade terms given by INCOTERMS 2010答案:112.Which kind of trade term give the largest responsibility to the seller?答案:DDP3.FOBLiner Terms means the loading cost is on the buyer's side.答案:对4.CFR is only used for waterway transport.答案:对5.Both CIF and CIP could be used for all kinds of transport mode.答案:错第三章测试1.Sales by description include sales bygrade;specification;brand2.The quality of the cargo cannot be lower than the quality of sample, but couldbe higher than it.答案:错3.The name of commodity should be precise and commonly used in order toavoid misunderstanding and overadvertisement.答案:对4.According to UCP600, the quantity tolerance does not apply when the Creditstipulates the quantity in terms of a stated number of packing units.答案:对5.It is wise to use some special and uncommon names of commodity ininternational trade.错第四章测试1.What are the eaturesof Liner transport答案:standard rate;fixed schedule;including loading and unloading cost;fixed routes2.Surcharges of liner equal Basic Freight times Surcharges rate答案:对3."Shipment by first available steamer" is a reasonable way to state time ofshipment.答案:错4.Atthe request of the shipper, the carrier issuesB/L on thedate earlierthantheactual date of shipment.This is ( )答案:ante-dated B/L5.If the shipper failed to load and unload within the specified time, it needs topay demurrage to ship owner.答案:对第五章测试1.Hookdamage is one kind of ( )答案:General Extraneous Risks2.Failureto delivery is one kind of ( )答案:Special Extraneous Risks3.FPA does not cover partial loss caused by natural calamity before and afterfortuitous accidents.答案:错4.WPA does not cover partial loss caused by natural calamity.答案:错5.Total loss and partial loss caused by general extraneous risks are included byAll Risks.答案:对第六章测试1.CFR price plus freight equals CIF price.答案:错2.CFR price plus insurance fee equals CIF price.答案:对3.FOB price plus freight and insurance fee equals CIP price.答案:错4.FOB price plus freight equals CFR price.答案:对5.FOBD 5% Guangzhou USD100 per case means discount rate is 5%.答案:对第七章测试1.There are 2 basic parties for bill of exchange.答案:错2.D/P means the documents will be transferred to the buyer after theacceptance.答案:错3.D/A means the documents will be transferred to the buyer after the payment.答案:错4.L/C means the commercial credit instead of bank credit答案:错5.Which one refers to commercial credit instead of bank credit ( )答案:D/P sight ;Remittance ;D/P 30 days;D/A 60 days;D/A 30 days第八章测试1.Force Majeure happened after the contract.答案:对2.Force Majeure is unforeseeable and unavoidable答案:对3.Only buye r’s breach of contract is the reason of claims.答案:错4.Unclear contract clause is also a reason to cause and disputes and claims.答案:对5.Force Majeure usually happens before the contract is signed.答案:错第九章测试1.An offer becomes legally binding upon the parties involved upon itsacceptance.答案:对2. A quotation with “reference only” or “subject to our final confirmation is alsoan offer.答案:错3.Acceptance shouldnot be conditional.答案:对4.Both offer and acceptance can be withdrawn.答案:错5.An offer cannot be changed or cancelled anyway.答案:错第十章测试1.Straight B/L cannot be transfered.答案:对2.Open B/L can be transfered only after indorsement.答案:错3.To order B/L can be transfered only after indorsement.答案:对4.The common percentageof addition is ( )答案:10%5.What forces will determine coverage policy?答案:shipping season;goods;packing;routes and ports第十一章测试1.Barter means directexchange of goods of equivalent oralmostequivalent value.答案:对2.Under compensationtrade, the buyer imported machinery by paying cash.答案:错3.Under processing trade, the processer can utilize labor advantage andintroduce advanced technology.答案:对4.Under barter, trade is linked to credit.答案:错5.Under counter trade, the import and export payments of both parties to thetrade are offset in whole or in part.答案:对。

国际贸易实务双语教程第二版习题参考答案

1 Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business which involved the crossing of national borders 2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies. 3. To gain profit. 4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement. 5. There are four major forms which are the following: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and and Multinational Multinational Enterprise. 6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year. 7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing. 8. Yes. There are great differences between them. 1) 1) direct direct direct investment investment investment takes takes takes place place place when when when control control control follows follows follows the the the investment. investment. investment. It It It usually usually usually means means means high high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties. 2) 2) While While While portfolio portfolio portfolio investments investments investments are are are not not not under under under control. control. control. And And And they they they are are are used used used primarily primarily primarily for for for financial financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments. 9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation). 10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest. 11. 11. The The The choice choice choice of of of forms forms forms is is is influenced influenced influenced by by by the the the objective objective objective being being being pursued pursued pursued and and and the the the environments environments environments in in which the company must operate. 12. 12. It It It is is is limited limited limited by by by the the the number number number of of of people people people intere intere interested sted sted in in in a a a firm‟s firm‟s products products and and and services services services and and and by by customers‟ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm‟s resources.14. 14. Royalties Royalties Royalties means means means the the the payment payment payment for for for use use use of of of assets assets assets from from from abroad, abroad, abroad, such such such as as as for for for trademarks trademarks trademarks patens, patens, copyrights, copyrights, or other expertise under or other expertise under contract contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising. 15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers‟ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.I 8.G 9.F 10.H III Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润边际利润 16收入及支出；岁入及岁出收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率市场占有率 17超额能力超额能力 8贸易歧视贸易歧视 18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人；经纪人9时机选择时机选择 19全部包建的工程承包方式全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期经销周期 20许可证协定许可证协定IV Case Study 1 [Answer]：Batteries Batteries called called called "white "white "white elephant" elephant" elephant" exported exported exported from from from China China China were were were very very very popular popular popular in in in Southeast Southeast Southeast Asia, Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the the battery battery battery or or or the the the price price price of of of reasons, reasons, reasons, so so so he he he asked asked asked his his his staff staff staff to to to investigate. investigate. investigate. Finally Finally Finally he he he found found found that that that is is is the the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which which meant meant meant something something something were were were no no no use use use but but but cumbersome cumbersome cumbersome in in in Western Western Western countries. countries. countries. It It It was was was really really really a a a bad bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, legend, there there there was was was a a a king king king who who who hated hated hated a a a minister, minister, minister, so so so he he he gave gave gave a a a white white white elephant elephant elephant to to to the the the minister minister minister for for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome. V . OpenVI.Translate the following into English 1. Trade is often the …engine‟ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many many ways. ways. ways. Among Among Among them them them are are are the the the benefits benefits benefits of of of specialization; specialization; specialization; the the the favorable favorable favorable effects effects effects of of of international international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment. 2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between between nations. nations. nations. Nations Nations Nations such such such as as as Greece Greece Greece and and and Norway Norway Norway have have have large large large maritime maritime maritime fleets fleets fleets and and and provide provide transportation transportation service. service. service. This This This is is is a kind a kind of invisible trade. I nvisible trade Invisible trade can be as important to to some some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities. 3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area. 4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy buy goods goods goods and and and services services services from from from abroad abroad abroad on on on a a a barter barter barter basis. basis. basis. Barter Barter Barter means means means doing doing doing business business business by by by exchanging exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a cou n try‟s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing ntry‟s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade. Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited) II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying; 2.agent, foreign/overseas; mission; 4.own; 5.setting; 6.patent; 7.profits; 8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiary III. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. T IV . Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested 1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract. 2. 2. Withdrawal: Withdrawal: It It means means means an an an offer offer offer by by by the the the offerer offerer offerer has has has been been been withdrawn withdrawn withdrawn before before before it it it is is is reached reached reached to to to the the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force. 3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter. 4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer. 5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V . Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son, 19 Cheapside, London, E.C.2 Dear Sirs, We have obtained y our name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district. We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration. We are looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars: KeyDear Sirs, Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your your customers customers customers for for for our our our raincoats. raincoats. raincoats. Our Our Our "D.D." "D.D." "D.D." range range range is is is particularly particularly particularly suitable suitable suitable for for for warm warm warm climates, climates, climates, and and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface. For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows: "D.D." Raincoats 100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450 100 men's small 14.0 1,400 100 women's medium 13.2 1,320 100 women's small 12.7 1,270 US$ 5,440 Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sight Shipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C. This This offer offer offer is is is subject subject subject to to to our our our final final final confirmation. confirmation. confirmation. We We We feel feel feel you you you may may may be be be interested interested interested in in in our our our other other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference. We are awaiting your early orders. Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys: Dear Sirs, We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms. Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests. In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods ” or “drawing on us at 60 day ‟s sight ”. Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely,VIII. Translate the followings into English1). Economic activity began with the cavemen, who was economically self-sufficient. He did his own hunting, found his own shelter, and provided for his own needs. As primitive populations grew and developed, the principle of division of labor evolved. One person was more able to perform some activity than another, and therefore each person concentrated on what he did best. While one hunted, another fished. The hunter then traded his surplus to the fisherman, and each benefited from the variety of diet. In today‟s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self -sufficient nations are self-sufficient. self-sufficient. Nations Nations Nations have have have utilized utilized utilized different different different economic economic economic resources; resources; resources; people people people have have have developed developed developed different different skills. This is the foundation of international trade and economic activities. Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned mentioned above, above, above, is is is that that that no no no nation nation nation has has has all all all of of of the the the commodities commodities commodities than than than it it it needs. needs. needs. Raw Raw Raw materials materials materials are are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa, and petroleum is recovered in Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them. Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar. Third, one nation can sell some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other other countries. countries. countries. It It It is is is cheaper cheaper cheaper for for for the the the United United United States States States to to to buy buy buy these these these from from from Japan Japan Japan than than than to to to produce produce produce them them domestically. Finally, foreign trade takes place because of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces produces more more more automobiles automobiles automobiles than than than any any any other other other country, country, country, it it it still still still imports imports imports large large large quantities quantities quantities of of of autos autos autos from from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.2). The different kinds of trade nations engaged in are varied and complex, a mixture of visible and invisible trade. Most nations are more dependent on exports than on any other activity. The earnings from exports pay for the imports that they need and want. A nation‟s balance of payment is a record of these complex transactions. By reflecting all of these transactions in monetary terms , a nation is able to to combine combine combine the the the income income income it it it receives, receives, receives, for for for example, example, example, from from from exports, exports, exports, tourists tourists tourists expenditures, expenditures, expenditures, and and and immigrant immigrant remittances. This combined incomes is t hen spent then spent on such items as manufactured goods from o ther other countries, travel for its citizens to other countries, and the hiring of construction engineers. IX. Case Study [Answer]: A 公司与B 公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A 公司对包装做出了要求。

帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案（双语）

Chapter 1IYES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text. II流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货交易出口退税倾销出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额贸易顺差／贸易逆差欧盟国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易excess liquidityself-sufficienteconomic resourcesdirect investmentbalance of paymentsbarterexport tax rebatedumpingexport-driven economic growthhost countrybalance of tradefavorable/unfavorable balance of trade European Unionfavorable/unfavorable balance of payments visible tradeinvisible tradetrade in goodstrade in servicesIIIThe chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance. The U.S. has a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 billion at the end of the year.IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods.3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4. International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5. FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.V1. International trade is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across national boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes thepurchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2. In today's complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the economic resources (land, labor and capital) that it needs to develop its economy and culture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs. As for the preference reasons, international trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3. In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators, namely, balance of trade and balance of payments.4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations. It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign company is trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure, national supporting industry, key projects, etc.Chapter 2I关税壁垒非关税壁垒从量税配额保护性关税市场失灵幼稚产业许可证制度财政关税政府采购贸易保护主义从价税最低限价本地采购规则增加内需Domestic content Red-tape barriers Export subsidies Binding quota Absolute quotas VERTariff-rate quotas Zero quota "Buy local" rules Tariff barriersnon-tariff barriers specific dutiesquotaprotective tariff market failureinfant industry licensing system Revenue tariff government procurement trade protectionismAd Valorem Duties floor price"buy local" rulesraise domestic demand 国内含量进口环节壁垒出口补贴绑定配额绝对配额自愿出口限制关税配额零配额本地采购原则II1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。

帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案(双语)

Chapter 1IYES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text。

IIIThe chart above shows the U。

S。

imports from China, U。

S。

exports to China and the trade balance。

The U。

S. has a negative trade balance with China，and it has been growing。

During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%，indicating that the trade deficit is increasing。

There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39。

5 billion at the end of the year。

IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods。

3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in。

4。

International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5. FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company。

帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习答案(双语)

Chapter 1IYES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.IIIThe chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance. The U.S. has a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 billion at the end of the year.IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods.3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4. International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5. FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.V1. International trade is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across national boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes thepurchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2. In today's complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the economic resources (land, labor and capital) that it needs to develop its economy and culture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs. As for the preference reasons, international trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3. In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators, namely, balance of trade and balance of payments.4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations. It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign company is trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure, national supporting industry, key projects, etc.Chapter 2II1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。