2014年考研华中师范大学学科教学(英语)833 真题(回忆版)
华师333历年真题及答案整理
华中师范大学333教育综合真题整理教育学原理一.名词解释1.学校教育(2014、2012、2010) p29答：a.狭义的教育中的一种就是学校教育，学校教育主要指专门组织的教育。
它是根据一定社会的现实和未来的需要，遵循受教育者身心发展的规律，有目的、有计划、有组织地引导受教育者主动地学习，积极进行经验的改组和改造，促使他们提高素质、健全人格的一种活动，以便把受教育者培养成为适应一定社会的需要，促进社会的发展，追求和创造人的合理存在的人。
学校教育对人的发展起着主导性的作用。
（知识点）b.狭义的教育中重要的一种就是学校教育，学校教育主要指专门有组织的教育，指教育者根据一定的社会或阶级的要求，有目的有组织有计划地对教育者身心施加影响，把他们培养成一定社会或阶级所需要的人的活动。
学校教育对人的发展起着主导性的作用。
（试题）2.教育制度(2014) p47答：教育制度是一个国家各级各类教育机构与组织的体系及其管理规则，其核心部分是学校教育制度。
3.体育（2013）p46答：体育是指授予学生健身知识、技能，发展学生体力、增强学生体质的教育。
体力和体质的发展非常重要，是人的个性全面发展的生理基础。
人们进行生产劳动、社会活动、军事活动和幸福生活都需要强健的体魄作基础。
所以，体育是全面发展教育的重要组成部分。
4.形成性评价(2013) p69答：是在教学进程中对学生的知识掌握和能力发展的比较经常而及时的测评与反馈。
5.教育目的（2012、2010） p42答：教育目的是把受教育者培养成为一定社会所需要的人的总要求，是学校教育所要培养的人的质量规格。
教育目的有广义和狭义之分。
广义的教育目的是指存在于人的头脑之中的对受教育者的期望和要求。
狭义的教育目的是指由国家提出的教育总目的和各级各类学校的教育目标，以及课程与教学等方面对所培养的人的要求。
教育目的的层次结构：一是国家或社会所规定的教育的总目的；二是各级各类学校的培养目标；三是课程目标；四是教学目标。
2014年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研试题(回忆版)
回忆版）
（回忆版
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英语翻译基础考研试题（
2014年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研试题
本试题由网友perseveranceZY提供 词条英汉互译
一、词条英汉互译
英译汉
英译汉
1、Porsche
2、office of the United States Trade Representatives
3、PIF
4、CSD
5、ASEAN
6、ITU
7、UNDP
8、IBRD
9、United combatant Demands
10、league of Arab States
11、UN Charter
还有4个记不起了
汉译英
汉译英
1、国家计划生育委员会
2、国家海关总署
3、江南水乡
4、人民英雄纪念碑
5、法律援助服务委员会
6、国务院办公厅
7、二十四节气
8、国家海洋局
9、国家安全部
10、国家质量技术监督局
还有几个好像都是国家机构部门
二、篇章翻译
篇章翻译
英译汉
英译汉
1、一篇是华师参考书里面的一段文章，形容Noelle的美貌的
2、还有一篇是讲海洋的，在庄绎传的《英汉翻译简明教程》里见过，大家
可以看看。
汉译英
汉译英
《长生殿》的剧情介绍，什么“唐明皇的宠妃杨玉环不仅娇羞动人，而且能歌善舞。
入宫便集万千宠爱于一身等等，”
以上试题来自网友的回忆，仅供参考，纠错请发邮件至suggest@。
2011年华中师范大学833写作翻译考研试题(回忆版)
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2014华师英语考试满分答案
2014华师英语考试满分答案1．第1题（）road out of town is good. But this one is better than the other.D.Neither（）that leather shoes are hand-made, the price seems reasonable.D.ConsideringEarly to bed and early to rise（）a man healthy, wealthy and wise.C.makesEveryone else was killed in the accident. I was the only one to（）.D.surviveGood care must（）babies particularly while they are ill.D.be taken ofHardly had Julie graduated from university （）she got a job in a bank.C.whenHe as well as I（）the suggestion you put forward just now.D.agrees toHe didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch（）.B.repairedHe finished his lunch very fast, because he（）attend an important meeting.D.had toHe won’t（）to bring me my umbrella unless I tell him again.C.rememberI am going to（）a group of foreign guests.A.receiveI asked him to（）me a few minutes so that we could go over the problems.C.spareI bought a shirt because it was good in quality and（）in price.A.reasonableI don’t trust him at all. His smiles always make me（）.D.sickI like spring. I hope good weather will（）.B.stayIf we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,（）great it is.C.howeverIf you drink too much, your health will get even（）.C.worse In today’s newspaper, it（）that there will be strong wind this afternoon.D.saysLast summer I took a course on（）.A.how to make dressesThe great noise produced by the machine will sooner or later do（）to the workers’hearing.D.harmThe thing that（）is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.A.mattersThere are altogether fifty students in our class, twenty（）are boys.C.of whomThis hotel （）$ 60 for a single room with bath.D.chargesThis room is（）as large as that.C.one and a half timesVery seldom（）that two clocks or watches exactly agree.D.do you findWe have studied English for only one year,（）we can perform English short plays already.C.yetWe were so late getting to the theatre that we missed most of（）.B.act oneWho is going to （）the telephone ?C.answerWill the（）of houses and land continue to increase?B.value You can take as many as you like because they are free of （）.B.charge要是有更多的钱，我就能在市区买一套公寓了。
各个学校333教育综合真题
2013年东北师范大学333教育综合真题
教育学原理
一、名词解释
1.义务教育
2.活动课程
3.班级授课制
4.教学直观性原则
二、简答题
1.简述我国的教育目的在《教育法》中的体现，其中体现的精神实质是什么？
2.简述教学与智育的关系
三、论述题
1.有人说“一两遗传胜过万吨黄金”，这种说法对么？说明你的道理。
抱怨：我给了他们机会，可是他们不珍惜，只好我自己报了答案，我也没有办法。
问题1.这位教师的行为是否合适，为什么？
问题2.如果换作是你，你会怎么做。
2014年东北师范大学893语文课程与教学论真题完整版（BY耗子）
一、名词解释。（每小题6分，共30分）
1、 语文 2、副板书 3、助读系统 4、发展性评价 5、理解性阅读
根据材料分析杜威的教育思想
德育原则的理论与实际相结合的原则
有意义学习的实质与条件
四川师大2013年教育学综合(333)考研真题
名词解释：教育，合作学习，教学相长，苏格拉底法，多元智力，学习动机
简述：
1.孔丘的教学思想
2.几种代表性的教育起源理论
3.影响创造性学习的因素
4.建构主义学习理论的主张
论述题：
中国教育史
一、名词解释
1.学记
2.中华职业教育社
二、论述题
1.试论述孔子教学方法及其现实意义
外国教育史
一、简答题
1.简述苏格拉底法的基本内容。
二、论述题
1.试论述杜威的课程与教材论的相关内容及其现实意义。
心理学
一、简答题
1.简述科尔伯格的道德发展理论。
试题
2014年华中师范大学学科教学(思政)考研真题（回忆版）一、简答题1.高中思想政治课的理念2.教学设计的内容3.高中思想政治教材的特点4.思想政治教学评价的种类5.简要介绍案例教学模式和基本操作程序二、论述题1.教师专业发展的基本途径2.启发式在思想政治教学中运用的基本要求三、小论文。
材料大概就是围绕生活开展教育，自选主题，不少于1000字。
2013年华中师大学科教学（思政）806教学论真题（完整版）一、简答：10分1题，共6题1、高中思想政治课的课程理念2、教学模式演变发展的趋势3、思政课教学评价的原则4、思政课教学方案设计的基本要求5、课程标准的含义及作用6、教学最优化的含义及标准二、论述：20分1题，共2题1、新课改的发展历程及给思想政治课带来的变化2、常言道：教学有法，教无定法，贵在得法。
如何理解这句话。
三、小论文：1题50分主要讲述一位有着30多年教龄的俄国教师，在一堂公开课中，听课的领导和教师本想做些记录以做评价，但听得太入神竟忘了做记录。
课后，一位教师问：“您的课讲得非常好，每一句话都有很大的感染力，这节课您不止花了一小时去准备吧？”答曰：“我用了一辈子的时间去准备，实际上，每一堂课我都用了一生的时间去准备，而就这节课或者这个课题我只准备了15分钟。
”要求：1、根据材料蕴含的深刻寓意，自选角度，自主命题写一篇小论文，字数不少于1200字。
2012年一、简答：10分1题，6题共60分1、生活化理论2、资源类型3、课程标准和教材（与教学的）关系4、课堂教学要求5、说课内容6、传统教学媒体和现代媒体的关系二、论述：20分1题，2题共40分1、思政与德育的关系2、教学评价的基本追求三、小论文：50分1题教师素养复试真题：只有5道题，共100分1、生活化理论2、课程标准和教材（与教学的）关系3、课堂教学要求4、说课内容5、教学方法的选择2014教育综合一、选择教育学研究对象制约教育时也发展的规模和速度的是提高教学质量的关键学校的工作中心活动课程提出者平民教育家国防教育法自我效能感的提出者布卢姆的教育目标认知情感？社会契约原则是柯尔伯格的哪个阶段二、名词解释学校教育教育制度苏格拉底方法元认知三、简答现代教育的生态文明德育途径蔡元培的教育方针心理健康的标准四、论述联系中小学实际论述处理直接关系和间接关系卢梭的自然主义教育和当代社会价值接受学习和发现学习的异同2013年二．名词解释体育形成性评价白板说程序性知识三。
华中师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年
华中师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Translation of terms or phrases(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、A. Translate the following English terms and phrases into Chinese:(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.ADB（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank)2.UN Charter（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：联合国宪章3.ASEAN-Association of Southeast Asian Nations（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：东盟——东南亚国家联盟4.League of Arab states（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：阿拉伯国家联盟5.Office of United States Trade Representatives（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：美国贸易代表办公室6.United Combatant Commands（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：联合作战司令部7.CSD（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：联合国可持续发展委员会(Commission on Sustainable Development)8.ICAO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际民用航空组织(International Civil Aviation Organization)9.IDB（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美洲开发银行(Inter-American Development Bank)10.ILO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization)11.PIF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：太平洋岛国论坛(Pacific Islands Forum)12.UNDP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：联合国开发计划(United Nations Development Programme)13.IMO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization)14.ITU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际贸易组织(International Trade Organization)15.Porsche（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：保时捷三、B. Translate the following Chinese terms and phrases into English:(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.中华人民共和国科学技术部（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：Ministry of Science and Technology of the People"s Republic of China17.国家安全部（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：Ministry of State Security18.民政部（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：Ministry of Civil Affairs19.国家计划生育委员会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：State Family Planning Commission20.国务院办公厅（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：General Office of the State Council21.海关总署（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：customs head office22.国家环境保护总局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：State Environmental Protection Administration of China23.国家质量技术监督局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision24.法律援助服务委员会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Legal Aid Services Council25.中国证券监督管理委员会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：China Securities Regulatory Commission26.国家海洋局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Oceanic Administration27.承德避暑山庄（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Emperor Kangxi"s Summer Mountain Resort in Chengde28.人民英雄纪念碑（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Monument of the People"s Heroes29.二十四节气（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：The 24 Solar Terms30.江南水乡（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River四、Ⅱ. English-Chinese Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.At seventeen the promise of Noelle"s early beauty had been more than fulfilled. She had matured into an exquisite woman. She had fine, delicate features, eyes a vivid violet color and soft ash-blond hair. Her skin was fresh and golden as though she had been dipped in honey. Her figure was stunning, with generous, firm, young breasts, a small waist, rounded hips and long shapelylegs, with delicate ankles. Her voice was distinctive, soft and mellifluous. There was a strong, smoldering sensuality about Noelle, but that was not her magic. Her magic lay in the fact that beneath the sensuality seemed to lie an untouched island of innocence, and the combination was irresistible. She could not walk down the streets without receiving propositions from passersby. They were not the casual offers that the prostitutes of Marseille received as their daily currency, for even the most obtuse men perceived something special in Noelle, something that they had never seen before and perhaps would never see again, and each was willing to pay as much as he could afford to try to make it a part of himself, however briefly.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：诺艾丽十七岁时，早先便有的那种美丽就更加显得出类拔萃。
2014年考研华中师范大学学科教学(英语)833 真题(回忆版)
1. When ouruniversity laboratory bought this microscope we were given a one year’s ______.A.reservationB. securityC. proofD. guarantee2. Don’t ______ about lunch for theinstructors, because they promised to get some on the way.A.botherB. fuseC. troubleD. think3. Caracus has been called the Los Angeles of SouthAmerica; at _______ they look exactly the same.A.short noticeB. first sightC. first impressionD. first appearance4. A Dictionary of the English Language, ______by Dr. Samuel Johnson, was the first real attempt as a systematic andinterestingly written survey of English language.A. constructedB. composedC. compiledD. collected5. After I heard that I took adeferred pass in botany, I was in a _________ emotional state.A. highlyB. doubtfullyC. greatlyD. nervously6. Since I could not see anything trough the microscope, _____ my careful adjustment, I gave up.A. for allB. above allC. after allD. in all7. When the Victorians had family reunions, the hosts went ____ their wayto entertain the guests.A.in forB. overC. out ofD. back on8. We know she was always as _______ as her word, so we trust her.A. goodB. honestC. faithfulD. true9. Tom Stephen gripped the ______ wheel hard as the car bouncedup and down.A.stirringB. drivingC. steeringD. receiving10. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are.A. in spite ofB. in ways ofC. in favor ofD. in terms of11. Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of ________ at people.A. glancingB. peeringC. gazingD. scanning12. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the _______ majority are inactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming13. You see the lightning _____ it happens,but you hear the thunder later.A. the instantB. for an instantC. on the instantD. in an instant14. It rained heavily last night; _______the land was flooded.A.in other wordsB. consequentlyC. in additionD. besides。
2014年考研华南师大英语翻译与写作真题(回忆版)
中译英It was a fine September night, with a silver moon riding high. They washed up the supper dishes and then took their chairs out onto the porch. "I'll get my fiddle（小提琴）," said the old man, "and play you some of the old tunes."But instead of the fiddle he brought out the blanket. It was a big double blanket, red with black stripes."Now, isn't that a fine blanket!" said the old man, smoothing it over his knees. "And isn't your father a kind man to be giving the old fellow a blanket like that to go away with? It cost something, it did—look at the wool of it! There'll be few blankets there the equal of this one!"It was like Granddad to be saying that. He was trying to make it easier. He had pretended all along that he wanted to go away to the great brick building—the government place. There he'd be with so many other old fellows, having the best of everything. . . . But Petey hadn't believed Dad would really do it, not until this night when he brought home the blanket.英译中闲聊时和朋友谈及此事，他以为我是言外之意不在鸡，而是在论人。
华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题
华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Instructions:1. This test is divided into three sections: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, and writing.2. Total test time: 3 hours.3. All answers must be written in English.Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:Technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, altering the way we live, work, and communicate. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant attention and is being integrated into various aspects of our daily lives. Some view AI as a breakthrough technology that has the potential to enhanceefficiency and productivity, while others express concerns about its impact on jobs and personal privacy.Questions:1. What is the main focus of the passage?2. What are the two contrasting views on AI mentioned in the passage?3. How is AI described in terms of its potential impact on society?Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio clips and answer the questions that follow.Clip 1: A news report on the latest technological innovations.Questions:1. What new technology is mentioned in the report?2. How is this technology expected to benefit society?Clip 2: An interview with a renowned AI researcher.Questions:1. What are the key challenges faced by researchers in the field of AI?2. How do you see AI evolving in the future?WritingIn 300-500 words, discuss your perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in today's society. Consider both the benefits and challenges associated with the widespread adoption of AI technologies. Provide examples to support your argument.Good luck!篇2华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Read the passages and answer the questions that follow. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices.Passage 1The Rise of the Gig EconomyIn recent years, the gig economy has been on the rise, transforming the way people work. With the rise of digital platforms like Uber, Airbnb, and TaskRabbit, more and more people are choosing to work as freelancers and independent contractors instead of traditional full-time employment.This shift in the labor market has both positive and negative effects. On one hand, it provides flexibility and autonomy for workers to choose when and where they work. It also creates opportunities for people to earn extra income outside of their regular jobs. On the other hand, it can lead to job insecurity, lack of benefits, and uncertainty about future income.Despite the challenges, the gig economy is here to stay. As technology continues to advance and more people seek flexible work arrangements, the gig economy will only continue to grow in the coming years.1. What is the gig economy?A. Traditional full-time employmentB. Freelance and independent workC. Digital platforms like Uber and AirbnbD. Job insecurity and lack of benefits2. What are some of the positive effects of the gig economy?A. Job insecurity and lack of benefitsB. Flexibility and autonomy for workersC. Uncertainty about future incomeD. Traditional full-time employment3. Why will the gig economy continue to grow in the coming years?A. Technology advancementB. Lack of benefitsC. Job insecurityD. Traditional full-time employmentPassage 2The Benefits of ExerciseRegular exercise has numerous benefits for both the body and mind. Not only does it help you stay physically fit and healthy, but it also has positive effects on your mentalwell-being.On a physical level, exercise can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. It can also improve your cardiovascular health, strengthen your muscles and bones, and increase your overall energy levels.But the benefits of exercise go beyond just physical health. Research has shown that regular exercise can also have a positive impact on mental health. It can help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve cognitive function, and boost your mood.In conclusion, making exercise a regular part of your routine can have a lasting impact on your overall health and well-being.4. What are some of the benefits of exercise on a physical level?A. Increase symptoms of depression and anxietyB. Reduce the risk of chronic diseasesC. Improve cognitive functionD. Decrease overall energy levels5. How can exercise benefit mental health?A. Increase symptoms of depression and anxietyB. Boost your moodC. Strengthen your muscles and bonesD. Reduce the risk of chronic diseases6. What is the conclusion regarding the benefits of exercise?A. Exercise has no impact on overall health and well-beingB. Exercise can have positive effects on both physical and mental healthC. Exercise can only improve cognitive functionD. Regular exercise is not important for maintaining good healthPart II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are twenty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.7. I have never seen such a beautiful sunset before, ______ this one over the ocean.A. asB. likeD. except8. ______ the rain, the game will still go on as planned.A. WhetherB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. Since9. The new manager has made some significant changes in the company, ______ morale has improved.A. whateverB. whichC. thatD. whose10. ______ I have known her for years, I still don't know her very well.A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. SincePart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1The Rise of Remote WorkRemote work has become increasingly popular in recent years, with more and more companies allowing employees to work from home or other locations outside of the office. This shift has been driven by advances in technology, as well as the desire for more flexible work arrangements.11. What has driven the rise of remote work?A. Advances in technologyB. Lack of desire for flexible work arrangementsC. More companies requiring employees to work from homeD. None of the above12. Why have more companies allowed employees to work remotely?A. To increase employee productivityB. To save on office space and overhead costsC. To give employees more flexibility in their work arrangementsD. To force employees to work longer hours13. What are some of the benefits of remote work?A. More employee surveillanceB. Increased face-to-face interactionsC. Greater flexibility for employeesD. More rigid work schedulesPassage 4The Importance of Work-Life BalanceMaintaining a healthy work-life balance is essential for overall well-being. It is important to take breaks and disconnect from work in order to recharge and prevent burnout. Finding time for leisure activities, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones is equally important.16. Why is maintaining a healthy work-life balance important?A. To prevent burnoutB. To work longer hoursC. To increase stress levelsD. To avoid leisure activities17. How can taking breaks and disconnecting from work benefit you?A. Decrease energy levelsB. Increase stress levelsC. Recharge and prevent burnoutD. None of the above18. What should be included in a healthy work-life balance?A. Working longer hoursB. Neglecting leisure activities and hobbiesC. Spending time with loved onesD. None of the aboveConclusion:The gig economy, the benefits of exercise, remote work, and work-life balance are all important topics in today's society. It's crucial for individuals to understand these concepts and howthey can impact their lives both professionally and personally. By staying informed and making conscious choices about how we work and live, we can create a more fulfilling and balanced life for ourselves. Good luck on your exam!篇3华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Part A: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Computers are an indispensable part of our contemporary world. Their generality, versatility and performance have made them an important tool in everyday life. While computers offer many benefits, their rapid development has also brought about new challenges to society.1. According to the passage, computers have become an important tool for what reason?A. Their generality and versatility.B. Their rapid development.C. Their performance.D. None of the above.2. What has computers' rapid development brought about, according to the passage?A. Challenges to society.B. Benefits to society.C. More jobs for people.D. Better communication among people.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of computers in our contemporary world.B. The challenges brought about by the rapid development of computers.C. The benefits of computers in everyday life.D. The generality and versatility of computers.4. What word can best describe computers, according to the passage?A. Indispensable.B. Limiting.C. Optional.D. Outdated.5. What is the author's tone in the passage?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent....Part B: Writing (60 points)Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of about 500 words on the following topic. You should first draft your essay, and then proofread it. Your essay should bewell-organized, and your ideas should be clearly stated. Youshould avoid repetition, and use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary.Topic: Discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society.In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements and has started to permeate various aspects of our lives. Some argue that AI has the potential to revolutionize society, while others fear the consequences of its rapid development. In your essay, discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society. Consider both the positive and negative aspects of this technology and provide examples to support your arguments.Overall, the final exam for the graduate students at Huazhong Normal University covers a range of topics related to English language proficiency and critical thinking skills. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of the material and their ability to analyze and synthesize information effectively. This exam serves as a comprehensive assessment of their academic progress and readiness for future challenges in their academic and professional careers.。
2014华中师范英语学科教学考研真题
2014华中师范英语学科教学考研真题第一部分14年的教育综合333真题回忆。
今年的真题真的超出我预料了，往年的试题均表明华中喜欢参考其他院校往年或自己学校往年的真题，喜欢考苏联教育家，但今年...特别是简答和论述，基本上是新的，还出到了不怎么是重点的卢梭，拿到卷子吓尿，名字都写错地方了，唉。
真题回忆一、单选10个二、名词解释1元认知2学校教育3教育制度4（忘记了）三、简答1蔡元培教育方针2心理健康的标准3教育的生态功能4简述德育的途径四、论述1联系中小学实际说明直接经验与间接经验的关系2卢梭的自然主义教育思想及对现在教育的启示3接受学习和发现学习的异同点第二部分经验或者教训吧。
首先，我是从差不多7、8月份才开始准备的，但我觉得只要认真，时间绝对够了，开始太早反而容易懈怠，效率不高，后期也容易疲劳。
下面是各科的情况：1.政治去年考研失败多就是在政治上，这次考完感觉要稍微好些，高中时理科生，全无基础。
未报班，前期就是看肖秀荣的精讲精练，看了2遍，然后大纲出来，买了一本风中劲草，这本书最大的优点就是简略，而且标注了大纲新增或改动的点，很有针对性，但弱点就是太简略以至于有些点给略过或阐述不清楚，所以我的建议还是大家结合两本书来吧。
至于红宝书，个人的看法是，全本书从头到尾全是一样的字体，重点新增点改动点都没有，看着容易犯困。
不过很权威是真的。
看各人的想法吧，只是红宝书不太适合我。
后期等各大机构的预测题、押宝题出来，狂背死背，这个真的没有办法，推荐肖秀荣的最后四套卷，听说今年蒋中挺老师的预测很准，没听他的我也不清楚了。
另外，可能的话还是在休息时关注一下肖秀荣、田维彬、蒋中挺等等老师的微博，今年从老师的微博获得了很多消息，很有用的，别只埋头读书不知道这些有用信息。
2.英语（二）英语专业出来的，相信不会有人觉得英语二难，但是做题的时候千万要小心，特别是阅读，有些选项都是出现过得信息，要仔细辨别。
考完过后觉得英语二的题出的还是有那么一点点瑕疵，有2个阅读还是有点争议的，不好判断。
华中师范大学专业课二833（2019考研回忆版）
华中师范大学专业课二833（2019考研回忆版）华中师范大学专业课二833(2019考研回忆版）阅读:两篇，第一篇11个小题，第二篇9个小题，均为选择题。
第一篇讲的是: how fatigue affects human creativity.疲劳对人的创造力有怎样的印象。
全篇的中心主旨是说疲劳有利于人的创造，里面讲了几个实验，比如有一个实验是让一个疲劳的人和正常人去区别单词。
处于疲劳状态的人和不疲劳的人在区别一些有关联的词(related words)的时候没有太大区别，但是区别没有关联性(unrelated words)的词时，那些很疲劳的人的区分能力明显比常人高。
(这个实验作者还给了一个比较简单的图表)作者的解释是疲劳的人脑子里杂念少，不会想一些奇奇怪怪的事情，所以他们会很自觉的把无关的东西给剔除掉，屏蔽掉。
因而，受的干扰少，区别能力也就更强。
对此文章结尾处作者提议大家:在精疲力尽的时候不要选择休息，而是要做一些事情，因为这个时候你的创造力可能会比平时更大。
第一篇题型:1.文章主要讲什么内容（文章的整体把握)2. 细节题:原因(会换一种方式来表达，eg.换词)3.猜单词(milder)这个单词我认识就很简单，就是选项D: weaker4. 因为这个里面有很多个实验，所以有问到下面哪个选项与实验的思想，结论是一致的。
5.获取图表信息:上面提到过里面有一个表，所以就有问从表中可以获得什么有关实验的结论。
第二篇:文章大体是讲影响植物生长的因素，比如有生长在中高纬度的ridge(山脊)和生长在valley(山谷)的不同，获取的阳光，温度，土壤，天气（比如下雪)，植物自身的形态(比如高度，又如是不是常绿，矮的就没有那么容易被刮倒，常绿就是常年都有叶子，那营养供给情况就不同)，风速等等。
(因为整片文章每段都几乎在讲一个或者几个因素，整体稍微有点散，所以记得也不是特别清楚)第二篇题型:1.考查句子理解:文章开头提出了两个概念，具体记不起来了，好像是两个地带中间一个过渡地带，一个好像是矮的灌木丛与沙漠中间的过渡带还有一个也是有树与没有树(treeless)中间的一个过渡带，问你这两个概念的共同点，提供的选项有比如都是一个分界线，或者都是从有树到没树这种。
2014年华中师范大学英语专业考研基础英语真题
华中师范大学二〇一四年研究生入学考试试题院系、招生专业: 外国语学院英语语言文学外国语言文学及应用语言文学考试时间：元月5日午考试科目代码及名称：713基础英语I. In each of the following sentences, 4 WWORDS or PHRASES have been underlined. Choose the one word or phrase that would NOT be appropriate in standard English. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (15/150)1.Studies have suggested that eating nuts—almonds in particular—might help toAlower blood cholesterol levels in humans and reducing the risk of heart diseaseB Cby protecting the blood vessels.D2. Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and uncle flew from Turkey to visit their relativesAand tour the United States, Marry invited Sandy and I to her house to meet them.B C D3. Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations is a novel which the main character becomesAso obsessed with the idea of becoming a gentleman that his moral judgment isB C Dtemporarily affected.4. My roommate, a drama major, claimed that Ibsen’s plays, unlike Ionesco, areA Btotally conventional in their style.C D5. Because our casserole was smelling surprisingly badly as it baked, the food scienceAteacher came over to ask us what we had put it.B C D6. The problem of storing the sun’s heat is supposed to be studied by scientistsA Ball over the world in the past decades.C D7. It is difficult to predict what kinds of books will be popular in the years ahead,A Bbecause tastes change and topics either get overexplored and lost their relevance.C D8. Ms. Kovak proudly displayed her research group’s most ingenious invention, aA Bvacuum cleaner that empties its own dust bag when pressing a button.C D9. Susan is considered to be as intelligent, or more intelligent than the other studentsA B Cin her class.D10. Large sums of money have to spend each year in painting the steel works ofA B Cbridges, ships, and other exposed structures.D11. Only when the book has assumed its final form an author can declare to the readerA Bwhat he thinks he has accomplished.C D12. Betty spent all evening talking about her book, which none of us had ever heard.A B C D13. I have no idea of Mr. Smith having been promoted to the new post. Y ou should tellA B C me about it earlier.D14. It was years after I had visited my hometown, and I was determined to enjoyA B Cmy stay.D15. The more complex a subject becomes, the more necessary is it to break it up into aA B C number of parts which the reader can visualize.DII. Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (15/150)1. She called her friend before she left the city to her friend would miss her.A. insureB. ensureC. assureD. reassure2. The students begin to themselves to their studies after long summer vocation.A. applyB. engageC. convertD. exert3. Before moving to California, Tom Warren has to of his house and the furniture.A. dispenseB. discardC. disposeD. discharge4. The central government is now making unremitting efforts to its policy of poverty relief in the remote rural areas.A. constructB. implementC. demonstrateD. integrate5. Accuracy and expressiveness are the two in translation. The first is to express the exact thought of original article and the second is to make the translation readily understood.A. acquisitionB. inquiriesC. requestsD. requisites6. It is believed that the deal between the two enterprises is finally made through theof the local government.A. conventionB. preventionC. interventionD. termination7. There is no perfect trading system, and each of the proposed ones has its .A. limitationsB. bordersC. frontiersD. prohibitions8. Dr. Hill has just received an invitation from Washington University to join theas a full-time professor.A. committeeB. associationC. facultyD. branch9. People find that expected noise are usually more than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.A. manageableB. controllableC. revocableD. tolerable10. Y ou will have to be very if you want him to come around and approve of the plan.A. diplomaticB. industriousC. vigilantD. sensitive11. The sell their military equipment to whoever needs it, with the purpose of making profit.A. uniqueB. unanimousC. soleD. singular12. Expects suggested that speech stages are reached in the fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who turns out to be of high IQ.A. automaticallyB. eventuallyC. inverselyD. contradictorily13. He has been coughing all day and and has a cold.A. evidentlyB. correspondinglyC. normallyD. admittedly14. This book is wide attention because it gives a detailed description of the life of Princess Diana.A. composed ofB. regardless ofC. worthy ofD. ignorant of15. Would you please these invitations to all the teachers of English department?A. hand overB. hand outC. hand downD. hand inⅢ. Proofreading: (30/150):(Do it in on the ANSWER SHEET)The following passage contains 15 errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error.Y ou should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing wor d, mark the position of the missing word with a“八”andwrite the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Fast food has grown remarkably, not only in the United States, but alsoaround the world. Restaurant chains represent a multi-billion-dollars (1)industry that shows no sign of slowing down. Innovations for operations (2)and products have kept the industry growing and, some cities wouldargue, leading to speeding up the pace of contemporary life. (3) From its inception, fast food has lived up its name. In the early (4)days of fast food, as Americans came to depend more on their cars, outletsoffered drive-in service, enabled customers to park and eat in their cars. (5)This service reduced the cost and established relative low prices. (6) Giving the popularity of fast food for lunch and dinner, it was only a (7)matter of time after marketers and franchisees realized they could (8)expand their line of products by offering breakfast to hungry peoplein a hurry.For many people, moreover, fast food has become symbolic of a (9)fast-paced lifestyle that is neither natural or healthy. An organization (10)called Slow Food was established in Italy in 1986 to oppose fast food andtheir assembly-line approach to cooking and eating. The Slow Food (11) manifesto, endorsing in Paris 1989 by delegates from 15 countries, states, (12)“We are slaved by speed and have all succumbed to the same insidiousvirus: Fast Life, who disrupts our habit, pervades the privacy of our (13)homes and forces us to eat Fast Foods.” To fight the positive connotations (14)of fast food, many companies now emphasize on the word “fresh” (15)in their advertising and use the term “quick service” to describe theiroperations.Ⅳ. Fill in each blank with THE BEST ANSWER from the four choices given under the correspondent number. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (30/150)One of the most pressing challenges that the world will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing 1 the environment. The consequences are just too great to 2 . Wildlife habitats are being degraded or disappearing altogether as new developments 3 more land. Plant and animal species are becoming 4 at a greater rate now than at any time in Earth’s history. 5 as 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks are over-exploited. And the list goes on.6 , there is reason to have hope for the future.7 in computing power and molecular biology are among the tremendous increases in scientific capability that are helping researchers8 a better understanding of these problems. Recent developments in science and technology could provide the9 for some major, and timely actions that would 10 our understanding of how human activities affect the environment.One priority for research is improving hydrological forecasting. It has been 11 that the world’s water use could triple in the next two decades. Already, widespread water 12 have occurred in parts of China, India, North Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. The need for water also is taking its toll on freshwater ecosystems in the United States. Only two percent of the nation’s streams are considered in good 13 , and close to 40 percent of native fish 14 are rare to extinct.To prevent outbreaks of 15 diseases in plants, animals, and humans, more study is needed on how pathogens, parasites, and disease-carrying species——as 16 as humans and other species they infect——are 17 by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics both in humans and in farm animals has 18 to the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Researchers 19 new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and 20 the effects that environmental changes might have on disease outbreaks.1. A. at B. in C. cover D. on2. A. notice B. speculate C. ignore D. emphasize3. A. take over B. take up C. take in D. take on4. A. dangerous B. risky C. extinct D. insecure5. A. As B. So C. Too D. very6. A. Likewise B. Y et C. Consequently D. Furthermore7. A. Advances B. projects C. Inventions D. Proposals8. A. hold B. receive C. gain D. pay9. A. basis B. base C. stage D. ground10. A. affirm B. consolidate C. hinder D. improve11. A. advocated B. expected C. estimated D. calculated12. A. supply B. use C. pollution D. shortage13. A. health B. condition C. status D. situation14. A. foods B. products C. species D. races15. A. serious B. infectious C. fetal D. deadly16. A. much B. long C. well D. far17. A. affected B. restricted C. distributed D. compensated18. A. referred B. allocated C. contributed D. attributed19. A. call in questionB. take advantage ofC. give rise toD. bring into operation20. A. see B. report C. guess D. predictV. Read the following passages carefully and choose THE ONE BEST ANSWER to each question from the four choices given. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (20/150)Text A[1] “Aggression”means a mixture of three features: injury (real or symbolic), intent, and emotion. Having a toe trodden upon may or may not make you the object of aggression: it all depends on the emotion and intent of a man inside the boot. One recurring question is the exact nature of the motivation. If the answers to this and similar questions were known, better solutions might be offered. Instead, the expects continue to offer contradictory opinions. It has been suggested that competitive sports decrease aggression. But many have suggested that such sports may cause it. Similar conflicting opinions have been offered about violence on film and television. How do we begin to make sense of rival views? One way is by looking at how the ideas developed historically.[2] When Freud first considered human aggression, he suggested that it originated from the blocking of a pleasure-seeking drive. He later changed his mind, suggesting that the aggressive drive was something independent of the blocking of pleasure, and that aggression was inherent part of human conditions. These two very different views have formed the basis of contemporary thinking on the nature of aggression. Freud’s earlier idea, that it originated from the blocking of a pleasure drive, led to the frustration theory. It suggested that interference with any pleasure including, or rewarding activity, once this had begun, would produce a state of frustration, which would then evoke anger. The frustration theory has stimulated much research on both human and animals. But its limitations in explaining all human aggression are now very apparent. If you are frustrated, for example, by someone turning up to an appointment on time, anger is indeed a likely outcome. Bur so other reactions: anxiety and nervousness, trying to find the missing person, or making light of the situation by joking.[3] Freud’s later idea—that there is a separate aggressive drive—influenced a totally different set of ideas. Most important among these is the notion that the act of violence can release a tense which has previously built up in someone. Ideas of this sort not only have a long history, but also have a intuitive appeal because of thefeeling of relief that often follows an emotional act, such as an aggressive outburst. The later Freud saw aggression as a drive building up spontaneously until the act occurred, which then reduced the tension. This embodies a profoundly pessimistic belief about human nature. It led Freud to comment that it is fruitless to try to eliminate human violence, but we can only provide safe outlets for it.[4] One extension of the frustration approach is my own discrepancy theory, which I originally put forward to explain the animal fighting. Animal fight in response to sudden pain or novelty or frustration. All three situations can be thought of in terms of animal finding a large discrepancy between events and what is expecting on the basis of its past experience. When this happens, either fear or aggression is likely to occur, though many traditional factors will determine which of the two takes place in a given situation. On this view, aggression occurs because the animal compares events in its environment with its expectations built up from the past experiences.[5] The same idea can be extended to human aggression. We are likely to become angry when our expectations, wishes, beliefs or attitudes are not fulfilled by what we experience. One very clear example occurs after a person has lost a marriage partner, close relative or friend. There is distress, and attempts to escape, at first. These are replaced later by aggression.1. The author of the passage believes that if we know the nature of aggressionA. we may find better ways to deal with human violenceB. we may better understand people’s intent and emotionC. we may have a clear view of its historical developmentD. experts may stop arguing about violence on film and television2. Freud thought later on that human aggression was caused byA. the blocking of a pleasure driveB.an inherent aggressive driveC. frustration, anger and anxietyD. unexpected failures3. Freud’s later idea is pessimistic because it implies thatA. it’s impossible to eliminate human violenceB. it’s impossible to find safe outlets for violenceC. man will never understand the nature of aggressionD. man will never find ways to reduce tension4. The author’s own theory is influenced byA. Freud’s earlier ideaB. Freud’s later ideaC. research on animalsD. studies on frustration5. according to the author, whether fear or aggression occurs in a situation of discrepancy is determined byA. the extent of discrepancyB. the degree of frustrationC. our expectationsD. other factorsText B[1] Consider the puppy. At only three weeks of age, this tiny ball of fur has already begun gnawing, pawing, and tugging at its littermates. At four to five weeks, its antics rival those of a rambunctious child, chasing and wrestling with its siblings at all hours of the day and night.[2]Such behavior is not unusual among social animals. From human children to whales to sewer rats, many groups of mammals and even some birds play for a significant fraction of their youth. Brown bear cubs, like puppies and kittens, stalk and wrestle with one another in imaginary battles. Wolves play solitary games with rocks and sticks.Chimpanzees tickle one another.[3]However fascinating these displays of youthful exuberance may be, play among animals was ignored by scientists for most of this century. Biologists assumed that this seemingly purposeless activity had little effect on animal development, was not a distinct form of behavior, and was too nebulous a concept either to define or to study. Even the term "play" caused problems for researchers, because it suggests that watching animals goof off is not an activity for serious scientists.[4]But a steady accumulation of evidence over the past two decades now suggests that play is a distinct form of behavior with an important role in the social, physical, and mental development of many animals. In one study, kittens, mice, and rats were found to play the most at ages when permanent changes were occurring in their muscle fiber and the parts of their brains regulating movement. Kittens were 30 most playful between 4 and 20 weeks of age; rats, from 12 to 50 days; and mice, from 15 to 29 days. Development at those ages is comparable to that of a two-year-old human infant. At these precise times in the development of these animals, muscle fibers differentiate and the connections to areas of the brain regulating movement are made. Such changes apparently are not unique to kittens, mice, and rats,but apply to mammals in general.[5]Thus, research on play has given biologists an important tool with which to probe the development of the brain and 40 motor systems of animals. The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults. By stalking and capturing imaginary prey over and over again, a kitten builds its muscle and brain connections in a way that allows it to perform those actions later in life.[6]Play may also provide insight into the social development of animals. When the rough-and-tumble of play ends traumatically with a yelp or a shriek, young animals may be learning the limits of their strength and how to control themselves among others. Those are essential lessons for an animal living in a close-knit group. Perhaps, some scientists guess, as mammals gathered into social groups, play took on the function of socializing members of the group. Not everyone agrees with this theory, though. Another explanation is that play may not have evolved to confer any advantage but is simply a consequence of higher cognitive abilities or an abundance of nutrition and parental care.[7]Why did play evolve? No one knows for certain, but after ten years of studying brown bears of Alaska, biologist R obert Fagen has his own opinion. “Why do people dance?” he asks. “Why do b irds sing?” For the bears, we are becoming increasingly convinced that aesthetic factors are primary." Sometimes, that is, animals play simply for the fun of it.6. In the paragraph 2, the references to animals primarily serve toA. emphasize physical similarities between and humansB. prove a controversial point about animal playC. suggest that animal play can be difficult to studyD. show the variety of animal play7. Which of the following claims do the findings of "one study" mentioned inParagraph 4 support?A. Play is a key factor in the social organization of some animal groups.B. Most animal species tend to begin playing as they approach adulthood.C. Research into play may help us understand animals’physiological development.D. Researchers do not always recognize behavioral similarities among diversespecies8. How do expect who agree with “this theory”mentioned in Paragraph 6 look at animal play?A. It is an enjoyable activity.B. It serves as a useful purpose.C. It occurs only among mammals.D. It varies from one animal to another.9.The discussion of Robert Fagen’s work serves toA. show that varying explanations may be logically relatedB. expand the discussion by introducing a different opinionC. strengthen the earlier argument with corroborating evidenceD. illustrate the resistance conservative scientists to new ideas10.Fagan compares bears playing to people dancing in order to suggest that bothactivitiesA. have little practical functionB. promote physical coordinationC. are associated wills social developmentD. involve peer groups in shared physical activityⅥ. Read the following article and answer the questions about it in ENGLISH.Y ou may borrow words or phrases from the article, are but not allowed borrow clauses or sentences. Both the content and language accuracy of your answers will be considered. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40/150)[1]If the new art is not accessible to everyone, which certainly seems to be the case, this implies that its impulses are not of a generically human kind. It is an art not for people in general but for a special class who may not be better but who are evidently different.[2]Before we go further, one point must be clarified. What is it that the majority of people call aesthetic pleasure? What happens in their minds when they “like” a work of art; for example, a play? The answer is easy. They like a play when they become interested in the human destinies that are represented, when the love and hatred, the joys and sorrows of the dramatic personages so move them that they participate in it all as though it were happening in real life. And they call a work “good” if it succeeds in creating th e illusion necessary to make the imaginary personages appear like living persons. In poetry the majority of people seek the passion and pain of the human being behind the poet. Paintings attract them if they find in them figures of men or women it would be interesting to meet.[3]It thus appears that to the majority of people aesthetic pleasure means a state of mind that is essentially indistinguishable from their ordinary behavior. It differs merely in accidental qualities, being perhaps less utilitarian, more intense, and free from painful consequences. But the object toward which their attention and, consequently, all their other mental activities are directed is the same as in daily life: people and passions. When forced to consider artistic forms proper-for example, in some surrealistic or abstract art-most people will only tolerate them if they do not interfere with their perception of human forms and fates. As soon as purely aesthetic elements predominate and the story of John and Susie grows elusive, most people feel out of their depth and are at a loss as to what to make of the scene, the book, or the painting. A work of art vanishes from sight for a beholder who seeks in that work of art nothing but the moving fate of John and Susie or Tristan and Isolde. Unaccustomed to behaving in any mode except the practical one in which feelings are aroused and emotional involvement ensues, most people are unsure how to respond toa work that does not invite sentimental intervention.[4]Now this is a point that has to be made perfectly clear. Neither grieving nor rejoicing at such human destinies as those presented by a work of art begins to define true artistic pleasure; indeed, preoccupation with the human content of work is in principle incompatible with aesthetic enjoyment proper.Questions;1. How do you paraphrase the underline sentence in Paragraph 1?2. How does aesthetic pleasure happen to the majority of people?3. How do you paraphrase the underline sentence in Paragraph 3?4. Why, according to this article, can’t most people appreciate a work of abstract art?5. How do you paraphrase the underline sentence in Paragraph 4?。
2014年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)
2014考研英语一试题完整版Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text .Choose the word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET .(10 points)As many p eople hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be .We suddenly can’t remember ___we put the keys just a moment ago ,or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name o f an old band we used to love .As the brain ___,we referto these occurrences an “senior moments.” ___ seemingly innocent , this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) ___impact on our professional, social , and personal___.Neuroscientists ,experts who study the nervous system ,are increasinglyshowing that there’s actually a lot that can be done .It___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do ,and the rightmental ___can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___.Thinking is___essentially a ___of making connections in the brain .To a certainextent ,our ability to ___in marking the connections that drive intelligence is inherited . ability to ___in making the connections aremade t hrough effort and practice ,___,because these connections are made through effort and practice , scientists believe that intelligence canexpand and fluctuate ___ mental effort .Now , a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___and developed thefirst “ brain training program ” designed to actually help peopleimprove and regain their mental ___.The Web-based program ___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills . The program keeps ___of your progress and providesdetailed feedback ___ your performance and improvement .Most importantly,it ___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___ on the strengthsyou are developing - much like a(n) ___ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use .1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obsucure5. [A]wellbeing [B]envirenment [C]relationahip [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]cicumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection 2 Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B,CorD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency." George Osbome, C hancellor of the Exchequer, inroduced the "upfront work search" sebeme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV. registerfor online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligiblefor benefit - and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "There first few days should be spentlooking for work, not looking to sign on." he4 claimed, "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Rellay? On first hearing, thiswas the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for thebetter, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system thatdemands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, andsubsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was hiszeal for "fundamental fairness" - protecting the taxpayer, controllingspending and ensuring that only the most descring claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcenter with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that suport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the workenvironment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, thecrucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answeris always : a job.But in Osbomeland, your first instinct is to fall into depency - permanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready toindulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of erer-thougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happend. Theprinciple of British welfare is no longer that you cna insure yourselfagainst the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments ifthe disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" isabout redefining rhe unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamentalright to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement andno insurance, at $71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborue’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase “to sign on “most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restriction on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance form the government.[D]to attend a government job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged[C]insulted[D]guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the membersof any other profession -with the possible exception of journalism. Butthere are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis spending on legal servicesin America grew twice as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-fullof money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But mostlaw graduates never get a big -firm job. Many of them instead become thekind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costlt nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawer in most American states afour-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school graduate with ＄1000,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies thatgovern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. Oneidea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Anotheris to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stem enough test for a would-be lawyer, thosewho can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do notneed the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-likeownership syucture of the business. Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may n ot own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money r ather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firmsto use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have startedliberalizing there legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients.[B] the increasing pressure of inflation.[C] the prospect of working in big firms.[D] the attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in mostAmerican states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] la wyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers.[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30. In this text, the author mainly discusses[A] flawed owners hip of America’s law firms and causes.[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in American.[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The USS3-millon Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in Mach A nd it is far from the only one of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accountsof internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in theirchosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientistsquoted in the News F eature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige ofthe Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for thosebehind them, say scientists. They could distort the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Somewant to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better rewardthose who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed before, there are some legitimate concerns abouthow s cience prizes –both new and old –are distributed. The breakthrough prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research –as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored whenit comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobelswere, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who haddecided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem c lear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money a nd attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize andquestion the mechanism – that is the culture of research, after all –but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wiseto take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental physics Prize is seen as[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers' investments[D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists[B]the founders of the new awards[C]the achievement-based system[D]peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]contreversies over the recipients’ status[B]the joint effort of modern researchers[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D]the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute[C]They are the most representative honor[D]History has never cast doubt on them35.the author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism[B]harmful to the culture of research[C]subject to undesirable changes[D]unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter, ”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences （AAAS）， deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity andsecurity of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the critics facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent liners tothe AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal, atste and local”to “maintain national excellence in humanitie s and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives. As well ad prominent figuresfrom diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Becauserepresentative government representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy, stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls fornicated investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improvestudents' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement ofscholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challengers of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2% years in the making,“ The heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter, the illiberal nature of libraryeducation at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberaleducation and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit ofinquiry once at home o n campus has been replaced by the use of humanities and social sciences an vehicles for publicizing “progressive, ”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free marketsand self-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal educ ation.[B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education.[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggest[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.40. Which of the following would would be the best title for text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirectionsThe following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent articleby choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable-forexample, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located bymeans of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came t o light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and GeorgeCowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak aroundAD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.The researchers mapped not only the city ‘s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where commonpeople lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking forwhen there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically,they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrainto determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the largerlandscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many r esearchers working around the ancient Maya c ity of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individualdwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. the resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of therural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.[E] Te find their sites ,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques ,Airborne technologies ,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft , allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging , Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such an ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites , however , are discovered by archaeologistswho have set out to look for them .Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites . Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before be located the tomb in 1922 .In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens ,Greece He was sear ching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture thatdominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC .Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosos), on the island of Crete , in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful .Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking , looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery ,They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape .Archaeologists also may l ocate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar ,magnetic-field recording ,and metaldetectors . Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites .Two and three-dimensional maps a re helpful tools in planning excavations , illustrating how sites look , and presentingthe results of archaeological research.41. > A >42. > E >43. > 44. >45.PART CDirections:Read the following text carefully and them translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese .Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes evendifferent things to the same person at different moments of his life. Itmight be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human b eing. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely andexclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanentcoexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is thestrength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describemusic with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, andnot grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by therevolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hithertoprevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abruptand seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musicalexpression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and Ifind courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His composit ions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word.He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of theindividual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. Beethoven’s music tends to move fro m chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may l ead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section 3 WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university,suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name a t the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)来。
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1. When ouruniversity laboratory bought this microscope we were given a one year’s ______.
A.reservation
B. security
C. proof
D. guarantee
2. Don’t ______ about lunch for theinstructors, because they promised to get some on the way.
A.bother
B. fuse
C. trouble
D. think
3. Caracus has been called the Los Angeles of SouthAmerica; at _______ they look exactly the same.
A.short notice
B. first sight
C. first impression
D. first appearance
4. A Dictionary of the English Language, ______by Dr. Samuel Johnson, was the first real attempt as a systematic andinterestingly written survey of English language.
A. constructed
B. composed
C. compiled
D. collected
5. After I heard that I took adeferred pass in botany, I was in a _________ emotional state.
A. highly
B. doubtfully
C. greatly
D. nervously
6. Since I could not see anything trough the microscope, _____ my careful adjustment, I gave up.
A. for all
B. above all
C. after all
D. in all
7. When the Victorians had family reunions, the hosts went ____ their way
to entertain the guests.
A.in for
B. over
C. out of
D. back on
8. We know she was always as _______ as her word, so we trust her.
A. good
B. honest
C. faithful
D. true
9. Tom Stephen gripped the ______ wheel hard as the car bouncedup and down.
A.stirring
B. driving
C. steering
D. receiving
10. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are.
A. in spite of
B. in ways of
C. in favor of
D. in terms of
11. Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of ________ at people.
A. glancing
B. peering
C. gazing
D. scanning
12. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the _______ majority are inactive.
A. tremendous
B. demanding
C. intensive
D. overwhelming
13. You see the lightning _____ it happens,but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant
B. for an instant
C. on the instant
D. in an instant
14. It rained heavily last night; _______the land was flooded.
A.in other words
B. consequently
C. in addition
D. besides。