人机交互论文中英对照

An Agenda for Human-Computer Interaction Research:Interaction Styles INTRODUCTIONThe bottleneck in improving the usefulness of interactive systems increasingly lies not in performing the processing task itself but in communicating requests and results between the system and its user. The best leverage for progress in this area therefore now lies at the user interface, rather than the system internals. Faster, more natural, and more convenient means for users and computers to exchange information are needed. On the user's side, interactive system technology is constrained by the nature of human communication organs and abilities; on the computer side, it is con- strained only by input/output devices and methods that we can invent. The challenge before us is to design new devices and types of dialogues that better fit and exploit the communication-relevant characteristics of humans.The problem of human-computer interaction can be viewed as two powerful information processors (human and computer) attempting to communicate with each other via a narrow-bandwidth, highly constrained interface . Research in this area attempts to increase the useful bandwidth across that interface. Faster, more natural––and particularly less sequential, more parallel––modes of user-computer communication will help remove this bottleneck.一项研究议程人机交互：交互方式简介日益改善的障碍交互系统的有用性在于在执行请求不予处理任务本身，而是在沟通和结果之间的系统和它的用户。

在这方面取得进展的最好的杠杆因此，现在就是在用户界面，而不是系统内部。

更快，更便捷的方式为用户和计算机自然，更多的交流信息是必要的。

在用户的身边，互动系统技术是受制于人际交往能力的性质，机关和;在电脑旁，这是浓度, 紧张只有输入/输出设备和方法，我们可以发明。

我们面临的挑战我们面前的是设计新的设备和对话，更好地适合种和利用有关特点人类通讯的。

这种相互作用问题人机可以被看作是两个强大的信息处理器（人机）企图相互沟通其他通过一个窄带宽，高约束接口。

研究这方面的尝试，以增加在该接口的有用带宽。

更快，更自然-特别少的顺序，更多的并行-计算机模式的用户通信将有助于消除这个瓶颈。

Current technology has been stronger in the computer-to-user direction ( output devices in computer science terms, which we will use hereinafter, but input devices in psychological terms) than user-to-computer, so user-computer dialogues are typically one-sided, with the bandwidth from the computer to the user far greater than that from user to computer. We are especially interested in input media that can help redress this imbalance by obtaining data from the user conveniently and rapidly. Input is a neglected field relative to output, particularly considering the great strides made in computer graphics, but for that reason it is also an area that provides the greatest opportunity for research and progress. Interestingly, however, input is the source of perhaps the single biggest success story for theoretically-based research in HCI––the mouse.A basic research program in interactive systems provides the opportunity to go beyond the immediate concerns of developing the user interface for each particular new system and allows the study of HCI problems that pervade many future systems, and thus such research can have far greater leverage in the long run. The relationship between basic research and application development in this area ideally forms a circular chain: specific interface problems encountered in applications are generalized and then solved in basic research by inventing new interaction modes or techniques; and these general approaches can then be applied to the development of specific user interfaces. Finally, it is important to remember that modifying目前的技术已在计算机强大到用户的方向（输出在计算机科学方面的设备，我们将用以下，但在输入设备心理方面的电脑），比用户到，因此用户电脑的对话通常是片面的，与计算机带宽到用户远远大于从该用户的计算机。

我们特别感兴趣的输入媒介，可以帮助纠正这个快速的不平衡从用户方便地获取数据和。

输入是一个被忽视的领域相对于输出，特别是考虑作出的巨大进步计算机图形，但由于这个原因，也是一个地区，提供了最大的机会的研究和进展。

然而有趣的是，输入的数据的来源也许是一个最大的成功故事为基础的研究理论HCI---鼠标。

一个交互系统的基础研究项目提供了机会去除了为每个特定的用户界面的直接关注发展中国家新的系统，并允许人机交互系统的研究普遍存在的问题，许多未来,因此这种研究可以有更大的影响力远长期研究。

的关系基础研究和应用开发的理想在这方面形成一个环流，摩尔链：在特定接口的应用推广和遇到的问题然后在基础研究解决的新的互动模式，通过发明或技术;及这些一般的方法可以适用于除制订具体的用户面孔。

最后，重要的是要记住，修改一个系统的用户界面，透射电子显微镜，特别是媒体的特点，其输入/输出不只是修修补补该系统与表面外观。

它改变了用户的基本每按照一个系统。

去互动研究如何对心脏。

the user interface of a system, particularly the characteristics of its input/output media is not simply tinkering with the superficial appearance of the system. It changes the users' fundamental perception of a system .Interaction research goes to the heart of how.people comprehend and work with computer systems, not simply the surface.Interaction StyleBeyond this general framework, and beyond improvements in particular device technologies, a trend toward a new class of input/output device and human-computer interaction style is emerging. Its effect on the field of input devices specifically is to move from providing objects for the user to actuate through specific commands to simply sensing the user's body. Nielsen describes this next generation interaction style as non-command-based: "The fifth generation user interface paradigm seems to be centered around non-command-based dialogues. This term is a somewhat negative way of characterizing a new form of interaction but so far, the unifying concept does seem to be exactly the abandonment of the principle underlying all earlier paradigms: That a dialogue has to be controlled by specific and precise commands issued by the user and processed and replied to by the computer. The new interfaces are often not even dialogues in the traditional meaning of the word, even though they obviously can be analyzed as having some dialogue content at some level since they do involve the exchange of infor- mation between a user and a computer. 人民的理解和使用计算机系统，而不是简单的表面。