英语语法PPT时态tense & aspect
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back his deep sorrow.
(4) I wondered if you could spare a few minutes.
(5) Her sister was a lovely girl.
(6) It’s time / about time / right time we started.
(5) part of a program or plan already fixed The plane leaves for Chicago at 8. Today, Chinese faces Cuba for the title while the Soviets plays the Japanese for the third place. (6) vividness in narration to replace the simple past in play, drama, novel, etc. (historic present) When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. Suddenly, the window opens and a man enters.
(3) objective tone & subjective, emotionally colored tone John always comes late. John is always coming late. (4)探寻的口气，表示现在的一种愿望或态度 I am hoping to borrow your bike. I was wondering if you could help us.
3. 现在进行时 (present progressive) (1) It is blowing hard. (2) Why are you always smoking? (Criticism) She is thinking more of others than of herself. (Compliment) (3) If she is still sleeping, don’t wake her up.
(7) with “communication verbs” (tell, say, hear, learn, write) to express the present effect of information received in the past (8) Headlines “PEACE TALKS FAIL” (9) Quotation Shakespeare once says, “All the world is a stage.”
Verbs (II)
Tense & Aspect
Review: phrasal verbs
1. 2. 3. When his father died, Jim _________（继承）a fortune. came into looking into The police are __________（调查）the case. Before long he had __________（爱上）a girl student in his taken to class. 4. The meeting has been __________（取消）. called off came to 5. After just a few minutes she suddenly __________（苏醒过 来）. putting on 6. She is not really that. She is just __________（装模作样）. came up 7. The question of what time to be there never __________（提 起）. come down with 8. I don’t want to ______________（染上）the flu again. 9. My wife is always ____________（责怪）me for not keeping getting on at the room clean. go in for 10. We don’t __________（喜欢）that kind of thing.
1.一般现在时 (simple present)
(1) Timeless present (general truth, proverb, ability, character; mostly applies to stative v.) Bitter medicine cures sickness, unpalatable advice benefits conduct. Ice is not so dense as water, and therefore it floats. (2) Habitual present (customary, repeated action) The traffic is always so busy that you cannot even cross the main street. (3) Momentary and instantaneous present Johnson passes to Robert, Robert to Brown, Brown takes it forward, oh, he slips past the center beautifully, he shoots.
I wish I had a memory like yours.
He talks as if he were the most powerful
politician in the country. (7) The employer said that Nancy would be rewarded if she worked hard. (8) Mr. Black started at seven the following day. (=was to start)
Ex. 11A
1. 2. 3. 4. Patience wears out stones. Pride goes before a fall. Facts speak louder than words. One swallow doesn’t make a summer.
2.一般过去时 (simple past)
6. Things didn’t go smoothly as we had hoped. 7. The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered. 8. I won’t have time tomorrow morning, as I will be listening to the English broadcast at that time. 9. We will have finished our task when you return from Nanjing next week. 10. It will have been raining for a whole week if it rains again.
1. He is being terribly friendly to us. 2. It is some time since I have spoken to you about this matter. 3. All these years they have been fighting heroically for independence. 4. At that time I often did some reading for two hours before going to sleep. 5. John was driving down the street when he hit a pedestrian.
(4) We are having an examination tonight.
I am leaving for Tokyo tomorrow.
比较：一般现在时 vs. 现在进行体 (1) permanency & temporariness We live in the country. We are living in the country. Mary is a good girl. Mary is being a good girl today. (2) limited duration & habitual or durative activity The professor is typing his letters these days. The professor types his own letters. (and always has)
(1) I met him by chance in the park.
(2) Early in the morning, he woke up, jumped out
of bed, washed and turned on the TV.
(3) Whenever asked about it, Sam couldn’t hold
4. 过去进行时 (past progressive) ① Durative verbs --- past progressive tense; Terminative verbs --- simple past tense Some of them were smiling, but suddenly their smiles faded when the Dean entered their classroom. ② It was a dark night and the wind was blowing and a girl in white suddenly appeared. The old dragon king was trembling with fright, and the little dragons were scared out of their wits. 唬得老龙王胆战心惊，小龙子魂飞魄散。(吴承 恩《西游记》)
11. He knew that Friday’s meeting was not going to be a long one. 12. My mother asked me what I would be doing the next morning. 13. I thought they would have told you something by then. 14. He said to me that in a month he would have been living alone for thirty years. 15. We are sure that the project will have been accomplished on schedule.
(4) Refer to the future in adverbial clauses of time, condition, manner, concession; in object and attributive clauses. Complicated as the problem is, it will be solved in only two hours. The state government will give a great amount of money to anyone who brings him to justice. Her mother will ask her what she brings to the party tomorrow. We hope you visit us next year when you come to China again. (hope, suppose, assume后接从句可用一般现在时 代替一般将来时。)
back his deep sorrow.
(4) I wondered if you could spare a few minutes.
(5) Her sister was a lovely girl.
(6) It’s time / about time / right time we started.
(5) part of a program or plan already fixed The plane leaves for Chicago at 8. Today, Chinese faces Cuba for the title while the Soviets plays the Japanese for the third place. (6) vividness in narration to replace the simple past in play, drama, novel, etc. (historic present) When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. Suddenly, the window opens and a man enters.
(3) objective tone & subjective, emotionally colored tone John always comes late. John is always coming late. (4)探寻的口气，表示现在的一种愿望或态度 I am hoping to borrow your bike. I was wondering if you could help us.
3. 现在进行时 (present progressive) (1) It is blowing hard. (2) Why are you always smoking? (Criticism) She is thinking more of others than of herself. (Compliment) (3) If she is still sleeping, don’t wake her up.
(7) with “communication verbs” (tell, say, hear, learn, write) to express the present effect of information received in the past (8) Headlines “PEACE TALKS FAIL” (9) Quotation Shakespeare once says, “All the world is a stage.”
Verbs (II)
Tense & Aspect
Review: phrasal verbs
1. 2. 3. When his father died, Jim _________（继承）a fortune. came into looking into The police are __________（调查）the case. Before long he had __________（爱上）a girl student in his taken to class. 4. The meeting has been __________（取消）. called off came to 5. After just a few minutes she suddenly __________（苏醒过 来）. putting on 6. She is not really that. She is just __________（装模作样）. came up 7. The question of what time to be there never __________（提 起）. come down with 8. I don’t want to ______________（染上）the flu again. 9. My wife is always ____________（责怪）me for not keeping getting on at the room clean. go in for 10. We don’t __________（喜欢）that kind of thing.
1.一般现在时 (simple present)
(1) Timeless present (general truth, proverb, ability, character; mostly applies to stative v.) Bitter medicine cures sickness, unpalatable advice benefits conduct. Ice is not so dense as water, and therefore it floats. (2) Habitual present (customary, repeated action) The traffic is always so busy that you cannot even cross the main street. (3) Momentary and instantaneous present Johnson passes to Robert, Robert to Brown, Brown takes it forward, oh, he slips past the center beautifully, he shoots.
I wish I had a memory like yours.
He talks as if he were the most powerful
politician in the country. (7) The employer said that Nancy would be rewarded if she worked hard. (8) Mr. Black started at seven the following day. (=was to start)
Ex. 11A
1. 2. 3. 4. Patience wears out stones. Pride goes before a fall. Facts speak louder than words. One swallow doesn’t make a summer.
2.一般过去时 (simple past)
6. Things didn’t go smoothly as we had hoped. 7. The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered. 8. I won’t have time tomorrow morning, as I will be listening to the English broadcast at that time. 9. We will have finished our task when you return from Nanjing next week. 10. It will have been raining for a whole week if it rains again.
1. He is being terribly friendly to us. 2. It is some time since I have spoken to you about this matter. 3. All these years they have been fighting heroically for independence. 4. At that time I often did some reading for two hours before going to sleep. 5. John was driving down the street when he hit a pedestrian.
(4) We are having an examination tonight.
I am leaving for Tokyo tomorrow.
比较：一般现在时 vs. 现在进行体 (1) permanency & temporariness We live in the country. We are living in the country. Mary is a good girl. Mary is being a good girl today. (2) limited duration & habitual or durative activity The professor is typing his letters these days. The professor types his own letters. (and always has)
(1) I met him by chance in the park.
(2) Early in the morning, he woke up, jumped out
of bed, washed and turned on the TV.
(3) Whenever asked about it, Sam couldn’t hold
4. 过去进行时 (past progressive) ① Durative verbs --- past progressive tense; Terminative verbs --- simple past tense Some of them were smiling, but suddenly their smiles faded when the Dean entered their classroom. ② It was a dark night and the wind was blowing and a girl in white suddenly appeared. The old dragon king was trembling with fright, and the little dragons were scared out of their wits. 唬得老龙王胆战心惊，小龙子魂飞魄散。(吴承 恩《西游记》)
11. He knew that Friday’s meeting was not going to be a long one. 12. My mother asked me what I would be doing the next morning. 13. I thought they would have told you something by then. 14. He said to me that in a month he would have been living alone for thirty years. 15. We are sure that the project will have been accomplished on schedule.
(4) Refer to the future in adverbial clauses of time, condition, manner, concession; in object and attributive clauses. Complicated as the problem is, it will be solved in only two hours. The state government will give a great amount of money to anyone who brings him to justice. Her mother will ask her what she brings to the party tomorrow. We hope you visit us next year when you come to China again. (hope, suppose, assume后接从句可用一般现在时 代替一般将来时。)