电子类读书笔记英文翻译
电子信息工程专业英语 课文翻译 Unit 17 译文
Unit 17 计算机和网络Unit 17-1第一部分：计算机的进展计算机和信息技术的进展计算机和信息技术的诞生可以追溯到许多世纪以前。
数学的发展引起了计算工具的发展。
据说17世纪法国的Blaise Pascal构建了第一台计算机。
在19世纪，常被推崇为计算之父的英国人Charles Babbage设计了第一台“分析机”。
该机器有一个机械的计算“工厂”，类似于19世纪早期的提花织布机，采用穿孔卡片来存储数字和处理要求。
Ada Lovelace和他（Charles Babbage）致力于设计并提出了指令序列的概念——程序。
到1871年Babbage逝世，这台机器还没有完成。
将近一个世纪以后，随着电子机械计算机的发展（程序）这一概念再次出现。
1890年，Herman Hollerith采用穿孔卡片帮助美国人口普查局分类信息。
与此同时，电报电话的发明为通信和真空管的发展奠定了基础。
这一电子器件能够用于存储二进制形式的信息，即开或关，1或0。
第一台数字电子计算机ENIAC（电子计数积分计算机，见图17.1）是为美国军队开发的，并于1946年完成。
普林斯顿的数学教授V on Neumann对（程序）这一概念作了进一步深入的研究，加入了存储计算机程序的思想。
这就是存储在计算机内存中的指令序列，计算机执行这些指令完成程序控制的任务。
图17.1 ENIAC：第一台数字化电子计算机从这一阶段开始，计算机和计算机编程技术迅速发展。
从真空管发展到晶体管，大大减小了机器（计算机）的尺寸和成本，并提高了可靠性。
接着，集成电路技术的出现又减小了计算机的尺寸（和成本）。
20世纪60年代，典型的计算机是基于晶体管的机器，价值50万美金，并需要一个大空调房和一名现场工程师。
现在相同性能的计算机只要2000做芯片的单个集成电路来实现。
微处理器和微型计算机的发展微型计算机随着集成电路（或芯片）技术的发展而发展。
这一技术使得计算机逻辑被“烧入”芯片层中。
英语读书笔记电子版
英语读书笔记电⼦版CLASS NUMBER: STUDENT NAME: STUDENT NUMBER: INSTRUCTOR: PRO. DATE:Contents Contents.......................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
Unit 1Education.. (1)1.1 Reading Focus (1)1.1.1 New Words (3) ............................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
1.2 Reading Focus (4)1.2.1 New Words (7)(8)Unit 2 (21)2.1 Reading Focus (26)U n i t1E d u c a t i o n 1.1 Reading FocusWe Should Cherish Our Children'sFreedom to Think--Kie Ho Americans who remember "the good old days" are not alone in complaining about the educational system in this country. Immigrants, too, complain, and with more up-to-date comparisons. Lately I have heard a Polish immigrant express dismay that his daughter's high school has not taught her the difference between Belgrade and Prague. A German friend was furious when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a freshman included multiplication and division. A Lebanese boasts that the average high-school graduate in his homeland can speak fluently in Arabic, French and English. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels, generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.But I wonder: If American education is so tragically inferior, why is it that this is still the country of innovation? I think I found the answer on my short trip to the Laguna Beach Museum of Art, where the work of schoolchildren was on exhibit. Equipped only with colorful yarns, foil paper, felt pens and crayons, they had transformed simple paper lunch bags into, among other things, a waterfall with flying fish, Broom Hilda the witch and a house with a woman in a bikini hiding behind a swinging door. Their public school had provided these children with opportunities and direction to fulfill their creativity, something that people in this country tend to take for granted.When I was 12 in Indonesia, where education followed the Dutch system, I had to memorize the names of all the world's major珍惜孩⼦思考的⾃由--Kie Ho 不只是那些怀念“美好往⽇”的美国⼈在抱怨美国的教育制度，移民们也在抱怨，使这种抱怨有了更多的当代式的对⽐。
英语名著读书笔记英译版
英语名著读书笔记英译版英语名著读书笔记英译版英语名著读书笔记1海上日出Sunrise at Sea巴金Ba Jin摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》中文：有时太阳走进了云堆中，它的光线却从云里射下来，直射到水面上。
这时候要分辨出哪里是水，哪里是天，倒也不容易，因为我就只看见一片灿烂的亮光。
英文：Sometimes，hidden by the clouds, the sun nonetheless shed its rays straight onto the sea water, making it difficult for me to distinguish between the sky and the sea because what I saw in front of me was nothing but a wide expanse of brilliant light.要点：1，“有时太阳走进了云堆中”此处译者为了与下文照应，采用了主动转被动的手法~此句也可以理解为以“太阳”为主语的多动词句，“射出光线”为主要动词，“走进云堆”是次要动词，译为过去分词形式，至于句首~2，”射到水面上“译为shed rays onto the sea，其中shed 此处意为”洒“3，此句译文中有 3处使用了头韵： sun／ shed ／ straight ／seawater 、 difficult和distinguish、 s k y 和 s e a 。
体现了散文的美感，读起来也是朗朗上口滴~4，the sun nonetheless shed its rays straight onto the sea water 中，将原文“ 光线从云里射下来”“ 直射到水面上” 两个动作合译，读起来一气呵成，流畅自然~后面直接用making连接两个句子，也体现了原文的简洁－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－中文：有时天边有黑云，而且云片很厚，太阳出来，人眼还看不见。
海底两万里读书笔记英文版带有翻译
海底两万里读书笔记英文版带有翻译《海底两万里》是一部经典的著作，它是科学与幻想的结晶。
它写于1870 年，是一本科幻长篇小说。
今天小编在这分享一些海底两万里英文版给大家，欢迎大家阅读!海底两万里读书笔记英文版篇一Until this summer, I have read all the submarine two miles ". But I always feel not enough, so I'm going to read it again, because if you read a good book can be read through the entire book, then he will have been so great, it will not be a good book.Read this book, I will think of a world filled with the rich, a vast ocean, captain nemo brought together we explore the bottom of the sea is wonderful. In this book, I can feel that feel at ordinary times, can think we usually imagine.In this book, you can know the seabed forest can walk, can know how to hunt in the bottom of the sea is, you can know what captain nemo uniforms sharks, also can learn, no leave, how to break the siege of the iceberg out of the woods, Mercedes in the depth of the crisis safe and sound, here to give you new feelings, experience to the alternative, exciting life.I can learn these, also want to thank the authors. The author write such a good article, the author is Jules ` Jules verne, he was a surveyor for the most imaginative science fiction writer in the 19th century. He has written works are particularly bizarre.I know so much, at the end of the day or to read, if you don't read, also won't understand so much. Actually read more books is good, as I read the book "the submarine two miles", sometimes you can develop your wisdom, enlightenment people's thinking, active people's brain, let everybody in the adventurous and exciting art enjoyment.Let us read more books, entered the era of literature! Can be in the warm into the literature, emotional; Into the literature, can be in the dance of soul; Walk into the literature, life will be eternal, in this era, "reference books" will let young on the way forward in the new century more elegant rays of pure static pleasant aroma.直到今年夏天，我已经把《海底两万里》全部看完了。
电子类文献中英文翻译
外文翻译原文：Progress in ComputersThe first stored program computers began to work around 1950. The one we built in Cambridge, the EDSAC was first used in the summer of 1949.These early experimental computers were built by people like myself with varying backgrounds. We all had extensive experience in electronic engineering and were confident that that experience would stand us in good stead. This proved true, although we had some new things to learn. The most important of these was that transients must be treated correctly; what would cause a harmless flash on the screen of a television set could lead to a serious error in a computer.As far as computing circuits were concerned, we found ourselves with an embarass de richess. For example, we could use vacuum tube diodes for gates as we did in the EDSAC or pentodes with control signals on both grids, a system widely used elsewhere. This sort of choice persisted and the term families of logic came into use. Those who have worked in the computer field will remember TTL, ECL and CMOS. Of these, CMOS has now become dominant.In those early years, the IEE was still dominated by power engineering and we had to fight a number of major battles in order to get radio engineering along with the rapidly developing subject of electronics.dubbed in the IEE light current electrical engineering.properly recognised as an activity in its own right. I remember that we had some difficulty in organising a conference because the power engineers’ ways of doing things were no t our ways. A minor source of irritation was that all IEE published papers were expected to start with a lengthy statement of earlier practice, something difficult to do when there was no earlier practice Consolidation in the 1960sBy the late 50s or early 1960s, the heroic pioneering stage was over and the computer field was starting up in real earnest. The number of computers in the worldhad increased and they were much more reliable than the very early ones . To those years we can ascribe the first steps in high level languages and the first operating systems. Experimental time-sharing was beginning, and ultimately computer graphics was to come along.Above all, transistors began to replace vacuum tubes. This change presented a formidable challenge to the engineers of the day. They had to forget what they knew about circuits and start again. It can only be said that they measured up superbly well to the challenge and that the change could not have gone more smoothly.Soon it was found possible to put more than one transistor on the same bit of silicon, and this was the beginning of integrated circuits. As time went on, a sufficient level of integration was reached for one chip to accommodate enough transistors for a small number of gates or flip flops. This led to a range of chips known as the 7400 series. The gates and flip flops were independent of one another and each had its own pins. They could be connected by off-chip wiring to make a computer or anything else.These chips made a new kind of computer possible. It was called a minicomputer. It was something less that a mainframe, but still very powerful, and much more affordable. Instead of having one expensive mainframe for the whole organisation, a business or a university was able to have a minicomputer for each major department.Before long minicomputers began to spread and become more powerful. The world was hungry for computing power and it had been very frustrating for industry not to be able to supply it on the scale required and at a reasonable cost. Minicomputers transformed the situation.The fall in the cost of computing did not start with the minicomputer; it had always been that way. This was what I meant when I referred in my abstract to inflation in the computer industry ‘going the other way’. As time goes on people get more for their money, not less.Research in Computer Hardware.The time that I am describing was a wonderful one for research in computer hardware. The user of the 7400 series could work at the gate and flip-flop level and yet the overall level of integration was sufficient to give a degree of reliability far above that of discreet transistors. The researcher, in a university or elsewhere, could build any digital device that a fertile imagination could conjure up. In the Computer Laboratory we built the Cambridge CAP, a full-scale minicomputerwith fancy capability logic.The 7400 series was still going strong in the mid 1970s and was used for the Cambridge Ring, a pioneering wide-band local area network. Publication of the design study for the Ring came just before the announcement of the Ethernet. Until these two systems appeared, users had mostly been content with teletype-based local area networks.Rings need high reliability because, as the pulses go repeatedly round the ring, they must be continually amplified and regenerated. It was the high reliability provided by the 7400 series of chips that gave us the courage needed to embark on the project for the Cambridge Ring.The RISC Movement and Its AftermathEarly computers had simple instruction sets. As time went on designers of commercially available machines added additional features which they thought would improve performance. Few comparative measurements were done and on the whole the choice of features depende d upon the designer’s intuition.In 1980, the RISC movement that was to change all this broke on the world. The movement opened with a paper by Patterson and Ditzel entitled The Case for the Reduced Instructions Set Computer.Apart from leading to a striking acronym, this title conveys little of the insights into instruction set design which went with the RISC movement, in particular the way it facilitated pipelining, a system whereby several instructions may be in different stages of execution within the processor at the same time. Pipelining was not new, but it was new for small computersThe RISC movement benefited greatly from methods which had recently become available for estimating the performance to be expected from a computer design without actually implementing it. I refer to the use of a powerful existing computer to simulate the new design. By the use of simulation, RISC advocates were able to predict with some confidence that a good RISC design would be able to out-perform the best conventional computers using the same circuit technology. This prediction was ultimately born out in practice.Simulation made rapid progress and soon came into universal use by computer designers. In consequence, computer design has become more of a science and less of an art. Today, designers expect to have a roomful of, computers available to do their simulations, not just one. They refer to such a roomful by the attractive nameof computer farm.The x86 Instruction SetLittle is now heard of pre-RISC instruction sets with one major exception, namely that of the Intel 8086 and its progeny, collectively referred to as x86. This has become the dominant instruction set and the RISC instruction sets that originally had a considerable measure of success are having to put up a hard fight for survival.This dominance of x86 disappoints people like myself who come from the research wings.both academic and industrial.of the computer field. No doubt, business considerations have a lot to do with the survival of x86, but there are other reasons as well. However much we research oriented people would like to think otherwise. high level languages have not yet eliminated the use of machine code altogether. We need to keep reminding ourselves that there is much to be said for strict binary compatibility with previous usage when that can be attained. Nevertheless, things might have been different if Intel’s major attempt to produce a good RISC chip had been more successful. I am referring to the i860 (not the i960, which was something different). In many ways the i860 was an excellent chip, but its software interface did not fit it to be used in a workstation.There is an interesting sting in the tail of this apparently easy triumph of the x86 instruction set. It proved impossible to match the steadily increasing speed of RISC processors by direct implementation of the x86 instruction set as had been done in the past. Instead, designers took a leaf out of the RISC book; although it is not obvious, on the surface, a modern x86 processor chip contains hidden within it a RISC-style processor with its own internal RISC coding. The incoming x86 code is, after suitable massaging, converted into this internal code and handed over to the RISC processor where the critical execution is performed.In this summing up of the RISC movement, I rely heavily on the latest edition of Hennessy and Patterson’s books on computer design as my supporting authority; see in particular Computer Architecture, third edition, 2003, pp 146, 151-4, 157-8.The IA-64 instruction set.Some time ago, Intel and Hewlett-Packard introduced the IA-64 instruction set. This was primarily intended to meet a generally recognised need for a 64 bit address space. In this, it followed the lead of the designers of the MIPS R4000 and Alpha. However one would have thought that Intel would have stressed compatibility with the x86; the puzzle is that they did the exact opposite.Moreover, built into the design of IA-64 is a feature known as predication which makes it incompatible in a major way with all other instruction sets. In particular, it needs 6 extra bits with each instruction. This upsets the traditional balance between instruction word length and information content, and it changes significantly the brief of the compiler writer.In spite of having an entirely new instruction set, Intel made the puzzling claim that chips based on IA-64 would be compatible with earlier x86 chips. It was hard to see exactly what was meant.Chips for the latest IA-64 processor, namely, the Itanium, appear to have special hardware for compatibility. Even so, x86 code runs very slowly.Because of the above complications, implementation of IA-64 requires a larger chip than is required for more conventional instruction sets. This in turn implies a higher cost. Such at any rate, is the received wisdom, and, as a general principle, it was repeated as such by Gordon Moore when he visited Cambridge recently to open the Betty and Gordon Moore Library. I have, however, heard it said that the matter appears differently from within Intel. This I do not understand. But I am very ready to admit that I am completely out of my depth as regards the economics of the semiconductor industry.AMD have defined a 64 bit instruction set that is more compatible with x86 and they appear to be making headway with it. The chip is not a particularly large one. Some people think that this is what Intel should have done. [Since the lecture was delivered, Intel have announced that they will market a range of chips essentially compatible with those offered by AMD.]The Relentless Drive towards Smaller TransistorsThe scale of integration continued to increase. This was achieved by shrinking the original transistors so that more could be put on a chip. Moreover, the laws of physics were on the side of the manufacturers. The transistors also got faster, simply by getting smaller. It was therefore possible to have, at the same time, both high density and high speed.There was a further advantage. Chips are made on discs of silicon, known as wafers. Each wafer has on it a large number of individual chips, which are processed together and later separated. Since shrinkage makes it possible to get more chips on a wafer, the cost per chip goes down.Falling unit cost was important to the industry because, if the latest chipsare cheaper to make as well as faster, there is no reason to go on offering the old ones, at least not indefinitely. There can thus be one product for the entire market.However, detailed cost calculations showed that, in order to maintain this advantage as shrinkage proceeded beyond a certain point, it would be necessary to move to larger wafers. The increase in the size of wafers was no small matter. Originally, wafers were one or two inches in diameter, and by 2000 they were as much as twelve inches. At first, it puzzled me that, when shrinkage presented so many other problems, the industry should make things harder for itself by going to larger wafers. I now see that reducing unit cost was just as important to the industry as increasing the number of transistors on a chip, and that this justified the additional investment in foundries and the increased risk.The degree of integration is measured by the feature size, which, for a given technology, is best defined as the half the distance between wires in the densest chips made in that technology. At the present time, production of 90 nm chips is still building upSuspension of LawIn March 1997, Gordon Moore was a guest speaker at the celebrations of the centenary of the discovery of the electron held at the Cavendish Laboratory. It was during the course of his lecture that I first heard the fact that you can have silicon chips that are both fast and low in cost described as a vi olation of Murphy’s law.or Sod’s law as it is usually called in the UK. Moore said that experience in other fields would lead you to expect to have to choose between speed and cost, or to compromise between them. In fact, in the case of silicon chips, it is possible to have both.In a reference book available on the web, Murphy is identified as an engineer working on human acceleration tests for the US Air Force in 1949. However, we were perfectly familiar with the law in my student days, when we called it by a much more prosaic name than either of those mentioned above, namely, the Law of General Cussedness. We even had a mock examination question in which the law featured. It was the type of question in which the first part asks for a definition of some law or principle and the second part contains a problem to be solved with the aid of it. In our case the first part was to define the Law of General Cussedness and the second was the problem;A cyclist sets out on a circular cycling tour. Derive an equation giving the direction of the wind at any time.The single-chip computerAt each shrinkage the number of chips was reduced and there were fewer wires going from one chip to another. This led to an additional increment in overall speed, since the transmission of signals from one chip to another takes a long time.Eventually, shrinkage proceeded to the point at which the whole processor except for the caches could be put on one chip. This enabled a workstation to be built that out-performed the fastest minicomputer of the day, and the result was to kill the minicomputer stone dead. As we all know, this had severe consequences for the computer industry and for the people working in it.From the above time the high density CMOS silicon chip was Cock of the Roost. Shrinkage went on until millions of transistors could be put on a single chip and the speed went up in proportion.Processor designers began to experiment with new architectural features designed to give extra speed. One very successful experiment concerned methods for predicting the way program branches would go. It was a surprise to me how successful this was. It led to a significant speeding up of program execution and other forms of prediction followedEqually surprising is what it has been found possible to put on a single chip computer by way of advanced features. For example, features that had been developed for the IBM Model 91.the giant computer at the top of the System 360 range.are now to be found on microcomputersMurphy’s Law remained i n a state of suspension. No longer did it make sense to build experimental computers out of chips with a small scale of integration, such as that provided by the 7400 series. People who wanted to do hardware research at the circuit level had no option but to design chips and seek for ways to get them made. For a time, this was possible, if not easyUnfortunately, there has since been a dramatic increase in the cost of making chips, mainly because of the increased cost of making masks for lithography, a photographic process used in the manufacture of chips. It has, in consequence, again become very difficult to finance the making of research chips, and this is a currently cause for some concern.The Semiconductor Road MapThe extensive research and development work underlying the above advances has been made possible by a remarkable cooperative effort on the part of theinternational semiconductor industry.At one time US monopoly laws would probably have made it illegal for US companies to participate in such an effort. However about 1980 significant and far reaching changes took place in the laws. The concept of pre-competitive research was introduced. Companies can now collaborate at the pre-competitive stage and later go on to develop products of their own in the regular competitive manner.The agent by which the pre-competitive research in the semi-conductor industry is managed is known as the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA). This has been active as a US organisation since 1992 and it became international in 1998. Membership is open to any organisation that can contribute to the research effort.Every two years SIA produces a new version of a document known as the International Technological Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), with an update in the intermediate years. The first volume bearing the title ‘Roadmap’ was issued in 1994 but two reports, written in 1992 and distributed in 1993, are regarded as the true beginning of the series.Successive roadmaps aim at providing the best available industrial consensus on the way that the industry should move forward. They set out in great detail.over a 15 year horizon. the targets that must be achieved if the number of components on a chip is to be doubled every eighteen months.that is, if Moore’s law is to be maintained.-and if the cost per chip is to fall.In the case of some items, the way ahead is clear. In others, manufacturing problems are foreseen and solutions to them are known, although not yet fully worked out; these areas are coloured yellow in the tables. Areas for which problems are foreseen, but for which no manufacturable solutions are known, are coloured red. Red areas are referred to as Red Brick Walls.The targets set out in the Roadmaps have proved realistic as well as challenging, and the progress of the industry as a whole has followed the Roadmaps closely. This is a remarkable achievement and it may be said that the merits of cooperation and competition have been combined in an admirable manner.It is to be noted that the major strategic decisions affecting the progress of the industry have been taken at the pre-competitive level in relative openness, rather than behind closed doors. These include the progression to larger wafers.By 1995, I had begun to wonder exactly what would happen when the inevitable point was reached at which it became impossible to make transistors any smaller.My enquiries led me to visit ARPA headquarters in Washington DC, where I was given a copy of the recently produced Roadmap for 1994. This made it plain that serious problems would arise when a feature size of 100 nm was reached, an event projected to happen in 2007, with 70 nm following in 2010. The year for which the coming of 100 nm (or rather 90 nm) was projected was in later Roadmaps moved forward to 2004 and in the event the industry got there a little sooner.I presented the above information from the 1994 Roadmap, along with such other information that I could obtain, in a lecture to the IEE in London, entitled The CMOS end-point and related topics in Computing and delivered on 8 February 1996.The idea that I then had was that the end would be a direct consequence of the number of electrons available to represent a one being reduced from thousands to a few hundred. At this point statistical fluctuations would become troublesome, and thereafter the circuits would either fail to work, or if they did work would not be any faster. In fact the physical limitations that are now beginning to make themselves felt do not arise through shortage of electrons, but because the insulating layers on the chip have become so thin that leakage due to quantum mechanical tunnelling has become troublesome.There are many problems facing the chip manufacturer other than those that arise from fundamental physics, especially problems with lithography. In an update to the 2001 Roadmap published in 2002, it was stated that the continuation of progress at present rate will be at risk as we approach 2005 when the roadmap projects that progress will stall without research break-throughs in most technical areas “. This was the most specific statement about the Red Brick Wall, that had so far come from the SIA and it was a strong one. The 2003 Roadmap reinforces this statement by showing many areas marked red, indicating the existence of problems for which no manufacturable solutions are known.It is satisfactory to report that, so far, timely solutions have been found to all the problems encountered. The Roadmap is a remarkable document and, for all its frankness about the problems looming above, it radiates immense confidence. Prevailing opinion reflects that confidence and there is a general expectation that, by one means or another, shrinkage will continue, perhaps down to 45 nm or even less.However, costs will rise steeply and at an increasing rate. It is cost that will ultimately be seen as the reason for calling a halt. The exact point at which an industrial consensus is reached that the escalating costs can no longer be met willdepend on the general economic climate as well as on the financial strength of the semiconductor industry itself.。
电子信息专业英语课文翻译(部分)
电子信息专业英语课文翻译1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronic Technology电子技术简介1.1. Lesson 1 Development of Electronics 电子技术开展史电子技术的历史是一个关于二十世纪的故事，电子学的三个关键元件是真空管、晶体管和集成电路。
真空管也叫做电子管，它是一个密封的玻璃管，在它里面，电子在有真空隔离的电极之间流动。
在20〔19×〕世纪早期创造了真空管，随着真空管的创造，放大和传输电能成为可能。
电子管的第一应用在于无线电通信。
在第二次世界大战之前，随着越来越多的专门真空管被制造出来用于各种用处，通信技术从而能得到了宏大的进步。
在20世纪20年代时，无线电播送呈天文数字地增长并且成为家庭娱乐的主要来源。
电视机是在1927年创造，并且最终得到了广泛的应用。
电视机作为一种电子设备，其开展得益于在二次世界大战期间雷达上的许多进步。
雷达利用无线电微波回声来测量一个物体的间隔和方向，被用于检测飞机和船只。
世界大战之后，电子管被用于开发第一台计算机，但是因为电子元件的尺寸，所以这些计算机是不实在际的。
在1947年，来自贝尔实验室的一组工程师们创造了晶体管，因为创造了晶体管，他们获得了诺贝尔奖。
晶体管的功能类似于真空管，但与真空管相比，它体积小、重量轻、消耗功率低、更加可靠和制造本钱低。
在几乎所有的电子设备中晶体管取代了真空管。
在20世纪 50年代时，美国德州仪器公司开展出第一个集成电路。
第一个集成电路仅包含了几个晶体管，在随后的20世纪70年代中期，出现了大规模集成电路和超大规模集成电路。
超大规模集成电路技术允许我们在一个单芯片中构建一个包含有成千上万晶体管的系统。
摄像机、手提和个人电脑仅仅是集成电路使之成为可能的一些设备实例。
1.2. Lesson 2 Singapore Polytechnic 新加坡理工学院新加坡理工学院，是新加坡同类学校中的第一家教育机构，创立于1954年，学院着重培养和训练技术人员和专业人员，从而支持新加坡的工业和经济的开展。
海底两万里读书笔记英文版 带有翻译
海底两万里读书笔记英文版带有翻译20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Book Review《海底两万里》是法国作家儒勒·凡尔纳的代表作之一，是19世纪科幻小说的经典之作，被誉为“科学幻想小说之父”，出版于1869年。
小说的主要内容讲述了一个神秘而充满未知的科学世界——海底世界，并通过一个惊奇的冒险故事，将读者带入一个充满探索和挑战的神秘旅程。
"20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" is one of the representative works of the French writer Jules Verne and is a classic in19th-century sci-fi literature. It is hailed as the "father of science fiction novels" and was published in 1869. The main content of the novel tells of a mysterious and unknown scientific world - the world beneath the sea. Through an amazing adventure story, the reader is taken on a mysterious journey full of exploration and challenges.小说的故事情节主要围绕着一个叫做纳摩（Captain Nemo）的神秘人物而展开，他建造了一艘全球独一无二的潜艇——鹦鹉螺号（Nautilus），带领着自己的船员征服了海洋的深渊。
主人公阿龙纳特（Professor Aronnax）和他的朋友们在世界各地进行着调查，去探寻这艘神秘的船只，然而却意外地被鹦鹉螺号俘虏，并被迫一同共度下潜的漫长旅途。
英语读书笔记带翻译
英语读书笔记带翻译.这个经常下。
(两种)There is often rain./It often rains here.2.我们很惊讶地在火车站看到西蒙。
We are surprised to see Simon at the train station.3.沿着这条路走，到红绿灯处，你就会看到那撞楼。
Go along this street to the traffic light,then you will see that building.4.老师来了，请停顿讲话。
Here es the teacher,please stop talking.5.三个穿警-察制服的人从车里出来。
Three man in police uniform get out of the car.6.突然一个大个子把他推进了厢式货车的后面。
Suddenly a tall man pull him into the back of the van.7.杰尔现在坐在我左边。
Jill is sitting on my left now.8.在一字路口向右转，你会发现入口处就在你前面。
Turn right to the cross, and you will find the entrance before yourself.9.这个强盗从大厦跑了出去。
This robber runs out of the building.10.我们走不同的路线好吗?Shall we take different routes?11.一个穿红色衣服的女孩站在街道的拐弯处。
A girl in red is standing at the corner of the street.12.当交通灯是红色是不能过马路。
You can't go acrothe road when the traffic light is red. 13.学不是很难。
英语读书笔记十篇带翻译
英语读书笔记十篇带翻译MyRoomThisismyroom.Nearthewindowthereisadesk.Ioftendomyhomeworkat it.Youcanseesomebooks,someflowersinavase,arulerandapen.Onth ewallnearthedeskthereisapictureofacat.Thereisaclockabovethe endofmybed.Iusuallyputmyshoeundermybed.Ofcoursethereisachai rinfrontofthedesk.IsitthereandIcanseethetreesandroadsoutsid e.我的房间这是我的房间。
在窗口附近有一张书桌。
我经常在那做我的家庭作业。
您能看有些书，有些花在花瓶里，一把格尺和笔。
在墙壁在书桌有猫的图片。
有一个时钟在我的床上的末端。
我通常把我的鞋子放在我的床下。
当然有一把椅子在书桌前面。
我坐那里，并且我能看外面的树和路Skating Momboughtmeapairofskatingshoesatmyfifthbirthday.Fromthenon, Idevelopedthehobbyofskating.Itnotonlymakesmestrongerandstro nger,butalsohelpsmeknowmanytruthsoflife.Iknowthatitisnormal tofall,andifonlyyoucangetonyourfeetagainandkeeponmoving,you areverygood!滑冰妈妈买了我一双冰鞋鞋子在我的第五个生日。
从那时起，我爱好滑冰。
它不仅使我越来越加强，而且帮助我知道生活许多真谛。
我知道摔倒是正常的，并且，如果只有你能摔倒后再站起来，就是非常好! TheSeaWhatdoyouknowaboutthesea?Somepeopleknowaboutit,butothersdon ’t.Thesealooksbeautifulonafinesunnyday,theseaisverybig.Int heworld,thereismoreseathanland.DoyouknowHainanIsland?It’sr eallyverynice.Wecanseebeaches,treesandthesea.Wecanswimandvi sitalotofbeautifulplaces.海你对海知道些什么？某些人知道关于它，但其他不。
傲慢与偏见英文版读书笔记
傲慢与偏见英文版读书笔记《傲慢与偏见》英文版读书笔记《傲慢与偏见》是英国著名女作家简·奥斯汀的经典之作。
这部小说以19 世纪初英国乡村生活为背景，通过对几对年轻人爱情故事的描写，生动地展现了当时社会的风貌和人们的价值观。
小说的主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特是一个聪明、独立、有主见的女孩。
她出生在一个普通的乡绅家庭，家中有五个姐妹。
伊丽莎白的母亲一心想把女儿们嫁给有钱有地位的男人，而伊丽莎白却对这种功利的婚姻观嗤之以鼻。
达西先生是一个富有、英俊但却傲慢的贵族。
他初次见到伊丽莎白时，因其出身和社会地位而对她产生了偏见，认为她不够美丽和优雅。
伊丽莎白也因为达西的傲慢而对他产生了反感。
然而，随着时间的推移和一系列事件的发生，他们逐渐改变了对彼此的看法。
在小说中，简·奥斯汀通过细腻的心理描写和精彩的对话，深入地刻画了人物的性格特点。
伊丽莎白的聪明机智和勇敢，达西先生的内心善良和真诚，都给读者留下了深刻的印象。
同时，小说中的其他人物，如伊丽莎白的姐姐简、好友夏洛特等，也都各具特色，展现了不同的人生选择和价值观。
除了人物刻画，小说还对当时英国社会的等级制度、婚姻观念等进行了深刻的批判。
在那个时代，婚姻往往被视为一种获取财富和社会地位的手段，而真正的爱情却被忽视。
伊丽莎白和达西的爱情故事，正是对这种社会现象的有力反抗。
他们跨越了阶级的差距和彼此的偏见，最终走到了一起，展现了爱情的力量。
小说中的语言简洁明快，却又富有表现力。
奥斯汀通过巧妙的讽刺和幽默，让读者在轻松愉快的氛围中感受到了社会的种种弊病。
例如，伊丽莎白的母亲班纳特太太的粗俗和浅薄，被奥斯汀以一种诙谐的方式展现出来，让人忍俊不禁的同时，也对这种人物形象产生了思考。
读完《傲慢与偏见》，我深深地被简·奥斯汀的才华所折服。
她以细腻的笔触描绘了一个充满生活气息的英国乡村社会，让读者仿佛置身其中。
同时，她对人性、爱情和社会现象的深刻洞察，也让这部小说具有了超越时代的价值。
电子书和传统书籍选句翻译
电子书和传统书籍选句翻译Withthe development of technology, more and more electric books are used by people;in the meantime, many people still read traditional books. I think both of themhave their own advantages and disadvantages.随着科技的发展，越来越多的人使用电子书；与此同时，很多人仍然在看传统书籍。
我觉得两者都有优点和缺点。
Electricbooks and traditional books can be very different from each other. Electricbooks are light to carry, and they are so divers that you can read them on yourmobile phone,MP4. To thecontrary, the quality of traditional books can be well guaranteed. Moreover,most of electric books are network novel, and most of traditional books areprofessional books. Many people enjoy reading traditional book. Finally, if youread the electric book too long, you will feel dizzy with agitation. So readingthe traditional books can make you healthy.电子图书与传统书籍是非常不一样的。
(完整word版)2017年英语六级作文范文及翻译：电子图书
2017年英语六级作文范文及翻译：电子图书Will E-books replace traditional books?1、随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多2、有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是……3、我的看法Will E-books replace traditional books?Recent decades have seen the rapid development of information technology, and thereby E-books have wound their way intoour daily life. Because of the wide and quick popularity of E-books, there has been an increasing controversy overthe question of whether E-books will replace traditional books or not.Many people hold the idea that it will not take long for E-books to replace traditional books because E-books have quite a few advantages over traditional ones. First, E-books aremore accessible to readers, because the readers just need to log onto the internet and read online. Second, thanks tothe advanced technology, the cost of E-books is much lower, so it takes readers far less money to buy E-books. Last but not the least, reading E-books has developed into part of our daily life, which is particularly appealing to young users, who are the body part of the users of electronic products.As far as I’m concerned, it isnot likelyfor E-books to replace traditional books for lots of reasons. For example, long time of reading E-books will do more harm to our eyes, and readers will find themselves more accessible to printed materials because computers and the internet haven’t yet been popularized to every cornerof our life.参考翻译：近几十年来信息技术得到了迅猛发展，电子书已经进入了人们的日常生活。
电子读书馆的英语作文
电子读书馆的英语作文The Evolution and Impact of Electronic Libraries.Electronic libraries, often referred to as digital libraries or e-libraries, have revolutionized the way we access, store, and share knowledge. These libraries are digital repositories of books, journals, articles, and other forms of information that can be accessed remotely through the internet. The concept of electronic libraries is not new; however, their popularity and importance have grown significantly in recent years, driven by advances in technology and the increasing digitization of content.The history of electronic libraries can be traced back to the early days of computing, when libraries began digitizing their collections to make them more accessible. In the late 20th century, with the advent of the internet, electronic libraries started to emerge as online platforms that allowed users to search, browse, and download digital content. Over time, these libraries have become moresophisticated, offering features like personalized recommendations, interactive learning tools, and multilingual support.One of the most significant benefits of electronic libraries is their accessibility. Unlike traditional libraries, which are often limited by physical space and opening hours, e-libraries are available 24/7, anywhere with an internet connection. This has opened up a world of information to students, researchers, and anyone with an internet-connected device. Whether it's a rare book, a scholarly article, or a best-selling novel, electronic libraries provide a convenient and efficient way to access it.Another advantage of electronic libraries is their ability to store vast amounts of information. Traditional libraries are limited by physical shelf space, but digital libraries can hold millions of books and articles without any physical constraints. This not only allows for the preservation of rare and valuable materials but also facilitates the dissemination of knowledge on a globalscale.Electronic libraries also provide powerful search and filtering capabilities that make it easy to find relevant information. Users can search by keyword, author, title, or even specific content types, such as academic journals or newspapers. This flexibility in searching allows users to quickly narrow down their search results and find the exact information they need.In addition to their utility in research and education, electronic libraries have also had a significant impact on publishing. They have democratized the distribution of content, allowing authors and publishers to reach a wider audience without the need for physical distribution channels. This has led to an explosion of new content, including indie books, blogs, and online journals, which are often not available in traditional libraries.Despite their many advantages, electronic libraries also face some challenges. One of the main concerns is the issue of copyright and intellectual property rights.Digital content can be easily copied and distributed without authorization, leading to potential legal issuesfor publishers and authors. To address this, electronic libraries often implement strict copyright protection measures and collaborate with publishers to ensure that content is distributed legally.Another challenge is the need for constant updates and maintenance. Electronic libraries must stay up-to-date with new technologies and security measures to protect their vast collections from hackers and malware attacks. Additionally, they must also invest in user support and training to help users navigate their platforms and make the most of their features.In conclusion, electronic libraries have revolutionized the way we access, store, and share knowledge. They have opened up a world of information to users worldwide, providing convenient and efficient access to millions of books, articles, and other forms of content. While they face some challenges, such as copyright issues and the need for constant updates, their impact on research, education,and publishing is undeniable. As technology continues to advance, we can expect electronic libraries to become even more sophisticated and user-friendly, further enhancing their role in promoting knowledge and learning.。
分享电子书英语作文带翻译
分享电子书英语作文带翻译好的，我明白了。
以下是一篇关于如何分享电子书英语作文的范文及其翻译：---。
Sharing E-books: A Boon for Readers Everywhere。
In today's digital age, the sharing of e-books has become increasingly prevalent, revolutionizing the way readers access and enjoy literature. With the click of a button, individuals can instantly share their favorite e-books with friends and family, transcending geographical boundaries and making knowledge more accessible than ever before.The benefits of sharing e-books are manifold. Firstly, it promotes literacy by providing individuals with easy access to a wide range of reading materials. In many parts of the world, physical books may be scarce or expensive,but e-books can be easily shared and accessed at little to no cost, leveling the playing field and ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to indulge in the joys of reading.Secondly, sharing e-books is environmentally friendly. Unlike traditional printed books, which require paper and ink, e-books are entirely digital and thus contribute to conservation efforts by reducing the demand for paper and lowering carbon emissions associated with printing and transportation.Furthermore, the sharing of e-books fosters a sense of community among readers. Through online platforms andsocial media groups dedicated to book sharing, individuals can connect with like-minded readers, discuss theirfavorite titles, and discover new literary gems. This sense of camaraderie enhances the reading experience, turning it into a shared adventure rather than a solitary pursuit.However, it is essential to acknowledge the challenges associated with sharing e-books, particularly concerningcopyright infringement. Authors and publishers invest considerable time and resources into creating and distributing their works, and unauthorized sharing of e-books can undermine their efforts and deprive them of rightful compensation. Therefore, it is crucial for readers to respect copyright laws and only share e-books that are legally obtained and authorized for distribution.In conclusion, the sharing of e-books represents a significant advancement in the world of literature, democratizing access to knowledge, promoting environmental sustainability, and fostering a sense of community among readers. By embracing this digital revolution responsibly and ethically, we can ensure that the benefits of e-book sharing are enjoyed by all, both now and in the future.---。
带翻译的电子笔记
带翻译的电子笔记Title: Electronic Note-taking with Translation。
Electronic note-taking has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its convenience and efficiency. With the help of electronic devices, individuals can easily take notes, organize their thoughts, and access their notes from anywhere. However, for those who are multilingual or studying a foreign language, the language barrier can still be a challenge. This is where electronic note-taking with translation comes in.Electronic note-taking with translation refers to the ability to write notes in one language and have them automatically translated into another language. This technology is particularly useful for students, professionals, and travelers who need to take notes in a foreign language but may not be fluent in that language. With electronic note-taking with translation, individuals can take notes in their native language and have themtranslated into the language they are studying or working with.There are several electronic note-taking applications and devices that offer translation features. One popular example is the Livescribe 3 smartpen, which allows users to write notes on paper and have them automaticallytransferred to their electronic device. The Livescribe 3 also has a translation feature that can translate notesinto over 20 different languages. Another popular option is the Microsoft OneNote application, which offers a built-in translation feature that can translate notes into over 60 different languages.The benefits of electronic note-taking with translation are numerous. For one, it can save time and effort for individuals who would otherwise have to manually translate their notes. This can be particularly useful for students who are studying a foreign language and need to take notes in that language. Additionally, electronic note-taking with translation can help individuals better understand and retain information by allowing them to take notes in theirnative language and then see the translated version in the language they are studying or working with.There are also some potential drawbacks to electronic note-taking with translation. For one, the accuracy of the translation may not always be perfect. This can be particularly true for complex or technical language, where nuances and context can be lost in translation. Additionally, relying too heavily on electronic note-taking with translation can hinder language learning and development. It is important for individuals to continue practicing their language skills and not rely solely on electronic devices for translation.In conclusion, electronic note-taking with translation is a useful tool for individuals who need to take notes in a foreign language. It can save time and effort, and help individuals better understand and retain information. However, it is important to be aware of the potential drawbacks and not rely too heavily on electronic devicesfor translation. By using electronic note-taking with translation in conjunction with language learning andpractice, individuals can maximize the benefits of this technology.。
关于使用电子设备阅读的英语作文
关于使用电子设备阅读的英语作文Reading on Gadgets: The Modern Way to Explore BooksHi there! My name is Alex and I'm 10 years old. I love reading all sorts of books - fiction stories, non-fiction books about science and nature, comics, you name it! These days, I do a lot of my reading on electronic devices like tablets, e-readers and even my mom's smartphone sometimes. Reading on gadgets is super convenient and fun. Let me tell you all about it!The Device LibraryOne of the coolest things about reading on devices is that I have a huge library at my fingertips. My parents have downloaded hundreds of e-books and set up accounts with online libraries. Whenever I want a new book, I just browse through and pick one out. No more waiting for trips to the book store or library!The e-books also take up zero physical space on my little bedside shelf. All those digital books fit neatly on my tablet's hard drive. It's like having an entire personal library that I can carry around everywhere.Reading Wherever, WheneverSpeaking of carrying my library everywhere, that's another awesome perk of reading on a device. I can read absolutely anywhere - in the car, at the park, on the school bus, you name it. My tablet and e-reader are lightweight and portable so my books are always with me.I can also read anytime, even if it's nighttime and the lights are out. Most devices have built-in backlight features that let me read in the dark. No more reading by flashlight under the covers!I just make sure to use Night Mode to reduce blue light before bedtime.Awesome Added FeaturesReading on a gadget is more than just reading plain text too.A lot of e-books have special multimedia features built right in. Some books have audio options so I can listen to them read aloud. There are also e-books with animated illustrations, videos, and interactive games and quizzes about the story.My favorites are the e-comics that let you click through panels just like a printed comic book. The images look so vibrant and colorful on my tablet's crisp, bright screen. Way better than old paper comic books if you ask me!Customizing My Reading ExperienceOne of the most useful features of reading on devices is the ability to customize my reading setup. I can adjust the text size, font style, brightness, and background color with just a few taps. Larger print with higher contrast makes reading so much easier on my eyes, especially at night.Many apps and e-readers also have productivity toolsbuilt-in. I can highlight important passages, leave digital bookmarks, and look up unfamiliar words with the dictionary feature. Some apps even let you leave digital sticky notes and annotations to keep track of your thoughts. So convenient compared to scribbling in physical books!Downsides? Not Too Many!Of course, reading on gadgets does have a couple downsides compared to physical books. First off, you need a fully charged battery or you're out of luck. That's why I always pack a portable charger if I'm going to be out and about reading for long periods. You also need a sturdy, protective case to avoid cracked screens and other damage.There's also the risk of getting distracted by games, videos and other apps when reading on a tablet or smartphone. But I've gotten pretty good at staying focused in Reading Mode andputting my device on Do Not Disturb when I want zero interruptions.Overall, the positives of reading on electronic devices way outweigh any negatives in my book (pun intended)! Ebooks and e-readers make reading more fun, interactive and convenient than ever before. They've definitely helped me read way more books than I might have otherwise.So what are you waiting for? Go charge up your tablet and load up your favorite reading apps and e-books. A whole new reading adventure awaits on your digital device!。
读书笔记翻译
读书笔记翻译读书笔记翻译1)imply, suggest: 这2个单词似乎翻译的五花八门，如“暗示着”、“蕴含着”，其实就意译为“意味着”就可以了，哪怕原文在表述一个充分非必要条件;还有像indicate，illustrate, demonstrate, illuminate, elaborate等的翻译，译者似乎都找不到对应的中文好词;很多译者也分不清effect, impact, implication & influence之间的差异。
另，诸如climb, jump, drop, plummet 等，翻译成上升下降显然过于轻描淡写;(2)if, unless, because, as, when/while.... : 这些引出的状语从句，按照汉语习惯，得先说原因，再说结果。
可很多译文，硬是要直译，搞成“A可以推出B，如果在C的条件下”，这明显不符合汉语习惯，就不能倒过来么?(3)such ... as...., 和定语从句：这是最常见的，用于定义某个概念，似乎就没几个人能翻译好，也是最生硬的地方。
但译者可以把长句变短，而不是用一个很长的汉语句型：“存在如此这样的一个最优值，它能XXXXX.....”来翻译。
(4)各种名字，人名、地名、公司名、定理定律的名字，译者补充了英文原文还好，否则，就让人分不清到底是谁，甚至前后不统一，特别是译者超过一个人的时候;(5)抽象名词：如“payoff / serial correlation / weighted average .....”，直译为“A的支付是XXX，B残差的序列相关说明，C 的加权平均为...”，但若要符合汉语习惯，则是：“支付矩阵(向量)、序列相关性(图)、加权平均值”。
任何一门大学的入门翻译书(或者口译考试教材)，基本都会在第一章就明文要求：抽象名词的翻译，要另外添加中文后缀词语使其具体化。
有几个教材实在翻译问题多多，随便举几个：(1)Campbell, The econometrics of financial market (中文版，上海财大出版社), 译者在很多名词(人名+经济学概念)定义上混乱，粗心么?还是译者第一次听说(翻译)它们啊?“译者序”中，还写道：“对译稿...反复推敲、仔细琢磨....为了确保不弄错一个公式....反复校对....还是不敢保证没有错译”，这前半句有些讽刺，后半句倒总算说了一句实话。
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桂林航天工业学院毕业设计英文资料翻译专业：电子信息工程技术姓名：黄莉珊学号：201004520121指导教师：潘丹青20 13 年 5 月 10 日英文翻译要求：1．要求所选用的英文资料必须是专业技术资料。
2．必须附上英文资料原文。
3．英文原文和翻译的中文格式、字体同读书笔记。
4．用A4纸打印，装订后放入档案袋交指导教师。
桂林航天工业学院电子工程系Reading notes: power electronic technology By reading the power electronic technology, I realized, power electronic technology is a new and applied in the field of power electronic technology, is the use of power electronics device (such as thyristor, decision, IGBT, etc.) for power transformation and control technology. Power electronics technology "power" of the transformation power but to hundreds MW even GW, can also be small to a few W even below 1 W, which is mainly composed of information processing and information electronic technology power electronic technology is mainly used in power transformation. And power electronics technology is divided into power electronic device manufacturing technology and communication technology (rectifier, inverter, chopper, inverter, a disguised form, etc.) two branches. In the module power technology, reading, I learned that power electronic technology is the use of power electronic devices to realize industrial scale electrical energy transformation technology. In general, it is a form of industrial electrical energy is converted into another form of industrial electricity. Will, for example, communication can transform electrical energy into direct current or dc can transform into ac electricity; The industrial frequency power conversion equipment for the required frequency of power supply; In the normal ac power is interrupted, using inverter (power converter) battery dc can transform into power frequency ac electricity. Application of power electronic technology can realize the conversion between electric energy and electric energy. For example, the use of solar cells convert solar radiation into electricity. With the electronic technology, power electronic technology transform electricity as energy rather than as a carrier of information sensing. So people focused on the conversion of electrical power.Reading notes 2: electric fan speed control method is discussed Fan speed control function is one of the basic function of the electric fan, is also one of the important ways of energy saving. Fan speed control methods based on the use of the motor. Single-phase capacitor motor and cover pole motor of the electric fan, electricity KangFa by tapping method, capacitance method and electrical method for speed control. Tap adjusting speed, reaction speed and capacitance is the basic principle of speed regulation by changing the winding each v number of turns to speed the reduce winding voltage to reduce magnetic field strength to realize the speed control.Tap method used more widely, it is characterized by less consumption, with makings provinces, light weight, but the winding, wire, wire is more complex, use scope is limited to a certain. Tapping speed regulation of motor has a primary winding, the middle three kinds of coil winding and the auxiliary winding. According to the middle winding connection position is divided into L, T, H. Desk fan, wall fan, floor fan adopts the tapping speed control method is more, as the raw material price fluctuations, however, due to insufficient number of turns of the fan motor winding, affected each fell down a winding circle number, lead to speed than can not meet the standard requirements.Reactor control method through the string into the different inductive reactance value of reactor per volt changing winding circle number to speed, it is the feature of each block speed adjustment easy, winding is simple and convenient maintenance; Disadvantage is can't follow one's inclinationsly regulation.Capacitance vice winding speed regulation method is by changing the voltage phase Angle of the relationship between indirect change main winding voltage to control the size of the motor windings to produce torque, achieve the purpose of regulating the main winding is constant voltage, and vice winding is a variable. Capacitance of governor at low cost, light weight, electromagnetic noise is small, but the short service life and low speed gear is hard to start. Ceiling fans and fan due to installation position limits, most use reactance or capacitance timing.Electronic governor is to use semiconductor principle of silicon controlled rectifier, it by changing to the two-way thyristor controltrigger pulse duty cycle, to realize the two-way thyristor control conduction time, to achieve control motor windings to produce torque, the length of time, to control and change the fan speed. Its characteristic is to adjust the size of the wind speed is not restricted, no class, which can realize the infinite speed adjustment, but the cost is higher.By comparing found that electronic speed mode relative to other control mode has the infinite speed adjustment and speed control effect good characteristic, is the electric fan preferred way of speed adjustment.Reading notes three: modern design method and development status of electric fansA, fan development present situation and the existing problems in the design(a) fan development present situationCompared electric fans and air conditioners have many advantages, it is smaller than air conditioning energy consumption, especially with the deepening of the international energy shortage and the concept of energy conservation, the electric fan is more valued. In addition, the electric fan blowing more natural, open doors and Windows are unaffected, and air conditioning room is closed, air circulation is poor, very susceptible to disease. Thus, electric fan also has the very big development space.(2) the problems existing in the electric fan in the designElectric fan to circulate on the market at present although many, but they shape is the same, the lack of new idea. On the color and material, also don't have much innovation. Although some cartoon appearance of the electric fan looks really beautiful, colour also is very rich, but will find it is always lack of a certain culture. With the improvement of people affected by education level, culture contained in the product concept is very important. For electric fan product, if it has good use function already, and have a elegant appearance style, at the same time, there is a deeper cultural connotation, it must be one of the most popular.From a functional point of view, at present most of the function of the electric fans are single, can't achieve "mastering many skills while specializing in one", this often leads to the waste some materials and space. If the electric fan to install other functions, thus realized muchfunction, convenient use, and saves energy, will bring great benefits.Second, the modern design methods are used in fan designIn today's market development is more and more mature, fan products involved in many disciplines and industrial categories, with the traditional design method is difficult to achieve. Therefore, for modern electric fan products, its design idea and design method are there will be some new content. In this paper, based on this starting point, from the view of development, the modern design method combined with fan products design, emphatically introduced the modular design, virtual design, product design and application of green design in electric fans.Reading notes three - electromagnetic compatibility designof electronic equipmentElectromagnetic compatibility discipline involves theoretical basis including mathematics, electromagnetic field theory, the antenna and the radio waves propagation, circuit theory, signal analysis, communication theory, materials science, biology, etc., so the electromagnetic compatibility discipline is a sharp comprehensive discipline, is closely related to the industrial production and quality control at the same time. Electronic equipment electromagnetic compatibility is a complex task, there is no universal method. In the practical work, to ensure electromagnetic compatibility of electronic devices to the organization and management method and technical methods including frequency band. Methods such as proper arrangement of spatial location of the electronic equipment to implement comprehensive administration. And including the system engineering method can be used on technology, circuit design techniques using a variety of methods of protection means. Electromagnetic compatibility treatment method has solved the problem, the standard method and system method, the system is using electromagnetic compatibility forecast model and the database. In each design phase and correct design methods, in order to achieve the optimal design. The work needs to be based on the standard method to build accurate digital models, a batch of data accumulated by testing to meet the requirements.Reading notes four: MC6805 microcontroller based electricfan controllerOne, the system overall designMC6805 by single-chip microcomputer, the system function keys, zero passage detection circuit, power supply module, infrared sensor module, display module, the basic modules such as SCR trigger circuit and the motor. Among them, the core part is SCM MC6805 governor.Wind can be divided into: strong, middle or weak and natural 4 files, each file can be stepless adjusting scope of a wind. This state can be stored for later use and into the sleep state as the initial parameters selection; Can at any time, 24 hours a day and night time start-up and timing shutdown, can be "strong breeze, stroke, weak wind, natural wind, stop" in any combination. According to timing sequence automatictime-sharing control, and the wind run length, the wind is too small to set up and adjustment.Second, the hardware designThe design with MC6805 SCM as the central processing unit, using infrared emitting and receiving device and key to realize various functions of start-up and shut down, and can implement remote control for a variety of functions; Using the controllable characteristics of two-way controlled, by controlling the bidirectional thyristor conduction realize four file wind stepless speed regulation, and can realize common wind, imitation of natural wind and sleep the conversion of the wind.Reading notes 5: the development of the intelligentelectric fan controllerThe overall design, selection of the key chip and characteristics In order to realize the intelligent control of the electric fan, an important question is how to select the appropriate microcomputer chip. The characteristics and requirements of intelligent control on the one hand to clear electric fans, on the other hand to all kinds ofmicrocomputer chip performance, price, etc. A comprehensive understanding. As household electric fan intelligent controller for small size, high reliability. After comprehensive comparison, we choose the suitable for electrical appliances consumer products and simple instrument control MC6805 microcontroller. It is suitable for large amount and area wide, price is low, and is itself a minimum system, don't need to extend any chip. MC6805 capacity of MCU in the RAM and ROM has been able to meet the requirements. Because of using unique optimization design of software and hardware, and give full play to the superiority of microcomputer, the intelligent controller has the electric fan to all control functions, wind patterns, timing closure, and infrared remote control operation function.Second, speed regulation principleHousehold electric fan motor is single-phase asynchronous motor, stator winding inductance and external of the phase-shift capacitor basic remain unchanged. Previously used in the speed regulation method is by changing the concatenated in the motor stator coil winding inductance coil inductance or by changing the concatenated motor stator coil winding on the size of the resistance to implementation. The intelligent controller is by controlling the ac voltage on motor stator coil of the method to realize the speed control of the conduction phase Angle. Within 0 ~ 180 when the conduction Angle variable hours, flowing through the motor stator coil current of effective value increases, motor speed faster. When conduction Angle greaten, flowing through the motor stator current effective value of coil is reduced, the motor speed slow down. Using this method has the advantage of speed regulation, can realize multistage speed, small volume, microcontroller is available; The disadvantage is strongly grid interference.Reading notes 6: LED digital tubeLed digital tube (led Segment Displays) is composed of multiple leds encapsulation together "eight" word, lead has been completed in the internal connection, only need to draw out their each stroke, public electrode. Led digital tube commonly used some of the other number is generally 7 paragraphs with a decimal point, and one is similar to the 3 + 1 "model. Digits half a bit, 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10 bits and so on... According to the connection of leds, led digital tube different divided into two categories, a total of Yin and Yang, to understand these characteristics of leds, the programming is very important, because of the different types of digital tube, besides they have differences in hardware circuit, programming methods are also different. Figure 2 is a total of Yin and anode digital circuit inside the tube, they glow of principle is the same, just different from their power supply polarity. Color has red, green, blue, yellow, etc. Led digital tube is widely used in instrumentation, clocks, station, home appliance, etc. Selects when should pay attention to product size color, power consumption, brightness, wavelength, etc.LED digital tube to normal display, driver circuit to drive the digital tube in each section of the code, which shows we are digital, so according to the different methods of LED digital tube driver, can be divided into two categories, static and dynamic.Reading notes 7 - journal of solid state electronic devices Borrow the book's main purpose is to want to learn from another Angle based components diode, triode and so on, you know, most of the domestic mold electric books speak these foundation, don't always jump drive theories, terminology, kang hua or TongShiBai teacher already speak like that, I still don't understand, or cannot achieve mastery through a comprehensive study, cannot be skilled use in the actual work. So, to seek a new Angle to understand these, then, go to the library to borrow this journal of solid state electronics, listening to what the title seems to be electronic, atomic, it focuses on the basic operation principle of the device, device manufacturing processes will also be introduced.1. Made of p-n junction main process stepsThe Si surface oxidation - coated orthogonal - out of exposure and development by mask A photoresist to remove RIE etching window of SiO2, boron injection through the window - > remove photoresist and sputtering A1 - on the surface with photoresist mask box B) repeat steps 2 ~ 4, keep contact hole in A1. (for the chip or the signal integrity, these most basic process should be to know, so that you know what is introduced, what impact, etc.)Before talking about equilibrium in the PN junction to write down two concepts: diffusion and drift. From the high concentration area to the low concentration region is called diffusion. Vice is called drift.Because of holes and electrons drift and diffusion current component formed four flows through the knot, the equilibrium state (no external incentives, device in no net current flow), the sum of the four component is zero.Eight - electronic technology professional English readingnotesWith rapid science and technology level, the development of computer, electronics, communication technology by leaps and bounds. International electronic age has become more and more near to us, therefore, learn good English, especially professional English now of college students is very important to us. Through the study of the book let me understand many of the popular home appliances using electronic professional knowledge, at the same time, according to the study of this book, let my English grammar in imperceptible in has been great progress. Book content, vocabulary, and grammar is based on the principles of stair climbing, distinguished, each unit grammar explanation in detail, at the same time also do a full text translation. For the students with poor English foundation, the beginning to the book it will be less difficult. At the same time, involved in the book to the content is now more popular electronic products and electronic professional knowledge. It not only introduces the performance characteristics of electronic products to us, also introduces the development of electronic products to us, it is better for us to know the product is a big help. Most important of all, the book can let me learn to the vocabulary of many new electronic professional, this for my future study and work are very big.Nine - reading notes "electronics manufacturingtechnology"By reading "electronics manufacturing technology", the book let me learn many knowledge in electronics manufacturing. This book starting from THT - SMT electronic components, machine electronic products was introduced in detail the material in the manufacturing process, equipment, method, process and management issues. Particularly with the book with multimedia teaching VCD film, with a lot of the scene to film, animation, analytical method of electronic products manufacturing industry of our country vivid description, solve the problem that the general teaching methods is difficult to accurately is introduced. Through this book, I learns the basic knowledge of electronic components. Main parameters such as electronic components, electronic components inspection and screening, naming and annotation, etc. Know the SMT some basic knowledge, at the same time, also know that the manufacturing of electronic products commonly used materials and tools, learned the design and manufacture of printed circuit board, to master a certain welding technology. Understand the electronic product manufacturing process, at the same time, also learned some kinds of electronic products manufacturing process management and quality management, etc. Through the study of the book that I can learn theoretical knowledge applied to practice. For his later can better work to lay a solid foundation.10 - reading notes "modern instrument power"Advanced equipment is dependent on the higher power, while the instrument power is usually the majority with switching power supply. Switching power supply technology belongs to the power electronic technology, it use the electricity power converter process with change, through the transformation of power can meet various requirements. Due to its high efficiency, energy saving can bring huge economic benefits, and rapid popularization have been obtained. In equipment power supply, communication new intelligent switch power supply system is the host of communication power supply system directly, in a broad sense, it includes ac uninterruptible power supply and dc uninterruptible power of two parts. Growing with the development of communication, communication network, its status in the entire national economy have become more and more important. The impulsion - passage of a communication system switching power supply, other place also is increasing day by day. Communication equipment of switch power supply of demand is higher and higher, continuously appear all sorts of new type of power supply. Such as phased type, chenghua linear regulated power supply, regulated power supply set emerging intelligent switching power supply, no electricity power, solar power and program-controlled power supply has begun to used in communication equipment.。