新标准大学英语综合教程第二单元
新标准大学英语综合教程2单元答案
Unit 2 Food, Glorious FoodActive Reading 1Reading and understanding2. Choose the best way to complete the sentences1. b2. B.3. a4. a.5. CDealing with unfamiliar words3. Match the words in the box with their definition1. frank2. resort3. yummy4. juicy5. gloomy6. innocence7. perception 8. Nonsense4. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box1 The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach. (enormous)2 There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate. (clinging)3 In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasn’t usual to eat fish and chips. (region)4 When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells. (discarded)5 To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and dig out the food. (implements; crack;scrape)6 The boy was especially fond of his mother’s bread and cakes from the oven. (baking)7 Because they’re smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, it’s quite a challenge to try your first oysters.(slippery)5. Answer the questions about the words in the box.1 Which word means feeling? (emotion)2 Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that there’s nothing you can do to change it? (despair)3 Which word means to say you’re not happy with s omeone or something?(complain)4 Which word describes how your face looks when you’re annoyed or worried about something? (frown)5 Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell or see? (nasty)6 Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun by embarrassing or annoying them slightly? (tease)Reading and interpreting6. Check the true statementsThe true statements are 1, 2, 4.Talking pointSome words to express likes or dislikes of particular food items. Positive words: appetizing, delicious, exquisite, fabulousmouth-watering, tasty temptingNegative words: bitter disgusting revoltingEither positive or negative: home-made (usually positive,) salty Savory, smooth, sourActive reading (2)Dealing with unfamiliar words4. Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box 1. more active 2. its features 3. the reason for it4. made in a factory5. help cause hormones to leave the brains6. press it strongly7. your parents8. liquid 9. tell people5. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.(1) luxury (2) nourishing (3) mould (4) manufacturer (5) snap(6) condensed (7) flavour (8) popularity (9) genetic (10) traitLanguage in useword formation3 Form new words with the following words and the prefixes / suffixes in the table. air – airsick car – carsick fiction – non-fiction help – helpfulsea – seasick shop – shopaholic smoker – non-smokerspoon – spoonfulstop – non-stop work – workaholic4 Answer the questions with the words you formed in Activity 3.What’s the word for:1 how you feel if the sea makes you ill? (seasick)2 someone who likes shopping a lot? (shopaholic)3 what something is if it is useful and providing help? (helpful)4 what a flight is if it goes directly from one place to another? (non-stop)5 someone who doesn’t smoke? (non-smoker)6 writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones? (non-fiction)5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt.外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。
新标准大学英语综合教程单元测试第2单元答案
1. When was the last time you were in _______ with your childhood friends?A. contextB. contactC. controlD. content2. Like a boat at sea, his mind started to _______ when he wasn't interested.A. floatB. soarC. sinkD. drift3. Mrs Jones didn't trust Jack, so she was very _______ to let him cut her grass.A. reluctantB. reluctantlyC. enthusiasticD. enthusiastically4. My house seems to be in a _______ state of disrepair—something is always broken!A. perpetuallyB. perpetualC. perpetuityD. perpetuate5. The problem needs to be looked at from a historical _______ .A. prospectiveB. directiveC. perspectiveD. executive6. Dr. Carter has written _______ about the brain and its influence on our emotions.A. extensivelyB. intensivelyC. extensiveD. intensive7. The accident of last week _______ a review of school safety policy.A. promptedB. promptC. promptingD. prompts8. I am easily _______ by ice cream, so it's probably the best if I don't look at the dessertmenu.A. temptB. temptsC. temptingD. tempted9. Wouldn't it be _______ if we didn't need to worry about money?A. predictableB. marvellousC. astonishingD. depressing10. Researchers claim that there is a _______ link between caffeine and headaches.A. definiteB. definitelyC. definitionD. defined11. It's incredible to see how newborn babies are completely _______ on other people foreverything.A. dependingB. dependenceC. dependentD. dependents12. The criminal devised an _______ plan to escape from prison.A. intrinsicB. intricateC. intrepidD. intrusive13. The court brought a _______ against the escaped prisoner.A. persecutionB. persecuteC. prosecutionD. prosecute14. Thank you for the offer to stay for dinner, but we don't want to _______.A. poseB. composeC. proposeD. impose15. Pedro's friends organized a friendly _______ to help him deal with his alcohol abuse.A. contraventionB. inventionC. interventionD. prevention16. It's impossible to not be impressed by the Taj Mahal and _______ at its beauty.A. respectB. flauntC. marvelD. admire17. We should hire an _______ reviewer who isn't biased one way or the other.A. internalB. outdoorC. indoorD. external18. I'm so excited for the new movie that waiting all year for it has been like _______.A. torturesB. torturingC. tortuousD. torture19. Dylan likes to write _______ during his free time on the weekend.A. poetryB. poetC. poeticD. poem20. The waterfall provided a _______ source of soothing background noise.A. continualB. continueC. continuingD. continuitySection B: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21.Last weekend, I fell and broke my toe.Your answer Correct answerover over22.Phil will come his own once his boss recognizes how valuable heis.Your answer Correct answerinto into23.Kevin has been riding a motorcycle a very young age.Your answer Correct answerfrom from24.Among the group members, there was a strong desire an afternoonof shopping.Your answer Correct answerwith for25.I usually drift to sleep while watching television.Your answer Correct answeroff off26.The teacher told me for talking in class again today.Your answer Correct answeroff off27.Do you believe free will?Your answer Correct answerin in28.Julie received an award in appreciation her service to thecommunity.Your answer Correct answerof of29.Don't try to reason a child—you won't get very far.Your answer Correct answerwith with30.Once again, Greg was left of the decision.Your answer Correct answerout outPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.When I was a child, my best friend Joseph and I would play a game called "Super SecretSpy." Sometimes I would play the spy and Joseph would play thesometimes we would reverse the roles. Make-believe games like this were my favourite, and Iremember that many summer days were spent outside, playing Super Secret Spy.Every time we played, the story had to be different. We played so much that, needless tosay, some of the stories got quite Eventually, Super Secret Spy was like a science fiction movie; the stories took place on other planets and one of us was an alien.Sometimes, we would wear old Halloween masks so the to an alien was remarkable!I remember one day in particular. Joseph was the alien and he captured me ona empty planet (my backyard). He threw me in "alien prison" (behinda big tree) and with mischievous delight. At first, I felt all aloneand Then I pulled myself together and remembered that I was the Super Secret Spy!I thought of my escape plan. When Alien Joseph came to check on me in the alien prison,I around quickly and grabbed his alien laser gun. Ina of laser fire, I ran past my captor and escaped the alien prison!I was free! Super Secret Spy had won again!Just then, Joseph and I both realized that it was late afternoon, the sun was setting,and was upon us. We were both hungry, so we were incredibly happywhen my mother called us inside for dinner. Even Super Secret Spies and aliens need to eat!Your answer Correct answer(31) villain villain(32) largely largely(33) resemblance bizarre(34) competence resemblance(35) barren barren(36) giggled giggled(37) helpless helpless(38) whirled whirled(39) blink blaze(40) twilight twilightPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.When we're young, we can't wait to grow up and get on with life. When we're adults, we longfor the carefree days of our youth when we could play all day without worry. This is one of the greatest ironies of life. Indeed, "the grass is always greener on the other side." It is a harsh truth that humans always want what they can't have. It's our nature.That's why it's good practice to instill in our children a healthy respect for childhood. Too many adults seem to be in a hurry for children to grow up. We always ask them, "What do you wantto be when you grow up?" We repeatedly tell them, "You can do/have that when you're older." We continually encourage them, "When you grow up, the world will be yours and you can make your dreams come true." It's no wonder, then, that children seem to be in such a rush to grow up, get older,and demand everything that we tell them is coming to them.Children should be free to play the day away. We should encourage them to use their imagination, create entire worlds in a cardboard box, and explore their backyard as if they were exploring an undiscovered country. You cannot put a price on an active and fertile imagination, nor can you overestimate the value of an inquisitive mind, a respect for the environment, and an urge to questionwhy everything is as it is. These traits are all developed and nurtured when we're children and, without them, we would not be able to function as adults in the modern world.Research has shown that children are happiest and healthiest when they have the freedom to actlike children. This may seem obvious, but it's often forgotten as parents push their children to study harder, practice longer, and essentially act like adults. It's important to remember that children are constantly learning. Therefore, they are also learning as they're playing. Exploring nature fosters a respect for the environment that may lead children to become biologists or naturalists. Creating with paint and crayons instills a love of art that might help develop young artists or musicians. Playing make-believe stimulates the imagination in a way that writers, filmmakers, and actors find most useful. Building with blocks helps the mind understand how things are constructed and might lead to an interest in engineering.It's true that play helps develop skills that will be used later in life. However, this should not be the sole purpose of play. Children should play because they're children. It's how they stay happy, healthy, and young. Why should we push them to be something they're not?41. Which of the following sentences is the main idea of this passage?A. It is a harsh truth that humans always want what they can't have.B. Too many adults seem to be in a hurry for children to grow up.C. Children should be free to play the day away.D. It's true that play helps develop skills that will be used later in life.42. Which of the following would the writer of this passage likely NOT agree with?A. Adults should understand that children learn while they play.B. It is important for children to play and act young.C. Many games help children appreciate potential careers.D. Children should concentrate on their schoolwork above everything else.43. "The grass is always greener on the other side" means _____.A. other situations always seem better than the ones we are inB. people always lack confidence in themselvesC. people prefer to live in a less barren landD. people always want their children to grow up fast44. This passage is best described as _____.A. a first-person memoirB. a dramatic dialogueC. a persuasive essayD. an entertaining story45. What does the writer mean by "You cannot put a price on an active and fertile imagination"?A. The ability to think creatively is worthless.B. The ability to think creatively is invaluable.C. The ability to think creatively helps children develop.D. The ability to think creatively is a natural part of childhood.。
新标准大学英语综合教程二 Unit2 课后题答案
综合教程二Unit2 课后题答案Active reading（1）Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words for actions in the box with their definitions.1 to gently move your hand over skin, hair or fur (stroke)2 to move along the ground on your hands and knees (crawl)3 to copy someone’s actions, words or behaviour (imitate)4 to touch someone gently several times with a flat hand to show that you care about them. (pat) Now complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.(a) My father patted me on the head to show he was pleased with me.(b) Children learn a lot by imitating their parents.(c) Babies start learning to crawl at about six months old.(d) She was sitting quietly in the corner, stroking the cat.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 (distinct)2 (Infants)3 (sympathetic)4 (stem from)5 (trace; discipline)6 (an overall; distress)改写：A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have an overall impression that I often felt a vague sense of distress.6 Answer the questions about the words and phrases.1.a2.a3.a4.a5.b6.b7.a8.a9.bActive reading 23 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1.c2.b3.b4.d5.c6.c7.b8.c4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 (honorable)2 (drama)3 (beam)4 (catalog)5 (volume)6 (knot)7 (couch)8 (clip)9 (mostly)5 Complete the summary with the words in Activity 4.(1)honorable(2)beam(3)mostly(4)catalog(5)clip(6)knot(7)couch(8)volume(9)drama6 Answer the questions about the words and phrases.1.b2.a3.a4.a5.b6.a7.a8.b9.bLanguage in useComplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets and the suffix -ant or -ancy.1. About 800,000 illegal enter the US every year. (immigrate)Correct answer immigrants2. She says her dream is to be one of the on a TV reality show like "Big Brother". (contest)Correct answer contestants3. I want to get a job as a teacher, but there aren't many at the moment. (vacant)Correct answer vacancies4. I have a friend who runs a management in London. (consult)Correct answer consultancy5. The trial lasted three days, during which time the never opened her mouth. (defend)Correct answer defendant6. Mel can't make his mind up about anything. His is a bit worrying. (hesitant)Correct answer hesitancy7. I don't know the way out of the building. Perhaps you should ask the over there. (attend)Correct answer attendant8. A normal lasts for about 40 weeks. (pregnant)Correct answer pregnancy9. He worked as an headteacher for two years before coming here. (assist)Correct answer assistantComplete the answers with the correct form of the underlined words and the prefix mis-.1. What happens if you don't understand something properly?You it. Correct answer misunderstand2. What have you done with something if it's in the wrong place?You have it. Correct answer misplaced3. What is the opposite of good fortune?It is . Correct answer misfortune4. If you have made an incorrect judgement of someone's character, what have you done?You have made a . Correct answer misjudgement5. If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened?You have been about it. Correct answer misinformedNow rewrite the sentences using by the time. Follow the example.Example:I accumulated a fixed circle of people. Then I lost my hearing.By the time I lost my hearing, I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people.1. I arrived at the party. Almost everyone had already left.Suggested answer:By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.2. At the age of two, children know about 100 words.Suggested answer:By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.3. In the end he realized what was happening, but it was too late to ask for help.Suggested answer:By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.4. When I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.Suggested answer:By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.5. Children learn a lot of useful skills before they leave primary school.Suggested answer:By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.6. Courtney finished writing the essay. The deadline had already passed.Suggested answer:By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed.Rewrite the sentences using as if / as though. Follow the example.Example:Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother. She was the one who seemed to have been hurt (and not the other baby).Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt.1. I didn't make the mistake, but the old man shouted at me.Suggested answer:The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake.2. The girl didn't fall over, but she started crying.Suggested answer:The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.3. It wasn't Lucy's party, but she stood at the door welcoming everyone.Suggested answer:Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if / as though it were her party.4. David wasn't making the noise, but Sylvia closed the door of his room.Suggested answer:Sylvia closed the door of David's room, as if / as though it were him that was making the noise.Translate the sentences into Chinese.1. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。
新标准大学英语综合教程2 unit2课后答案
新标准大学英语综合教程2u n i t2课后答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1(本答案仅供学习交流)Unit 2Acting Reading (1)41.stroke2.crawl3.imitate4.pat(a)patted(b)imitating(c)crawl(d)stroking51.distinct2.Infants3.sympathetic4.stem from5.trace; discipline6. A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have an overallimpression that I often felt a vague sense of distress.6 a, a, a, a, b, b, a, a, bActing Reading (2)41.honorable2.drama3.beam4.catalog5.volume6.knot7.couch8.clip9.mostly51.honorable2.beam3.mostly4.catalog5.clip6.knot7.couch8.volume9.drama6 b, a, a, a, b, a, a, b, bLanguage in use11.immigrants2.contestants3.vacancies4.consultancy5.defendant6.hesitancy7.attendant8.pregnancy9.assistant21.You misunderstand it.2.You have misplaced it.3.It is misfortune.4.You have made a misjudgment.5.You have been misinformed about it.31.By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.2.By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.3.By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.4.By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.5.By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.6.By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed. 41.The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made themistake.2.The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.3.Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if /as though it were her party.4.Sylvia closed the door of David’s room, as if / as though it were him that wasmaking the noise.51.这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。
新标准大学英语综合教程第二单元readingpractise
新标准⼤学英语综合教程第⼆单元readingpractiseAnger is a negative emotion. But, like being happy or excited, feeling angry makes people want to seek rewards, according to a new study of emotion and visual attention. The researchers found that people who are angry pay more attention to rewards than to threats—the opposite of people feeling other negative emotions like fear.Previous research has shown that emotion affects what someone pays attention to. If a fearful or anxious person is given a choice of a rewarding picture, like a sexy couple, and a threatening picture, like a person waving a knife threateningly, they will spend more time looking at the threat than at the rewarding picture. People feeling excited, however, are the other way—they will go for the reward.But nobody knows whether those reactions occur because the emotions are positive or negative, or because of something else, says Brett Ford of Boston College, who wrote the study with Maya Tamir, also of Boston College, and four other authors. "For example," she says, "emotions can vary in what they make you want to do. Fear is associated with a motivation to avoid, whereas excitement is associated with a motivation to approach. It can make you want to seek out certain things, like rewards." The research is published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.For her study, Ford focused on anger. Like fear, anger is a negative emotion. But, like excitement, anger motivates someone to go out and get rewards. First, participants in the study were assigned to write for 15 minutes about one of four memories in their past: a time when they were angry, afraid, excited and happy, or felt little or no emotion. A five-minute piece of music reinforced whichever emotion the participant had been assigned. Then they completed a task in which they had to examine two side-by-side pictures. An eye-tracking device monitored how much time they spent looking at each picture.Angry people spent more time looking at the rewarding pictures. "Looking at something is the first step before the thoughts and actions that follow," says Ford. "Attention kicks off an entire string of events that can end up influencing behavior." The people who felt happy and excited also looked more at the rewarding photos, but the two groups might act differently—an angry person might be motivated to approach something in a confrontational or aggressiveway, while a happy person might go for something they want in a nicer way—by collaborating, being sociable and friendly. 1.When people feel frightened, more attention is paid to________________.A. negative emotionsB. positive emotionsC. threatsD. rewards2.What is known in the previous research mentioned inParagraph 2?A. Anxious people pay more attention to threats.B. Excited people pay more attention to threats.C. Attention to threats or rewards is determined by emotion.D. Attention to threats or rewards may vary from person toperson.3.According to Ford, ________________.A. similar emotions always produce similar reactions frompeopleB. anger, like excitement, makes people pay more attention torewardsC. negative emotions are related to a motivation to approachD. positive emotions are related to a motivation to avoid4.The participant in Ford's study ________________.A. listened to a piece of music to help produce a specialemotionB. looked at two pictures when they have a specific emotion orno emotion at allC. record the length of the time they spent looking at picturesQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.Dogs are prone to bouts of envy and refuse to play if they are not treated fairly, scientists have found. The animals stoppedcooperating with researchers and began to show signs of distress if they were not offered the same tasty rewards given to other dogs, the study showed.Affronted dogs refused to offer their paws when invited to and began scratching and yawning, indicating that their stress levels were rising, the scientists report. The finding suggests that dogs may share the sense of fairness seen in other social animals that engage in cooperative behavior, such as monkeys.Some scientists believe a sense of justice could be crucial for social animals and may have played a role in the evolution of cooperation. Experiments led by Friederike Range at the University of Vienna tested how pairs of dogs reacted when each was given a different reward —either a piece of bread, some sausage, or nothing —in return for offering a paw to researchers.In one of the tests the first dog was given a piece of bread as a reward, while the second received nothing. When the test wasrepeated a number of times, the dog that got nothing quickly began to display what appeared to be envy. When the dogs were tested on their own, they continued to offer a paw even if they were not given a reward, suggesting they only became distressed if they thought they were being treated unfairly."It tells us that dogs are sensitive to unequal rewards. Is it envy; is it a sense of fairness? It's hard to say, because a lotdepends on howyou define those words," said Range. The researchers conclude, D. were made to become angry, excited and happy, or felt little or no emotion5.What is illustrated in Ford's study?A. Angry people tend to get something they want in anuncooperative way.B. Excited people tend to get something they want in athreatening way.C. Both angry people and excited people focus on rewardsbecause rewards are nicer.D. Both angry people and excited people have a series of action in a similar way."Our results suggest that species other than primates (灵长⽬动物) show at least a primitive version of inequity aversion." They now plan to test wolves in the same way.Last year, Frans de Waal at Emory University in Atlanta conducted similar experiments on capuchin monkeys (卷尾猴). In this case, the monkeys were trained to give small stones in return for an edible treat. When de Waal tried to give out the treats unfairly, by offering some monkeys cucumbers instead of tastier grapes, the monkeys either refused the food, or took it and threw it on the floor.6.Dogs will not cooperate well when researchers________________.A. give them no food after their playB. give them the same food as the other dogsC. treat them in different waysD. treat them in the same way as the other dogs7.What does the word "affronted" (Line 1, Para 2) most probablymean?A. confrontedB. ashamedC. lazyD. angry8.According to experiments led by Friederike Range, which ofthe following findings is right?A. Dogs usually behave themselves without realizing the existence of unfairness.B. Dogs usually become miserable with the existence of unfairness.C. Compared with monkeys, dogs are more likely to become envious.D. It is true that dogs are similar to monkeys in that they share the sense of fairness.9.Which kind of animals have been proved to share the samesense of fairness as dogs?A. wolvesB. capuchin monkeysC. human beingsD. cooperative wolves10.What's the main idea of the passage?A. Dogs will have negative feelings when they find they aretreated unfairly.B. Dogs have a strong sense of fairness, which is quite similarto wolves.C. Dogs react to unfair treatment very well because of theirsense of fairness.D. Dogs hate inequality even since the primitive times, unlikecapuchin monkeys.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage or dialog.Experts at University of Washington have warned that the way modern technology has been breaking people's connections with the natural world may give rise to a major psychological problem. We are a technological species, but we also need a deep connection with nature in our lives, said Peter Kahn, a UW developmental psychologist.Kahn and two of his UW graduate students, Rachel Severson and Jolina Ruckert, explored how humans connect with nature and technological nature. Writing in the current issue of the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science, the researchers revealed that they looked at the psychological effects of interacting with various forms of technological nature and explore humanity's growing estrangement (疏远) from nature. They even cited an earlier experiment that showed that people recovered better from low level stress by looking at an actual view of nature rather than seeing the same real-time high-definition television scene displayed on a plasma (等离⼦) window."What do we compare technology to? If we compare it to no nature, technological nature works pretty well. But if we compare it toactual nature, it doesn't seem to provide as many psychological benefits," Kahn said.They have also talked about a study that showed that compared to interacting with a real dog, children's interactions with robots were not as social or deep. Robots and virtual pets are beginning to replace children's interactions with biologically live pets.The larger concern is that technological nature will shift the baseline of what people perceive as the full human experience of nature, and that it will contribute to what we call environmental generational amnesia (环境失忆症), Ruckert said.Kahn added that poor air quality is a good example of physical degradation. We can choke on the air, and some people suffer asthma (哮喘), but we tend to regard that as a pretty normal part of the human condition.11.Serious psychological problems may arise because________________.A. people are increasingly isolated from natureB. technological nature has governed every aspect of humanbeing's lifeC. human beings have become a technological speciesD. modern technology has developed too fast for humans tocatch up with12.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statement istrue?A. Researchers focus their study on the relationship between humans and nature.B. Technological nature influences human beings more than nature.C. Technological nature and actual nature function in people's lives differently.D. People enjoy technological nature more than nature.13.What is the relationship between technological nature and actual nature?A. Technological nature will replace actual nature because it works so well.B. Actual nature will replace technological nature because it is so welcomed.C. Actual nature and technological nature can never coexist peacefully.D. Actual nature and technological nature should coexist peacefully.14.According to this passage, which will influence children in a more positive way?A. Robots.B. Virtual pets.C. Model planes.D. Real dogs.15.Hahn and his students tend to show more ________________to technological nature.A. approvalB. disapprovalC. indifferenceD. sympathyQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage or dialog.When large sums of money are concerned, it is advisable to trust nobody, mystery writer Agatha Christie once said. But what if there is a biological reason for why we would trust others with our cash? Scientists have discovered that the hormone oxytocin (脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙), when sniffed, makes people more prone to trust others to look after their money.To test the trusting effect of oxytocin, the researchers studied people who played an investment game. In the game, participants would choose how much money to hand over to a trustee. Investors were far more trusting after inhaling the hormone, researchers found.The findings have important implications for the study of conditions in which trust is diminished or augmented. Ongoing research suggests that inhaling oxytocin may help reduce anxiety in people with social phobia (社交恐惧症), for example, and help them to interact better with others.In the trust game participants played either the role of investor or trustee. Investors chose how much money to hand over to the trustee. The trustee, in turn, would then decide how much money to hand back after the financial stake quadrupled in size. Notably, the effect was not seen when the trustee was replaced with a computer. This suggests that oxytocin makes people more willing to engage in social interaction and not just more likely to take risks. Scientists believe oxytocin could work as a kind of neurotransmitter in brain regions associated with emotional and social behaviours. A person's appraisal of a situation could trigger a chain of neural events, including the release of oxytocin."Particular social mechanisms and social cues that foster trust, like a smiling face of the other person, may perhaps lead to increases in oxytocin levels and therefore to higher probabilities of trust," said Kosfeld, the economist.The findings may have direct clinical implications. Heinrichs, the psychologist, has been conducting several studies on the use of oxytocin in treating anxiety disorders, such as social phobia. The role of oxytocin could also help scientists to better understand disorders that cause some people to display too much trust. Children with a rare genetic disorder known as Williams syndrome, for example, approach strangers indiscriminately. The children's high level of trust could be due to excessive oxytocin release, scientists speculate. "This is the beginning of understanding human trust and positive social interactions from a biological point of view," Heinrichs said.Of course, one could also imagine more dubious uses for the "trust potion"—say, if car dealers or investment bankers sprayed their offices with oxytocin.16.Which factor influences people more in trusting others in termsof money in the trust game?A. The amount of money.B. The advice from others.C. The return of the investment.D. The release of oxytocin.17.What can be found in the trust game?A. Investors should consider a lot of factors before handing over the money to a trustee.B. More release of oxytocin from investors increases their trust for the trustee.C. Inhaling oxytocin is helpful to cure social phobia.D. Both investors and trustees deal with their money in a sensible way.18.In the last sentence in Paragraph 5, "trigger" most probably means ________________.A. bring aboutB. influenceC. changeD. determine19.According to the passage, what is the function of oxytocin in trust decisions?A. High level of oxytocin can make people smile.B. Oxytocin can determine the degree of trust directly.C. The increase of oxytocin in human's body may lead to probabilities of trust.D. Oxytocin can make people more likely to take risks.20.Which is the best title for this passage?A. Increasing TrustB. Biological Secret for TrustC. Trust in InvestmentD. The Cure for Anxiety Disorder正确答案。
新标准大学英语综合教程(2)原文及翻译
Unit 2 This is SandyI love it when my friends introduce me to new people, although I never let on. I love the proud and honorable expression they wear when they say “This is Sandy—she's deaf”, as if I were evidence of their benevolence. I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their “normal faces”. If they do the ritual well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one's closer to them. They never fail to say something nice about my pink hearing aids, while my regular friends beam on.I'm thinking of starting a hearing aid collection, actually. They'd make better accessories than earrings: I once saw a catalog for clip-on hearing aids and hearing aid covers, and the products were most definitely fashion statements in various shapes and hues. It'd be like the exquisitely expensive handbag Esther's dad got her when we were in high school. The rest of us could only admi re, but could not, imitate, because our dads weren’t rich enoughto spoil us that way. And now, only I can wear hearing aids: My friends can do nothing but gush.To be honest, I quite like my deafness. It wasn't easy the first few years after the car accident and the stupid exploding airbag, but now it's become something that makes me special among my friends. None of my close friends are hearing-impaired; simply because I wasn’t born deaf. By the time I lost my hearing; I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people, and they mostly rushed to participate in the drama.You know how when you talk about your friends, you refer to them as Drew the Bartender, Carol the Feminist, Greg the Guy Who Can Knot a Cherry Stem with His Tongue and so on? I'm Sandy the D eaf Girl. I like it. I don’t have any other particularly outstanding traits or skills. Never did.It's more than just standing out; too: I'm sure a lot of important events in my life wouldn't have happened or worked out quite the same way if I weren't wearing pink hearing aids. For example, the thing with Colin.I first met Colin at an apartment party. When Carol the Feminist introduced us to each other, I tucked my hair behind both my ears and leaned closer, not because he did the ritual particularly well; but because he was a stud: You should have seen his recovery smile after the inevitable surprise.We went in search of drinks after the handshakes, and somewhere between what was functioning as the wine bar and the couch, we lost Carol.“Do you usually read lips like this? Or do you sign, too?” he asked after a while.“I mostly just read lips because it was easier to pick up than signing, although that's not the only reason I was staring at your lips," I told him.He laughed. We talked more, and then the host upped the music volume and dimmed the lights for the “dance floor”; and I had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness. Andread his lips I did.We did the usual and exchanged numbers, and a week later Colin did the unthinkable and called. We went out, satisfied ourselves that the other person still looked good in sober daylight, and read more lips. Within two months Colin and I were dating.这位是桑迪我的朋友向生人介绍我的时候，虽然我嘴上从不说什么，但我心里喜欢得很。
Unit2新标准大学英语综合教程2
Text
How Empathy Unfolds
1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him.
Warming Up
Now decide whether the feelings or actions described below are a result of Sympathy (S) or Empathy (E).
1. sending a card to someone who is in hospital S 2. feeling happy because your friend has won a
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2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears.
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 Unit 2 A篇练习答案及课文翻译
Warming Up
Script
On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to allied forces led by the United States. The allies fought many costly battles against Japan. The bloodiest and most deadly was the Battle of Okinawa. US officials said the battle was one reason they decided to use atomic weapons on Japan. They said the human cost of fighting was too high.
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6 “What about me? I have two sons and three nephews at the front.” 7 “Maybe, but in our case it is our only son,” ventured the husband. 8 “What difference can it make? You may spoil your only son by excessive attentions, but you cannot love him more than you would all your other children if you had any. Parental love is not like bread that can be broken to pieces and split amongst the children in equal shares. If I am suffering now for my two sons, I am not suffering half for each of them but double ...” 9 “True ... true ... ” sighed the embarrassed husband, “but suppose a father has two sons at the front and he loses one of them, there is still one left to console him ... while ... ”
新标准大学英语-综合教程(外语教学和研究出版社)Unit2-重点单词
新标准大学英语-综合教程(外语教学和研究出版社)Unit2-重点单词Unit2 Food，glorious food!Frown[fraun] 词形变化: frowningly frowner frowned frowned frowning frowns •n. 皱眉，不悦v. 不同意，皱眉头•vi.（因烦恼、焦虑或沉思而）皱眉、蹙额•frown on 表示不满,不赞许,皱眉frown at 朝……皱眉头,对……表示不满，不赞许•frown upon不赞成,不以为然frown down用皱眉蹙额压制住nasty['nɑ:sti]词形变化: nastily nastier nastiest nastiness nasties •adj. （味道、气味、样子或感觉）令人作呕的，令人厌恶的；下流的，严重的，令人不快的，难懂的，危害的• a nasty piece of work n. 阴谋,下流的家伙cheap and nasty adj. 价廉物劣(中看不中用，金玉其外败絮其中)• a nasty one n. 责骂,使人一蹶不振的打击something nasty in the woodshed n.令人不愉快的经历•video nasty n. 恐怖录像片nasty-nice adj. 笑里藏刀的•leave a nasty taste in the mouth留下讨厌的气味Jack nasty鬼鬼祟祟的人•have a nasty spill[口](被)摔得很重(指从马背或自行车上摔下)leavea nasty taste in someone’s mouth给(某人)留下坏印象•sling a nasty foot跳舞跳得到家了nasty piece of work n. 令人讨厌的人,令人难以忍受的人•nasty taste in the mouth不愉快的感觉Things look nasty.事态险恶,事情不妙，有恶化之势• a nasty proposition难对付的人a nasty piece of goods讨厌的家伙,卑鄙的人• a nasty quarter of an hour不愉快的短暂时刻cut up nasty [口]发怒,冒火;露出凶相；找人吵架• a nasty bit of goods讨厌的家伙,卑鄙的人a nasty bit of work讨厌的家伙。
新标准大学英语综合教程2单元答案
Unit 2 Food, Glorious FoodActive Reading 1Reading and understanding2. Choose the best way to complete the sentences1. b2. B.3. a4. a.5. CDealing with unfamiliar words3. Match the words in the box with their definition1. frank2. resort3. yummy4. juicy5. gloomy6. innocence7. perception 8. Nonsense4. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box1 The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach. (enormous)2 There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate. (clinging)3 In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasn’t usual to eat fish and chips. (region)4 When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells. (discarded)5 To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and dig out the food. (implements; crack;scrape)6 The boy was especially fond of his mother’s bread and cakes from the oven. (baking)7 Because they’re smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, it’s quite a challenge to try your first oysters.(slippery)5. Answer the questions about the words in the box.1 Which word means feeling? (emotion)2 Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that there’s nothing you can do to change it? (despair)3 Which word means to say you’re not happy with s omeone or something?(complain)4 Which word describes how your face looks when you’re annoyed or worried about something? (frown)5 Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell or see? (nasty)6 Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun by embarrassing or annoying them slightly? (tease)Reading and interpreting6. Check the true statementsThe true statements are 1, 2, 4.Talking pointSome words to express likes or dislikes of particular food items. Positive words: appetizing, delicious, exquisite, fabulousmouth-watering, tasty temptingNegative words: bitter disgusting revoltingEither positive or negative: home-made (usually positive,) salty Savory, smooth, sourActive reading (2)Dealing with unfamiliar words4. Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box 1. more active 2. its features 3. the reason for it4. made in a factory5. help cause hormones to leave the brains6. press it strongly7. your parents8. liquid 9. tell people5. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.(1) luxury (2) nourishing (3) mould (4) manufacturer (5) snap(6) condensed (7) flavour (8) popularity (9) genetic (10) traitLanguage in useword formation3 Form new words with the following words and the prefixes / suffixes in the table. air – airsick car – carsick fiction – non-fiction help – helpfulsea – seasick shop – shopaholic smoker – non-smokerspoon – spoonfulstop – non-stop work – workaholic4 Answer the questions with the words you formed in Activity 3.What’s the word for:1 how you feel if the sea makes you ill? (seasick)2 someone who likes shopping a lot? (shopaholic)3 what something is if it is useful and providing help? (helpful)4 what a flight is if it goes directly from one place to another? (non-stop)5 someone who doesn’t smoke? (non-smoker)6 writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones? (non-fiction)5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt.外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。
【新标准大学英语-综合教程2】02-1教师版1
Unit 2 Mixed FeelingsActive Reading 1 How Empathy Unfolds同感是怎样表露的Starting point1.Questions: What are the seven emotions and the six sensory pleasures七情六欲?●the seven emotions七情joy, anger, sorrow,fear, love, hate and desire喜、怒、哀、乐、爱、恶、欲●the six sensory pleasures六欲visual, audio, olfactory, gustatory, tactile and mental pleasures见欲（视觉）、听欲（听觉）、香欲（嗅觉）、味欲（味觉）、触欲（触觉）、意欲2.Words and expressions describing different emotional people●be impetuous●act on impulse●easily get excited●cynical●be always grumblingsentimentalrational3.Discussion: Are you an emotional person?●what an emotional person is like●the earliest emotions you can remember in your life●one of the emotions you felt last time (happy, angry, shy, sad, depressed, frightened, annoyed, upset) ? Vocabularyempathy, apathy, antipathy, sympathy, pathos1.empathyn. the ability to understand other people's feelings and problems; the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were your own.have empathy with/for sb.Having begun my life in a children's home I have great empathy with the little ones.2.sympathy3.antipathya feeling of strong dislike towards someone or something synonym hostilityantipathy to/towards▪ a growing antipathy towards the government4.pathos n.the quality that a person, situation, film, or play has that makes you feel pity and sadness; aquality, as of anexperience or a work of art, that arouses feelings of pity, sympathy, tenderness, or sorrow（演讲、文章中的）怜悯，同情，哀婉，凄楚▪ the pathos of the woman trying to keep her lover5.apathythe feeling of not being interested in something, and not willing to make any effort to change or improve things: ▪ The campaign failed because of public apathy.infancydisturbancetraceTo follow the course or trail of:跟踪：跟随…的道路或足迹：trace a wounded deer; tracing missing persons.跟踪一头受伤的鹿；追寻失踪者To ascertain the successive stages in the development or progress of:追溯，探索：确定在…的发展或进程中的各个连续阶段：tracing the life cycle of an insect; trace the history of a family.探索一昆虫的生命周期；追溯一家族的历史To locate or discover by searching or researching evidence:查出：通过寻找或研究证据确定或发现：trace the cause of a disease.查出一疾病的原因dateTo have origin in a particular time in the past:源自：有过去特定时间的起源：This statue dates from 500b.c. 这座雕像可以追溯到公元前500年evokeTo call to mind by naming, citing, or suggesting:使人想起，使人产生：通过名字、引用或暗示使想起…：songs that evoke old memories.divergeTo differ, as in opinion or manner.分歧，相异，如在观点或行为上disciplineTo train by instruction and practice, especially to teach self-control to.训练，调教：通过教学和实践训练，尤指学会自我克制To teach to obey rules or accept authority.See Synonyms at teach 使遵守准则，使服从权威参见teachTo punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience.See Synonyms at punish 惩罚，处罚：为了控制或胁迫他人遵从而惩罚参见punishstem fromTo have or take origin or descent.起源于：由…发生，起源或源于Correct decisions stem from correct judgements.正确的决心来源于正确的判断。
新标准大学英语综合教程2第二单元unit
Section A: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1. Though it was difficult, Carlos knew the only _______ thing to do would be to admit cheatingon the test.A. honestlyB. honorC. honorableD. honest2. Debbie is very _______ to the plight of homeless people and always gets very emotionalwhen she sees them on the street.A. empathyB. empatheticC. sympathyD. sympathetic3. Certain types of birds often develop the skill of _______ and sound like they can speak.A. impressionsB. mimicryC. personificationD. imitating4. As babies develop, they need to learn to _______ before they can walk.A. runB. climbC. swimD. crawl5. When he was a child, Tony lost all vision in his right eye, so he feels _______ for thedifficulties faced by blind people.A. empathyB. empatheticC. sympathyD. sympathetic6. Kindergarten teachers often have to reprimand their students for _______.A. mimicryB. misbehaviourC. miseryD. misunderstanding7. During the Christmas holiday, many people feel a surge of _______ and give to charities.A. malevolenceB. disciplineC. benevolenceD. sensitivity8. Babies usually cry when they feel _______ because they have no other way to expressthemselves.A. distinguishedB. dishonestC. distressedD. discouraged9. Different cultures have different ways of _______ their children.A. authorizingB. discipliningC. obeyingD. sympathizing10. The research project was an _______ success—we managed to prove our theory conclusively.A. overageB. overdueC. overnightD. overall11. Thomas has no _______ to the feelings of others—he always makes very negative and offensivecomments.A. sensitivityB. senseC. sensoryD. sensitive12. No matter where Sue goes, something major happens; it's like she takes the _______ alongwith her.A. comedyB. tragedyC. romanceD. drama13. He reached out and _______ her cheek tenderly.A. scratchedB. strokedC. wipedD. massaged14. Brian felt incredible pressure and made a _______ decision, which ultimately turned outto be a big mistake.A. hasteB. hastilyC. hastyD. hasten15. The _______ events of this morning were making everyone feel very depressed and lonely.A. soberB. moderateC. blissfulD. welcome16. My brother was _______ interested in taking that psychology class at school.A. eagerlyB. excitedlyC. impatientlyD. keenly17. That documentary about the _______ of African refugees won all the major awards.A. plightB. flightC. blightD. slight18. Her little sister is still just a(n) _______; she turns six months next week.A. toddlerB. teenageC. infantD. adolescent19. Children love to _______ the actions they see in others, so be careful what you do!A. imitateB. irritateC. instigateD. implicate20. The photographs _______ strong memories of our holidays in France.A. damagedB. impairedC. evokedD. imitatedSection B: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21.Your answer Correct answeron on22.Your answer Correct answerbefore by23.It was important for the child to the doctor could administer the flu shot.Your answer Correct answerdown down24.help make new medicines.Your answer Correct answerto in25.Your answer Correct answerfrom from26.Your answer Correct answerout out27.Every time I try to get close and understand Catherine's problems, sheYour answer Correct answeraway away28.contest.Your answer Correct answeras as29.a crowd!Your answer Correct answerout out30.to jail.Your answer Correct answerbut butPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Last summer, Derek completed a research project for his psychology thesis. He was studying childbehaviour and wanted tochildren of different ages and put them in a(n)only a few toys and a smallHe then presented them with different stimuli that they might encounter during the day. Forexample, he would play music at a loud or softbe very bright or very dim; or fill the room with different smells, both good and bad. He hada(n)It was interesting to watch the children's behaviour response to the changing environment. Nearly all children eventually displayed some form ofin the room and had to be removed.The reactions were all fascinating, and Derek recorded everything that happened. He is now tryingtobehaviour. Hopefully, his work will help clarify and identify potential sources of misbehaviour.Your answer Correct answer(31) trace trace(32) mostly mostly(33) couch couch(34) volume volume(35) catalog repertoire(36) distinct distinct(37) diverge unfold(38) naughty naughty(39) comprehend disturbance(40) unfold comprehendPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Until very recently, most people assumed that the ability to feel and exhibit emotions was limited to human beings. It was generally assumed that animals could simply not feel emotions such as happiness, sadness, jealousy, anger, or grief. It wasn't that the intensity of these emotions was more limited than in humans; the general consensus was that such emotions were literally absent in all other animals.However, such thinking has recently been called into question as more and more researchers are uncovering evidence that suggests animals do indeed feel emotions. In some cases, these emotions are very obvious! Dog owners have known this for a long time. If a dog does something bad and is reprimanded by its owner, it will often hang its head low and exhibit "puppy-dog eyes." The dog knows it has been naughty and this is, in effect, its exhibition of sadness and sorrow.Another relatively clear example of animals' emotional behaviour is when they show aggression. In some cases, it doesn't take very much for animals to become irritated and angry. Dogs, wolves, lions, tigers, birds—nearly every animal has been observed in an agitated state and acting out against the cause of its frustration. In fact, animal researchers have even witnessed animals in the wild waging war and exacting revenge.Biologists have reported on countless other examples of animals' emotional behaviour. For example, some animals grieve over deceased family members, some dream and have nightmares, some display pride in the work demanded of them, some exhibit friendship and cooperation, and many show love. Examples of compassion and self-indulged enjoyment are also not uncommon.Based on the biological and scientific evidence, it seems beyond doubt that animals are capable of feeling and showing a wide range of emotions. Human do not have a monopoly on such feelings, and it's time for more people to understand that we're all part of one big emotional family.41. According to the article, which of the following was a general assumption made throughoutmuch of history?A. People feel a wide range of emotions.B. Animals feel a wide range of emotions.C. People feel a limited range of emotions.D. Animals are incapable of feeling emotions.42. This style of writing would best be described as _______.A. expositoryB. argumentativeC. narrativeD. descriptive43. Which of the following would make the best title for this article?A. The Limited Emotional Lives of AnimalsB. A Monopoly on Emotional BehaviorC. Emotions are UniversalD. Animals are People Too44. What is meant by "puppy-dog eyes" (Para 2)?A. Eyes that are full of emotion.B. Eyes that show no emotion.C. Eyes that belong to a puppy.D. Eyes that look like a puppy's.45. Which of the following does the author NOT present in order to support the topic?A. Popular opinion.B. Personal opinion.C. Scientific evidence.D. Biological research.。
新标准大学英语综合教程2unit2
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先天聋哑的刘看看
先天聋哑的刘 琳同学
单击此处添加标题
2.
后天性耳聋(Post eriorit y d eaf )也就 是指出生后听觉系统中由各种病变 因素，引起的耳聋。因此，它包括 神经性耳聋、传导性耳聋、器质性 耳聋、爆震性耳聋等等。
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助听器
hearing aid
• 助听器（hearing aid)是一个小型扩音器，把 原本听不到的声音加以扩大，再利用听障 者的残余听力，使声音能送到大脑听觉中 枢，而感觉到声音。主要由传声器、放大 器、耳机、电源和音量调控五部分组成。 助听器按传导方式分为气导助听器和骨导 助听器；按使用方式分类为盒式、眼镜式 、发夹式、耳背式、耳内式、耳道式、深 耳道式助听器。
• 西班牙电视台经常邀请唇语专家来解读球员在场上飚出的 脏话，而C罗不幸中枪！ • C罗在场上的话被唇语专家解读，让人非常惊讶的是，葡 萄牙球星居然辱骂贝尔他妈是**。
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唇语是lip language
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手语呢？
• 你以为是hand language?
• no,
• no,
»no!
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ASL
对于海伦凯勒的后来的成功安妮莎莉文老师也付出了很大的贡献她让海伦将手放在自己的喉咙上让海伦感受发声的震动夸张的声音邰丽华两岁失聪但她以独特方式创造艺术15岁成为中国残疾人艺术团的领舞演员19941998年湖北美术学院本科毕业19981999年武汉第一聋哑学校教师19992003年进入湖北省残疾人联合会艺术团2002年8月调入北京中国残疾人艺术团担任演员队队长同时兼任中国特殊艺术协会副主席
» 全国青联副主席。
• 邰丽华两岁失聪，但她以独特方式 创造艺术，15岁成为中国残疾人艺 术团的领舞演员，1994-1998年湖北 美术学院本科毕业，1998-1999年武 汉第一聋哑学校教师，1999-2003年 进入湖北省残疾人联合会艺术团， 2002年8月调入北京中国残疾人艺术 团，担任演员队队长，同时兼任中 国特殊艺术协会副主席。28岁成为 艺术总监，塑造了特殊艺术经典《 我的梦》。她领舞的《千手观音》 在2004年雅典残奥会上震撼世界， 在2005年央视春节联欢晚会上演绎 舞蹈“千手观音”。被评为《感动 中国》2005年度人物；
新标准大学英语综合教程第二单元
Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1. Though it was difficult, Carlos knew the only _______ thing to do would be to admit cheating onthe test.A. honestlyB. honorC. honorableD. honest2. Debbie is very _______ to the plight of homeless people and always gets very emotional whenshe sees them on the street.A. empathyB. empatheticC. sympathyD. sympathetic3. Certain types of birds often develop the skill of _______ and sound like they can speak.A. impressionsB. mimicryC. personificationD. imitating4. As babies develop, they need to learn to _______ before they can walk.A. runB. climbC. swimD. crawl5. When he was a child, Tony lost all vision in his right eye, so he feels _______ for the difficultiesfaced by blind people.A. empathyB. empatheticC. sympathyD. sympathetic6. Kindergarten teachers often have to reprimand their students for _______.A. mimicryB. misbehaviourC. miseryD. misunderstanding7. During the Christmas holiday, many people feel a surge of _______ and give to charities.A. malevolenceB. disciplineC. benevolenceD. sensitivity8. Babies usually cry when they feel _______ because they have no other way to expressthemselves.A. distinguishedB. dishonestC. distressedD. discouraged9. Different cultures have different ways of _______ their children.A. authorizingB. discipliningC. obeyingD. sympathizing10. The research project was an _______ success—we managed to prove our theory conclusively.A. overageB. overdueC. overnightD. overall11. Thomas has no _______ to the feelings of others—he always makes very negative and offensivecomments.A. sensitivityB. senseC. sensoryD. sensitive12. No matter where Sue goes, something major happens; it's like she takes the _______ along withher.A. comedyB. tragedyC. romanceD. drama13. He reached out and _______ her cheek tenderly.A. scratchedB. strokedC. wipedD. massaged14. Brian felt incredible pressure and made a _______ decision, which ultimately turned out to be abig mistake.A. hasteB. hastilyC. hastyD. hasten15. The _______ events of this morning were making everyone feel very depressed and lonely.A. soberB. moderateC. blissfulD. welcome16. My brother was _______ interested in taking that psychology class at school.A. eagerlyB. excitedlyC. impatientlyD. keenly17. That documentary about the _______ of African refugees won all the major awards.A. plightB. flightC. blightD. slight18. Her little sister is still just a(n) _______; she turns six months next week.A. toddlerB. teenageC. infantD. adolescent19. Children love to _______ the actions they see in others, so be careful what you do!A. imitateB. irritateC. instigateD. implicate20. The photographs _______ strong memories of our holidays in France.A. damagedB. impairedC. evokedD. imitatedSection B: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21.Don't let that you like opera, or she'll make you listen to it all the time!22.She had already fallen asleep23.It was important for the child to calm so the doctor could administer the flu shot.24.search of plants that might help make new medicines.25.the President's decision last year.26.I finally worked up the nerve to ask Rick on a date, and he said yes!27..28.29.30.Part II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Last summer, Derek completed a research project for his psychology thesis. He was studying child behaviour and wanted to (31)bad behavior back to its source. Derek took childrenof different ages and put them in a(n) empty room; there were only a few toysand a small to lie down on.He then presented them with different stimuli that they might encounter during the day. For example,he would play music at a loud or softvery dim; or fill the room with different smells, both good and bad. He had a(n)of several hundred stimuli.It was interesting to watch the children's behaviour in response to thechanging environment. Nearly all children eventually displayed some form ofbehaviour, but some of them created a serious in the room and had to beremoved.The reactions were all fascinating, and Derek recorded everything that happened. He is now trying tothe meaning of these results and the implications for child behaviour.Hopefully, his work will help clarify and identify potential sources of misbehaviour.Part III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Until very recently, most people assumed that the ability to feel and exhibit emotions was limited tohuman beings. It was generally assumed that animals could simply not feel emotions such as happiness, sadness, jealousy, anger, or grief. It wasn't that the intensity of these emotions was more limited than in humans; the general consensus was that such emotions were literally absent in all other animals.However, such thinking has recently been called into question as more and more researchers areuncovering evidence that suggests animals do indeed feel emotions. In some cases, these emotions arevery obvious! Dog owners have known this for a long time. If a dog does something bad and is reprimandedby its owner, it will often hang its head low and exhibit "puppy-dog eyes." The dog knows it has beennaughty and this is, in effect, its exhibition of sadness and sorrow.Another relatively clear example of animals' emotional behaviour is when they show aggression. Insome cases, it doesn't take very much for animals to become irritated and angry. Dogs, wolves, lions, tigers, birds—nearly every animal has been observed in an agitated state and acting out against the cause of its frustration. In fact, animal researchers have even witnessed animals in the wild waging war and exacting revenge.Biologists have reported on countless other examples of animals' emotional behaviour. For example,some animals grieve over deceased family members, some dream and have nightmares, some displaypride in the work demanded of them, some exhibit friendship and cooperation, and many show love.Examples of compassion and self-indulged enjoyment are also not uncommon.Based on the biological and scientific evidence, it seems beyond doubt that animals are capable offeeling and showing a wide range of emotions. Human do not have a monopoly on such feelings, and it'stime for more people to understand that we're all part of one big emotional family.41. According to the article, which of the following was a general assumption made throughout muchof history?A. People feel a wide range of emotions.B. Animals feel a wide range of emotions.C. People feel a limited range of emotions.D. Animals are incapable of feeling emotions.42. This style of writing would best be described as _______.A. expositoryB. argumentativeC. narrativeD. descriptive43. Which of the following would make the best title for this article?A. The Limited Emotional Lives of AnimalsB. A Monopoly on Emotional BehaviorC. Emotions are UniversalD. Animals are People Too44. What is meant by "puppy-dog eyes" (Para 2)?A. Eyes that are full of emotion.B. Eyes that show no emotion.C. Eyes that belong to a puppy.D. Eyes that look like a puppy's.45. Which of the following does the author NOT present in order to support the topic?A. Popular opinion.B. Personal opinion.C. Scientific evidence.D. Biological research。
新标准大学英语综合教程第二单元reading practise
Anger is a negative emotion. But, like being happy or excited, feeling angry makes people want to seek rewards, according to a new study of emotion and visual attention. The researchers found that people who are angry pay more attention to rewards than to threats—the opposite of people feeling other negative emotions like fear.Previous research has shown that emotion affects what someone pays attention to. If a fearful or anxious person is given a choice of a rewarding picture, like a sexy couple, and a threatening picture, like a person waving a knife threateningly, they will spend more time looking at the threat than at the rewarding picture. People feeling excited, however, are the other way—they will go for the reward.But nobody knows whether those reactions occur because the emotions are positive or negative, or because of something else, says Brett Ford of Boston College, who wrote the study with Maya Tamir, also of Boston College, and four other authors. "For example," she says, "emotions can vary in what they make you want to do. Fear is associated with a motivation to avoid, whereas excitement is associated with a motivation to approach. It can make you want to seek out certain things, like rewards." The research is published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.For her study, Ford focused on anger. Like fear, anger is a negative emotion. But, like excitement, anger motivates someone to go out and get rewards. First, participants in the study were assigned to write for 15 minutes about one of four memories in their past: a time when they were angry, afraid, excited and happy, or felt little or no emotion. A five-minute piece of music reinforced whichever emotion the participant had been assigned. Then they completed a task in which they had to examine two side-by-side pictures. An eye-tracking device monitored how much time they spent looking at each picture.Angry people spent more time looking at the rewarding pictures. "Looking at something is the first step before the thoughts and actions that follow," says Ford. "Attention kicks off an entire string of events that can end up influencing behavior." The people who felt happy and excited also looked more at the rewarding photos, but the two groups might act differently—an angry person might be motivated to approach something in a confrontational or aggressiveway, while a happy person might go for something they want in a nicer way—by collaborating, being sociable and friendly.1.When people feel frightened, more attention is paid to________________.A. negative emotionsB. positive emotionsC. threatsD. rewards2.What is known in the previous research mentioned inParagraph 2?A. Anxious people pay more attention to threats.B. Excited people pay more attention to threats.C. Attention to threats or rewards is determined by emotion.D. Attention to threats or rewards may vary from person toperson.3.According to Ford, ________________.A. similar emotions always produce similar reactions frompeopleB. anger, like excitement, makes people pay more attention torewardsC. negative emotions are related to a motivation to approachD. positive emotions are related to a motivation to avoid4.The participant in Ford's study ________________.A. listened to a piece of music to help produce a specialemotionB. looked at two pictures when they have a specific emotion orno emotion at allC. record the length of the time they spent looking at picturesQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.Dogs are prone to bouts of envy and refuse to play if they are not treated fairly, scientists have found. The animals stoppedcooperating with researchers and began to show signs of distress if they were not offered the same tasty rewards given to other dogs, the study showed.Affronted dogs refused to offer their paws when invited to and began scratching and yawning, indicating that their stress levels were rising, the scientists report. The finding suggests that dogs may share the sense of fairness seen in other social animals that engage in cooperative behavior, such as monkeys.Some scientists believe a sense of justice could be crucial for social animals and may have played a role in the evolution of cooperation. Experiments led by Friederike Range at the University of Vienna tested how pairs of dogs reacted when each was given a different reward —either a piece of bread, some sausage, or nothing —in return for offering a paw to researchers.In one of the tests the first dog was given a piece of bread as a reward, while the second received nothing. When the test wasrepeated a number of times, the dog that got nothing quickly began to display what appeared to be envy. When the dogs were tested on their own, they continued to offer a paw even if they were not given a reward, suggesting they only became distressed if they thought they were being treated unfairly."It tells us that dogs are sensitive to unequal rewards. Is it envy; is it a sense of fairness? It's hard to say, because a lot depends on howyou define those words," said Range. The researchers conclude, D. were made to become angry, excited and happy, or felt little or no emotion5.What is illustrated in Ford's study?A. Angry people tend to get something they want in anuncooperative way.B. Excited people tend to get something they want in athreatening way.C. Both angry people and excited people focus on rewardsbecause rewards are nicer.D. Both angry people and excited people have a series of action in a similar way."Our results suggest that species other than primates (灵长目动物) show at least a primitive version of inequity aversion." They now plan to test wolves in the same way.Last year, Frans de Waal at Emory University in Atlanta conducted similar experiments on capuchin monkeys (卷尾猴). In this case, the monkeys were trained to give small stones in return for an edible treat. When de Waal tried to give out the treats unfairly, by offering some monkeys cucumbers instead of tastier grapes, the monkeys either refused the food, or took it and threw it on the floor.6.Dogs will not cooperate well when researchers________________.A. give them no food after their playB. give them the same food as the other dogsC. treat them in different waysD. treat them in the same way as the other dogs7.What does the word "affronted" (Line 1, Para 2) most probablymean?A. confrontedB. ashamedC. lazyD. angry8.According to experiments led by Friederike Range, which ofthe following findings is right?A. Dogs usually behave themselves without realizing theexistence of unfairness.B. Dogs usually become miserable with the existence ofunfairness.C. Compared with monkeys, dogs are more likely to becomeenvious.D. It is true that dogs are similar to monkeys in that they sharethe sense of fairness.9.Which kind of animals have been proved to share the samesense of fairness as dogs?A. wolvesB. capuchin monkeysC. human beingsD. cooperative wolves10.What's the main idea of the passage?A. Dogs will have negative feelings when they find they aretreated unfairly.B. Dogs have a strong sense of fairness, which is quite similarto wolves.C. Dogs react to unfair treatment very well because of theirsense of fairness.D. Dogs hate inequality even since the primitive times, unlikecapuchin monkeys.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage or dialog.Experts at University of Washington have warned that the way modern technology has been breaking people's connections with the natural world may give rise to a major psychological problem. We are a technological species, but we also need a deep connection with nature in our lives, said Peter Kahn, a UW developmental psychologist.Kahn and two of his UW graduate students, Rachel Severson and Jolina Ruckert, explored how humans connect with nature and technological nature. Writing in the current issue of the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science, the researchers revealed that they looked at the psychological effects of interacting with various forms of technological nature and explore humanity's growing estrangement (疏远) from nature. They even cited an earlier experiment that showed that people recovered better from low level stress by looking at an actual view of nature rather than seeing the same real-time high-definition television scene displayed on a plasma (等离子) window."What do we compare technology to? If we compare it to no nature, technological nature works pretty well. But if we compare it toactual nature, it doesn't seem to provide as many psychological benefits," Kahn said.They have also talked about a study that showed that compared to interacting with a real dog, children's interactions with robots were not as social or deep. Robots and virtual pets are beginning to replace children's interactions with biologically live pets.The larger concern is that technological nature will shift the baseline of what people perceive as the full human experience of nature, and that it will contribute to what we call environmental generational amnesia (环境失忆症), Ruckert said.Kahn added that poor air quality is a good example of physical degradation. We can choke on the air, and some people suffer asthma (哮喘), but we tend to regard that as a pretty normal part of the human condition.11.Serious psychological problems may arise because________________.A. people are increasingly isolated from natureB. technological nature has governed every aspect of humanbeing's lifeC. human beings have become a technological speciesD. modern technology has developed too fast for humans tocatch up with12.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statement istrue?A. Researchers focus their study on the relationship betweenhumans and nature.B. Technological nature influences human beings more thannature.C. Technological nature and actual nature function in people'slives differently.D. People enjoy technological nature more than nature.13.What is the relationship between technological nature andactual nature?A. Technological nature will replace actual nature because itworks so well.B. Actual nature will replace technological nature because it isso welcomed.C. Actual nature and technological nature can never coexistpeacefully.D. Actual nature and technological nature should coexistpeacefully.14.According to this passage, which will influence children in amore positive way?A. Robots.B. Virtual pets.C. Model planes.D. Real dogs.15.Hahn and his students tend to show more ________________to technological nature.A. approvalB. disapprovalC. indifferenceD. sympathyQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage or dialog.When large sums of money are concerned, it is advisable to trust nobody, mystery writer Agatha Christie once said. But what if there is a biological reason for why we would trust others with our cash? Scientists have discovered that the hormone oxytocin (脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙), when sniffed, makes people more prone to trust others to look after their money.To test the trusting effect of oxytocin, the researchers studied people who played an investment game. In the game, participants would choose how much money to hand over to a trustee. Investors were far more trusting after inhaling the hormone, researchers found.The findings have important implications for the study of conditions in which trust is diminished or augmented. Ongoing research suggests that inhaling oxytocin may help reduce anxiety in people with social phobia (社交恐惧症), for example, and help them to interact better with others.In the trust game participants played either the role of investor or trustee. Investors chose how much money to hand over to the trustee. The trustee, in turn, would then decide how much money to hand back after the financial stake quadrupled in size.Notably, the effect was not seen when the trustee was replaced with a computer. This suggests that oxytocin makes people more willing to engage in social interaction and not just more likely to take risks. Scientists believe oxytocin could work as a kind of neurotransmitter in brain regions associated with emotional and social behaviours. A person's appraisal of a situation could trigger a chain of neural events, including the release of oxytocin."Particular social mechanisms and social cues that foster trust, like a smiling face of the other person, may perhaps lead to increases in oxytocin levels and therefore to higher probabilities of trust," said Kosfeld, the economist.The findings may have direct clinical implications. Heinrichs, the psychologist, has been conducting several studies on the use of oxytocin in treating anxiety disorders, such as social phobia. The role of oxytocin could also help scientists to better understand disorders that cause some people to display too much trust. Children with a rare genetic disorder known as Williams syndrome, for example, approach strangers indiscriminately. The children's high level of trust could be due to excessive oxytocin release, scientists speculate. "This is the beginning of understanding human trust and positive social interactions from a biological point of view," Heinrichs said.Of course, one could also imagine more dubious uses for the "trust potion"—say, if car dealers or investment bankers sprayed their offices with oxytocin.16.Which factor influences people more in trusting others in termsof money in the trust game?A. The amount of money.B. The advice from others.C. The return of the investment.D. The release of oxytocin.17.What can be found in the trust game?A. Investors should consider a lot of factors before handingover the money to a trustee.B. More release of oxytocin from investors increases their trustfor the trustee.C. Inhaling oxytocin is helpful to cure social phobia.D. Both investors and trustees deal with their money in asensible way.18.In the last sentence in Paragraph 5, "trigger" most probablymeans ________________.A. bring aboutB. influenceC. changeD. determine19.According to the passage, what is the function of oxytocin intrust decisions?A. High level of oxytocin can make people smile.B. Oxytocin can determine the degree of trust directly.C. The increase of oxytocin in human's body may lead toprobabilities of trust.D. Oxytocin can make people more likely to take risks.20.Which is the best title for this passage?A. Increasing TrustB. Biological Secret for TrustC. Trust in InvestmentD. The Cure for Anxiety Disorder正确答案。
《新标准大学英语_综合教程》第二单元课文参考译文
《新标准大学英语综合教程》第二单元课文参考译文Active Reading 1第一只牡蛎“来，尝尝这个，这个好吃，”我父亲一边说一边在我的鼻子前晃动着一只牡蛎。
我皱起眉头，说：“我不吃，我不喜欢吃这个。
”“胡说，你没尝过怎么知道不喜欢吃。
” 他跟我论理，“把它放进嘴里，品尝一下大西洋的味道。
”我觉得他说得对，可是有时候有些东西你只要看一眼就知道喜不喜欢。
坦率地说，我觉得牡蛎看起来挺恶心的。
这座饭店坐落在法国一个著名的海滨旅游胜地。
这时侍者不仅端上了一瓶放在冰篮子里的白葡萄酒，还端上一客份量极大的海鲜——螃蟹、对虾、大龙虾及各种贝类，都堆在一起。
我母亲正忙着购物，于是我父亲就决定带我——他十岁的儿子——去吃午饭。
他要让我体验生命里一个重要的事件，一件对我父亲来说与成年一样重要的事：我的第一只牡蛎。
世界上第一个吃牡蛎的男人到底是怎么想的呢？我说“男人”是因为女人肯定不会这么傻吧？“唷，我有点饿了，我们来瞧瞧这个石坑……嗯，我觉得它看起来挺好吃的！”好像不太可能。
父亲的话听起来更像是男生式的挑战。
“来，你尝尝这只牡蛎，我来尝尝这块油滋滋的咸肉三明治，让我们看看谁玩得更开心！”外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。
天气看起来和我的心情一样阴郁。
没有希望，只感觉饿，只担心失去纯真，因为我意识到这第一只牡蛎我今天得非吃不可了。
“我能吃炸鱼和薯条吗？”我满怀希望地问。
我突然觉得想家，想吃我最爱吃的饭菜。
“当然不行！他们这儿没有炸鱼和薯条，只有这地方最上等的海鲜，在这方圆几英里之内你找不到更好的海鲜了。
”他边回答边给自己又倒了一杯酒。
“好啦，别抱怨了，就给我尝一只牡蛎，然后你就可以吃些好吃的、顺口的东西，比如对虾加黄油面包，” 他提议说。
吃了这么长时间的饭，他的话里第一次有了妥协的意思。
但是，尽管清晰地感觉到了他的妥协——只有一个十岁的男孩才有这样的感觉，我仍然明白这妥协包含着吃掉那只牡蛎，那只放在我父亲的盘子边上的牡蛎。
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 Unit 2 A篇练习答案及课文翻译
Text
War
Text
War
1 The passengers had had to stop at a small station in order to continue their journey by the small oldfashioned local train. 2 At dawn, a bulky woman in deep mourning was hoisted in – almost like a shapeless bundle. Behind her, puffing and moaning, followed her husband – a tiny man, thin and weakly, looking shy and uneasy. 3 Having at last taken a seat he politely thanked the passengers who had helped his wife and made room for her. The wife pulled up her collar again to her eyes, so as to hide her face.
2. What were the intentions of the Japanese general in this battle? He planned to hurt the morale and strength of the Americans. / His intention was to bleed the American forces so bad that the US sued for peace.
on Nagasaki and Hiroshima? 4. What do today’s Okinawans (冲绳人) think of war?
新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 Unit 2 A篇练习答案及课文翻译
Many people remember or learned about the deaths and damage resulting from the war. Many Okinawans are pacifists, and they gather often to speak against violence.
2. What were the intentions of the Japanese general in this battle? He planned to hurt the morale and strength of the Americans. / His intention was to bleed the American forces so bad that the US sued for peace.
They are unhappy about the presence of American troops on Okinawa. And they oppose efforts by conservatives in Japan to strengthen the country’s military.
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Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1. Though it was difficult, Carlos knew the only _______ thing to do would be to admit cheatingon the test.A. honestlyB. honorC. honorableD. honest2. Debbie is very _______ to the plight of homeless people and always gets very emotionalwhen she sees them on the street.A. empathyB. empatheticC. sympathyD. sympathetic3. Certain types of birds often develop the skill of _______ and sound like they can speak.A. impressionsB. mimicryC. personificationD. imitating4. As babies develop, they need to learn to _______ before they can walk.A. runB. climbC. swimD. crawl5. When he was a child, Tony lost all vision in his right eye, so he feels _______ for thedifficulties faced by blind people.A. empathyB. empatheticC. sympathyD. sympathetic6. Kindergarten teachers often have to reprimand their students for _______.A. mimicryB. misbehaviourC. miseryD. misunderstanding7. During the Christmas holiday, many people feel a surge of _______ and give to charities.A. malevolenceB. disciplineC. benevolenceD. sensitivity8. Babies usually cry when they feel _______ because they have no other way to expressthemselves.A. distinguishedB. dishonestC. distressedD. discouraged9. Different cultures have different ways of _______ their children.A. authorizingB. discipliningC. obeyingD. sympathizing10. The research project was an _______ success—we managed to prove our theory conclusively.A. overageB. overdueC. overnightD. overall11. Thomas h as no _______ to the feelings of others—he always makes very negative and offensivecomments.A. sensitivityB. senseC. sensoryD. sensitive12. No matter where Sue goes, something major happens; it's like she takes the _______ alongwith her.A. comedyB. tragedyC. romanceD. drama13. He reached out and _______ her cheek tenderly.A. scratchedB. strokedC. wipedD. massaged14. Brian felt incredible pressure and made a _______ decision, which ultimately turned outto be a big mistake.A. hasteB. hastilyC. hastyD. hasten15. The _______ events of this morning were making everyone feel very depressed and lonely.A. soberB. moderateC. blissfulD. welcome16. My brother was _______ interested in taking that psychology class at school.A. eagerlyB. excitedlyC. impatientlyD. keenly17. That documentary about the _______ of African refugees won all the major awards.A. plightB. flightC. blightD. slight18. Her little sister is still just a(n) _______; she turns six months next week.A. toddlerB. teenageC. infantD. adolescent19. Children love to _______ the actions they see in others, so be careful what you do!A. imitateB. irritateC. instigateD. implicate20. The photographs _______ strong memories of our holidays in France.A. damagedB. impairedC. evokedD. imitatedSection B: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21.Don't let that you like opera, or she'll make you listen to it all the time!22.She had already fallen asleep the time we got back home.23.It was important for the child to calm so the doctor could administer the flushot.24.Professor Gregory went to the Amazon rainforest search of plants that might help make new medicines.25.All the issues we're facing today stem the President's decision last year.26.I finally worked up the nerve to ask Rick on a date, and he said yes!27.Every time I try to get close and understand Catherine's problems, she pulls .28.Alfredo received all the praise and congratulations, though he had won thecontest.29.If nothing else, that bright yellow coat will definitely help you stand in a crowd!30.If you testify in court, you need to tell nothing the truth or you could go tojail.Part II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.Last summer, Derek completed a research project for his psychology thesis. He was studying childbehaviour and wanted to (31) bad behavior back to its source. Derek tookchildren of different ages and put them in a(n) (32) empty room; there were only a few toys and a small (33) to lie down on.He then presented them with different stimuli that they might encounter during the day. Forexample, he would play music at a loud or soft (34); adjust the lightingto be very bright or very dim; or fill the room with different smells, both good and bad. Hehad a(n) (35) of several hundred (36) stimuli.It was interesting to watch the children's behaviour (37) in response tothe changing environment. Nearly all children eventually displayed some form of(38) behaviour, but some of them created a serious (39)in the room and had to be removed.The reactions were all fascinating, and Derek recorded everything that happened. He is now t ryingto (40) the meaning of these results and the implications for childbehaviour. Hopefully, his work will help clarify and identify potential sources of misbehaviour.Part III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Until very recently, most people assumed that the ability to feel and exhibit emotions was limitedto human beings. It was generally assumed that animals could simply not feel emotions such ashappiness, sadness, jealousy, anger, or grief. It wasn't that the intensity of these emotions wasmore limited than in humans; the general consensus was that such emotions were literally absent inall other animals.However, such thinking has recently been called into question as more and more researchers are uncovering evidence that suggests animals do indeed feel emotions. In some cases, these emotionsare very obvious! Dog owners have known this for a long time. If a dog does something bad and isreprimanded by its owner, it will often hang its head low and exhibit "puppy-dog eyes." The dog knowsit has been naughty and this is, in effect, its exhibition of sadness and sorrow.Another relatively clear example of animals' emotional behaviour is when they show aggression.In some cases, it doesn't take very much for animals to become irritated and angry. Dogs, wolves,lions, tigers, birds—nearly every animal has been observed in an agitated state and acting outagainst the cause of its frustration. In fact, animal researchers have even witnessed animals inthe wild waging war and exacting revenge.Biologists have reported on countless other examples of animals' emotional behaviour. Forexample, some animals grieve over deceased family members, some dream and have nightmares, somedisplay pride in the work demanded of them, some exhibit friendship and cooperation, and many showlove. Examples of compassion and self-indulged enjoyment are also not uncommon.Based on the biological and scientific evidence, it seems beyond doubt that animals are capableof feeling and showing a wide range of emotions. Human do not have a monopoly on such feelings, andit's time for more people to understand that we're all part of one big emotional family.41. According to the article, which of the following was a general assumption made t hroughoutmuch of history?A. People feel a wide range of emotions.B. Animals feel a wide range of emotions.C. People feel a limited range of emotions.D. Animals are incapable of feeling emotions.42. This style of writing would best be described as _______.A. expositoryB. argumentativeC. narrativeD. descriptive43. Which of the following would make the best title for this article?A. The Limited Emotional Lives of AnimalsB. A Monopoly on Emotional BehaviorC. Emotions are UniversalD. Animals are People Too44. What is meant by "puppy-dog eyes" (Para 2)?A. Eyes that are full of emotion.B. Eyes that show no emotion.C. Eyes that belong to a puppy.D. Eyes that look like a puppy's.45. Which of the following does the author NOT present in order to support the topic?A. Popular opinion.B. Personal opinion.C. Scientific evidence.D. Biological research。