期末考试题型和复习范围2018

期末考试题型和复习范围（2018年6月30号）

Part One: Bank filling (10×1=10points)

In this section, there are ten sentences with ten blanks. You are required to select one expression for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the sentences. Read thesesentences carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet.

说明：10个句子，每个句子中有一填空处，从18个备选英语短语中选择恰当的词语与相应的句子意思匹配。

Part Two: Word Matching(10×1=10points)

In this section, there are ten Chinese expressions followed by a word bank of twenty English ones. You are required to select one English expression for each Chinese expression from the word bank. Read theseexpressions carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet.

说明：10个汉语短语，从20个备选英语短语中选择与这些汉语短语意思相匹配的词语。

以上两题的内容均来自“文化特色词汇总表”

Part Three: Writing (20points)

Write something about the following topics. Your introduction of or common on each of the topics should not be less than 100 words.

1). The differences between Chinese language and English one中英思维与语言比较，参考页面：p58-59,p74,p77,p96-97,p100,p109,p111,p15-139）

●Paratactic (重意合) language Chinese

Parataxis refers to the language in which word and sentence units are composed

by means of their semantic coherence with diffusive (散布性的) linguistic forms

and covert (隐蔽的) grammar.

Hypotactic (重形合) language English

Hypotaxis (强调形合) refers to a language which uses the distinct formal labels, such as inflexion, prepositions, conjunctions etc. to link phrases, sentences and paragraphs, with overt grammar.

●Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯) Paratactic语义型语言(以意统形)

Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion（显性联接）Hypotactic形态型语言(以形驭意)

●Topic-Comment Sentence Structure （话题-评论结构）

Topic-prominent Language话题突出型语言

Subject-Predicate Sentence Structure （主语-谓语结构）

Subject-prominent Language主语突出型语言

●Compared with Chinese, English is a kind of hypotaxis and thus

pays much attention to the formal connection among linguistic units.

●Subject-verb agreement governs the formation of sentences of

which verb is the center.

●The relationships between linguistic units are marked by the

morphological (词法的,形态的) changes, inflections, conjunctions and prepositions.

●As a result, when Chinese is translated into English, some

“omitted” elements should be replenished（补充）.

●English pays much attention to overt cohesion and highlights the

structural integrity of sentences .

●Chinese: left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion

●English: right-extending，heavy-tailed like a peacock

●Chinese Clockwise Order

English describes the picture from the nearer distance to

the farther one. It begins from the prologue (序幕) and then

replenishes (补充) it in an anti-clockwise order

English Anticlockwise Order

Chinese just describes one event in the time order,

very methodically.

●Chinese

Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboo-making （制竹）（语序相对固定）

English

Order of linguistic elements: relatively flexible like block-building （积木）（语序相对灵活）

●Chinese tend to use imaginative thought pattern and accordingly

are fond of using imaginary words and metaphors in order to

achieve vivid effects in writing. Metaphors have become an

important tool in Chinese people daily communication, which can be shown in the following daily Chinese.

On the contrary, English people who lay much stress on abstract thought pattern favor the well-organized, logical structure. As a result, English language is characterized by its direct and

abstract words.

●Difference 1

English : Impersonal (物称) Chinese: Personal (人称)

Difference 2

English : Passive (被动) Chinese: Active (主动)

Difference 3

English : Static (静态) Chinese: Dynamic (动态) Difference 4

English : Order of Importance/Linear Pattern