最新跨文化交际期末考试题
跨文化交流考试试题
跨文化交流考试试题一、选择题（每题 5 分，共 25 分）1、以下哪个是跨文化交流中最容易导致误解的因素？（）A 语言差异B 价值观差异C 生活习惯差异D 宗教信仰差异2、在日本，人们见面时通常会（）A 握手B 拥抱C 鞠躬D 亲吻3、当与来自西方国家的人交流时，直接询问他们的年龄通常被认为是（）A 礼貌的B 不礼貌的C 友好的D 正常的4、伊斯兰教的重要节日是（）A 圣诞节B 开斋节C 复活节D 感恩节5、在跨文化交流中，“OK”这个手势在不同国家可能有不同的含义。
在以下哪个国家，这个手势被视为不礼貌或具有侮辱性？（）A 美国B 日本C 巴西D 法国二、填空题（每题 5 分，共 25 分）1、跨文化交流中的“高语境文化”通常是指像_____、＿____这样的国家，信息更多地蕴含在语境和关系中。
2、西方人的姓名通常是名字在前，姓氏在后，而中国人的姓名则是_____在前，＿____在后。
3、世界上使用人数最多的语言是_____，使用范围最广的语言是_____。
4、印度人大多信仰_____教，而泰国人大多信仰_____教。
5、不同文化中对于颜色的象征意义有所不同，在中国，红色通常象征着_____和_____。
三、简答题（每题 10 分，共 30 分）1、请简要说明跨文化交流中文化休克的含义及表现。
答：文化休克是指一个人进入到一个与自己原有文化环境差异较大的新环境时，在一段时间内出现的焦虑、失落、困惑、无助等一系列心理和生理上的不适反应。
表现可能包括情绪低落、孤独感强烈、对新环境的排斥、难以适应新的生活方式和价值观、沟通障碍等。
2、举例说明在跨文化商务交流中，应该注意哪些礼仪方面的差异？答：在跨文化商务交流中，礼仪方面的差异有很多。
比如，在德国，商务会面时守时非常重要，如果迟到会被视为不尊重对方；而在一些拉丁美洲国家，时间观念相对较宽松。
在日本，交换名片时要用双手，并微微鞠躬，且要仔细阅读对方的名片；而在美国，交换名片可能相对随意。
高三英语跨文化交际练习题20题
高三英语跨文化交际练习题20题1.In the United States, people often eat turkey on _____.A.ChristmasB.ThanksgivingC.EasterD.Halloween答案：B。
解析：在美国，人们通常在感恩节吃火鸡。
选项 A 圣诞节一般吃烤鸡等食物；选项C 复活节有彩蛋、兔子等元素；选项D 万圣节主要是糖果等。
2.Which of the following is not a traditional activity on St. Patrick's Day?A.Wearing green clothesB.ParadesC.Exchanging giftsD.Drinking green beer答案：C。
解析：在圣帕特里克节，人们会穿绿色衣服、举行游行、喝绿色啤酒。
但没有交换礼物这个传统活动。
3.On Halloween, children go from house to house asking for _____.A.candiesB.giftsC.toysD.flowers答案：A。
解析：在万圣节，孩子们挨家挨户要糖果。
选项B 礼物一般在圣诞节等节日交换；选项C 玩具不是万圣节主要索要的东西；选项D 花不是万圣节的常见物品。
4.In many Western countries, people decorate Christmas trees with _____.A.flowersB.candlesC.balloonsD.leaves答案：B。
解析：在许多西方国家，人们用蜡烛装饰圣诞树。
选项 A 花不是主要装饰圣诞树的物品；选项 C 气球一般不用于装饰圣诞树；选项D 树叶也不是圣诞树的常见装饰。
5.Which festival is associated with egg hunts?A.Valentine's DayB.EasterC.Independence DayD.Mother's Day答案：B。
跨文化交际期末考试题【新】
跨文化交际期末考试题【新】第一部分：选择题（共20题，每题1分，共20分）1. 当出现语言障碍时，以下哪个是最好的应对策略？A. 用手势和肢体动作来表达自己的意思B. 大声说出自己的观点C. 重复使用相同的单词和短语来帮助理解D. 简化语言使用的复杂度，使用简单易懂的语言2. 对于跨文化交流来说，以下哪种观念是最关键的？A. 遵循自己国家的行为准则B. 尊重不同文化之间的差异C. 强制对方接受自己的文化D. 批判对方的文化习惯3. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是最常用的？A. 肢体语言B. 非语言信息C. 语言信息D. 交流方式4. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观点是最重要的？A. 接受自己的文化习惯B. 批判他人的文化习惯C. 理解他人的文化习惯D. 拒绝他人的文化习惯5. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 活跃的参与B. 语言水平的熟练程度C. 适应当地的礼仪和行为准则D. 强调自己的文化背景6. 以下哪个是一个跨文化交际中最常见的问题？A. 礼貌和礼仪的不同B. 文化差异造成的文化霸权C. 认知差异的沟通问题D. 语言障碍7. 以下哪种服务最适合在跨文化交际中使用？A. 机器翻译服务B. 优先选择专业的口译和翻译服务C. 通过朋友或熟人的介绍寻找帮助D. 利用在线社交媒体解决问题8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该避免？A. 尊重并遵循当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 试图改变或批判当地的文化习俗C. 沿用自己的文化行为准则D. 关注当地的文化和语言细节9. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 避免使用简单易懂的语言B. 直截了当地表达自己的观点C. 关注当地的非语言行为和信号D. 尝试使用当地的单词和短语10. 当尝试与跨文化背景的人交流时，以下哪种能力是最重要的？A. 语言能力B. 理解当地文化的背景C. 思考和行动的方式D. 批判思维11. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个语言问题最常见？A. 不同的拼写和拼音B. 不同的语法结构和单词含义C. 方言和口音D. 礼仪和交际方式12. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个观念是最必要的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 认为自己的文化优越C. 轻视当地的命令和指示D. 批判当地文化的错误13. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个事情是至关重要的？A. 去熟悉当地的文化和语言背景B. 寻找机会批判当地的文化习惯C. 坚持自己的文化行为准则D. 放松身心，自然而然的融入当地环境14. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 尊重他人的文化背景B. 没有认真倾听对方的观点C. 关注当地的语言和文化细节D. 对对方的文化行为进行批评和评价15. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念是最重要的？A. “我们的文化最好”B. “我们的文化最好，但我们也能接受其他文化”C. “所有文化都有其独特之处，值得尊重和理解”D. “其他文化与我们的文化无关”16. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注和遵守当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 尝试使用当地的语言和单词C. 尊重和理解当地的文化习俗D. 批判和否定当地的文化习俗17. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 展示自己的文化背景B. 关注当地的语言和文化细节C. 认真倾听对方的观点D. 强调自己优越的文化背景18. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该被避免？A. 尊重所有人的文化背景B. 批判当地的文化行为C. 关注当地的非语言信号D. 使用当地的语言和单词19. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 试图改变当地的文化行为准则C. 使用自己的语言和单词D. 关注当地的微妙而又微小的语言和非语言信号20. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 忽略当地的迷信和传统信仰C. 尊重当地的宗教和文化背景D. 沿用自己的文化行为准则第二部分：简答题（共5道题，每题4分，共20分）1. 解释什么是文化差异，并列举至少三个文化差异的例子？2. 解释为什么认知差异在跨文化交际中是一个重要的问题，并提供至少三个示例说明不同的认知差异会如何影响跨文化交流?3. 解释什么是非语言沟通，并列举至少三个非语言沟通的例子？4. 解释为什么跨文化交际中的措辞和用词是非常重要的，并提供至少三个示例说明，不同的词语和措辞可能导致文化差异。
成人学生跨文化能力培养考核试卷
C.经济交际能力
D.行为适应能力
2.当不同文化背景的人在一起合作时，下列哪项策略能有效提升跨文化能力？（）
A.忽略文化差异
B.坚持自我文化立场
C.尊重并学习对方文化
D.避免任何形式的交流
3.在跨文化交流中，以下哪种行为表现了正面的跨文化能力？（）
A.讽刺对方的文化习俗
B.拒绝参与对方文化活动
A.学习动机
B.文化背景
C.学习经历
D.教育水平
17.跨文化教育中，以下哪些方法能够促进学习者的参与度？（）
A.实际案例分析
B.角色扮演
C.小组讨论
D.理论知识讲解
18.以下哪些行为在跨文化交际中被认为是礼貌的？（）
A.准时参加会议
B.用餐时遵循当地习俗
C.适当的身体接触
D.公共场合保持安静
19.跨文化交际中，以下哪些技能是必不可少的？（）
11. ______
12. ______
13. ______
14. ______
15. ______
16. ______
17. ______
18. ______
19. ______
20. ______
二、多选题（本题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，至少有一项是符合题目要求的）
C.外交谈判
D.国内员工培训
9.在跨文化交际中，以下哪些因素可能影响沟通的有效性？（）
A.信息的明确性
B.文化背景差异
C.沟通者的情绪状态
D.语言障碍
10.以下哪些方法可以帮助成人学生提高跨文化能力？（）
A.参加跨文化交流活动
B.阅读不同文化背景的文献
荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷考试课程：跨文化交际考试时间：120分钟专业：国际商务总分：100分---一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化的要素之一？A. 语言B. 宗教C. 肤色D. 性别2. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个层次的文化差异是最难以觉察和理解的？A. 表面文化B. 非语言文化C. 核心文化D. 价值观文化3. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种策略是针对文化差异进行适应的策略？A. 避免策略B. 否认策略C. 融合策略D. 转移策略4. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪项不是有效沟通的重要因素？A. 语言水平B. 礼貌态度C. 文化敏感度D. 地位高低5. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个是文化差异的主要表现形式？A. 同化B. 异化C. 互动D. 观察6. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念不符合文化相对主义？A. 文化多样性B. 文化普遍性C. 文化变异性D. 文化相对性7. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种能力不是有效沟通的关键能力？A. 语言能力B. 礼貌表达能力C. 自我中心能力D. 文化敏感能力8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为不符合文化适应的原则？A. 尊重对方文化习惯B. 主动学习对方语言C. 保持自身文化不变D. 理解对方价值观9. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是非语言沟通的表现形式？A. 书面沟通B. 口头沟通C. 肢体语言D. 电话沟通10. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种心态有助于有效沟通？A. 自我中心B. 开放心态C. 歧视心态D. 偏见心态---二、判断题（每题2分，共20分）11. 文化是一种稳定不变的社会现象。
（）12. 表面文化是指文化的核心价值观和信仰。
（）13. 跨文化交际中，语言是文化传播的最重要工具之一。
（）14. 文化相对主义认为所有文化都是平等的。
（）15. 在跨文化交际中，适应性是唯一的有效策略。
（）16. 跨文化交际中，尊重对方文化是沟通的基本前提。
《跨文化交际》题集
《跨文化交际》题集一、选择题（每题10分，共100分）1.跨文化交际主要研究的是：A. 不同国家之间的政治关系B. 不同文化背景的人们之间的交流与互动C. 国际经济的合作与发展D. 全球气候变化的影响2.在跨文化交际中，哪种行为可能被视为不尊重他人？A. 直视对方的眼睛以示真诚B. 在交谈中频繁点头表示赞同C. 在未经允许的情况下触摸他人的头部D. 礼貌地询问对方的个人生活3.“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的区别在于：A. 沟通中直接信息的多少B. 人们使用语言的频率C. 社会习俗的复杂性D. 对时间的重视程度4.下列哪项不属于非言语交际的形式？A. 肢体语言B. 面部表情C. 语音语调D. 书面文字5.在一些文化中，沉默可能被视为：A. 同意的标志B. 思考的表示C. 不尊重的行为D. 沟通的一种方式6.“文化休克”通常发生在：A. 一个人长时间处于自己的文化中B. 一个人初次接触并适应新的文化环境时C. 一个人对某种文化有深入了解之后D. 一个人在不同文化之间频繁切换时7.下列哪项是跨文化交际中常见的挑战？A. 语言障碍B. 价值观差异C. 沟通风格的不同D. 以上都是8.在一些文化中，时间被视为一种：A. 可以随意支配的资源B. 必须严格遵守的规则C. 可以用来建立社会关系的工具D. 以上都有可能是，取决于具体的文化9.“面子”在跨文化交际中是一个重要的概念，它通常指的是：A. 一个人的社会地位B. 一个人的自尊心和荣誉感C. 一个人在外貌上的吸引力D. 一个人在经济上的实力10.下列哪项不是促进跨文化交际有效性的策略？A. 增强文化意识B. 发展跨文化沟通技巧C. 避免与不同文化背景的人交往D. 尊重并适应不同的文化习俗二、填空题（每题10分，共50分）1.在跨文化交际中，__________是指由于文化差异而导致的沟通障碍或误解。
2.__________文化强调直接、明确的沟通方式，而__________文化则更注重含蓄和间接的表达。
跨文化交际期末考问题及答案
Chinese： To show respect to the other or give
the face to the other
American：Illegal as the child abuse
Warm up
• 2. What is a good friend in Chinese and
mind, you can buy me a red rose to show your apology.” Then the man bought her a rose and they went to a hotel together to study more about the skirt.
What is intercultural communication? What have you learned from this class?
3. Intercultural Communication
• Samovar & Porter
Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities.
• Non verbal communication includes those important but unspoken signals that individuals exhibit, specifically: body language (encompassing carriage/posture, appearance, listening, eye contact), hand gestures, and facial expressions. Non-verbal communication makes up the majority of the communication that we engage is, although it isn't always conscious.A very good example is:
跨文化交际期末考试
跨文化交际期末考试名词解释Unit 1:Economic globalization: the integration of national economic into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.*Barter system: farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money.Global village: all the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the internet.Melting pot: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.Cultural diversity: the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.Communication: meaning to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part to share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.Intercultural communication:communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol systems are distinct enough alter the communication eventComponents of Communication：①Source: The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.②Encoding: Encoding is the process of putting an idea intoa symbol.③Message: The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process ,the verb; the message is the resulting object.④Channel:The term channel is used technical to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.⑤Noise: T he term noise technically refers to anything that the message the source encodes.⑥Receiver: The receiver is the person who attends to the message.⑦Decoding:The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.⑧Receiver response: It refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.⑨Feedback:Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.10．Context: The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes places and which helps define the communication.Pragmatics: the study of effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior. Semantics: the study of the meaning of words.Denotation:the literal meaning or definition of a word --- the explicit, particular, defined meaning.Connotation: the suggestive meaning of a word --- all thevalues, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word. the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.Taboo:some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.Euphemism: the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.Unit 5:Chronemics: the study of how people perceive and use time.Monochromic time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.Polychromic time: being involved with many things at once.Proxemics: the perception and use of space.Kinetics: the study of body language.Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.Unit 9:A planetary culture: a culture that integrates eastern mysticism with western science and rationalism.Intercultural person: represents someone whose cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters of his or her own culture.caseUnit11.What are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village?1）Convenient transportation systems 2）Innovation communication systems3）Economic globalization 4）Widespread migrations2.What are the three aspects where the cultural differences exist?The three aspects where the cultural differences exist are:1)the material and spiritual products people produce2)What they do3)What they think3.What are the three ingredients of culture?1. Artifacts (the material and spiritual products people produce)2. behavior (what they do)3. concepts (beliefs, values, world views…) (what they think)4.How to understand cultural iceberg?What we can see about culture is just the tip of the iceberg, which refers to something changing more rapidly such as clothing, language, gestures etc.The majority of the iceberg is intangible and beyond sight, which refers to something deeply rooted and hard to change such as belief, interpersonal relationship, values, etc.5.What are the characteristic of culture?Culture is shared, learned, dynamic and ethnocentric.Enculturation6.What are the characteristic of communication?Communication is dynamic, irreversible, symbolic, systematic, transactional and contextual.Unit 2-47.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?The Americans tend to address only with given names while the Chinese may use the full name. Even when the full names areused in some formal accessions by the Americans, the given names would be placed before the surname while the Chinese would do the opposite.Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage while the Americans seldom do so.The Chinese tend to address the people with titles but in English only a few occupation or titles could be used.8.How is the Chinese writing style different from the American style?The Chinese employ a circular approach in writing. In this kind indirect writing, the development of the paragraph may be said to be ‘turning and turning in a widening gyre.’ The circles or gyres turn around the subject and show it from a variety of tangential views, but the subject is never looked at directly.In contrast, the Americans are direct and linear in writing with the factual-inductive pattern. An English expository paragraph usually begins with a topic statement supported by example and illustrations, proceeds, to develop that central idea and relate that idea to all other ideas in the whole essay.9.What are the social functions of compliments?Compliments have a series of social functions: creating or reinforcing solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism, starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment.Unit 510. What are the different features of M-time and P-time?M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation, punctuality and promptness. It features one event at a time and time is perceived as a linear structure. P-time is less rigid and clock-bound. It features several activities at the same time andtime is perceived as more flexible and more human-centered.Unit 611. How is gender different from sex?Sex: biological、permanent、with an individual property.Gender: socially-constructed、varied over time and across cultures、with a social and relational quality.12.What has influenced the gender socialization?According to researchers,there are two primary influences on gender socialization: family communication, particularly between mothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.13. What are the six principles for effective cross-gender communication?1) Suspend judgement; 2) Recognize the validity of different communication styles;3) Provide translation cues. 4) Seek translation cues.5) Enlarge your own communication style. 6) Suspend judgementUnit 914.What are the American/Chinese cultural values like in terms of Cultural Orientation put forward by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck? （ppt中的补充内容）As far as the human nature is concerned, American culture holds that it is evil but perfectible through hard work. As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can conquer nature. They also have a linear time concept and therefore they are future-oriented. They focus on doing and think that only actions can solve the problem. They are quite individualistic and therefore they focus less on the benefits of the group.As far as the human nature is concerned, Chinese cultureholds that it is good but corruptible without proper education. As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can live in harmony with nature. They also have a cyclical time concept and therefore they are past-oriented. They have a being-and-becoming attitude towards activity and think that man should keep an inner peace as nothing is eternal. They are quite collective and therefore they focus more on the benefits of the group.)。
高中英语跨文化交际练习题50题含答案解析
高中英语跨文化交际练习题50题含答案解析1.In some Western countries, it's polite to make eye contact when talking. In Japan, however, prolonged eye contact may be considered impolite. When you are having a conversation with a new acquaintance in Japan, what should you do?A.Make strong eye contact.B.Avoid prolonged eye contact.C.Stare at the person.D.Look away constantly.答案解析：B。
在日本，避免长时间的目光接触被认为是礼貌的行为。
选项A 在一些西方国家可能是礼貌的，但在日本不是；选项C 盯着人看在任何国家都不太礼貌；选项D 不断地看别处也不恰当。
2.In the United States, it's common to greet with a handshake. In Thailand, what is a common way to greet?A.Bow.B.Hug.C.Kiss on the cheek.D.Shake hands firmly.答案解析：A。
在泰国，人们通常以鞠躬的方式问候。
选项B 拥抱在美国等一些国家比较常见，但在泰国不是主要的问候方式；选项C 亲吻脸颊在一些欧洲国家常见；选项D 在美国常见。
3.In France, it's considered polite to greet with a kiss on both cheeks.In China, what is a more common way to greet?A.Kiss on the cheek.B.Bow slightly.C.Shake hands.D.Hug.答案解析：C。
跨文化交流考试题
Examination1.what is intercultural communication?what have you learned from this class?Intercultural communication is a form of communication that aims to share information across different cultures and social groups. It is used to describe the wide range of communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an organization or social context made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Intercultural communication is sometimes used synonymously with cross-cultural communication. In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them. Many people in intercultural business communicationargue that culture determines how individuals encode messages, what medium they choose for transmitting them, and the way messages are interpreted.[1] The European researcher Daniele Trevisani pointed out the semantic distinction between Intercultural and Cross-Cultural Communication should be clearly specified: Intercultural Communication properly refers to the study of the "interaction" between people from different cultures, while Cross-Cultural Communication specifically refers to the comparisonof how people from different cultures communicate. In other words,Cross-Cultural Communication is a "static differential image" depicting differences in communication patterns across different cultures, while Intercultural Communication studies "dynamic interactional patterns", what happens when people from at least two different cultures meet and interact, and what "frames" are generated from this interaction, e.g. understanding vs. misunderstanding, agreement vs. disagreement, cultural adaptationvs. cultural isolation, emerging of "third cultures", conflict vs. cooperation, intercultural team cohesiveness vs. team misunderstandings, intercultural projects success vs. projects failure, emotional improvement vs. emotional deterioration, and any other relational outcome (Trevisani, 2005).[2] In a broader sense, Intercultural communication encompasses cross-cultural communication, international communication, development communication, and intercultural communication's narrower referent, intercultural communication proper.[3] With regard to intercultural communication proper, it studies situations where people from different cultural backgrounds interact. Aside from language, intercultural communication focuses on social attributes, thought patterns, and the cultures of different groups of people. It also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. Intercultural communicationplays a role in social sciences such as anthropology, cultural studies, linguistics, psychology and communication studies. Intercultural communication is also referred to as the base for international businesses. There are several cross-cultural service providers around who can assist with the development of intercultural communication skills. Research is a major part of the development of intercultural communication skills.[4][5]2.Explain the difference between verbal communication and non-verbal communication in details.--Verbal communicationconsist of messages being sent and received continuously with the speaker and the listener, it is focused on the way messages are portrayed. Verbal communication is based on language and use of expression, the tone in which the sender of the message relays the communication can determine how the message is received and inwhat context.Factors that effect verbal communication:• Tone of voice• Use of descriptive words• Emphasis on certain phrases• Volume of voiceThe way a message is received is dependent on these factors as they give a greater interpretation for the receiver as to what is meant by the message is. By emphasizing a certain phrase with the tone of voice, this indicates that it is important and she be focused more on.Along with these attributes verbal communication is also accompanied with non-verbal cues. These cues make the message clearer and give the listener an indication of what way the information should be received.[23]Example of non-verbal cues• Facial expressions• Hand gestures• Use of objects• Body movementIn terms of intercultural communication there are language barriers which are effected by verbal forms of communication. In this instance there is opportunity for miscommunication between two or more parties.[24] Other barriers that contribute to miscommunication would be the type of words chosen in conversation. do to different cultures there are different meaning in vocabulary chosen, this allows for a message between the sender and receiver to be misconstrued.[25]6.Explain the pros and cons of nonverbal communication.Nonverbal Communication[edit]Nonverbal communication is behavior that communicateswithout words—though it often may accompanied by words.Nonverbal behavior can include things such as• facial expressions and gestures• clothing• movement• posture• eye contact.[26]When these actions are paired with verbal communication amessage is created and sent out. A form of nonverbal communicationis kinesic behaviour. Kinesic behaviour is communication through body movement—e.g., posture, gestures, facial expressions and eye contact. The meaning of such behaviour varies across countries and affects intercultural communication. A form of kinesic nonverbalcommunication is eye contact and the use of the eyes to convey messages. Overall, nonverbal communication gives clues to what isbeing said verbally by physical portrayals.Nonverbal communication techniques used around the worldand in multiple cultures.Nonverbal communication and kinesic is not the only way to communicate without words. Proxemics, a form of nonverbal communication, deals with the influence of proximity and space on communication. Another form of nonverbal behaviour andcommunication dealing with intercultural communication is paralanguage. Paralanguage refers to how something is said, rather than the content of what is said—e.g., rate of speech, tone and inflection of voice, other noises, laughing, yawning, and silence. Paralanguage will be later touched on in the verbal section of intercultural communication.Nonverbal communication has been shown to account for between 65% and 93% of interpreted communication.[27] Minor variations in body language, speech rhythms, and punctuality often cause mistrust and misperception of the situation among cross-cultural parties. This is where nonverbal communication can cause problems withintercultural communication. Misunderstandings with nonverbal communication can lead to miscommunication and insults withcultural differences. For example, a handshake in one culture may be recognized as appropriate, whereas another culture may recognize itas rude or inappropriate.[27]Nonverbal communication can be used without the use of verbal communication. This can be used as a coding system for people who donot use verbal behaviour to communicate in different cultures, where speaking is not allowed.[28] An facial expression can give cues to another person and send a message, without using verbal communication.Something that usually goes unnoticed in cultures and communication is that clothing and the way people dress is used as aform of nonverbal communication. What a person wears can tell a lotabout them. For example, whether someone is poor or rich, young orold or if they have specific cultures and beliefs can all be said through clothing and style. This is a form of nonverbal communication.Overall, nonverbal communication is a very important concept in intercultural communication.3.Based on the Kluekhohn’s model ,explain American CultureValue in detail.1) = Human nature orientation 人性取向Westerners believe that human nature is basically evil due to their original sin.However, the evil nature can be saved through salvation,if one believes in Jesus and continues doing good things.2) = Man-nature orientation 人天取向Americans have historically believed that nature was somethingthat could and had to be mastered.Early West European immigrantsto North America encountered a vast, unforgiving wilderness that they set about to “tame”,and modern astronaut are working to “conquer” the space.时间取向3) = Time orientationFuture-orientated cultures emphasize what is to come and expectthe future to be grander and nicer than the present . The word “old”is associated with “falling behind” and “uselessness”, while the word “new” is related to progress,change and challenge.future orientation prevails in the western culture. Western people tend to believe that future should be grander and nicer than the present.In the future-oriented cultural context, it is easy for new products or new services to trigger consumers desire to buy. That iswhy the English advertisements tend to stress repeatedly that the advertised products are new。
跨文化沟通期末考试题及答案
跨文化沟通期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 跨文化沟通中，以下哪项不是文化差异的表现？A. 语言差异B. 饮食习惯C. 宗教信仰D. 个人兴趣答案：D2. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个行为可能被视为不礼貌？A. 握手B. 鞠躬C. 直视对方D. 赠送礼物答案：C3. 跨文化沟通中，以下哪个概念强调了文化对个体行为的影响？A. 个人主义B. 集体主义C. 权力距离D. 所有以上选项答案：D4. 根据霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论，以下哪个维度不是其分类之一？A. 个人主义与集体主义B. 男性化与女性化C. 长幼有序D. 权力距离答案：C5. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个策略不是有效的沟通策略？A. 保持开放心态B. 避免使用肢体语言C. 尊重文化差异D. 积极倾听答案：B二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. 在跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于同一事件或行为的不同理解和解释。
答案：文化相对主义7. 跨文化沟通的障碍之一是_________，即对其他文化持有偏见或刻板印象。
答案：文化偏见8. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化间进行有效交流的能力。
答案：跨文化能力9. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于时间的理解和使用方式。
答案：时间观念10. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于空间的理解和使用方式。
答案：空间观念三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）11. 简述跨文化沟通中的语言障碍及其克服方法。
答案：语言障碍包括语言差异、非言语沟通差异等。
克服方法包括学习对方的语言、使用简单明了的表达、利用肢体语言辅助沟通、寻求翻译帮助等。
12. 描述跨文化沟通中的文化适应过程。
答案：文化适应过程通常包括四个阶段：蜜月期、文化休克期、调整期和融入期。
在蜜月期，人们对于新文化充满好奇和兴奋；文化休克期则可能感到困惑和挫败；调整期是逐渐适应新文化的过程；最后，在融入期，人们能够自如地在新文化中生活和工作。
《跨文化交际》期末复习题
《跨文化交际》复习题一、判断题1.思维方式是指人们的思维习惯或思维程序。
（）2.文化是人们先天就有的。
（）3.中国人思考问题的程序是从小到大，美国人思考问题的程序则是从大到小。
（）4.由于汉字象形的特点，这是造成中国人偏好形象思维的主要原因之一。
（）5.京剧讲究唱、念、作、打，这是中国人擅长分析思维的一个表现。
（）6.中国人偏好分析思维，英美人偏好综合思维。
（）7.中国人强调人与人的和谐、人与自然的和谐，而西方人则认为人与自然是对立的。
（）8.中国人习惯于形象思维，因此在文章中，特别喜欢用形象的词汇。
（）9.思维能力没有民族性，但思维方式有民族性。
（）10.价值观是跨文化交际的核心。
（）11.不同民族的价值观是有所不同的。
（）12.价值观很容易发生变化。
（）13.消极的价值观指的是一个人或一个文化群体必须坚持的价值观。
（）14.中国文化认为天人合一，西方认为认为天人相分。
（）15.在英语中，以self为前缀的单词有100多个，这说明英国人比较提倡个人主义。
（）16.在中国社会，异性之间的接触被认为是天经地义的。
（）17.中国人提倡个人利益服从群体利益，必要时可以牺牲个人利益。
（）18.中国人认为越是稳定，越是统一，越是进步，这说明中国文化求稳。
（）19.中国的主流文化主张性恶论。
（）20.西方文化认为一切行为必须在法律法规的范围内进行，否则就会被绳之以法。
这说明西方文化是性善论。
（）21.邻里、老乡属于业缘关系。
（）22.同事、同学、战友属于情缘关系。
（）23.朋友、恋人之间的关系属于血缘关系。
（）24.中国所处的自然地理位置决定了中国的农业文化特征，而西方的海洋环境决定了西方文化的商业性质。
（）25.西方崇尚民主政治，具有平等意识。
（）26.中国社会的人际关系以工具型为主要取向。
（）27.规则和规范是一回事。
（）28.在中国，给新婚夫妇送礼品忌讳送钟，因为送“钟”就是“送终”。
（）29.在日本，人们比较忌讳数字“13”。
跨文化交际期末考试题及答案
跨文化交际期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是有效的沟通技巧？A. 保持开放态度B. 避免使用肢体语言C. 尊重文化差异D. 积极倾听答案：B2. 在不同文化背景下，以下哪种行为可能被误解？A. 直视对方眼睛B. 点头表示同意C. 用食指指人D. 握手答案：C3. 在跨文化交流中，以下哪种方式可以增进相互理解？A. 坚持自己的文化观点B. 避免讨论敏感话题C. 主动分享自己的文化背景D. 只关注自己的文化答案：C4. 以下哪个概念与跨文化交际密切相关？A. 文化适应B. 个人主义C. 集体主义D. 所有选项答案：D5. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个因素可能导致误解？A. 语言障碍B. 非语言信号C. 文化价值观差异D. 所有选项答案：D...二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述跨文化交际中“文化休克”的现象及其应对策略。
答案：文化休克是指个体在进入一个与自己文化背景不同的新环境时，由于文化差异而产生的困惑、焦虑和不适应感。
应对策略包括：提前了解目标文化，保持开放和灵活的心态，寻找支持系统，以及采取积极的适应措施。
2. 描述跨文化交际中的“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的特点。
答案：高语境文化（High-context culture）指的是在交流中，信息的传递依赖于非语言因素，如肢体语言、面部表情和情境背景。
低语境文化（Low-context culture）则强调语言的直接性和明确性，信息主要通过语言来传递。
三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一名国际商务谈判代表，你被派往一个与你文化背景截然不同的国家进行商务谈判。
请描述你将如何准备这次谈判，并在谈判中如何运用跨文化交际技巧。
答案：在准备谈判时，我会首先研究目标国家的文化、商业习惯和谈判风格。
我会学习基本的语言词汇，了解当地的礼仪和非语言交流习惯。
在谈判中，我会保持尊重和耐心，避免使用可能引起误解的肢体语言，积极倾听对方的观点，并在适当的时候表达自己的立场。
跨文化能力测试题
跨文化能力测试题一、在跨文化交流中，遇到与自己观点截然不同的意见时，最恰当的反应是：A. 立即反驳，坚持己见B. 保持沉默，避免冲突C. 尝试理解对方观点，并寻求共同点D. 忽略差异，继续按自己的方式行事（答案）C二、当你身处一个文化习俗与你截然不同的国家时，以下哪种行为最能体现跨文化适应能力？A. 完全拒绝参与当地活动，保持自我B. 积极参与，但只选择与自己文化相似的活动C. 尊重并尝试体验当地文化习俗，同时保持开放心态D. 对所有新事物都持批判态度（答案）C三、在跨文化沟通中，非言语行为（如肢体语言、面部表情）的重要性如何？A. 不重要，言语交流才是关键B. 只在特定情境下重要C. 与言语交流同等重要，有时甚至更为重要D. 只在初次见面时重要（答案）C四、当你发现自己在跨文化环境中无意中冒犯了他人时，最合适的做法是：A. 假装不知，避免尴尬B. 立即道歉，并尝试了解对方的文化背景C. 辩解自己的行为是出于无心D. 避开话题，希望对方能自行忘记（答案）B五、在准备进行跨文化商务会议时，以下哪项准备工作最能促进有效沟通？A. 详细了解对方公司的财务状况B. 研究对方文化的商务礼仪和沟通习惯C. 准备一份详尽的产品介绍资料D. 提前安排好会议室的布局（答案）B六、跨文化团队合作中，遇到决策冲突时，有效的解决策略是：A. 由团队中文化占主导地位的成员决定B. 各自坚持己见，不进行协商C. 通过开放讨论，寻找双方都能接受的解决方案D. 回避冲突，希望问题自然消失（答案）C七、在跨文化交往中，对于不确定或不理解的文化习俗，最佳的处理方式是：A. 直接询问对方，表达好奇和尊重B. 私下猜测，避免直接提及C. 忽视差异，认为不重要D. 嘲笑或贬低对方的文化习俗（答案）A八、跨文化适应过程中，个人需要具备的关键能力是：A. 精通多国语言B. 快速学习新知识和技能C. 高度的文化敏感性和灵活性D. 强大的记忆力和逻辑分析能力（答案）C。
成人学生的跨文化交流能力考核试卷
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. C
14. B
15. A
16. B
17. C
18. A
19. D
20. B
二、多选题
1. ABC
2. ABC
3. ABCD
4. BC
5. ABC
6. AC
7. ABCD
8. ABC
9. ABC
10. ABC
11. ABCD
D.沙特阿拉伯
20.以下哪个行为有助于提高跨文化交流能力？（）
A.闭关自守，不与外界交流
B.积极参加跨文化交流活动
C.只关注自己的专业领域
D.拒绝学习外语
二、多选题（本题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，至少有一项是符合题目要求的）
1.以下哪些方式可以帮助成人学生提高跨文化交流能力？（）
C.圣诞节
D.伊斯兰教的斋月
7.以下哪些非言语交流方式在不同文化中可能具有不同含义？（）
A.眼神交流
B.手势
C.身体距离
D.表情
8.以下哪些策略可以帮助成人学生应对文化休克？（）
A.学习当地语言
B.了解当地文化
C.保持开放心态
D.避免与当地居民互动
9.以下哪些国家的官方语言为英语？（）
A.美国
B.英国
A.价值观的差异
B.信仰体系的差异
C.沟通风格的差异
D.目标利益的差异
18.以下哪些措施可以帮助成人学生适应国际课堂环境？（）
A.了解不同教育体系
B.主动参与课堂讨论
跨文化交流与外语学习考核试卷
高中地理教材编写特点及应用浅析高中地理教材编写的特点是相对于初中地理教材更加深入和专业化。
高中生已经具备较为全面的大地理视野和基础知识，需要更高层次、更丰富、更系统化的知识。
因此，高中地理教材编写特别注重以下几个方面的应用。
一、注重框架梳理与重点突出高中地理教材要对地理学科基本理论给予透彻、深入的探究，注重地理概念的梳理与精炼，重点突出各个地理领域的前沿和热点问题的探究。
依照国家课程标准的要求，将地理知识框架进行科学、系统的建构和重建，体现主题和重心。
在教材编写过程中，要特别关注学生的实际需求和未来志向，使之符合信息时代的发展和用人需求。
二、加强实践运用与实证研究高中地理教材编写应该充分考虑学生的应用能力，使之学会在实践中认识和理解地理，融入实证研究的精神和方法，提高学生的创新思维和实践能力。
在注重学生基础知识和思维能力的同时，应该注重将理论知识与实际应用相结合，引导学生走进实验室和野外，亲身感受地理科学与技术在社会发展中的实际互动作用，并积极促进学生对地理问题的创新思考和研究。
三、注重跨学科融合现代地理学已逐步从独立的自然科学向普适的综合性学科转变，需要加强与其他学科的交叉与整合。
因此，高中地理教材编写要注重跨学科的融合，使之与社会科学、自然科学、工程技术学、地球科学等其他学科相关联，实现横向扩展和纵向深入。
四、加强案例教学与实际应用高中地理教材编写应该充分发挥案例教学的作用，重点突出国内外的案例，积极引导学生研究各地的地理数据与实际情况，并根据案例进行实际应用和解决问题，注重考查和评估学生的综合能力和实践操作能力。
五、人本关怀理念在高中地理教材编写中，应该贯彻人本关怀理念，从学生的兴趣、需求、优势、特长等方面入手，以学生为中心，注重培养学生学习主体能力和实践运用能力。
并且，要将地理知识的实用性与人文关怀做平衡，注重地理知识的人文内涵和价值观念的培养，丰富学生的思想和情感。
综上所述，高中地理教材编写应该发挥地理学科的学术优势和应用实践特点，尊重学生的发展规律和需求，使之符合现代科技和信息时代的发展要求，为培养具有国际竞争力和社会责任感的高素质人才提供坚实的理论和实践基础。
期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案
期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案一、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下面短文，并根据文章内容选择正确答案。
Passage 1Communication styles and norms differ significantly between cultures, and understanding these differences is essential for successful cross-cultural communication.In some cultures, such as the United States and Canada, direct communication is highly valued. People tend to speak their mind openly and directly, even if it means disagreeing with others. They believe in being straightforward and assertive.On the other hand, in many Asian cultures, such as Japan and China, indirect communication is the norm. People are more likely to hint at what they mean rather than stating it outright. They often use nonverbal cues and context to convey their messages. This communication style values harmony and maintaining face.When engaging in cross-cultural communication, it is important to be aware of these differences and adjust your communication style accordingly. If you are from a direct communication culture, you may need to be more sensitive to nonverbal cues when interacting with individuals from an indirect communication culture.1. According to the passage, direct communication is highly valued in which cultures?A. Asian culturesB. United States and CanadaC. European culturesD. African cultures2. What is the communication style in Japan and China?A. Direct communicationB. Indirect communicationC. Nonverbal communicationD. Contextual communication参考答案：1. B2. B二、交际用语（共10分）根据对话情境和所给选项，选择恰当的答案完成对话。
大学本科跨文化交际期末试题
考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。
考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。
待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。
可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。
Test Paper 1Ⅰ. Filling the blanks:1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, thecommunication in the West is low-contextual while thatin the East is high-contextual2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the Westadopts Dualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, theWest follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while theEast follows synthetic and concrete thinking4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, theWest uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductivepattern5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in Indiais Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and ArchimedesⅡ. Choose the best answer:1.Non-verbal messages are classified into twocomprehensive categories: those that are primarilyproduced by the body, suchas_________,________,_______; and those that theindividual combines with the setting, such as _______,_______, _______.DA.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space,time, manB.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding,occasion, manD.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives,proverbs and allusions than in English writing. SomeWestern scholars name this style “flowery”, stating thatits aim is to give a more fanciful impression thaninformation, and the information is usually of beauty,fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspectsso as to attract people. We may term this styleas_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct withobjective information. To them, much-repeated wordsmay mean less after a while. We may term the Westernwriting as ________-oriented.CA. adjective, objectiveB. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditionalWestern belief holds that _______, while the Asianpeople believe that_______.BA. basically good; basically badB. evil but perfectible, basically goodC. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;D. unknown4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditionalWestern belief holds that _______, while the Asianpeople believe that_______.DA. subjugation to nature; harmony with natureB. harmony with nature; mastery over natureC. harmony with nature; subjugation to natureD. mastery over nature; harmony with nature5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USAis______, the Philippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are ______.CA. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time orientedB. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-orientedC. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-orientedD. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, thePhilippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia is ______.DA. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-orientedB. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-orientedC. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becomingorientedD. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becomingoriented7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanisticview. It goes by the following different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus art; objectivityversus imaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology;imagination versus subjectivityC. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion;subjugation versus subjectivityD. reason versus intuition; science versus religion;objectivity versus subjectivity8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation.The Hindu thinks in order to _______. It is meditation.The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. CA. do; die; liveB. spectacle; meddle; contemptC. understand; think; self-cultivateD. think; self-cultivate; understand9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____BA. something is wrong with your body and you can onlystand.B. body language is important.C. body contact is dangerous.D. we can’t separate mind from body.10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends bysharing ______, while in China, people make friends by sharing _______.BA. personal relationship; activitiesB. activities; personal relationshipC. love; bloodD. blood; love11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countriesare __________________________________, while the low contact countries are ________________________________.CA. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries;Arab world, Mediterranean countries, IndonesiaB. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries,Russia, Middle EastC. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; theUS, Britain, most Northern European countriesD. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US,Britain, most Northern European countries12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality ofcommunication, the high-contextual people are__________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are ________________________________AA. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans,German, SwissB. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans,Chinese, JapaneseC. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans,Japanese, BritishD. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans,Chinese, Koreans13. Each person has a “bubble” of space (territory). Studiesshow that people from ________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, _________.AA. South America, Arab countries, and many Asiancountries; North America, Britain, GermanyB. North America, Britain, Germany; South America,Arab countries, and many Asian countriesC. South America, Britain, Germany; North America,Arab countries, and many Asian countries.D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asiancountries; South America, Britain, Germany14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is muchmore important to the individual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. CA. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, AfricanB. Arabian; American, Asian, African, HispanicC. American; Asian, African, Arabian, HispanicD. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______,______, ________for help, while in extended-family culture, people rely mainly on ________for help. CA. families, friends, professionals; familiesB. families, friends, professionals; institutionsC. friends, professionals, institutions; familiesD. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first,while in extended-family culture, _______ usually comes first. BA. family; individualB. individual; familyC. husband; wifeD. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend wouldfeel that they had _______ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assume burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostlya matter of providing ______ support and ______. BA. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”;dependent; receiving; material; get separateB. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”;independent; giving; emotional; spend time together.C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”;free; earning; financial; get involvedD. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”;independent; giving; spiritual; get together.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seemvirtually ________ for all practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _________.CA. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short;when being askedB. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long;unwillinglyC. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long;without waiting to be askedD. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; ifrequired19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese friendsgive each other emotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinese friend is more likely to be________ to give _______ advice to a friend, while an American friend will be ________ to give ________ advice, instead she may raise questions to encourage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another. CA. cautious; detailed; ready; specificB. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guidelineC. ready; specific; cautious; directD. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship between parents andmarried sons, in China, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother, a man should ____________. At most he might hope to __________, and this was regarded as ________. In America, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. He would be expected to ______________. He might even be counseled to _______________ the vicinity of his parents’home to ease the conflict. DA. more important; side with his mother; side with hisfather; honorable; more important; side with no one;move intoB. less important; side with no one; say something;honorable; less important; side with his father; get awayfromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent;dishonorable; more important; side with his wife; moveintoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral;dishonorable; less important; side with his wife; moveawayⅢ. True or false:1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, Americais a hierarchy society. ( F )2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the powerdistance is small, while in America, the power distanceis large. ( F )3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the conceptof “face”, and “face” has the same social significance forthese countries in that one’s face is also the face of one’sgroup.( F )4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts”asopposed to “opinions”. ( T )5.A very rough generalization is that thinking for theGreek is to look upward, for the Hindu is to look inward,for the Confucians is to look outward. (F )6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are alwaysaware of them, and we make judgments according tothem. (F )7.Values are separate from each other. Each one workalone. ( F )8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than oneof only two possible choices. People everywhere possessthe same values to different degrees, and the importanceof that common value, how it gets acted out, is a matterof degree. ( T)9.“Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )10.In both China and Western countries, it is verycommon and usual for adults to fondle other people’sbabies and very small children to show their affectionand friendliness. ( F )Ⅳ.Translation:1.Translate the following English into Chinese:1)Nature and Man are blended into one harmonious identity.天人合一2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior findsresponse in Nature. 天人感应3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are inthe company of “redness”, but “black”(bad) if you are in close contact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑5)God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者6)Look before you leap. 三思而后行7)A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch. 轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)2.Translate the following Chinese into English:1)容忍tolerance of others2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3)修养self-cultivation4)不重竞争non-competitiveness5)信用trust-worthiness6)贞节chastity in women7)寡欲having few desires服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety8)Ⅴ. Tell the meaning of the following gestures in different countries:Gesture 1 Gesture 2 Gesture 31.In the US, England, Sweden it is used together with the verbalmessage “Let’s keep our fingers crossed”to mean that _ theperson is hoping for good luck______________. In Greece andTurkey it means the breaking of a friendship ________________.In parts of Italy it means _ OK _____.2.In the US it means Great, perfect, acceptable,OK_______________. In Belgium and France, it means _zero_____. In Brazil, Turkey, Greece and Malta it has _ anobscene _____ meaning. In Japan it means ___ money _______.In Tunisia, it is used ___ as threat _______.3.It means ____ Slow down”, “relax”or “wait a second________________.Test Paper 2下列各题请参阅了所指定的课本内容后，用中文回答，可翻译课本的内容作为答案。
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跨文化交际期末考试题Ⅰ. Define the following items.1.c ontext ：P492.n oise: P543.i ntercultural communication ：communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.4.i ndividualism: P995.c ollectivism: P996.h igh-context culture ：P110 a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence.7.l ow-context culture ：P110 a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.8.v erbal communication ：communication done both orally and in written language 9.n onverbal communication ：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communicationsetting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver.II. Answer the following questions(简答题)1. What is the culture, and what are the characteristics of the culture? P45what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them.2. What’s the relationship between culture and language?Culture influences language by way of symbols and rules for using those symbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe (the meaning associated with the symbols).Language, on the other hand, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.3. How do Japanese people refuse? P1354. How do Chinese and western people respond to others’ compliment? P1625. What kinds of nonverbal communication are often used in our daily communication? P1916. What are the functions of the nonverbal communication? P2187.What are the differences on receiving gift s between Chinese and westerner?In the West, it is regarded as polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express appreciation. In China, the situation is quite the reverse. Norma lly we Chinese feel that if you open the gift as soon as it is given, you might embarrass the person wh o gives the gift and you might be thought greedy. Therefore, Chinese people tend to open the gifts af ter the visitors have left.In China, many people send gifts without wrappi ng them, and if they wrap them, they usually tell t he receiver what is inside, and the receiver will tha nk the sender and put the gift aside without unwra pping them since they already know what is insid e. English receivers open the gifts in front of the se nders of the gifts.8.Describe the different ways in showing hospitality between Chinese culture and west ern culture.Chinese guests always refuse offer of drinks or food to demonstrate politeness in seeming not to wish to put their host to any trouble.Sometimes an offer is not a real offer but a polite remark. After we say 'no', we usually wait for the second and thir d offer. If the host just brings the food or drink an d ignores 'no', we ill accept it. Chinese like to press their guests to drink or eat to show their hospitality. While westerners always accept or refuse offer o f drinks or food very genuinely.Their refusal is acce pted as genuine.Westerners don’t to press. To pres s people to have food or drink after they have refu sed is frowned upon and can cause embarrassment s.III. Case Analysis (You are required t o state cultural phenomenon in each cas e)Case 1Li Lan had an American friend Susan. They usually had lunch together and Li Lan often asked Susan for advice on problems she face d adjusting to American society. Susan gave Li Lan a lot of advice and helped her to impro ve her English. Once Li Lan needed urgently a big sum of money to pay her tuition fee. Si nce she has no other friends in the States, she turned to Susan for help and promised that she would return the money soon.To Li Lan’s great disappointment, this time Susan didn’t seem happy to lend the money to her. Though Li Lan returned the money as she promised, they didn’t get along well from then on.Question: Why did Li Lan feel unpleasant?Li Lan asked to borrow money from her A merican friend Susan, which is rarely part of Western friendship. Li Lan and Susan have di fferent expectations of friendship.In the West, people prefer to be independe nt and equal rather than dependent, so they don't feel comfortable in a relationship in whi ch one person gives more and the other pers on is dependent on what is given. Among frie nds they mostly provide emotional support to each other and spend time together, so they rarely borrow or lend money to each other. They would ask for a loan from the bank rath er than from their friends.While in China, people expect their friends to be loyal to each other, and they even take risks for their friends. So they would give no t only emotional support to each other but al so concrete help to each other, such as helpi ng to find a job, solving a problem, or even g iving money to help one out over a long peri od of time. So when a friend is in need, the fi rst person he or she wants to ask for help is naturally his/her friend.。