英语六级考试历年阅读试题译文(2002年1月)
英语六级考试历年阅读试题译文(2000年1月)
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌2000年1月六级试题译文Passage one译文在娱乐界，电视访谈节目无疑充斥了白天所有的电视时间。
经常看这些节目的人都知道，每个访谈节目在风格和形式上各不相同。
但与斯波瑞格和欧波拉·温弗瑞主持的节目相比，没有哪两个节目能在内容上如此截然相反，而同时又都出类拔萃。
杰瑞·斯波瑞格可能很容易被认为是“废话”大王。
他主持的节目中话题非常令人震惊。
例如，节目在不同层面上谈论了访谈节目最普通的主题——爱、性、欺骗、罪行、仇恨、冲突和道德。
很清楚，杰瑞·斯波瑞格的节目是展示和挖掘社会的道德灾难，但人们对他人生活中令人好奇的困境兴趣盎然。
像杰瑞·斯波瑞格一样，欧波拉·温弗瑞把电视访谈节目发挥得淋漓尽致，但却反其道而行之。
他的节目致力于改进社会和提高个人生活质量。
话题从教育孩子有责任感、安排一周的工作到逐渐了解邻居。
与欧波拉相比，杰瑞·斯波瑞格的节目看来像是倾倒在社会上的有毒垃圾。
杰瑞结束节目时都用一个“最后的词”。
他用一段小演说总结节目的全部寓意。
但愿这是大多数人能学到的很有价值的东西的部分。
尽管欧波拉的节目很纯净，但并非适合每个人。
该节目主要面向美国的中产阶级观众。
这些人大部分都有时间、金钱，生活稳定，对生活中的难题能应付裕如。
而杰瑞·斯波瑞格的更多节目与青年人有关。
他们是18到21岁的青年人。
生活中的主要问题是爱情、人际关系、性、金钱和同伴。
在节目宣传下他们明白了某些价值和教训。
尽管这两个节目像昼夜一样迥然不同，但多年来在访谈节目中一直占主导地位。
每一个访谈节目都迎合不同观众的胃口，而二者在大批节目迷中又都有坚定的追随者。
有讽刺意义的是，二者均可视为访谈节目界的先锋。
Passage Two译文为理解市场营销的概念，有必要理解市场营销与销售之间的区别。
不久前，大多数行业主要致力于高效生产商品，而后依靠“劝销法”尽可能多地出售商品。
2002年1月12日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
2002年1月12日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷试卷一Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) All the passengers were killed.B) The plane crashed in the night.C) No more survivors have been found.D) It’s too late to search for survivors.2. A) Its results were just as expected.B) It wasn’t very well designed.C) It fully reflected the students’ ability.D) Its results fell short of her expectations.3. A) He believes dancing is enjoyable.B) He definitely does not like dancing.C) He admires those who dance.D) He won’t dance until he has done his work.4. A) His computer doesn’t work well.B) He isn’t getting along with his staff.C) He didn’t register for a proper course.D) He can’t apply the theory to his program.5. A) Reading on the campus lawn.B) Depositing money in the bank.C) Applying for financial aid.D) Reviewing a student’s application.6. A) A new shuttle bus.B) A scheduled space flight.C) An airplane flight.D) The first space flight.7. A) The deadline is drawing near.B) She can’t meet the deadline.C) She turned in the proposals today.D) They are two days ahead of time.8. A) By going on a diet.B) By having fewer meals.C) By doing physical exercise.D) By eating fruit and vegetables.9. A) He enjoyed it as a whole.B) He didn’t think much of it.C) He didn’t like it at all.D) He liked some parts of it.10. A) It looks quite new.B) It needs to be repaired.C) It looks old, but it runs well.D) Its engine needs to be painted.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Experience in negotiating.B) A high level of intelligence.C) The time they spend on preparation.D) The amount of pay they receive.12. A) Study the case carefully beforehand.B) Stick to a set target.C) Appear friendly to the other party.D) Try to be flexible about their terms.13. A) Make sure there is no misunderstanding.B) Try to persuade by giving various reasons.C) Repeat the same reasons.D) Listen carefully and patiently to the other party.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) They eat huge amounts of food.B) They usually eat twice a day.C) They usually eat to their hearts’ content.D) They eat much less than people assume.15. A) When it is breeding.B) When it feels threatened by humans in its territory.C) When its offspring is threatened.D) When it is suffering from illness.16. A) They are not as dangerous as people think.B) They can be as friendly to humans as dogs.C) They attack human beings by nature.D) They are really tame sea animals.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Because people might have to migrate there someday.B) Because it is very much like the earth.C) Because it is easier to explore than other planets.D) Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.18. A) Its chemical elements must be studied.B) Its temperature must be lowered.C) Big spaceships must be built.D) Its atmosphere must be changed.19. A) It influences the surface temperature of Mars.B) It protects living beings from harmful rays.C) It keeps a planet from overheating.D) It is the main component of the air people breathe.20. A) Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.B) Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.C) Man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years’ time.D) Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi.But it is a developing technology—meaning prices should eventually drop—and the market does seem to be growing.Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions—spoken by a clear human-sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.The computer works with an antenna (天线) that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car’s location can be pinned down within 100 meters.The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the car’s position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware—the way the computer accepts the driver’s request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.BMW’s system offers a set of cross hairs (瞄准器上的十字纹) that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you’d like to get to. Audi’s screen can be switched to TV reception.Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW’s and Lexus’s having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways (高速公路), for example.21. We learn from the passage that navigation computers ________.A) will greatly promote sales of automobilesB) may help solve potential traffic problemsC) are likely to be accepted by more driversD) will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury22. With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination________.A) by inputting the exact addressB) by indicating the location of his carC) by checking his computer databaseD) by giving vocal orders to the computer23. Despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in cars ________.A) are more or less the same priceB) provide directions in much the same wayC) work on more or less the same principlesD) receive instructions from the same satellites24. The navigation computer functions ________.A) by means of a direction finder and a speed detectorB) basically on satellite signals and a map databaseC) mainly through the reception of turn-by-turn directionsD) by using a screen to display satellite signals25. The navigation systems in cars like Lexus, BMW and Audi are mentioned to show________.A) the immaturity of the new technologyB) the superiority of the global positioning systemC) the cause of price fluctuations in car equipmentD) the different ways of providing guidance to the driverPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.“The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.”If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous.But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t, and why the environment has not been mined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why, today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true forfood. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long term trend has been downwards.It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.26. According to the author, most students ________.A) believe the world’s environment is in an undesirable conditionB) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to beC) get high marks for their good knowledge of the world’s environmentD) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world’s environment27. The huge increase in world production and population ________.A) has made the world a worse place to live inB) has had a positive influence on the environmentC) has not significantly affected the environmentD) has made the world a dangerous place to live in28. One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that________.A) technological innovation can promote social stabilityB) political instability will cause consumption to dropC) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproductionD) new sources are always becoming available29. Fish resources are diminishing because ________.A) no new substitutes can be found in large quantitiesB) they are not owned by any particular entityC) improper methods of fishing have mined the fishing groundsD) water pollution is extremely serious30. The primary solution to environmental problems is ________.A) to allow market forces to operate properlyB) to curb consumption of natural resourcesC) to limit the growth of the world populationD) to avoid fluctuations in pricesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit (诉讼) in California claiming that the state’s ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (They believed, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.) The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially, his original decision.And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause.What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child’s physical condition or his intellectual level.Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child’s intellectual level, the better for the child in question.31. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?A) Its validity was challenged by many communities.B) It was considered discriminative against minority children.C) It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.D) It deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.32. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to________.A) draw public attention to IQ testingB) put an end to special educationC) remove the state’s ban on intelligence testsD) have their children enter white schools33. The author believes that intelligence testing ________.A) may ease racial confrontation in the United StatesB) can encourage black children to keep up with white childrenC) may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the United StatesD) can help black parents make decisions about their children’s education34. The author’s opinion of child adoption seems to be that ________.A) no rules whatsoever can be prescribedB) white families should adopt black childrenC) adoption should be based on IQ test resultsD) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated35. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that ________.A) good will may sometimes complicate racial problemsB) social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of childrenC) intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areasD) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issuesPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious”both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation,a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.36. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the firstparagraph?A) Two contrasting views are presented.B) An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order oftime.D) A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life isgiven.37. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents________.A) did not have the same interests as their neighborsB) could not develop long-standing relationshipsC) tended to be associated with bad behaviorD) usually had more friends38. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships amongneighbors ________.A) disrupt people’s natural relationsB) make them worry about crimeC) cause them not to show concern for one anotherD) cause them to be suspicious of each other39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, ________.A) the better its quality of lifeB) the more similar its interestsC) the more tolerant and open-minded it isD) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress40. What is the passage mainly about?A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-towndwellers.B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.D) The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness.Her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of ________.A) impulseB) insanityC) inspirationD) disposition42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six ________ when he got off theplane.A) laymenB) servantsC) directorsD) attendants43. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A) prestigeB) superiorityC) priorityD) publicity44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very goodtime.A) feastB) congratulationsC) festivalD) recreation45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and howexpensive the freight ________ are.A) paymentsB) chargesC) fundsD) prices46. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.A) assuranceB) assumptionC) sanctionD) insurance47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ________.A) temperamentB) contaminationC) scrutinyD) symmetry48. We are doing this work in the ________ of reforms in the economic, social andcultural spheres.A) contextB) contestC) pretextD) texture49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away,________ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.A) a distinctionB) a breakthroughC) an identificationD) an interpretation50. Doctors are often caught in a ________ because they have to decide whether theyshould tell their patients the truth or not.A) puzzleB) perplexityC) dilemmaD) bewilderment51. To ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.A) commendB) memorizeC) propagateD) commemorate52. His successful negotiations with the Americans helped him to ________ his positionin he government.A) contriveB) consolidateC) heaveD) intensify53. Please do not be ________ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying toattract attention.A) distractedB) disregardedC) irritatedD) intervened54. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should ________ them as soon aspossible.A) rectifyB) reclaimC) refrainD) reckon55. He wouldn’t answer the reporters’questions, nor would he ________ for aphotograph.A) summonB) highlightC) poseD) marshal56. The club will ________ new members the first week in September.A) enrollB) subscribeC) absorbD) register57. If you don’t ________ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they’ll just run riot.A) mobilizeB) warrantC) manipulateD) supervise58. Already the class is ________ about who our new teacher will be.A) foreseeingB) speculatingC) fabricatingD) contemplating59. We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.A) dedicateB) caterC) ascribeD) cling60. Just because I’m ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around withoutshowing me any respect.A) redundantB) trivialC) versatileD) subordinate61. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.A) skepticalB) stationaryC) spaciousD) specific62. Depression is often caused by the ________ effects of stress and overwork.A) totalB) increasedC) terrificD) cumulative63. A human’s eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle.A) eccentricB) acuteC) sensibleD) sensitive64. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind ofwork.A) abruptB) absurdC) adverseD) addictive65. Shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground.A) feasibleB) appropriateC) aptD) fitting66. We’ll be very careful and keep what you’ve told us strictly ________.A) rigorousB) confidentialC) privateD) mysterious67. The members of Parliament were ________ that the government had not consultedthem.A) impatientB) tolerantC) crudeD) indignant68. Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately ________, andstill others are supported by religious organizations.A) ensuredB) attributedC) authorizedD) endowed69. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ________ in any way.A) intervenedB) incurredC) provokedD) poked70. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or havesome other ________.A) drawbacksB) handicapsC) bruisesD) blunders试卷二Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the correctionsin the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write thecorrect word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in theblank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank. Example:╱. 1. time/times/period Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______ Many of the arguments havinga school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3. ______the______Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern (S1) footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he (S2) scores a goal, enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. (S3)To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a (S4) million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival (S5) depended on success in the hunting-field. Under thispressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically (S6) changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group (S7) attackers.Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely (S8) long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use-that of penning ( 把...... 关在圈中), (S9) controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. (S10)Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service onCampus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your compositionon the outline given in Chinese below:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
历年级阅读真题及翻译精修订
历年级阅读真题及翻译标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]历年英语六级阅读真题及翻译（2009.06-1999.01 ）2009 年 6 月英语六级阅读真题Passage One：For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened”to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anywayIt turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,”says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles. Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.在数亿年前的时间里，海龟一直在挣扎着离开大海道海滩上产卵，时间远远遭遇自然纪录片的赞扬，或全球定位通讯卫星和海洋生物学家的追踪，又或者志愿者们用手把幼龟放在海边以避免它们受到光线的影响迷失方向，爬向汽车旅馆的停车场。
大学英语六级考试九-历年六级写作真题
历年六级写作真题（1990.1-2004.6）2004年6月Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor service of a bookstore. You should write atleast 150 words following the outline given below:设想你买了一本英文字典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。
信中必须包含以下内容：1．事情的起因2．与书店交涉的经过3．呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量2003年12月Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Reduce Waste on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline givenbelow:1．有些大学校园浪费的现象日益严重2．浪费的危害3．杜绝浪费，从我做起2003年9月Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Reading Preferences. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:Reading preferences of students in an American university in 20021．根据上表，简要叙述美国某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况；2．你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论3．你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍？说明理由。
历年英语六级阅读理解逐句翻译（最新编写修订）
历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译一、There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a parent, especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type.没有什么事情比有得癌症的迹象更让父母感到害怕的了，尤其对于受到过度教育、对生态环境敏感的那种人来说。
So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out those in the smugly（自鸣得意的）green village of Berkeley, Calif., as being among the worst in the country.所以当《今日美国》在近期公布的一份全国范围内的学校周边空气质量调查中，把加州伯克利的绿色环保小镇列为全国最差时，你可以想象到那些自鸣得意的人的反应。
The city’s public high school, as well as a number of daycare centers, preschools, elementary and middle schools, fell in the lowest 10%. Industrial pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living science experiments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy metals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day.该市的公立高中以及为数众多的日间看护中心、学前教育机构、小学和中学都在最差的10%之列。
大学英语六级考试(CET6)历年阅读试题译文
大学英语六级考试(CET6)历年阅读试题译文历年六级试题阅读译文1999年1月六级试题译文Passage one译文很多美国人对有关食物的多数危险持极度歪曲、夸张的观点。
马萨诸塞—阿姆赫特大学食品科学及营养系主任佛卡斯·克拉斯代尔直率地说，如果被细菌污染的鸡肉的危险像一些人认为的那样大，“大街上就会到处躺满中毒的人。
”虽然公众越来越要求安全食品，但世界上没有这样的东西。
伯克利的加里福尼亚大学生物化学系主任布鲁斯·阿密兹指出，一棵植物中多达10%的重量是天然杀虫剂。
他说：“植物没有嘴和牙齿来保护自己，它们就使用化学战。
”许多自然生成的化学物质虽然量很小，但实验室化验却证明是强致癌物——可引起癌症的物质。
如果用食品添加剂的标准来衡量，蘑菇就会被禁止食用。
康乃尔大学的营养学家克利斯蒂娜·斯达克断言：“我们从食物中获得的天然化学物质比任何人造的东西都糟糕得多。
”然而问题并不那么简单。
尽管美国人没理由害怕坐在餐桌旁，但他们完全有理由要求食物和饮水安全有明显改进。
他们不知不觉地、不情愿地吸收了大量各种各样的危险化学物。
要是食物中已经含有天然致癌物，再加上几十种新的人造致癌物就不大明智了。
虽然大多数人能抵抗食物和水里的少量污染物，但至少一天少数人会因吃喝的东西而患癌症。
为使食物和供水质量更高，政府需提高管理标准，严格检查计划并强化执行政策。
食品工业应该修改某些人们长期接受的做法，或采用危险较小的做法。
最重要的也许是消费者将不得不学习如何正确处理和烹制食物。
需要解决从田间到加工场、再到厨房的整个食品供应过程中的全部问题。
Passage two译文有些地球现象可以预计，但有的人说磁场是个例外。
磁场的强度波动，并从轴开始移动，每隔几十万年经历一次奇异的两极转换——这期间北极变成南极，南极变成北极。
但磁场是怎么产生的?为什么如此不稳定?两位法国地球物理学家的开创性研究为揭示这一奥秘提供了一些线索。
历年6级真题阅读翻译
历年阅读真题翻译1999年6月六级阅读译文Passage One我们有时认为惟有人类易受忧虑伤害，但紧张情绪似乎也影响了低级动物的免疫系统。
例如，在一次实验中，丹佛大学的行为免疫学家马克•朗顿斯拉格对24只老鼠进行了轻微的电击。
一半老鼠能通过转动笼子里的一个轮子切断电源，而另一半却不能。
朗顿斯拉格将两组老鼠配成对，每次一只老鼠转动轮子，它就能保护自己和无能为力的伙伴免遭电击。
朗顿斯拉发现，无能为力的老鼠免疫反应降至正常以下，但那些能够切断电流的老鼠却没有。
他认为，他所证明的是缺乏控制事件的能力会削弱免疫系统，而非经历本身。
其他研究者也同意他的看法。
杜克大学医学院的心理学家琼•伟斯已经证明：被允许控制不快刺激的动物不出现睡眠障碍，大脑化学成分也不发生变化，这些正是老鼠紧张的典型表现。
但是，如果动物遭遇过不能控制的情况，以后它们面对能控制的事件时行为就会被动。
这些发现加强了心理学家的猜疑，无助的经验或感知是压抑情绪中最有害的因素之一。
心情改变免疫反应最令人惊讶的例子之一是偶尔发现的。
1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家罗伯特•阿德通过同时给老鼠喂糖精和注射抑制免疫系统的药使其胃部不适，使老鼠形成条件反射避开糖精。
因为把糖精和胃痛联系起来，老鼠很快就学会避开糖精。
为消除对糖精的厌恶，阿德再次给这些老鼠喂糖精，但这次没给药；他惊讶地发现一些老鼠死了，这些老鼠在以前形成条件反射期间吃的糖精最多。
他只能这样推测：他成功地使老鼠形成条件反射，现在仅用削弱其免疫系统的糖精就足以使其致死。
Passage T wo破坏自然资源和污染食物的事不断发生，这主要是因为对那些不顾后果肆意破坏环境的人难以追究法律责任。
通过立法、经济刺激和善意劝说等防止污染的努力遇到诉讼、个人和企业的否认及旷日持久的拖延——不仅在接受责任方面，更重要的是在有关其处理方面。
看来只有当政府决定采取税收优惠或牺牲生产时，才会主动改变。
保护人类的伟大宝库是一项最重要的责任，企业和我们对此的共识何在？如果有环境卫生专业人员到第一线来领导解决环境问题的时刻，这时刻便是现在。
历年英语六级真题阅读译文汇总
历年英语六级真题阅读译文汇总1999年1月六级试题译文Passage one译文很多美国人对有关食物的多数危险持极度歪曲、夸张的观点。
马萨诸塞—阿姆赫特大学食品科学及营养系主任佛卡斯·克拉斯代尔直率地说，如果被细菌污染的鸡肉的危险像一些人认为的那样大，“大街上就会到处躺满中毒的人。
”虽然公众越来越要求安全食品，但世界上没有这样的东西。
伯克利的加里福尼亚大学生物化学系主任布鲁斯·阿密兹指出，一棵植物中多达10%的重量是天然杀虫剂。
他说：“植物没有嘴和牙齿来保护自己，它们就使用化学战。
”许多自然生成的化学物质虽然量很小，但实验室化验却证明是强致癌物——可引起癌症的物质。
如果用食品添加剂的标准来衡量，蘑菇就会被禁止食用。
康乃尔大学的营养学家克利斯蒂娜·斯达克断言：“我们从食物中获得的天然化学物质比任何人造的东西都糟糕得多。
”然而问题并不那么简单。
尽管美国人没理由害怕坐在餐桌旁，但他们完全有理由要求食物和饮水安全有明显改进。
他们不知不觉地、不情愿地吸收了大量各种各样的危险化学物。
要是食物中已经含有天然致癌物，再加上几十种新的人造致癌物就不大明智了。
虽然大多数人能抵抗食物和水里的少量污染物，但至少一天少数人会因吃喝的东西而患癌症。
为使食物和供水质量更高，政府需提高管理标准，严格检查计划并强化执行政策。
食品工业应该修改某些人们长期接受的做法，或采用危险较小的做法。
最重要的也许是消费者将不得不学习如何正确处理和烹制食物。
需要解决从田间到加工场、再到厨房的整个食品供应过程中的全部问题。
O(∩_∩)O谢谢Passage two译文有些地球现象可以预计，但有的人说磁场是个例外。
磁场的强度波动，并从轴开始移动，每隔几十万年经历一次奇异的两极转换——这期间北极变成南极，南极变成北极。
但磁场是怎么产生的？为什么如此不稳定？两位法国地球物理学家的开创性研究为揭示这一奥秘提供了一些线索。
利用80米深海沉淀物的核心，他们测出了历时400万年，11次两极转换期间的磁场强度。
2002年1月英语六级真题及答案
2002年1月英语六级真题及答案试卷一Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices markedA), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) All the passengers were killed.B) The plane crashed in the night.C) No more survivors have been found.D) It’s too late to search for survivors.2. A) Its results were just as expected.B) It wasn’t very well designed.C) It fully reflected the students’ ability.D) Its results fell short of her expectations.3. A) He believes dancing is enjoyable.B) He definitely does not like dancing.C) He admires those who dance.D) He won’t dance until he has done his work.4. A) His computer doesn’t work well.B) He isn’t getting along with his staff.C) He didn’t register for a proper course.D) He can’t apply the theory to his program.5. A) Reading on the campus lawn.B) Depositing money in the bank.C) Applying for financial aid.D) Reviewing a student’s application.6. A) A new shuttle bus.B) A scheduled space flight.C) An airplane flight.D) The first space flight.7. A) The deadline is drawing near.B) She can’t meet the deadline.C) She turned in the proposals today.D) They are two days ahead of time.8. A) By going on a diet.B) By having fewer meals.C) By doing physical exercise.D) By eating fruit and vegetables.9. A) He enjoyed it as a whole.B) He didn’t think much of it.C) He didn’t like it at all.D) He liked some parts of it.10. A) It looks quite new.B) It needs to be repaired.C) It looks old, but it runs well.D) Its engine needs to be painted.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Experience in negotiating.B) A high level of intelligence.C) The time they spend on preparation.D) The amount of pay they receive.12. A) Study the case carefully beforehand.B) Stick to a set target.C) Appear friendly to the other party.D) Try to be flexible about their terms.13. A) Make sure there is no misunderstanding.B) Try to persuade by giving various reasons.C) Repeat the same reasons.D) Listen carefully and patiently to the other party.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) They eat huge amounts of food.B) They usually eat twice a day.C) They usually eat to their hearts’ content.D) They eat much less than people assume.15. A) When it is breeding.B) When it feels threatened by humans in its territory.C) When its offspring is threatened.D) When it is suffering from illness.16. A) They are not as dangerous as people think.B) They can be as friendly to humans as dogs.C) They attack human beings by nature.D) They are really tame sea animals.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Because people might have to migrate there someday.B) Because it is very much like the earth.C) Because it is easier to explore than other planets.D) Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.18. A) Its chemical elements must be studied.B) Its temperature must be lowered.C) Big spaceships must be built.D) Its atmosphere must be changed.19. A) It influences the surface temperature of Mars.B) It protects living beings from harmful rays.C) It keeps a planet from overheating.D) It is the main component of the air people breathe.20. A) Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.B) Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.C) Man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years’ time.D) Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology—meaning prices should eventually drop—and the market does seem to be growing.Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions—spoken by a clear human-sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.The computer works with an antenna (天线) that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car’s location can be pinned down within 100 meters.The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the car’s position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware—the way the computer accepts the driver’s request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.BMW’s system offers a set of cross hairs (瞄准器上的十字纹) that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you’d like to get to. Audi’s screen can be switched to TV reception.Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW’s and Lexus’s having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways (高速公路), for example.21. We learn from the passage that navigation computers ________.A) will greatly promote sales of automobilesB) may help solve potential traffic problemsC) are likely to be accepted by more driversD) will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury22. With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to hisdestination ________.A) by inputting the exact addressB) by indicating the location of his carC) by checking his computer databaseD) by giving vocal orders to the computer23. Despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in cars ________.A) are more or less the same priceB) provide directions in much the same wayC) work on more or less the same principlesD) receive instructions from the same satellites24. The navigation computer functions ________.A) by means of a direction finder and a speed detectorB) basically on satellite signals and a map databaseC) mainly through the reception of turn-by-turn directionsD) by using a screen to display satellite signals25. The navigation systems in cars like Lexus, BMW and Audi are mentioned to show________.A) the immaturity of the new technologyB) the superiority of the global positioning systemC) the cause of price fluctuations in car equipmentD) the different ways of providing guidance to the driverPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.“The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous.But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t, and why the environment has not been mined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why, today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters andpolitical instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long term trend has been downwards.It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.26. According to the author, most students ________.A) believe the world’s environment is in an undesirable conditionB) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to beC) get high marks for their good knowledge of the world’s environmentD) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world’s environment27. The huge increase in world production and population ________.A) has made the world a worse place to live inB) has had a positive influence on the environmentC) has not significantly affected the environmentD) has made the world a dangerous place to live in28. One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that________.A) technological innovation can promote social stabilityB) political instability will cause consumption to dropC) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproductionD) new sources are always becoming available29. Fish resources are diminishing because ________.A) no new substitutes can be found in large quantitiesB) they are not owned by any particular entityC) improper methods of fishing have mined the fishing groundsD) water pollution is extremely serious30. The primary solution to environmental problems is ________.A) to allow market forces to operate properlyB) to curb consumption of natural resourcesC) to limit the growth of the world populationD) to avoid fluctuations in pricesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit (诉讼) in California claiming that the state’s ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (They believed, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.) The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially, his original decision.And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause.What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child’s physical condition or his intellectual level.Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child’s intellectual level, the better for the child in question.31. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?A) Its validity was challenged by many communities.B) It was considered discriminative against minority children.C) It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.D) It deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.32. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to ________.A) draw public attention to IQ testingB) put an end to special educationC) remove the state’s ban on intelligence testsD) have their children enter white schools33. The author believes that intelligence testing ________.A) may ease racial confrontation in the United StatesB) can encourage black children to keep up with white childrenC) may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the United StatesD) can help black parents make decisions about their children’s education34. The author’s opinion of child adoption seems to be that ________.A) no rules whatsoever can be prescribedB) white families should adopt black childrenC) adoption should be based on IQ test resultsD) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated35. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that ________.A) good will may sometimes complicate racial problemsB) social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of childrenC) intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areasD) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issuesPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stressor alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.36. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the firstparagraph?A) Two contrasting views are presented.B) An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in orderof time.D) A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life isgiven.37. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents ________.A) did not have the same interests as their neighborsB) could not develop long-standing relationshipsC) tended to be associated with bad behaviorD) usually had more friends38. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships amongneighbors ________.A) disrupt people’s natural relationsB) make them worry about crimeC) cause them not to show concern for one anotherD) cause them to be suspicious of each other39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, ________.A) the better its quality of lifeB) the more similar its interestsC) the more tolerant and open-minded it isD) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress40. What is the passage mainly about?A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites andsmall-town dwellers.B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.D) The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness.Her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of ________.A) impulseB) insanityC) inspirationD) disposition42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six ________ when he got off the plane.A) laymenB) servantsC) directorsD) attendants43. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A) prestigeB) superiorityC) priorityD) publicity44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.A) feastB) congratulationsC) festivalD) recreation45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported andhow expensive the freight ________ are.A) paymentsB) chargesC) fundsD) prices46. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.A) assuranceB) assumptionC) sanctionD) insurance47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ________.A) temperamentB) contaminationC) scrutinyD) symmetry48. We are doing this work in the ________ of reforms in the economic, social andcultural spheres.A) contextB) contestC) pretextD) texture49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away,________ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.A) a distinctionB) a breakthroughC) an identificationD) an interpretation50. Doctors are often caught in a ________ because they have to decide whether theyshould tell their patients the truth or not.A) puzzleB) perplexityD) bewilderment51. To ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.A) commendB) memorizeC) propagateD) commemorate52. His successful negotiations with the Americans helped him to ________ his positionin he government.A) contriveB) consolidateC) heaveD) intensify53. Please do not be ________ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying toattract attention.A) distractedB) disregardedC) irritatedD) intervened54. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should ________ them as soon as possible.A) rectifyB) reclaimC) refrainD) reckon55. He wouldn’t answer the reporters’ questions, nor would he ________ for aphotograph.A) summonB) highlightC) poseD) marshal56. The club will ________ new members the first week in September.A) enrollB) subscribeD) register57. If you don’t ________ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they’ll just run riot.A) mobilizeB) warrantC) manipulateD) supervise58. Already the class is ________ about who our new teacher will be.A) foreseeingB) speculatingC) fabricatingD) contemplating59. We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.A) dedicateB) caterC) ascribeD) cling60. Just because I’m ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around withoutshowing me any respect.A) redundantB) trivialC) versatileD) subordinate61. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.A) skepticalB) stationaryC) spaciousD) specific62. Depression is often caused by the ________ effects of stress and overwork.A) totalB) increasedC) terrificD) cumulative63. A human’s eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle.A) eccentricB) acuteC) sensibleD) sensitive64. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind ofwork.A) abruptB) absurdC) adverseD) addictive65. Shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground.A) feasibleB) appropriateC) aptD) fitting66. We’ll be very careful and keep what you’ve told us strictly ________.A) rigorousB) confidentialC) privateD) mysterious67. The members of Parliament were ________ that the government had not consulted them.A) impatientB) tolerantC) crudeD) indignant68. Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately ________, andstill others are supported by religious organizations.A) ensuredB) attributedC) authorizedD) endowed69. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ________ in any way.A) intervenedB) incurredC) provokedD) poked70. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, orhave some other ________.A) drawbacksB) handicapsC) bruisesD) blunders试卷二Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, adda word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections inthe blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correctword in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark(∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you deletea word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱. 1.time/times/periodMany of the arguments having╱ used for the study of literature as 2._______\_______a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern (S1) footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he (S2) scores a goal, enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. (S3)To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a (S4) million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival (S5) depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically (S6) changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. Theyco-operate as skillful male-group (S7) attackers.Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely (S8) long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use-that of penning ( 把 ...... 关在圈中), (S9) controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. (S10)Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Serviceon Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your compositionon the outline given in Chinese below:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
大学英语六级真题2002年01月
大学英语六级真题2002年01月(总分：95.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Section ASection A（分数：5.00）A.All the passengers were killed.B.The plane crashed in the night.C.No more survivors have been found. √D.It's too late to search for survivors.解析：[听力原文] W: Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane crash? M: Yes, they have been searching the area for hours, but they haven't found anybody else. They'll keep searching until night falls. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A.Its results were just as expected.B.It wasn't very well designed.C.It fully reflected the students' ability.D.Its results fell short of her expectations. √解析：[听力原文] M: How many students passed the final physics exam in your class? W: Forty. But still as many as 20 percent of the class failed. Quite disappointing, isn't it? Q: What does the woman think of the exam?A.He believes dancing is enjoyable.B.He definitely does not like dancing. √C.He admires those who dance.D.He won't dance until he has done his work.解析：[听力原文] W: Lots of people enjoy dancing, do you? M: Believe it or not, that's the last thing I'd ever want to do. Q: What does the man mean?A.His computer doesn't work well.B.He isn't getting along with his staff.C.He didn't register for a proper course.D.He can't apply the theory to his program. √解析：[听力原文] W: Jim, I'm having difficulty with all the theoretical stuff we are getting in our computer course. M: Oh, that part I understand. What I can't figure out is how to make it work in my program. Q: What is the man's problem?A.Reading on the campus lawn.B.Depositing money in the bank.C.Applying for financial aid. √D.Reviewing a student's application.解析：[听力原文] W: Did you see Mary somewhere around? M: Yes, she is in the campus bank, applying for a student loan. Q: What was Mary doing?（分数：5.00）A.A new shuttle bus.B.A scheduled space flight. √C.An airplane flight.D.The first space flight.解析：[听力原文] W: The space shuttle is taking off tomorrow. M: I know. This is another routine mission. Its first flight was four years ago. Q: What arc they talking about?A.The deadline is drawing near. √B.She can't meet the deadline.C.She turned in the proposals today.D.They are two days ahead of time.解析：[听力原文] M: When are we supposed to submit our project proposals, Jane? W: They're due by the end of the week. We've only two days left. We'll just have to hurry. Q: What does the woman mean?A.By going on a diet.B.By having fewer meals.C.By doing physical exercise. √D.By eating fruit and vegetables.解析：[听力原文] W: When I go on a diet, I eat only fruit and that takes off weight quickly. M: I prefer to eat whatever I want and then run regularly to lose weight. Q: How does the man control his weight?A.He enjoyed it as a whole. √B.He didn't think much of it.C.He didn't like it at all.D.He liked some parts of it.解析：[听力原文] W: John, can you tell me what in the book interested you most? M: Well, nothing specific. But I like it overall. Q: What did the man think of the book?A.It looks quite new.B.It needs to be repaired.C.It looks old, but it runs well. √D.Its engine needs to be painted.解析：[听力原文] W: How do you like the car I just bought? M: Well, it seems to run well. ButI think it needs a new paint job. Q: What does the man think about the car?二、{{B}}Section B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：3.00){{B}}Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.{{/B}} {{B}}Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.{{/B}}（分数：3.00）A.Experience in negotiating.B.A high level of intelligence.C.The time they spend on preparation. √D.The amount of pay they receive.解析：[听力原文11-13] Near Rackman and others of the Horse way re- search group have done some research into the differences between average and good negotiators. They found negotiators with the good trade record and studied them in action. They compared them with another group of average negotiators and found there was no difference in the time the two groups spent on planning their strategy. However, there were some significant differences on other points. The average negotiators thought in terms of the present, but the good negotiators took a long-term view. They made lots of suggestions and considered twice the number of alternatives. The average negotiators set their objectives as single points. "We hope to get two dollars", for example. The good negotiators set their objectives in terms of a range, which they might formulate as "we hope to get two dollars, but if we get one dollar fifty, it will be all right." The average negotiators tried to persuade by giving lots of reasons. They used a lot of different arguments. The good negotiators didn't give many reasons. They just repeated the same ones. They also did more summarizing and reviewing, checking they were understood correctly. 11.What do good negotiators and average negotiators have in common?A.Study the case carefully beforehand.B.Stick to a set target.C.Appear friendly to the other party.D.Try to be flexible about their terms. √解析：[听力原文] According to the speaker, what would good negotiators do?A.Make sure there is no misunderstanding.B.Try to persuade by giving various reasons. √C.Repeat the same reasons.D.Listen carefully and patiently to the other party.解析：[听力原文] According to the speaker, what does the average negotiator usually do?三、{{B}}Passage Two (总题数：1，分数：3.00)（分数：3.00）A.They eat huge amounts of food.B.They usually eat twice a day.C.They usually eat to their hearts' content.D.They eat much less than people assume. √解析：[听力原文14-16] To most of us, sharks are the most dangerous fish in the sea and they attack humans. However, according to Doctor Clark, who has studied the behavior of sharks for twelve years, humans are not normally on a shark's menu. What do sharks feed on? Mainly fish and other small sea animals. Doctor Clark also found that sharks don't eat as much food as people think. For instance, a nine-foot shark only needs two pounds of food a day to keep healthy. But she says sometimes sharks starve and at other times they fill themselves with what they have killed. Around the world, there are only about 100 shark attacks on humans each year, ten of which prove fatal. But consider this: in the U. S. alone, about 3 million people are bitten by dogs each year. Of these, 13 people die. "If a shark bites you," says Doctor Clark, "the reason is usually because it mistakes you for its natural food." For example, say you went underwater fishing and saw a shark, you could be in trouble. The shark might go for the injured fish you had attacked and take a big bite of you at the same time. If you go into a shark's territory and threaten it, it might try to bite you. That's because sharks are territorial and tend to guard their territory. Like dogs, they protect the area that they think is their own. 11.What does the passage say about the eating behavior of sharks?A.When it is breeding.B.When it feels threatened by humans in its territory. √C.When its offspring is threatened.D.When it is suffering from illness.解析：[听力原文] When might a shark attack humans?A.They are not as dangerous as people think. √B.They can be as friendly to humans as dogs.C.They attack human beings by nature.D.They are really tame sea animals.解析：[听力原文] What do we learn from the passage about sharks?四、{{B}}Passage Three (总题数：1，分数：4.00)（分数：4.00）A.Because people might have to migrate there someday. √B.Because it is very much like the earth.C.Because it is easier to explore than other planets.D.Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.解析：[听力原文17-20]Science fiction writers have often imagined human beings going to live on Mars. But these days scientists are taking the idea seriously. It has a great deal to recommend it since it might solve the problem of over- crowding on the earth. But obviously it would not be worth making the effortunless people could live there naturally. If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible. But in fact, it's mostly carbon dioxide (CO2. Apart from that, there are other problems to be overcome. For example, the temperature would have to be raised from 60 degrees below zero to 15 degrees above it. Scientists who study Mars have laid down the program that they can follow. To begin with, they will have to find out whether life has ever existed on the planet Mars in the past. Secondly, they will have to make a reliable map of its surface and finally they will have to make a list of the gases. Above ail, they will have to discover how much nitrogen it possesses, since nitrogen is four-fifth of the air we breathe. They're surprisingly optimistic about raising the temperature on Mars and believe it could be done in 200 years. It will take a bit longer, though, to transform the atmosphere so that human beings could live there. Scientists estimate that this will take 100,000 years.17.Why are scientists interested in Mars?A.Its chemical elements must be studied.B.Its temperature must be lowered.C.Big spaceships must be built.D.Its atmosphere must be changed. √解析：[听力原文] What is one of the things that must be done before man can live on Mars?A.It influences the surface temperature of Mars.B.It protects living beings from harmful rays.C.It keeps a planet from overheating.D.It is the main component of the air people breathe. √解析：[听力原文] Why do scientists want to find out whether there is sufficient nitrogen on Mars?A.Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.B.Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.C.Man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years' time. √D.Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.解析：[听力原文] What is the prospect of people living on Mars?五、{{B}}Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.We learn from the passage that navigation computers ____________.（分数：2.00）A.will greatly promote sales of automobilesB.may help solve potential traffic problemsC.are likely to be accepted by more drivers √D.will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury解析：推断题。
2002年大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案（1月）（3）
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plotagainst a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of________. A) impulse C) inspiration B) insanity D) disposition42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane. A) laymen C) directors B) servants D) attendants43. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see. A) prestige C) priority B) superiority D) publicity44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time. A) feast C) festival B) congratulations D) recreation45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are. A) payments C) funds B) charges D) prices46. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated. A) assurance C) sanction B) assumption D) insurance47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________. A) temperament C) scrutiny B) contamination D) symmetry48. We are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres. A) context C) pretext B) contest D) texture49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ________ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner. A) a distinction C) an identification B) a breakthrough D) an interpretation50. Doctors are often caught in a _________ because they have to decide whether they hould tell their patients the truth or not. A) puzzle C) dilemma B) perplexity D) bewilderment51. To ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays. A) commend C) propagate B) memorize D) commemorate52. His successful negotiations with the Americans helped him to _________ his position in he government. A) contrive C) heave B) consolidate D) intensify53. Please do not be ________ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention. A) distracted C) irritated B) disregarded D) intervened54. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should __________ them as soon as possible. A) rectify C) refrain B) reclaim D) reckon55. He wouldn't answer the reporters' questions, nor would he __________ for a photograph. A) summon C) pose B) highlight D) marshal56. The club will ________ new members the first week in September. A) enroll C) absorb B) subscribe D) register57. If you don't ________ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they'll just run riot. A) mobilize C) manipulate B) warrant D) supervise58. Already the class is ________ about who our new teacher will be. A) foreseeing C) fabricating B) speculating D) contemplating59. We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country. A) dedicate C) ascribe B) cater D) cling60. Just because I'm ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showingme any respect. A) redundant C) versatile B) trivial D) subordinate61. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program. A) sceptical C) spacious B) stationary D) specific62. Depression is often caused by the ________ effects of stress and overwork.. A) total C) terrific B) increased D) cumulative63. A human's eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle. A) eccentric C) sensible B) acute D) sensitive64. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work. A) abrupt C) adverse B) absurd D) addictive65. Shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground. A) feasible C) apt B) appropriate D) fitting66. We'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly________. A) rigorous C) private B) confidential D) mysterious67. The members of Parliament were ________ that the government had not consulted them. A) impatient C) crude B) tolerant D) indignant68. Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately _______ , and still othersare supported by religious organizations. A) ensured C) authorized B) attributed D) endowed69. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if _______ in any way. A) intervened C) provoked B) incurred D) poked70. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other _______. A) drawbacks C) bruises B) handicaps D) blunders。
历年英语六级阅读理解逐句翻译
历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译一、There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a parent, especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type.没有什么事情比有得癌症的迹象更让父母感到害怕的了，尤其对于受到过度教育、对生态环境敏感的那种人来说。
So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out those in the smugly（自鸣得意的）green village of Berkeley, Calif., as being among the worst in the country.所以当《今日美国》在近期公布的一份全国范围内的学校周边空气质量调查中，把加州伯克利的绿色环保小镇列为全国最差时，你可以想象到那些自鸣得意的人的反应。
The city’s public high school, as well as a number of daycare centers, preschools, elementary and middle schools, fell in the lowest 10%. Industrial pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living science experi ments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy metals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day.该市的公立高中以及为数众多的日间看护中心、学前教育机构、小学和中学都在最差的10%之列。
2002年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
2002年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 1如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑，你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。
你的幽默必须与听众有关，向他们表明你是他们中的一员，或者你了解他们的处境并同情他们的观点。
根据谈话对象的不同，问题也有所不同。
如果你在和一群经理谈话，你就可以评论他们秘书紊乱的工作方法；相反，如果你在和一群秘书谈话，你就可以评论他们毫无章法的老板。
下面举一个例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听到的。
这个故事效果很好，因为听众对医生都有同样的看法。
一个人到了天堂，由圣彼得带着他参观。
他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。
所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善，然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时，突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。
只见这人挤到了队伍的前头，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。
“这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得,“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时也认为自己是一名医生。
”如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员，你就有条件去了解你们所共有的经历和问题，你就可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。
而对于其他听众，你就不能试图贸然地讲这种幽默，因为他们也许不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅或总裁有如此微词。
但如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊，那你就会很安全。
如果你在幽默时感到很别扭，你应该进行练习使它变得更自然。
包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。
常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑，因此说慢一些，并且记住扬扬眉毛或者做出一种不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话。
留意幽默，它常常是在出其不意的时候出现。
它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一开始不成功，就放弃”，或者是调侃词藻和场景；寻求夸大其词和轻描淡写；考虑一下你的谈话，选出一些词汇和句子，对它们反复琢磨，并注入一些幽默。
21. 要使自己的幽默让人发笑，你应当A. 利用不同类型的听众B. 取笑杂乱无章的人C. 对不同的人谈不同的问题D. 对你的听众表示同情22. 从那个关于医生的笑话里推出护士对医生的看法是他们____。
历年6级阅读真题及翻译.doc
历年英语六级阅读真题及翻译(2009.06-1999.01 )2009年6月英语六级阅读真题Passage One：For hundreds of millions of years, turtles （海龟）have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings （幼龟）down to the water' s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you' d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct. But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from "threatened n to “endangered”一meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land （as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings）, we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. "The threat is from commercial fishing, ” says Griffin. Trawlers （which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor）and longline fishers （which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles） take a heavy toll on turtles. Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs （恐龙）will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.在数亿年前的时间里，海龟一直在挣扎着离开大海道海滩上产卵，时间远远遭遇自然纪录片的赞扬，或全球定位通讯卫星和海洋生物学家的追踪，乂或者志愿者们用手把幼龟放在海边以避免它们受到光线的影响迷失方向，爬向汽车旅馆的停车场。
历年六级真题作文：2002年1月英语六级作文真题及范文
[导读]为帮助各位考生备考，编辑为广大六级考生整理了“2002年1月英语六级作文真题及范文”，希望大家可以参考历年六级真题作文，取得优异的成绩。
2002年1月英语六级作文真题及范文Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
January 12th, 2002Dear Mr. President,范文：January 12th, 2002Dear Mr. President,I'm very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but I'm afraid I'm not content with the canteen service on campus.Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved.Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dishes, but all the year round, they are the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I think the most urgent problem is variety.Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen can provide us with not only delicious but also cheaper food.Finally, the environment is so noisy that we can't enjoy our meals in good mood. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We hope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestions.By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service.Best wishes,Yours sincerely,Liming参考翻译：尊敬的校长：我很荣幸能够加入到这所世界一流的大学，但是我对校园的食堂服务不是很满意。
英语六级历年阅读题及答案
2010年6月阅读Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage.Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States—we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent". In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have triedto introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is "no exit" when it comes to children. "Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed."While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children' welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (不断积累) to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow'sproductive citizenry (公民). In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
六级考试历年译文
六级考试历年阅读译文XXXX年1月六级阅读译文Passageone译文很多美国人对有关食物的多数危险持极度歪曲、夸张的观点。
马萨诸塞―阿姆赫特大学食品科学及营养系主任佛卡斯•克拉斯代尔直率地说，如果被细菌污染的鸡肉的危险像一些人认为的那样大，“大街上就会到处躺满中毒的人。
”虽然公众越来越要求安全食品，但世界上没有这样的东西。
伯克利的加里福尼亚大学生物化学系主任布鲁斯•阿密兹指出，一棵植物中多达10%的重量是天然杀虫剂。
他说：“植物没有嘴和牙齿来保护自己，它们就使用化学战。
”许多自然生成的化学物质虽然量很小，但实验室化验却证明是强致癌物――可引起癌症的物质。
如果用食品添加剂的标准来衡量，蘑菇就会被禁止食用。
康乃尔大学的营养学家克利斯蒂娜•斯达克断言：“我们从食物中获得的天然化学物质比任何人造的东西都糟糕得多。
”然而问题并不那么简单。
尽管美国人没理由害怕坐在餐桌旁，但他们完全有理由要求食物和饮水安全有明显改进。
他们不知不觉地、不情愿地吸收了大量各种各样的危险化学物。
要是食物中已经含有天然致癌物，再加上几十种新的人造致癌物就不大明智了。
虽然大多数人能抵抗食物和水里的少量污染物，但至少一天少数人会因吃喝的东西而患癌症。
为使食物和供水质量更高，政府需提高管理标准，严格检查计划并强化执行政策。
食品工业应该修改某些人们长期接受的做法，或采用危险较小的做法。
最重要的也许是消费者将不得不学习如何正确处理和烹制食物。
需要解决从田间到加工场、再到厨房的整个食品供应过程中的全部问题。
Passagetwo译文有些地球现象可以预计，但有的人说磁场是个例外。
磁场的强度波动，并从轴开始移动，每隔几十万年经历一次奇异的两极转换――这期间北极变成南极，南极变成北极。
但磁场是怎么产生的？为什么如此不稳定？两位法国地球物理学家的开创性研究为揭示这一奥秘提供了一些线索。
利用80米深海沉淀物的核心，他们测出了历时400万年，11次两极转换期间的磁场强度。
2002年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
C. 享有某些特权 D. 用午餐时都很忙 23. 从文中可以推出，公共服务____。 A. 给许多人带来利益 B. 是公众注意的焦点 C. 不适合作为幽默的笑料 D. 经常是大家的笑料 24.为了达到预期的效果，幽默故事应该以____方式讲述。 A. 话语措辞得当 B. 尽可能地不自然 C. 用夸张的词语 D. 尽可能自然。 25. 这篇文章最好的标题是 A. 有效地使用幽默 B. 各种各样的幽默 C. 在谈话中添加幽默 D. 不同的幽默策
但为君故系列
人自杀，你就可以去冒你病人自杀的风险。 ”
6
谋杀，因为医生并没有想杀死病人。假定你是一名医生，只要你的目的不是让病 另一方面，许多医疗界人士承认，致使医助自杀这场争论升温的部分原因是 由于病人们的绝望情绪，对这些病人来说，现代医学延长了临终前肉体的痛苦。 就在最高法庭对医助自杀进行裁决的前三周， 全国科学学会公布了一份长达 两卷的报告《临近死亡：完善临终护理》 。报告确定了医院临终关怀护理中存在 的两个问题：对病痛处理不力和大胆使用“无效而强制性的医疗程序” ，这些程 序可能会延长死亡期，甚至会让病人临终时痛苦不堪。 医疗行业正在采取措施，让年轻医生去晚期病人休养所培训，测试各种大胆 的镇痛疗法方面的知识，为医院护理制定一份医疗保障制度的条例，以及制定新 的标准来评估和治疗病人的临终痛苦。 安纳斯说，在坚持让善意的医疗动机转化成更好的护理方面，律师可以发挥 关键作用。 “不少医生对病人不必遭受的、 可预见的痛苦无动于衷” ， 甚至构成 “蓄 意虐待病人” 。他说，行医执照颁发机构“必须明确表明——病人痛苦地死亡可 以被认为是由于医生治疗不当造成的，应当吊销其行医执照” 。 36. 从前三段中，我们可以知道 A. 医生曾经用增加药物剂量的方法控制病人的疼痛 B. 医生帮助病人结束生命仍是不合法的 C. 最高法院强烈反对医生协助病人结束生命 D. 病人没有法律赋予的权力去自杀 37. 按照课文，下列哪个观点是正确的? A. 如果医生冒病人死亡的风险，他将被认为有罪。 B. 现代医学一直在帮助那些临死病人进行无痛康复。 C. 法院判决，医生可以开大剂量镇痛药。 D. 医生开出的药是否合法不再取决于他们的意图。 38. 根据 NAS 的报告，临终关怀的问题之一是 A. 延长的医疗程序 B. 对病痛处理不力 C. 蓄意的药物滥用 D. 医院护理不足 39. 第七段第二行出现的 aggressive 的含义是什么？ A. 大胆的。 B. 有害的。 C. 粗心的。 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故 。
六级历年阅读理解翻译(2010.6—2017.6)
发达国家中只有两个国家不能保证提供用于照料新生儿的带薪休假。
去年春天，这两个国家中的一个——澳大利亚——放弃了这种令人质疑的殊荣，建立了自2011 年起开始实施的带薪家庭休假制。
在美国这并没有成为新闻，我并不感到意外——现在我们是唯一没有这项政策的富有国家。
美国确实有一个明确的家庭政策，这就是于1993 年通过的《家庭和医疗休假法》。
它规定要照料新生儿或处理家庭医疗问题的工人有资格享受时间长达12 个星期的不带薪休假。
尽管此法案带来的利益不明显，但当时商务部和其他一些商业团体都极力反对，称其为“政府负责的人事管理”和“危险的先例”。
事实上，民主党领袖一直都致力于将能促进工作与家庭关系平衡的措施形成法律条文，但每一次的努力都遭到了商业团体的强烈反对。
正如耶鲁大学法学教授Anne Alstott 所辩解的那样，要肯定父母关爱的作用就要将家庭定义为一种社会商品，从某种意义上讲，社会要为此埋单。
在她的书《无路可走：父母对孩子的亏欠以及社会对家长的亏欠》中，她认为父母在生活的多个方面都肩负重担：在谈到孩子的话题时，父母们“无路可走”：“社会希望也需要家长们能不间断地照看好他们的孩子，而且是人类用以开发智力、培养情感和树立道德的那种深度的、亲密无间的照看。
社会还希望并需要父母们能坚守这一角色，18 年如一日，如有必要，甚至还可以更长。
”大部分父母出于爱都会照顾孩子，不照顾孩子的父母则会受到公众的处罚。
换句话说，父母们所做的一切都是这个国家所密切关注的问题，原因很明显，照顾孩子不仅从道德上来说是迫切的而且对这个社会的未来至关重要。
国家在大多数保障儿童福利的家庭法律中都认可了这一点，而父母们在履行社会所强加给他们的、会改变其命运的义务时得到的帮助却甚少。
把养育孩子视为个人选择、集体没有责任的做法不仅仅忽视了良好家庭教育所产生的社会效益，而且会抹杀这部分社会效益，因为当今天的孩子成为明天的具有生产力的公民时这部分社会效益会属于整个社会。
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洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌
2002年1月六级试题译文
Passage one
译文
现在汽车制造商卖出的导航电脑售价在2000美元或2000美元以上。
因此，常在Lexus(凌志)、BMW(宝马)和Audi(奥迪)等豪华车中看见它们就毫不奇怪了。
但它是一种正在蓬勃发展的技术，这意味着价格最终会下降，其市场看来正在扩大。
即使就现在的价格而言，导航电脑也足以打动人心。
在大多数大城市中，它能精确地告诉你转弯的方向——用清楚的人声和驾车者前面的屏幕显示，引导你从一个地方驶向另一个地方。
该电脑通过天线工作，天线从24颗全球定位系统卫星中接受了不少于3颗卫星的信号。
通过测量信号从卫星到天线所需的时间，汽车的位置能被确定在100米以内。
卫星信号加上轮速传感器的速度输入以及仪表所示的方向，就能确定汽车的位置，即使它在开动中。
这些信息同地图数据库相结合。
街道、标志性建筑以及感兴趣的地点都包括在内。
许多系统基本上都一样。
区别在于硬件——电脑接受驾车者指示的方式及它提供驾驶指命的方式。
在大多数系统中，驾车者通过触摸式屏幕或光盘输入想去的地址、高速公路交接口或感兴趣的地点。
但是Lexus车的屏幕更先进一步：你能向屏幕地图上的任何地点就可得到去该地的有关指导。
BMW车上的系统有一组能在地图上四处移动的十字纹以选择你想去的地点，你可以选择好几种地图比例。
Audi车的屏幕能转换接收电视节目。
像BMW和Lexus这样的高级系统，词汇量大一些，甚至朗读说明的声音也可不同。
这些指令是英语，也可以是法语、德语、西班牙语、荷兰语或意大利语。
驾车者还能选择决定路线的参数，比如最快的、最短的或不走高速公路的路线。
Passage Two
译文
“世界环境惊人地健康。
讨论。
”如果这是一个考试题目，大多数学生可能会把它驳得体无完肤，列出一长串不满：从本地的烟雾到全球气候变化，从砍伐森林到物种灭绝。
这一串不满在很大程度上正确的，担忧也是合理的。
但是应该得高分的学生会是同意这种说法的人。
令人惊诧的是情况很好，而不是很坏。
本世纪世界人口毕竟增加了三倍，全世界的产出也极大增加，所以你会认为地球本身受到了影响。
的确。
如果人们的生活、消费和生产方式像1900年(或者1950年，甚至像1980年)那样，现在世界会是一个相当令人厌恶的地方：恶臭、肮脏、有毒和危险。
但是这些没有发生。
为什么它们没发生，为什么环境被毁灭，这同价格、技术创新、社会变革和政府因公众压力所制定的规章有关。
这就是贫穷国家的环境问题从原则上说应该能解决的原因。
原材料没有枯竭，而且没有表现出这种迹象。
从逻辑上来说，总有一天它们
会枯竭：地球并不是一个没有穷尽的地方。
但它也非常大，人类非常聪明。
所发生的事情是这样的：每当一种原料看来将要短缺，价格就上升，相应地人们就寻找新的供应来源，尽量找到少用这种材料的方法，或者寻找替代品。
因为这个原因，本世纪能源和矿物的价格在真正费用方面降低了。
食品也是这样。
价格随着收成、自然灾害和政治动荡而波动，当价格上升时，需要一段时间后供应的新来源才能得到。
但由于新型农业技术，新的供应来源总能得到。
长期趋势是下降。
正是在价格和市场运转不当的地方，这种良性趋势开始动摇起来，从而出现了真正的问题。
市场并非总使环境保持健康。
如果没有任何人拥有相关的资源，就没有人有兴趣保存它或培育它：鱼就是最好的例证。
Passage Three
译文
所有孩子不管其背景如何，应该确保他们得到公平的对待，当学校和其他机构对此得相当感兴趣时，智力测验就不流行了。
有的人认为它对少数民族孩子不公平。
在过去几十年中，这种测验已经不流行，许多团体甚至禁止这种测试。
但奇怪的是最近加利福尼亚的一些黑人家长提出诉讼，声称该州禁止智商测验的法令对他的孩子有歧视，剥夺了他们接受测试的机会。
他们正面认为智商测试是有效评价孩子参加特殊教育班的有效方法。
因此，法官至少是部分地撤消了原判。
这样，争论就一直不停。
少数民族的孩子参加智力测试究竟有利还是有弊?我们总是容忍，甚至帮助这样的测试。
如果任何一个肤色或种族的孩子在学校成绩不好，是否这是因为他(她)的智力低，还是因为其他因素，这在我们看来非常重要。
为改进学习差的状况，学校和家庭所做的一切都受其原因的影响。
评价一个孩子的生理状况或者智力水平没有区别。
不幸的是，智力水平看来是一个敏感主题，而且法律允许我们做的又经常在改变。
除智力以外，其他领域也出现同样的反复波动。
比如，30年前鼓励白人家庭收养黑人儿童。
不这样做就会被认为是歧视。
然而风气随后又改变了，这种跨种族收养一般说来又不流行了，一些社会机构觉得黑人小孩应该只到黑人家庭。
很难说什么是最好的常规。
但是对我们所有人来说良好愿望肯定是必要的。
至于智力，在我们看来，对任何一个孩子的智力水平了解得越多，对这孩子就越有好处。
Passage Four
译文
几十年前，在普通大众和社会学家看来这是一个“明显的”事实：现代社会改变了人们的自然关系，淡化了他们对亲戚和邻居的责任感，取而代之的是点头之交的肤浅关系。
但是，近年来越来越多的研究表明这个“明显”是假的。
看来，如果你是城市居民，你知道的邻居比你是小社区的居民知道的邻居少，这是很典型的。
但是对大多数人来说，这个事实无关紧要。
这并不一定意味着如何你认识的邻居少，其他人你就不认识。
即使在很大的城市，人们也同小的个人社会圈子保持着紧密联系。
的确，有意义的关系的数量和质量在大城市人和小城镇人之间并无差别。
同大城市居民相比，小城市居民同亲戚的关系更深。
但作为补偿，大城市居民则同有相同兴趣及
活动的人发展关系。
都市生活可产生不同的生活方式，但城市和小镇的生活质量并无差别。
同小城市居民相比，大城市居民也没有更可能表现压力或疏远(即无归属感)的心理症状。
但城市居民的确更多地担心犯罪，这导致他们不信任陌生人。
这些发现并不意味都市生活很少或没有差别。
如果邻居互不认识，他们更少可能清扫隔壁老年夫妇的人行道，也不密切观察年轻的捣乱者。
另外，正如Wirth 所表示的那样，社区人口的多少及其多样性之间可能有联系。
例如，社会学家发现许多证据，社区规模同赌博、吸毒等恶习有联系。
同小镇居民相比，大城市居民还更可能见多识广，对传统亲属角色更少责任感，投票给左翼政治候选人，对非传统宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治集团和所谓不良分子持宽容态度。
如果综合考虑，异质和反常行为似乎都是人口太多的结果。
Part IV Error Correction
译文
体育活动从本质上来说是由狩猎行为演变而来的。
从生物学角度来看，现代的足球运动员实际上是改变了装束的狩猎队的成员。
如果目标瞄得准，射门得分，他就能也取得猎人杀死猎物那样的胜利。
要了解这种演变是如何发生的，我们必须简要地回顾一下我们古代的祖先。
他们用了超过百万年的时间进化成相互合作的狩猎者。
他们的生存靠的就是狩猎场上的成功。
在这种压力下，他们的整个生活方式甚至他们的身体都发生了巨大的变化。
他们成了追赶者、奔跑者、跳跃者、瞄准手、投掷手和猎物杀戮者。
他们相互合作，成为熟悉的由男性组成的猎手。
后来，大约在一万多年前，经过漫长的为食物而狩猎的初始阶段后，他们成了农夫。
曾在古老的狩猎生活中发挥重要的作用的智力现在得到了提高，并有了新的用途——在栏中驯养猎物。
食物就在农场里，随时可以供他们享用。
狩猎的冒险性以及收获的不确定性已不是他们生存所必须考虑的问题了。
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