如何写论文发表(英文)
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Writing for Publication
James Munro University of Sheffield
Why write?
Fame and fortune Bolster the CV Pressure from above … dissemination
So what’s the problem?
BMJ approach
What is already known on this topic? What does this study add?
Outline your story: 1
Context
Once upon a time… …there were 3 bears…
Methods
The need to know
Providing a context and a question creates the reader’s “need to know”
wk.baidu.com
What’s the story?
If this was a news report, what would the headline be? What is the central idea?
Where were other papers on this topic published?
Journalology
Refereed or not? Listed in bibliographic databases? Impact factor?
Write for a journal
More ideas
Questions from clinicians …especially those you can’t answer Things that go wrong Things you disagree with
You already have something
But is it publishable?
Is it interesting? Could it affect practice or policy? Is it generalisable?
Almost everything is publishable
somewhere
Don’t start writing yet!
No ideas Ideas but no writing Writing but nothing sent off Writing sent off but not accepted
The other problem
Time Writing is a lot of work Even academics don’t have time
Reasons for rejection
So find the right journal
Get to know the journals in your area What are their interests? What are their styles?
So find the right journal
But you need to see a copy
Develop your outline
Introduction Methods Results Discussion
Introduction
What is the issue? What is already known about it? Set up a question in the reader’s mind Explain why your study is needed
Discussion
Don’t write yet!
What’s the context? What’s the story?
The context
Everybody needs a context
Context for a research paper
What’s already known? What’s unknown? What’s controversial?
Outline your story: 2
Results
…and she ran home. …never go into the woods alone.
Conclusions
Don’t start writing yet!
Who is the story for?
Who’d like to know? Who needs to know?
Methods
What did you do? How did you do it? Have a logical order Don’t report results here by mistake!
Results
Follow the order of the methods Who? When? What?
Select one of the journals which might be interested in your story Write for that journal
Writing for that journal
Instructions for authors
Usually on the web Headings, weighting, referencing, interests
What we’ll talk about
Writing an academic paper 10 ways to be rejected Magazines and books are a bit different
Any ideas?
Experience Everyday working Problems Costly activities
James Munro University of Sheffield
Why write?
Fame and fortune Bolster the CV Pressure from above … dissemination
So what’s the problem?
BMJ approach
What is already known on this topic? What does this study add?
Outline your story: 1
Context
Once upon a time… …there were 3 bears…
Methods
The need to know
Providing a context and a question creates the reader’s “need to know”
wk.baidu.com
What’s the story?
If this was a news report, what would the headline be? What is the central idea?
Where were other papers on this topic published?
Journalology
Refereed or not? Listed in bibliographic databases? Impact factor?
Write for a journal
More ideas
Questions from clinicians …especially those you can’t answer Things that go wrong Things you disagree with
You already have something
But is it publishable?
Is it interesting? Could it affect practice or policy? Is it generalisable?
Almost everything is publishable
somewhere
Don’t start writing yet!
No ideas Ideas but no writing Writing but nothing sent off Writing sent off but not accepted
The other problem
Time Writing is a lot of work Even academics don’t have time
Reasons for rejection
So find the right journal
Get to know the journals in your area What are their interests? What are their styles?
So find the right journal
But you need to see a copy
Develop your outline
Introduction Methods Results Discussion
Introduction
What is the issue? What is already known about it? Set up a question in the reader’s mind Explain why your study is needed
Discussion
Don’t write yet!
What’s the context? What’s the story?
The context
Everybody needs a context
Context for a research paper
What’s already known? What’s unknown? What’s controversial?
Outline your story: 2
Results
…and she ran home. …never go into the woods alone.
Conclusions
Don’t start writing yet!
Who is the story for?
Who’d like to know? Who needs to know?
Methods
What did you do? How did you do it? Have a logical order Don’t report results here by mistake!
Results
Follow the order of the methods Who? When? What?
Select one of the journals which might be interested in your story Write for that journal
Writing for that journal
Instructions for authors
Usually on the web Headings, weighting, referencing, interests
What we’ll talk about
Writing an academic paper 10 ways to be rejected Magazines and books are a bit different
Any ideas?
Experience Everyday working Problems Costly activities