主谓一致 语法讲解

主谓一致语法形式上要一致，即主语单复数形式与谓语要一致。

意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的主语。

代词的指代一致原则，代词的指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。

例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。

2)谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：There is much water in the bottle. 瓶子里有好多水。

去年生产了一万吨煤。

例如：Helping others is her great happiness. 帮助其他人是她的最大幸福。

例如：When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown. 我们何时何地举行会议还不知道。

How to work out the problem is very easy. 解决这个问题非常简单。

Whether they'll例如：They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2) 如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, jeans, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼睛在书桌上。

【注意】如果这类名词前用了a pair of等表示数量的名词，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。

例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这里有几双新鞋。

My new pair of socks is on the bed.3)例如：What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来。

【注意】并列主语如果只有一个冠词，那么指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。

常用的固定组合有：例如：The poet and writer has come. 那个诗人兼作家来了。

(同一个人)The poet and the writer have come. 诗人和作家来了。

(两个人)Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他经常以黄油面包当早餐。

(同一个事物)Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop. 商店里的面包和黄油都卖光了。

(两个事物)【注意】用and连接的单数主语，前面有each, every, no, many a, more than a 等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如：Every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 每个男孩和女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。

Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 很多男孩和女孩都见过这个。

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我们的国家，每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。

No boy and no girl likes it. 男孩和女孩都不喜欢它。

【注意】复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。

例如：The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。

4)谓语动词要用复数形式。

例如：There are only a few people who can live to 100. 只有少数人能活到100岁。

Both of them are in my class. 他们两个都在我的班里三、根据主语中名词的单复数而定例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the museum. 教师和一些学生在参观博物馆。

Tom as well as I wants to go boating. Tom和我想去划船。

The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to high school students. 阅读教材加上参考书对高中生是非常有益的。

The woman together with her daughter and son sits on the sofa watching TV. 那个女人和她的儿女坐在沙发上看电视。

例如：The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的损坏都容易修理。

The majority of the students like music. 大部分学生喜欢音乐。

例如：Most of his money is spent on computer games. 他大部分的钱化在电脑游戏上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

There is plenty of water in the bottle. 瓶里还有好多水。

There are plenty of balls in the box. 箱子里有好多球。

There is a large quantity of milk. 有很多牛奶。

例如：Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 四分之三多的土地已经收回了。

Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 到场的三分之二的人都反对这个计划。

20% of students are boys. 20％的学生是男孩。

％的水是新鲜的。

who, that, which例如："Keep cool" is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. “镇静”是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。

【注意】在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the (only)/the very。

如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有，就用复数形式。

【比较】Jack is one of the men who were chosen to represent the company. Jack是被选出来的公司代表之一。

(定语从句，先行词是the men，用复数)Jack is the only one of the men who was chosen to represent the company. Jack 是被选出来的公司代表之一。

(定语从句，先行词是the only，用单数)One of those students has passed the examination. 这些学生只有一个考试及格了。

(不是定语从句，one of作主语，用单数)"主谓一致——意义上一致一谓语动词一定用要用单数的主语情况1)news, means, works(工厂), Maths。

还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, Mathematics, politics(“政治”的意思，如果作为“政见”的意思，则是复数含义)等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如：Politics is a complicated business. 政治是一个复杂的事情。

2)例如：One of those students has passed the examination. 这些学生只有一个考试及格了。

A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。

墙边有一堆书。

3) ，“more than one + 单数名词”作主语，意义虽为“许多”、“不止一个”，但谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如：More than one student has passed the examination. 不止一个学生通过了这次考试。

Many a child learns to swim before he can read. 许多孩子在认字前就学会了游泳。

Many a person has watched the movie. 许多人看过这部电影。

【注意】“more than + 基数词＋复数名词”或“more ＋复数名词＋than one做主语时，谓语用复数。

例如：More than twenty students are playing football on the playground. 超过20学生在操场上踢足球。

不止一个成员反对你的计划。

4)例如：One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。

例如：Nine is an odd number. 9是一个奇数。

(主语是数字9)【注意】如果是省略了后面的名词复数的情况，谓语动词用复数。

例如：Six were killed including a boy. 六个人被杀，其中包括一个男孩。

(主语的含义是6个人)谓语一般用单数。

例如：Two weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 进行必要准备的时间是两个星期。

Five dollars is enough. 五美元够了。

Thirty miles is a long way to walk. 三十里地可是个不近的路程。

作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：The New York Times is reading all over the United States. 《纽约时报》的读者群遍及整个美国。

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。