阅读理解主旨大意题(讲解版)

阅读理解主旨大意题

【命题分析】

主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占1-2个。

◆主旨大意题的分类

1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种

①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。

②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻

找或总结。

2.考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种

①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；

②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；

③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

◆设问特点：

1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4.常以main idea,best idea,subject,mainly discuss等词提问。

◆常考问题：

1.中心思想类

The main point/idea of the passageis…

The passageis mainly about…

The passagemainly discusses…

The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…？

Which of the following statements best expressesthe main idea of the passage?

2.标题类

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

The best title for the passagewould be…

3.目的类

The author’ｓ

main purpose in writing the passageis to…

The passageis meant to…．

In writing this passage,the author mainly intends to…

【名师指导】

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：

1.中心主题句出现在文首

开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见

的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。

新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。

【典例】

（2016·新课标卷III）Bad news sells.If it bleeds,it leads.No news is good news,and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being

e-mails spread and monitored(监控)in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’ｓand online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

＂The‘ifit bleeds’rule works for mass media,＂says Jonah Berger,a scholar at the University of

feeling.But when you share a story with your Pennsylvania.＂They want your eyeballs and don’ｔ

care how you’re

want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.＂

friends,you care a lot more how they react.You don’ｔ

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails,Web posts and reviews,face-to-face

necessarily mean conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),but that didn’ｔ

people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for that possibility,Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of

website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the＂most news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times’

e-mailed＂list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more

readers and made them want likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science amazed Times’

to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other,and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article,the more likely it was to be shared,as Dr.Berger explains