四级完形填空类型及技巧

完形填空巅峰讲座四级完形填空文章共一篇，长度大约在220到250词之间，共包括20个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选项。完形填空所占分值比例为10%，考试时间为15分钟。

Lecture 1第一讲4种常见题目类型

完形填空的空白处所删去的词既有实词也有虚词，它的目的是测试考生在各个层面上的语言理解能力和语言综合运用能力。根据题目所考查的侧重点不同，完形填空可以分为以下四种题目类型：语义衔接题、惯用衔接题、逻辑衔接题、结构衔接题。不同的题目类型，选项的特点也有所不同。一、语义衔接题

语义衔接题要求考生根据上下文语义的要求，在空白处填入合适的词，使上下文语义通顺。这类题的四个选项大多是以近义词、反义词或形近词的形式出现。

【例1】（10 6 67）

【原文】

Conceptually, e commerce does not 67 from well known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, “mail order” catalogs, or sending a purchase order to a supplier 68 fax.

E commerce follows the same model 69 in other business transactions; the difference 70 in the details.【选项】

［A］distract

［B］descend

［C］differ

［D］derive【解析】67题选［C］。语义衔接题。分析句意可知，此处是将电子商务(e commerce)与我们熟知的传统的商业形式(well known commercial offerings)进行比较。空格所在句的后一句提到，电子商务的交易模式与其他商业交易模式一样(follows the same model)，从语义的连贯性来看，空格所在句应该是说“从概念上来看，电子商务与传统的商业形式没有什么不同”，故答案为［C］differ, differ from意为“不同于”。68题答案为via；69题答案为used；70题答案为lies。

二、惯用衔接题

惯用衔接题要求考生根据某些习惯搭配或固定句式的要求，在空白处填入合适的词，使前后形成合理的搭配关系。

【例2】（09 12 74）

【原文】

“73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75,” says the report s author, Professor Stephen McNair. 【选项】

［A］at

［B］by

［C］in

［D］on【解析】74题选［D］。惯用衔接题。分析句子结构可知，空格前的中心词是concentration，而该词通常与介词on搭配使用，意为“注意…，关注…”，故答案为［D］。73题答案为Learning；75题答案为needs。

三、逻辑衔接题

逻辑衔接题要求考生根据上下文因果、转折、并列等逻辑关系的要求，在空白处填入正确的衔接词语，使上下文形成合理的逻辑衔接。这类题的选项多为because, however, so, or

等逻辑关系衔接词。

【例3】（09 6 74）

【原文】

Last year sales fell 6 7 percent, 7 6 percent 74 you don t count the mini car market.

【选项】

［A］unless［B］if

［C］as［D］after【解析】选［B］。逻辑衔接题。此处需要填入一个从句的引导词，将四个选项带入句中，能使此处逻辑通顺的是［B］if (如果)。此处是说，去年的销售额下降了6.7%，如果不算迷你车市场的话就是下降了7.6%。

四、结构衔接题

结构衔接题要求考生根据上下文语法结构的需要，在空白处填入合适的词，使句子的语法结构完整。这类题的选项多为引导从句的关系代词或关系副词。经常涉及到的语法结构有名词性从句、定语从句、强调句型、虚拟语气、倒装等。另外，除了在题目中直接考查对语法结构的掌握以外，完形填空的所有题目都贯穿着对考生理解句子语法结构能力的考查。

【例4】（08 12 84）

【原文】

It caused them to think about 84 they might control the experiences of children to…【选项】［A］what［B］how

［C］whatever［D］however【解析】选［B］。结构衔接题。分析句子结构可知，所填词应能引导宾语从句，且不在从句中充当主语和宾语，所以可将答案限定在［B］how和［D］however中。但［D］however作连词时，通常引导让步状语从句，而且其后需要跟形容词或副词，这明显不符合本句语法要求。本题答案应为［B］how，用在句中表明control the…的方式。

即讲即练

Exercise 1

There are two factors which determine an individual s intellig ence. The first is the sort of brain he is born 1. Human brains differ considerably, 2 being more capable than others.3 no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence 4 he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what 5 to the individual — the sort of environment in which he is brought 6. If an individual is handicapped 7, it is likely that his brain will 8 to develop and he will 9 attain the level of intelligence of which he is 10.The importance of environment in determining an individual s intelligence can be 11 by the case of the 12 twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in 13 foster (寄养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in a(n) 14 community with poor educational opportunities. John,15, was educated in the home of well to do parents who had been to college. This environmental 16 continued until the twins were 17 their late teens, 18 they were given tests to 19 their intelligence. John s IQ was 125, twenty five points higher than the 20 and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.1.［A］for［B］by［C］with［D］in

2.［A］most ［B］some［C］many［D］few

3.［A］But［B］For［C］Still［D］And

4.［A］if［B］though［C］as ［D］unless

5.［A］refers［B］applies［C］happens［D］concerns