SAT语法讲义6(Faulty Verb Tense)
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Error Classification
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
注：英语中有些动词一般不用于现在进行时 ※ 表示知觉的动词：see（看见）, hear（听见）, smell（闻到）, taste（尝……味）, notice（留意）, feel（感到）等 ※ 表示态度和感情的动词： believe（相信）, agree（同意）, like（喜欢）, hate（恨）, want（想要）, think（认为）等 ※ 一些不表示具体动作而表示某种抽象的关系或概念的动词： have（有）， depend （依靠），seem（似乎），belong to（属于）， consist（组成），possess（拥有）等
（3）现在进行时 用来表示计划即将发生的动作，多与表示移动的动词come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等连用 Eg. ★ He is leaving for London. ★ They aren`t coming. （4）“be to+动词原形”和“be about to+动词原形” 前者指“安排好的事”，后者指“即将发生的事” Eg. ★ The children are to learn English next week. ★ Are you to meet at the entrance to the park? ★ The train is about to start.
7.将来进行时
由shall be/will be+现在分词构成 （1）表示在将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作 Eg. ★ When you get to the station at nine tomorrow, your uncle will be waiting for you there. (wait) ★ I will be busy this evening, I will be writing an article. (write) （2）表示按计划将来要发生的动作 Eg. ★ I hope you will be coming on time. ★ They will be having their holiday in June.
（6）图片说明，电影说明，解说戏剧内容及场景 Eg. ★ Scene 1 (Mary and Miss Green are in the professor`s room----a large, pleasant room with many books. There is a big desk near the window. （7）有几个由here，there开头的句子 动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作 Eg. ★ There goes the bell. Let`s hurry! (go) ★ Here comes the teacher. (come)
BUT 当这些动词的词义改变时便可用于现在进行时
Eg. ★ I feel sick. feel (感到) feel (触摸) ★ The doctor is feeling my pulse.
6.过去进行时
由助动词be/was/were+现在分词构成 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去 时间可用时间状语表示，也可由上下文暗示 Eg. ★ He was watching TV when I came in. ★ He was reading a book in the library this morning.
过去完成进行时
过去进行时
studied
将来 一般将来时
was studying ｝ were
将来进行时
had studied源自文库
将来完成时
had been studying
将来完成进行时
shall study will｝
过去将来 过去将来时
shall be will｝ studying
过去将来进行时
shall shall have been have studied ｝ will will｝ studying
（3）在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中 主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来动作 Eg. ★ I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. (rain) ★ She will go to see him as soon as she arrives . (arrive)
5.现在进行时
由助动词be/ is/am/are+现在分词构成 （1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 Eg. ★ The boys are reading magazines. ★ Mr. Green is talking with Jim in the classroom. （2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作（尽管此时此刻该动作并不进行） Eg. ★ -----What`s he doing this week? -----He is translating a novel. (translate) ★ They are learning Chinese in Beijing.
在1st人称后，will常表示“决心”、“意愿”或“打算”，在否定句中用于所有 人称，有“不愿”的意思。shall用于2nd人称时，可表示说话者的将来意愿、 警告或允诺 Eg. ★ I will study hard to keep up with my classmates. ★ You shall have the book.
8.现在完成时
由助动词have/has+过去分词构成 （1）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作和状态 通常用可延续性动词，如be, work, study, live等，常与表示时间长度的状语连用， 如for ten minutes, since 1985, all day等，也可带有表示到目前为止的时间状语， 如so far, up to now, until now等 Eg. ★ I have sat for hours in the classroom, reading a novel. ★ The whether has been cold so far this winter.
4.一般过去将来时
由“should或would+动词原形”构成。1st用should或would，其余人称 都用would 一般过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的 状态，常用在宾语从句中 Eg. ★ Lily said there would be a concert that evening. ★ They wondered when we should（would）finish our composition. 一般过去将来时也可以用was( were) going to+动词原形、was（were）to+ 动词原形、was（were）about to+动词原形、was（were）+动词的现在分词 （多与移动动词come，go，leave等连用）来表示 Eg. ★ No one knew when he was going to come. ★ He said that they were to leave at six.
2. 一般过去时
（1）表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如a few minutes ago, yesterday, last Sunday 等以及由连词when等引导的时间状语从句 Eg. ★ He was here just now. ★ We worked in a factory in 1972. ★ He didn`t watch TV last night.
过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进 行时
should should be should have should have been study ｝ would｝ would｝ studying would studied would｝ studying
1.一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯 常用时间状语：often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, in the morning, every day, on Sunday等
表示一般将来时的另外几种形式 （1）“be going to+动词原形”
多用于口语中所有人称，含有“打算”、“计划”、“准备”、“即将”做某事 意思，或表示很有可能要发生某事 Eg. ★ Mr. Green is going to buy a car. ★ There is going to be a wonderful film in our school tonight. （2）一般现在时 用来表示已安排或计划好的将来动作或存在状态，常与be，come， go， arrive，leave，start等动词连用
3.一般将来时
表示将来发生的动作或将存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday等连用 Eg. ★ When will they leave for Shanghai. ★ He will be back in a few days. 注：shall和will除了表示单纯的将来外，还有其他用法。
（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 可与时间状语ofteh连用；used to（“过去常常”）加动词原形或would（“总是 “常常”）加动词原形也表示过去经常、反复发生的动作 Eg. ★ When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park. (be) ★ He used to smoke. (use)
（3）现在进行时常与副词always，constantly等连用 表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾 等情绪 Eg. ★ The girl is always smiling happily. ★ She is constantly changing her idea. （4）用进行时可以表示过程 Eg. ★ It is getting cold. ★ The leaves on the tree are turning brown. （5）现在进行时可用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作（见一般将来时中）
Eg.
★ He is always ready to help others. (be)
★ The students have sports at five every afternoon. (have)
（2）表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理 Eg. ★ Three plus two is five. (be) ★ A plane is faster than a car. (be) ★ Light travels faster than sound. (travel)
（4）在含宾语从句的复合句中
尽管主句用过去时态，但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理，从句 谓语动词仍用一般现在时
Eg. ★ The teacher told her purples that the sun rises in the east. (rise) （5）表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态 一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词 Eg. ★ The meeting is at 2:00 p.m. (be) ★ His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m. (leave)
英语动词的16种时态（study） 式
一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
时
现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
study studies
过去 一般过去时
am are is
｝
studying
have studied ｝ has
过去完成时
have been ｝ has studying
Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
注：英语中有些动词一般不用于现在进行时 ※ 表示知觉的动词：see（看见）, hear（听见）, smell（闻到）, taste（尝……味）, notice（留意）, feel（感到）等 ※ 表示态度和感情的动词： believe（相信）, agree（同意）, like（喜欢）, hate（恨）, want（想要）, think（认为）等 ※ 一些不表示具体动作而表示某种抽象的关系或概念的动词： have（有）， depend （依靠），seem（似乎），belong to（属于）， consist（组成），possess（拥有）等
（3）现在进行时 用来表示计划即将发生的动作，多与表示移动的动词come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等连用 Eg. ★ He is leaving for London. ★ They aren`t coming. （4）“be to+动词原形”和“be about to+动词原形” 前者指“安排好的事”，后者指“即将发生的事” Eg. ★ The children are to learn English next week. ★ Are you to meet at the entrance to the park? ★ The train is about to start.
7.将来进行时
由shall be/will be+现在分词构成 （1）表示在将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作 Eg. ★ When you get to the station at nine tomorrow, your uncle will be waiting for you there. (wait) ★ I will be busy this evening, I will be writing an article. (write) （2）表示按计划将来要发生的动作 Eg. ★ I hope you will be coming on time. ★ They will be having their holiday in June.
（6）图片说明，电影说明，解说戏剧内容及场景 Eg. ★ Scene 1 (Mary and Miss Green are in the professor`s room----a large, pleasant room with many books. There is a big desk near the window. （7）有几个由here，there开头的句子 动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作 Eg. ★ There goes the bell. Let`s hurry! (go) ★ Here comes the teacher. (come)
BUT 当这些动词的词义改变时便可用于现在进行时
Eg. ★ I feel sick. feel (感到) feel (触摸) ★ The doctor is feeling my pulse.
6.过去进行时
由助动词be/was/were+现在分词构成 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去 时间可用时间状语表示，也可由上下文暗示 Eg. ★ He was watching TV when I came in. ★ He was reading a book in the library this morning.
过去完成进行时
过去进行时
studied
将来 一般将来时
was studying ｝ were
将来进行时
had studied源自文库
将来完成时
had been studying
将来完成进行时
shall study will｝
过去将来 过去将来时
shall be will｝ studying
过去将来进行时
shall shall have been have studied ｝ will will｝ studying
（3）在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中 主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来动作 Eg. ★ I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. (rain) ★ She will go to see him as soon as she arrives . (arrive)
5.现在进行时
由助动词be/ is/am/are+现在分词构成 （1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 Eg. ★ The boys are reading magazines. ★ Mr. Green is talking with Jim in the classroom. （2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作（尽管此时此刻该动作并不进行） Eg. ★ -----What`s he doing this week? -----He is translating a novel. (translate) ★ They are learning Chinese in Beijing.
在1st人称后，will常表示“决心”、“意愿”或“打算”，在否定句中用于所有 人称，有“不愿”的意思。shall用于2nd人称时，可表示说话者的将来意愿、 警告或允诺 Eg. ★ I will study hard to keep up with my classmates. ★ You shall have the book.
8.现在完成时
由助动词have/has+过去分词构成 （1）表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作和状态 通常用可延续性动词，如be, work, study, live等，常与表示时间长度的状语连用， 如for ten minutes, since 1985, all day等，也可带有表示到目前为止的时间状语， 如so far, up to now, until now等 Eg. ★ I have sat for hours in the classroom, reading a novel. ★ The whether has been cold so far this winter.
4.一般过去将来时
由“should或would+动词原形”构成。1st用should或would，其余人称 都用would 一般过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的 状态，常用在宾语从句中 Eg. ★ Lily said there would be a concert that evening. ★ They wondered when we should（would）finish our composition. 一般过去将来时也可以用was( were) going to+动词原形、was（were）to+ 动词原形、was（were）about to+动词原形、was（were）+动词的现在分词 （多与移动动词come，go，leave等连用）来表示 Eg. ★ No one knew when he was going to come. ★ He said that they were to leave at six.
2. 一般过去时
（1）表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如a few minutes ago, yesterday, last Sunday 等以及由连词when等引导的时间状语从句 Eg. ★ He was here just now. ★ We worked in a factory in 1972. ★ He didn`t watch TV last night.
过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进 行时
should should be should have should have been study ｝ would｝ would｝ studying would studied would｝ studying
1.一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯 常用时间状语：often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, in the morning, every day, on Sunday等
表示一般将来时的另外几种形式 （1）“be going to+动词原形”
多用于口语中所有人称，含有“打算”、“计划”、“准备”、“即将”做某事 意思，或表示很有可能要发生某事 Eg. ★ Mr. Green is going to buy a car. ★ There is going to be a wonderful film in our school tonight. （2）一般现在时 用来表示已安排或计划好的将来动作或存在状态，常与be，come， go， arrive，leave，start等动词连用
3.一般将来时
表示将来发生的动作或将存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday等连用 Eg. ★ When will they leave for Shanghai. ★ He will be back in a few days. 注：shall和will除了表示单纯的将来外，还有其他用法。
（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 可与时间状语ofteh连用；used to（“过去常常”）加动词原形或would（“总是 “常常”）加动词原形也表示过去经常、反复发生的动作 Eg. ★ When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park. (be) ★ He used to smoke. (use)
（3）现在进行时常与副词always，constantly等连用 表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾 等情绪 Eg. ★ The girl is always smiling happily. ★ She is constantly changing her idea. （4）用进行时可以表示过程 Eg. ★ It is getting cold. ★ The leaves on the tree are turning brown. （5）现在进行时可用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作（见一般将来时中）
Eg.
★ He is always ready to help others. (be)
★ The students have sports at five every afternoon. (have)
（2）表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理 Eg. ★ Three plus two is five. (be) ★ A plane is faster than a car. (be) ★ Light travels faster than sound. (travel)
（4）在含宾语从句的复合句中
尽管主句用过去时态，但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理，从句 谓语动词仍用一般现在时
Eg. ★ The teacher told her purples that the sun rises in the east. (rise) （5）表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态 一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词 Eg. ★ The meeting is at 2:00 p.m. (be) ★ His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m. (leave)
英语动词的16种时态（study） 式
一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
时
现在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
study studies
过去 一般过去时
am are is
｝
studying
have studied ｝ has
过去完成时
have been ｝ has studying