现在分词作状语
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• making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。 • 现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性（自然结果）。（making 可以
改为 which makes，相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。） • ﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry. • 他每天回来得很晚，这是他的妻子很生气。 • =He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very
was what we did this morning.
介词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意义为： 所------的事（人
• Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from what their parents speak at home.
• ☆理解技巧： • 理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴
随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所 表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。 • 英语中V-ing形式作伴随状语时,它表示的是一个次要的动作,来对谓语 表示的动作加以说明或作为陪衬。一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句 成分分开。例如:1.Don’t sit there doing e and help me with this table.不要坐在那里什么也不做;过来帮我收拾餐桌
句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装
• neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
• Only then did I realize that I was wrong. • Only in this way can I learn from my fault. • only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装
• What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympics Games will take place in Beijing.
Be动词后的what从句，引导表语从句，意义 为：所------的事（人）
• He isn’t what he used to be now. • See the flags on top of the building? That
• 一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去 分词表示被动、完成。
• ☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、 结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况 等
What从句
句首what，引导主语从句，意义为： 所------的事（人）
• What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
before
在……之前 • We do want to buy something now before prices go up. • 在物价上涨之前我们的确想买点东西。 )……以后才…… • It was midnight before he came back.他半夜以后才回来。 还没有(来得及)……就…… • Someone called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up before I could
seldom • Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German
citizenship was taken away. • 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在
现在分词作状语
doing sth.作时间状语
• Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
• =When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
angry. • =He comes home late every evening, and it makes his wife very
angry.
doing sth.作条件状语
• Listening to English every day （If you listen to English every day）， you’ll learn it well step by step.
doing sth.作方式状语
• The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
• They eat using the fingers of their right hands
doing sth.作伴随状语
• Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. • = Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. • The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch. • All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
• Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
doing sth.作让步状语
• Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然 住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
• Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被 击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
• People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved in the past ten years.
动词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意 义为：所------的事（人
• The companies are working together to create what they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
answer the phone. • 半夜里有人给我打电话,可是我还没来得及接,电话就挂断了 免;免得 • Put down her tele-phone number before you forget it.把她电话号码记下来,免得忘了。 与其……(宁愿……) • He will die before he will tell them what they want to know.他宁死也不说出他们想知道
• When asked what they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
to do
做主语
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词。
• Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. • Not knowing her address, I can't write to
her.
doing sth.作结果状语
• There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。 It’s very nice of you to help me.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，
心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right.
当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首 时, 句子需全倒装
In front of the house stopped a police car.
方位状语在句首
inversion
• Never shall I forget you. • Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. • 否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,
的事情。
before
• 作副词 • I think she should have told you this before.我想
她以前应该告诉过你这个。 • We ll see that film before long.我们不久就要看那
部电影了。 • before long的意思是“不久(以后)”;long before的
• ☆理解技巧： • 分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连
词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状 语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. • Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
• To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.
• In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday.
inversion
There goes the bell! There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.
• ﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
• = When he heard the news, he got frightened.
doing sth.作原因状语
• Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.
It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well.
To learn English well is not easy.
to do
表目的时，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放 在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，不定式 常与句子用逗号隔开；而在句子末尾时一 般不用逗号隔开。
意思是“很久以前”,要注意时态的运用。 • 作介词时,before主要表示时间,所跟的时间是“时
间点”,而不是“时间段”。 • He said this ten minutes before his de
改为 which makes，相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。） • ﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry. • 他每天回来得很晚，这是他的妻子很生气。 • =He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very
was what we did this morning.
介词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意义为： 所------的事（人
• Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from what their parents speak at home.
• ☆理解技巧： • 理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴
随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所 表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。 • 英语中V-ing形式作伴随状语时,它表示的是一个次要的动作,来对谓语 表示的动作加以说明或作为陪衬。一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句 成分分开。例如:1.Don’t sit there doing e and help me with this table.不要坐在那里什么也不做;过来帮我收拾餐桌
句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装
• neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
• Only then did I realize that I was wrong. • Only in this way can I learn from my fault. • only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装
• What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympics Games will take place in Beijing.
Be动词后的what从句，引导表语从句，意义 为：所------的事（人）
• He isn’t what he used to be now. • See the flags on top of the building? That
• 一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去 分词表示被动、完成。
• ☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、 结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况 等
What从句
句首what，引导主语从句，意义为： 所------的事（人）
• What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
before
在……之前 • We do want to buy something now before prices go up. • 在物价上涨之前我们的确想买点东西。 )……以后才…… • It was midnight before he came back.他半夜以后才回来。 还没有(来得及)……就…… • Someone called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up before I could
seldom • Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German
citizenship was taken away. • 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在
现在分词作状语
doing sth.作时间状语
• Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
• =When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
angry. • =He comes home late every evening, and it makes his wife very
angry.
doing sth.作条件状语
• Listening to English every day （If you listen to English every day）， you’ll learn it well step by step.
doing sth.作方式状语
• The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
• They eat using the fingers of their right hands
doing sth.作伴随状语
• Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. • = Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. • The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch. • All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
• Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
doing sth.作让步状语
• Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然 住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
• Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被 击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
• People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved in the past ten years.
动词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意 义为：所------的事（人
• The companies are working together to create what they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
answer the phone. • 半夜里有人给我打电话,可是我还没来得及接,电话就挂断了 免;免得 • Put down her tele-phone number before you forget it.把她电话号码记下来,免得忘了。 与其……(宁愿……) • He will die before he will tell them what they want to know.他宁死也不说出他们想知道
• When asked what they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
to do
做主语
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词。
• Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. • Not knowing her address, I can't write to
her.
doing sth.作结果状语
• There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。 It’s very nice of you to help me.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，
心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right.
当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首 时, 句子需全倒装
In front of the house stopped a police car.
方位状语在句首
inversion
• Never shall I forget you. • Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. • 否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,
的事情。
before
• 作副词 • I think she should have told you this before.我想
她以前应该告诉过你这个。 • We ll see that film before long.我们不久就要看那
部电影了。 • before long的意思是“不久(以后)”;long before的
• ☆理解技巧： • 分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连
词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状 语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. • Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
• To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.
• In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday.
inversion
There goes the bell! There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.
• ﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
• = When he heard the news, he got frightened.
doing sth.作原因状语
• Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.
It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well.
To learn English well is not easy.
to do
表目的时，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放 在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，不定式 常与句子用逗号隔开；而在句子末尾时一 般不用逗号隔开。
意思是“很久以前”,要注意时态的运用。 • 作介词时,before主要表示时间,所跟的时间是“时
间点”,而不是“时间段”。 • He said this ten minutes before his de