with 的复合结构

with without 引导的独立主格结构

介词with without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。

A．with+名词代词+形容词

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.

他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.

He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.

他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.

注意：

在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing 形式或-ed形式。

With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.

由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.

父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。

B．with+名词代词+副词

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.

所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.

The boy was walking, with his father ahead.

父亲在前，小孩在后走着。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.

C．with+名词代词+介词短语

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或

He stood at the door, computer in hand.

他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.

Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或

Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.

文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。

= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.

D．with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式

With his homework done, Peter went out to play.

作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.

With the signal given, the train started.

信号发出了，火车开始起动了。

= After the signal was given, the train started.

I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.

工作还没完成，我不敢回家。

= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.

E．with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.

有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.

小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.

Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。

= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.

F．with+名词代词+动词不定式

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.

有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。

= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.

The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.

有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。

The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.

提示：

在with without 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。

Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.

她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without不能省略）

with+宾语+宾补

有这些词和短语可以做宾补：1、形容词2、副词3、介词短语4、现在分词5过去分词6、不定式

with the window closed(closed为形容词)

with the light on

with a book in her hand

with a cat lying in her arms

with the problem solved

with the new term to begin

英语中“介词with + 复合宾语” 结构也叫介词with的复合结构, 即“with+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”, 这种结构在中学英语课本中频频出现，用法十分灵活而且复杂。近年来，高考命题者常常通过一定的语境来考查with这一复合结构的用法，下面让我们先看看两道与介词with复合结构相关的高考试题：

1.(NMET.2000) _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.