国际贸易实务(周瑞琪等)-课后答案详解

国际贸易实务(英文版) International Trade Practice

周瑞琪王小欧徐月芳编著

Chapter two

IV. Short questions

1.Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB?

答：Seller.

2.Who pays for unloading under CIF?

答：Buyer.

pare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?

答：Similarities: a. Sel ler’s risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail. b. Seller is responsible for export customs formalities while buyer is responsible for import customs formalities. c. Buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination. d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation. Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer’s risk.

4.What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?

答：Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms s eller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive the destination.

5.What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?

答：Major similarities: a. seller should contract and pay for the

major carriage. b. Seller is not taking the risk of loss or damage to the goods during the transportation. Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport. b. Under CPT seller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by seller. Under CFR seller’s risk will be transferred when the goods pass over the s hip’s rail.

6.What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?

答：Major similarities: a. seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. Seller is not taking the risk of loss or damage to the goods during the transportation. c. Seller must obtain insurance against buyer’s risk. Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport. b. Under CPT seller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by seller. Under CFR seller’s risk will be transferred when the goods pass over the ship’s rail.

7.If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should you do?

答：No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially among the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.

8.What are the most commonly used trade terms?

答：FOB,CFR & CIF.

9.Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?

答：Seller. According to Incoterms 2000, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while buyer the import customs formalities.