大工18春《大学英语4》在线测试1答案
2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套完整版)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D)Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D)It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D)It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative.B) Inspiring.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She takes photos.D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each one has a unique character.C)They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with the resources they need.D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18.A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C)They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C)It is the largest cat in Africa.D)It is a large-sized wild cat.20.A) They are as loyal as dogs.B)They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C)They have unusually long tails.D)They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents' biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C)Read books and magazines to them.D)Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious __26__ occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs __27__ with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes __28__ like home heating and cooking, has remained __29__ over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray __30__ it as an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little __31__,” he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income __32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they __33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited __34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel（柴油）__35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A) abilityB) associatedC) consciouslyD) constantE) control F) damageG) described H) equalsI) exclusivelyJ) innovatedK) regularlyL) relatesM) sourcesN) undermineO) vehiclesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing ProgressA) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some ideas on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni （通心粉）-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it? ” she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sur e they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications （药物）.By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with Your Do’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.F) In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of St. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”G) In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine—that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.H)”It’s a different paradigm （范式）of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients，nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.I) Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea s ays. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long- term disease.”J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet-particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.K) “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41.One food-as-medicine program net only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted（抽取）.The team at Stanford investigatedthe aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating （脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46. How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48.What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?A)The sinking of land surface.B) The harm to the ecosystem.C) The damage to aquifers.D) The change of the climate.49.What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughtsB) They are entirely free from pollutants.D)They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50.What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too 抑^ 识出whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between live. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings sm arter, more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching 及decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（第一套）
2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级真题及答案（第⼀套）2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming. B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease. D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming. B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation. D) Diminishing investment. Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring.C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard. B) She does recording.C) She takes photos. D) She takes notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active. B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard. D) It helps her kill time.11. A) It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13. A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) They are mostly crowded.C) Each one has a unique character.D) Life can be tedious in some places. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with the resources needed.D) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By inspiring their creativity.C) By keeping them off the streets.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is the largest cat in Africa.C) It is an unusual cross breed.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.B) They have unusually long tails.C) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They teach them to dive.C) They shower with them.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Anxious and depressed.B) Contented and relieved.C) Excited but somewhat sad.D) Proud but a bit nervous.23. A) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.B) It is gaining increasing public attention.C) It is depends on their parents for success.D) It starts the moment they are born.24. A) Set a good example for them to follow.B) Read books and magazines to them.C) Help them to learn by themselves.D) Choose the right school for them.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The effort they put in learning.D) The quality of their school.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes ) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persi stently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can t ake the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通⼼粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the docto r, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying sol ely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or la unching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversin g diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even pr eventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospit al’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda als o has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people e at can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way p hysicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄⽔层)below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating(脱盐)the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if thatwill put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a ba d turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thi ng to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A)Computers will prevail over human beings.B)Computers have unmatched potential.C)Computers are man’s potential rivals.D)Computers can become highly intelligent.52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54.What do we learn about Microsoft’s “chatbot” Taylor?A)She could not distinguish good from bad.B)She could turn herself off when necessary.C)She was not made to handle novel situations.D)She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信⽹络的快速发展，中国智能⼿机⽤户数量近年来以惊⼈度增长。
2018年年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第1套)
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesB)associated F)damage J)innovated N)undermineC)consciously G)described K)regularly O)vehiclesD)constant H)equals L)relatesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C]Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. RitaNguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H] “It’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K]“As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustivestudy of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human driversdo. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
大工18秋《大学英语4》在线测试1答案
大工18秋《大学英语4》在线测试1（标准98分）一、单选题(共20 道试题,共80 分)1.The basic features of the communication process are identified in one-question: Who says _____ through what channel to whom?A.howB.whenC.whatD.such答案：C2.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ______ for her examination.A.to prepareB.to be preparedC.preparingD.being prepared答案：C3.He looked as if he ()ill for a long time.A.wasB.wereC.has beenD.had been答案：D4.You should take _______ of this opportunity and try to make a good impression on them.A.careB.advantageC.chargeD.place答案：B5.As a public relations officer, he is said _____ some very influential people.A.to have been knowingB.to be knowingC.to have knownD.to know答案：B6.Would you rather I ()buying a new bike?A.decided againstB.will decide againstC.have decidedD.shall decide against答案：A7.I had my meals _________ when I was ill in bed with a bad cold.A.to bringB.bringC.broughtD.bringing答案：C8.He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won _____ and a scholarship.A.statusB.fameC.faithD.courage答案：B9.You would be _____ a risk to let your child go to school by himself.A.omittingB.attachingC.affordingD.running答案：D10.Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him ()smoking.A.give upB.gave upC.to give upD.giving up答案：C11.The dean of the Philosophy Department requested that the visiting scholar ________ a lecture onSartre.A.gaveB.giveC.would giveD.had given答案：B12.It is a __________ 100 meter from my house to the theater. Let"s leave the car in the garage and walk there.A.onlyB.mereC.rareD.hardly答案：B13.A fully qualified ________ can help different parties to overcome language barriers and bring about a meeting of minds like milk mingling with water.A.interpreterB.guideC.agentpanion答案：A14.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not （）.A.have laid there for two hoursB.have been lied there for two hoursC.have lied there for two hoursD.have lain there for two hours答案：D15.Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks __________ for working hard and becoming a top student.A.reasonB.motivationC.talentD.ability答案：B16.I"m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise __________.A.I may have failedB.I"d failC.I"d have failedD.I"ll have failed答案：C17.If there __________ no air, people would die.A.wereB.isC.beD.been答案：A18.What should we do if it ________ tomorrow?A.should snowB.would snowC.snowD.will snow答案：A19.He was seriously ill, but he refused to __________ accept his fate.A.positivelyB.negativelyC.passivelyD.actively答案：C20.__________, I would take an umbrella with me.A.Had I been youB.I were youC.Were I youD.I had been you答案：C二、判断题(共10 道试题,共20 分)1.It is important that the hotel receptionist has made sure that guests are registered correctly.A.错误B.正确2.He turned off the light and locked the door, believe nobody was in the room.A.错误B.正确3.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if she’d gone.A.错误B.正确4.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he would teach me how.A.错误B.正确5.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I would go an hour before the discussion begins.A.错误B.正确6.You should know better than to play volleyball in the classroom.A.错误B.正确7.If you spare half an hour for exercises every day you’ll soon be back in good condition.A.错误B.正确8.We hadn"t met for 20 years, but I recognized her the moment I saw her.A.错误B.正确9.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I have been so busy then.A.错误B.正确10.Driving to and from work, commuters have little else to focus except driving and the sounds from their radios.A.错误B.正确。
2018年大学英语四级试题及答案
2018年大学英语四级试题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Online Shopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第1套)
2018 年12 月大学英语四级真题完整版（第 1 套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part ，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city.You should write at least 120 words but no morethan180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A)Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.7.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.8. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princes’s s14th child.9. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.10. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passageand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.12. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.13. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.15. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.16. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.18. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’b iggest concern.19. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.20. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than onc．eQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 itas an “urgent call to action. ”“One of the r p i s r e k m f a a c t u o r r e s d f o e r a t h s is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 , ”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesB)associated F)damage J)innovated N)undermineC)consciously G)described K)regularly O)vehiclesD)constant H)equals L)relatesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph ’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn aboutfood. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aislewith Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning? he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruitout the night before and have it ready the next morning. ”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director ofthe nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s‘Shopwith Your Doc’program sends doctors to the grocerystore to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shopperswho happen to be around with questions.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheeseboxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real chees“e. SoI’d have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how longthat might take, j ust to have her kids reject it. m not sur“e tIh’e y’d eat it. They justwon’t eat it. ”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetesrates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food, Nadeau tells her. “Andonly 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think weshould try to reverse that. S”cott agreesto try more fruit juices for the kids and tomake real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. Thefood-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but’s i t making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather thanrelying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat“. There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer b y food choices, ”Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophicalswitch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not justgive away food, ”s ays Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital s ’m edical director of HealthyFood Initiatives. “We want people to understand w r e h a e t a t t h i n e g y, how to’p repare it,the role food plays in their lives. ”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine —that is aformal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly showthe power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone isalways the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietarychanges. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clearpicture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processedfoods in the American dietcontribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Accordingto the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and strokeare caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H] “I t’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease”, says Dr. Brenda Rea,who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma LindaUniversity School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to traindoctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’n utritionalhabits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard andkitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, butalso how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heatthings up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says,can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the healthand lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison, ” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powelrtfhuings you can change toreverse the effects of longt-erm disease. ”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, manylifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly forpeople with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K] “As whathappened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that canhappen, ” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians u s e d e t,o a s n m d o t k h e n stoppedsmoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a biggervoice in it. ”21. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.22. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in foodstores.23. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.24. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.25. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.26. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.27. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.28. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.29. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway30.these days.31. Americans’high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracte（d抽取）. The teamatStanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction,but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level ofsalt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Researchfrom the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.32.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.33.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.34. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.35. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.36. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so itis not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. Asdriverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes thanhuman drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Shouldthe cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if thatwill put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog?What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are notsuper-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than weare will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbootk a’b ad turn. Thesoftware, named Taylor, was designed to answer messagesfrom people aged18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. Shewas designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some peoplewere teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This shouldbe a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and cleargoals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. Theunpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling softwareproblem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AIwill be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings. ”37. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaG’o s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.38. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.39. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.40. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘c h a t T b a o y t lo’r?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.41. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
大工18秋《大学英语4》在线测试2参考答案 (1)
大工18秋《大学英语4》在线测试2Thefatherrepeatedly__________withthepoliceofficertosethisdaughterfree,holdingfir mtohisbeliefthatshewasinnocent.A.arguedB.protestedC.angeredD.pleaded参考答案:DCharlesregretted________theTVsetlastyear.Thepricehasnowgonedown.A.buyingB.tobuyC.ofD.from参考答案:ASince1999,thenumberofforeignstudentsatGermanuniversities________from113,000toalm ost200,000.A.hasincreasedB.aveincreasedC.areincreasedD.wasincreased参考答案:AWemighthavefailedifyou（）usahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive参考答案:CHehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifhe（）allaboutthat.A.knowB.knowsC.knownD.knew参考答案:DHiswordsare_________butthemeaningisdeep.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle参考答案:AWillyou_______meafavor,please?A.doB.makeC.bringD.giveThesoldiersrushedtowardthewalltofind________fromthebullets.A.preventB.safeC.shroudD.shelter参考答案:DThoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_________,todayhewasmade_________byhislittles ister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry参考答案:AOnlyaverydelicatethermometercan________suchtinychangesintemperatureinapreciseway .A.countB.relateC.measureD.number参考答案:CThelawrequiresthateveryone（）hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhave参考答案:CItwasonthebeach______MissWhitefoundthekidlyingdead.A.thatB.thisC.itD.which参考答案:AWhataheavyrain!Soitis.Iprefer（）ratherthan（）onsucharainyday.A.togoout;stayathomeB.tostayathome;gooutC.goingout;stayathomeD.stayingathome;goout参考答案:BEveryoneofthem________tiredandwantedagoodrest.A.seemsB.isseemedC.wasseemedD.seemedJimwenttogreat_____totrytopleasehisgirlfriend.A.botherB.lengthsC.waysD.troubles参考答案:BTheadvertisementwithcartoonanimationisdesignedto__________aworldwideattention,es peciallythatoftheyoungsters'.A.distractB.captureC.attackD.occupy参考答案:BTheownerandeditorofthenewspaper______theconference.A.wereattendingB.weretoattendC.istoattendD.aretoattend参考答案:C______intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.A.ThefourthbiggestcityitwasB.OncethefourthbiggestcityC.BeingthefourthbiggestcityD.Itwasoncethefourthbiggestcity参考答案:BThechairmansuggestedthatwe_____themeetingtoaclosebysingingthenationalanthem.A.bringB.broughtC.bebringingD.wouldbring参考答案:ATheenergy______bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.A.transferredB.releasedC.deliveredD.conveyed参考答案:BMrs.Andersonwenttogreatlengthstokeephersonfromgettingmixedupinsuchdreadfulthings .A.错误B.正确参考答案:BDr.Smithwasalwaysconcernedaboutthepoorandthesick,oftenprovidingthemwithfreemedicalcare.A.错误B.正确参考答案:BThishotel,ifnotwellmanaging,willyieldlittleprofit.A.错误B.正确参考答案:A Isuggestwestoppedandfoundshelterfromthewindandsnowforthenight.A.错误B.正确参考答案:A Thelocalgovernmentisworriedthatthedroughtinthisregioneveryyearmayleadtomanypeopl etobeforcedtoleavetheirhomes.A.错误B.正确参考答案:AManyoldmenpreferliveinapeacefulcountryside.A.错误B.正确参考答案:AIfoundaletterlyingonthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.A.错误B.正确参考答案:BIhavereadthenewsoftoday.Howaboutoneofyesterday?A.错误B.正确参考答案:A Theoverallgoalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteaching.A.错误B.正确参考答案:BThenewschoolyearisabouttobegin.A.错误B.正确参考答案:B。
华东《大学英语4》2018年春学期在线作业(一)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (单选题) 1: I like that new watch very much, but I can’t _______ it.A: affordB: offerC: spendspendD: cost正确答案:(单选题) 2: Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A: whereB: whenC: whichwhichD: how正确答案:(单选题) 3: The government has been accused of not responding ___________ to the needs of the homeless.A: approximatelyB: accordinglyC: appropriatelyappropriatelyD: particularly正确答案:(单选题) 4: In _________ to local demand, we will be opening this store from nine till seven on Sundays.A: generalB: totalC: shortshortD: response正确答案:(单选题) 5: It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ____? A: we are going homeB: we go homeC: we went home we went homeD: we can go home正确答案:(单选题) 6: ________ is well-known to all, too much stress can cause disease. A: WhichB: AsC: What WhatD: That正确答案:(单选题) 7: I can’t do my homework with all this noise _________.A: is going onB: to go onC: gone ongone on------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ D: going to正确答案:(单选题) 8: I’d rather you ____ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A: don’tB: wouldn’tC: shouldn’t shouldn’tD: didn’t正确答案:(单选题) 9: We want Taylor in jail where we can ____________ him.A: keep up withB: keep inC: keep an eye on keep an eye onD: keep on正确答案:(单选题) 10: His _____________ on this matter is unexpected.A: actionB: reactionC: response responseD: attitude正确答案:(单选题) 11: The company _________ the children in the mountain area ______ a lot of books.A: supplies …. for …B: provides… to…C: supplies… with…supplies… with…D: cater…to…正确答案:(单选题) 12: Young____________John was, he was able to swim across the channel within minutes.A: asB: soC: thoughthoughD: although正确答案:(单选题) 13: When and why he came here ________ yet.A: is not knownB: are not knownC: has not knownhas not knownD: have not been正确答案:(单选题) 14: She is a talented musicians ___________ a photographer.A: but alsoB: as well as------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ C: but butD: and so as正确答案:(单选题) 15: ________ makes mistakes must correct them.A: WhatB: ThatC: Whoever WhoeverD: Whatever正确答案:(单选题) 16: The questions ________ finally, we went home.A: to be settledB: settlingC: having settledhaving settledD: settled正确答案:(单选题) 17: The work was finished on time and within __________.A: budgetB: financeC: expense expenseD: deficit正确答案:(单选题) 18: He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.A: I amB: I would beC: I wasI wasD: I were正确答案:(单选题) 19: Seize the chance, __________ you will regret it.A: andB: butC: therefore thereforeD: otherwise正确答案:(单选题) 20: My father told me to behave _______, when I got my first job as an accountant.A: rudelyB: carelesslyC: strictlystrictlyD: decently正确答案:(单选题) 1: I like that new watch very much, but I can’t _______ it.A: affordB: offer------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ C: spendspendD: cost正确答案:(单选题) 2: Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A: whereB: whenC: whichwhichD: how正确答案:(单选题) 3: The government has been accused of not responding ___________ to the needs of the homeless.A: approximatelyB: accordinglyC: appropriatelyappropriatelyD: particularly正确答案:(单选题) 4: In _________ to local demand, we will be opening this store from nine till seven on Sundays.A: generalB: totalC: shortshortD: response正确答案:(单选题) 5: It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ____? A: we are going homeB: we go homeC: we went home we went homeD: we can go home正确答案:(单选题) 6: ________ is well-known to all, too much stress can cause disease. A: WhichB: AsC: What WhatD: That正确答案:(单选题) 7: I can’t do my homework with all this noise _________.A: is going onB: to go onC: gone ongone onD: going to正确答案:(单选题) 8: I’d rather you ____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A: don’tB: wouldn’tC: shouldn’t shouldn’tD: didn’t正确答案:(单选题) 9: We want Taylor in jail where we can ____________ him.A: keep up withB: keep inC: keep an eye on keep an eye onD: keep on正确答案:(单选题) 10: His _____________ on this matter is unexpected.A: actionB: reactionC: response responseD: attitude正确答案:(单选题) 11: The company _________ the children in the mountain area ______ a lot of books.A: supplies …. for …B: provides… to…C: supplies… with…supplies… with…D: cater…to…正确答案:(单选题) 12: Young____________John was, he was able to swim across the channel within minutes.A: asB: soC: thoughthoughD: although正确答案:(单选题) 13: When and why he came here ________ yet.A: is not knownB: are not knownC: has not knownhas not knownD: have not been正确答案:(单选题) 14: She is a talented musicians ___________ a photographer.A: but alsoB: as well asC: but butD: and so as正确答案:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (单选题) 15: ________ makes mistakes must correct them.A: WhatB: ThatC: Whoever WhoeverD: Whatever正确答案:(单选题) 16: The questions ________ finally, we went home.A: to be settledB: settlingC: having settledhaving settledD: settled正确答案:(单选题) 17: The work was finished on time and within __________.A: budgetB: financeC: expense expenseD: deficit正确答案:(单选题) 18: He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.A: I amB: I would beC: I wasI wasD: I were正确答案:(单选题) 19: Seize the chance, __________ you will regret it.A: andB: butC: therefore thereforeD: otherwise正确答案:(单选题) 20: My father told me to behave _______, when I got my first job as an accountant.A: rudelyB: carelesslyC: strictlystrictlyD: decently正确答案:。
2018年12月英语四级真题答案解析（第1套）
1 / 4 2018年12月英语四级真题答案解析（第1套）来源：文都教育Part I Writing 【创业——参考范文】The Challenges of Starting a Career after Graduationb5E2RGbCAP Facing the rising employment pressure, a host of college graduates choose to start a career instead instead of of looking for a a regular regular job job in in a a company. company. company. As As As we we we all all know that, that, starting starting starting a a a career career career is is beneficial to realize one ’s own dreams and value. However, it is also widely acknowledged that stating a career will be inevitably confronted with numerous challenges. p1EanqFDPw When When it it it comes to comes to the challenges that that we we we may may may meet in meet in the the process of process of starting starting a career, the a career, the main ones can be listed as follows. First of all, as freshmen who have just entered into the society, it is obvious that college graduates lack related experience, which will increase the rate of failure they may encounter during starting a career. Being short of entrepreneurial experience is one of difficulties that that college college graduates graduates need need need to to to overcome. overcome. overcome. In In addition, the the collection collection of money is another problem they should solve urgently. Otherwise, there is no possibility of starting a career. DXDiTa9E3d Although starting starting a career a career after after graduation graduation has so many many challenges challenges challenges to to to be be be solved, solved, solved, college college graduates graduates still still need need take take take a a a positive positive attitude towards it. Moreover, prudent consideration and entrepreneurial spirit are also necessary for graduates to start a career. RTCrpUDGiT Part IIListening Comprehension【四级听力参考答案】1.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. 2.A) It is stable.3.B) No injuries were yet reported. 4.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall. 5.A) Shrinking potato farming. 6.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease. 7.A) Global warming. 8.C) Dull. 9.D)she take notes. 10.A) It keeps her mind active. 11.B) It helps her better remember what she learns. 12.A)To spend her honeymoon. 13.A) In memory of a princess. 14.D) It has walls decorated with jewels. 15.B)They are mostly crowded. 5PCzVD7HxA 16. C)They provide residents with the resources needed.17.B)By inspiring their creativity. 18.D)Their number increased modestly. 19.C)It is an unusual cross breed. 20.A)They are as loyal as doges. 21.C)They shower with them. 22.D) Excited but somewhat sad. 23.A) It starts the moment they are born. 24.D) Set a good example for them to follow. 25.B) Their home life. Part III Reading comprehensionSectionA 26.F) damage 27.B) associated 28.M) sources 29.D) constant 30.G) described 31.E) control 32.H) equals 33.K) regularly 34.I)exclusively 35.O) vehicles Section B 36.[D] Nadeau says sugar and... 37.[B] Scott is delighted to get... 38.[G] In Southern California... 39. [A] Several times a month, you can... o cook... 40. [I] Many people don’t know how t41.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard... 42.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made... 43. [J] Studies have explored evidence that... 44. [E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution... 45. [G] In Southern California... Section C Passage one 46.B)By drawing water from the depths of the earth。
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版(第1套)_共13页
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the globaleconomy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesB)associated F)damage J)innovated N)undermineC)consciously G)described K)regularly O)vehiclesD)constant H)equals L)relatesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C]Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or evenreverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feelingechoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H] “It’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K]“As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that canhappen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper thandesalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
2018年大连理工18秋《大学英语4》在线测试1、2、3满分
B: gave up C: to give up D: giving up 正确答案: C (单选题) 11: The dean of the Philosophy Department requested that the visiting scholar ________ a lecture on Sartre. A: gave B: give C: would give D: had given 正确答案: B (单选题) 12: It is a __________ 100 meter from my house to the theater. Let's leave the car in the garage and walk there. A: only B: mere C: rare D: hardly 正确答案: B ( 单 选 题 ) 13: A fully qualified ________ can help different parties to overcome language barriers and bring about a meeting of minds like milk mingling with water. A: interpreter
B: guide C: agent D: companion 正确答案: A (单选题) 14: If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not （） . A: have laid there for two hours B: have been lied there for two hours C: have lied there for two hours D: have lain there for two hours 正确答案: D ( 单 选 题 ) 15: Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks __________ for working hard and becoming a top student. A: reason B: motivation C: talent D: ability 正确答案: B (单选题) 16: I'm glad I went over all my notes; otherwise __________. A: I may have failed B: I'd fail C: I'd have failed D: I'll have failed
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版第1套 共13页
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes towrite a short essay on thechallenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark thecorresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people's leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents' biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.PartⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the globaleconomy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost incomealone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, whichincludes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained over the past 29several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grownrapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 itas an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air webreathe, over which individuals have little ,”he said. 31The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in someplaces lost-labor income nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- 32and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerouslevels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited to the developing world. Thousands die 34prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries,where diesel(柴油) have become more common inrecent years, that number 35reaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesN)undermine J)innovated F)damage B)associatedO)vehiclesC)consciously K)regularly G)describedL)relatesD)constantH)equalsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph morethan once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph's market inHuntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn aboutfood. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aislewith Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoidanything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying freshjuices in the morning?”he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a littlecheaper, and fruits are reallygood for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruitout the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director ofthe nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Healthalliance. The center's ‘Shop with Your Doc' program sendsdoctors to the grocery storeto meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers whohappen to be around with questions.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott'sshopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroniand real cheese.“SoI'd have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long thatmight take, just to have her kids reject it. “I'm not sure they'd eat it. They just won'teat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetesrates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,”Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food isplant-based food. I think we shouldtry to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juicesfor the kids and to make realmacaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it's making progress asphysicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather thanrelying solely on medications (药物). By prescribingnutritional changes or launchingprograms such as‘Shop with your Doc', they are tryingto prevent, limit or evenreverse disease by changing what patients eat.“There's noquestion people can takethings a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, evenpreventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph HoagHealth, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switchto becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feelingechoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San FranciscoGeneral Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoingbasis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients severalbags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cookit. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr.Rita Nguyen, the hospital's medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We wantpeople to understand what they're eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in theirlives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offeringspecialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formalspecialty in using food to treat disease. Research findingsincreasingly show the powerof food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always thesolution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes.Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear pictureemerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute tothe nation's high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the WorldHealth Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused byhigh blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruitsand vegetables.[H] “It's a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease,”says Dr. Brenda Rea,who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma LindaUniversity School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to traindoctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients' nutritionalhabits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard andkitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, butalso how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don't know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heatthings up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says,can actually transform a patient's life. And beyond that, it might transform the healthand lives of that patient's family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Reasays. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerfulthings you can change toreverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancercells. In general, manylifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for peoplewith diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.“As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can[K]happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used tosmoke, and then stoppedsmoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a biggervoice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat isfactory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in foodstores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover fromvarious illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teachespatients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste oftime.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headwaythese days.45. Americans' high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas evenhaving to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problemis growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has founddeep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previousdrilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumpingpractices, water deeper than this can now be extracted（抽取）. The team at Stanfordinvestigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and foundthat reserves maybe triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, butonly recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. Theaquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumpingwill be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping outwater from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water ispumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weightof the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper thandesalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastalstate. Some desalinationplants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that thesedeep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage. One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level ofsalt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergodesalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustivestudy of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. Newestimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California's drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People's health may improve with cleaner water.B) People's water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers havebecome.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they behonest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it isnot too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverlesscars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human driversdo. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars beprogrammed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put theirpassengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the onlyrisk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers? Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are willbe the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's‘chatbot' took a bad turn.The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She wasdesigned to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people wereteaching Taylor racist ideas. When she startedsaying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages. AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time. Thisshould be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules andclear goals. It is something very different touse AI in the real world. Theunpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AIwill be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome.Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better humanbeings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man's potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft's ‘chatbot' Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.PartⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fromChinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
大工春大学英语在线测试答案
大工春大学英语在线测试答案As a person, we must have independent thoughts and personality.大工18春《大学英语4》在线测试2答案第1题,Standing under a big tree to _______ getting wet in a rain is not a good choice. This is especially true when it is the thunderstorm reason.A、avoidB、keepC、stopD、drop第2题,Answers which are hard to read because of poor explanations may even get no __________.A、awardB、rewardC、prizeD、credit第3题,A(n) _______ board must be established to help settle disagreements between divisions over transfer prices.A、impartialB、impartC、partialD、whole第4题,That family __________ came from France. Now they have a great amount of influence over the people of South Africa.A、finallyB、formallyC、definitelyD、originally第5题,My brother keeps ________ me with my work.A、to helpB、helpC、helpingD、helped第6题,If you've worked for one employer for two years or more before leaving to have your baby, you may be ________ maternity pay.A、drawn onB、entitled toC、settled forD、rested on第7题,The soldiers rushed toward the wall to find ________ from the bullets.A、preventB、safeC、shroudD、shelter第8题,The workers want us _________ together with them.A、workB、workingC、to workD、worked第9题,The policeman ________ the burglar and caught him with the help of a taxi driver in the end.A、chasedB、soughtC、overturnedD、ran第10题,Their organization neither used nor ________ the use of violence in its struggle for equality.A、scatteredB、enrolledC、overheardD、advocated第11题,The librarian insists that John （）no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.A、will takeB、tookC、takeD、takes第12题,I was satisfied with her explanation, _______.A、so my classmates wereB、so were my classmatesC、so my classmates didD、so did my classmates第13题,Neither John ______ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.A、norB、orC、butD、and第14题,He is not a child _________.A、no moreB、no longerC、any muchD、any more第15题,The match was cancelled because most of the members _____ a match without a standard court.A、objected to havingB、were objected to haveC、objected to haveD、were objected to having第16题,The advertisement with cartoon animation is designed to __________ a worldwide attention, especially that of the youngsters'.A、distractB、captureC、attackD、occupy第17题,Her new book which is a _________ of poems, short stories and dramas will be released next month.A、groupB、zooC、vocabularyD、collection第18题,I had my meals _______ when I was ill in bed with a bad cold.A、to bringB、bringC、broughtD、bringing第19题,-What a heavy rain! -So it is. I prefer（）rather than （） on such a rainy day.A、to go out; stay at homeB、to stay at home; go outC、going out; stay at homeD、staying at home ; go out第20题,The energy ______ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.A、transferredB、releasedC、deliveredD、conveyed第21题,The children decide to clean their school yard this Friday afternoon.A、错误B、正确第22题,Our decision rests on the results of several experiments.A、错误B、正确第23题,New difficulties arose as we were revising our plan.A、错误B、正确第24题,The boy is often heard to practice singing in the music room. He sings very well.A、错误B、正确第25题,Dr. Smith was always concerned about the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.A、错误B、正确第26题,Mr. Brown often wore a heavy coat because he was not used to live in such a cold climate.A、错误B、正确第27题,Although they plant trees in this area every year, but the tops of some hills are still bare.A、错误B、正确第28题,Reviewing their work will give us a much better feelfor the wide differences between the two schools of thought.A、错误B、正确第29题,He was so a dynamic speaker that he held our attention every minute of the three-hour lecture.A、错误B、正确第30题,They are trying to exploit the waste discharged by the factory for profit.A、错误B、正确。
2018年12月英语四级考试真题答案 ( 第1套)
2018年12月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版第一套)Part Ⅰ WritingThe Challenges of Living in a Big City①With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of big cities is constantly increasing in China. ②While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges, such as traffic jam and pollution, just to name a few.③The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion during rush hours. I hate waiting for buses and being late for school or work. ④The next problem is tha t the large population in big cities makes them so crowded that we can hardly find a peaceful place unless staying at home. Supermarkets are always crowded, so are cinemas and parks.⑤Another consequence of the large population is that it intensifies the i nadequacy of high-quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of happiness.⑥As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always: "no, definitely not." What about you?Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension1. C2. A3. B4. B5. D6. C7. A8. C9. D10. A11. B12. A13. A14. D15. B16. C17. B18. D19. C20. A21. C22. C23. D24. A25. BPart III Reading Comprehension26-35：FBMDG EHKIO36-45：DBGAI FCJRG46-55：BBADC DCBACPart IV TranslationBecause of the rapid development of communication network, the number of smartphone users in China has increased at an astonishing rate in recent years, which has significantly changed the way many people read. Nowadays they often read news and articles on smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers and periodicals. The development of numerous mobile apps has enabled people to read novels and other forms of literary works on their mobile phones. Therefore, the sales of paper books have been affected. But surveys show that though smartphone reading market has grown steadily, over half of adults still enjoy reading paper books.。
18年石油大学《大学英语4》第1阶段在线作业
•A)took on •B)looked on •C)went on •D)carried on参考答案：A收起解析解析：无•A)in case •B)although •C)though •D)as long as参考答案：D收起解析解析：无•A)was playing •B)am playing •C)play•D)played参考答案：A收起解析解析：无•A)or•B)but•C)and •D)too参考答案：B收起解析解析：无•A)which •B)that •C)when •D)where参考答案：D收起解析解析：无•A)heighten •B)promote •C)raise •D)increase参考答案：B收起解析解析：无•A)don’t •B)didn’t •C)wouldn’t •D)shouldn’t参考答案：B收起解析解析：无•A)How •B)What •C)Which •D)Who参考答案：B收起解析解析：无•A)appeared•B)happened•C)occurred•D)emerged参考答案：C收起解析解析：无•A)must not be•B)must not have been •C)are not to be •D)would not be参考答案：D收起解析解析：无•A)quickly•B)wrongly •C)bitterly•D)seriously参考答案：D收起解析解析：无•A)like•B)same •C)near •D)similar参考答案：B收起解析解析：无•A)aim •B)purpose •C)point •D)meaning参考答案：C收起解析解析：无•A)was •B)were •C)is•D)are参考答案：C收起解析解析：无•A)must•B)should•C)will•D)can参考答案：C收起解析解析：无•A)less intelligent •B)the most intelligent •C)intelligent as well •D). as intelligent as参考答案：D收起解析解析：无•A)being accomplished•B)having been accomplished •C)accomplished•D)to be accomplished参考答案：D收起解析解析：无•A)would they arrive•B)had they arrive •C)did they arrive •D)were they to arrive参考答案：B收起解析解析：无•A)debate•B)discuss•C)argue•D)dispute参考答案：B收起解析解析：无•A)beautiful •B)serene •C)dark •D)fresh参考答案：B收起解析解析：无。
2018年英语四级真题及答案(共六套)
2018年英语四级真题及答案（共六套）2018年6月英语四级真题及答案(第一套)Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop it.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.B)A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his wife.C)A father's message for his daughter.D)The history of a century-old motel.2.A)She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.B)She wanted to honor her father's promise.C)She had been asked by her father to do so.D)She was excited to see her father's handwriting.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)People were concerned about the number of bees.B)Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.C)Two million bees were infected with disease.D)Zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.4.A)It apologized to its customers.B)It was forced to kill its bees.C)It lost a huge stock of bees.D)It lost2.5million dollars.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)It stayed in the air for about two hours.B)It took off and landed on a football field.C)It proved to be of high commercial value.D)It made a series of sharp turns in the sky.6.A)Engineering problems.B)The air pollution it produced.C)Inadequate funding.D)The opposition from the military.7.A)It uses the latest aviation technology.B)It flies faster than a commercial jet.C)It is a safer means of transportation.D)It is more environmentally friendly.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It seems a depressing topic.B)It sounds quite alarming.C)It has little impact on our daily life.D)It is getting more serious these days.9.A)The man doesn't understand Spanish.B)The woman doesn't really like dancing.C)They don't want something too noisy.D)They can't make it to the theatre in time.10.A)It would be more fun without Mr.Whitehead hosting.B)It has too many acts to hold the audience's attention.C)It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.D)It is a show inappropriate for a night of charity.11.A)Watch a comedy.B)Go and see the dance.C)Book the tickets online.D)See a film with the man.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.B)She simply has no idea what school to transfer to.C)There are too many activities for her to cope with.D)She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.13.A)Seek advice from senior students.B)Pick up some meaningful hobbies.C)Participate in after-school activities.D)Look into what the school offers.14.A)Give her help whenever she needs it.B)Accept her as a transfer student.C)Find her accommodation on campus.D)Introduce her to her roommates.15.A)She has interests similar to Mr.Lee's.B)She has become friends with Catherine.C)She has chosen the major Catherine has.D)She has just transferred to the college.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D）．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.B)To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.C)To discover what most mice like to eat.D)To determine what feelings mice have.17.A)When they are hungry.B)When they are thirsty.C)When they smell food.D)When they want company.18.A)They search for food in groups.B)They are overweight when food is plenty.C)They prefer to be with other mice.D)They enjoy the company of other animals.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Its construction started before World War I.B)Its construction cost more than$40billion.C)It is efficiently used for transport.D)It is one of the best in the world.20.A)To improve transportation in the countryside.B)To move troops quickly from place to place.C)To enable people to travel at a higher speed.D)To speed up the transportation of goods.21.A)In the1970s.B)In the1960s.C)In the1950s.D)In the1940s.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)Chatting while driving.B)Messaging while driving.C)Driving under age.D)Speeding on highways.A)Digital leaning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework,take quizzes,and turn in homework As universities go digital,students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that's replacing-and sometimes joining-expensive textbooks:pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.B)The codes-which typically range in price from$80to$155per course give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson.These companies,which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers,have boasted that their new online offerings,when pushed to students through universities they partner with represent the future of the industry.C)But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos(观念)of the textbook business,and are even harder for students to opt out of.While they could once buy second-hand textbooks,or share copies with friends,the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.D)"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly(垄断),a new way to lock students around this system,"said Ethan Senack,the higher education advocate for the U.S.Public Interest Research Group,to BuzzFeed News."Rather than$250(for a print textbook)you're paying$120,"said Senack"But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through anE)Sarina Harpet,a19-year-old student at Virginia Tech,was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework.She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect,a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework,take exams and track their grades.But the code to access the program cost$120—a big sum for Harper,who had already put down$450for textbooks,and had rent day approaching.F)She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck,which was typically$150-$200,to pay for the code.She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result."It's a balancing act,"she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?"She didn't hand in her first two assignments for chemistry,which started her out in the class with a failing grade.G)The access codes may be another financial headache for students,but for textbook businesses,they're the future.McGraw Hill,which controls21%of the higher education market,reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in2015.The company said that45%of its$140million re venue in2015"was derived from digital products."H)A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that"digital materials are less expensive and a good investment"that offer new features,like audio texts,personalized knowledge checks and expert videos.Its digital course materials save students up to60%compared to traditional printed textbooks,the company added.McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment,but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that"in higher education,the era of the printed t extbook is now over."I)The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students."These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework,they offer all kinds of features,"David Anderson,the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers,told BuzzFeed News."It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments."J)David Hunt,an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University,which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments,told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes.But he doesn't require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments."I try to make things as inexpensive as possible,"said Hunt,who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum."The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control.The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most."K)A20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends$500-$600on access codes for class.In one case,the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook,just an access code to turn in homework.This year she said she spent$900on access codes to books and programs."That's two months of rent,"she said." You can't sell any of it back.With a traditional textbook you can sell it for$30-$50and that helps to pay for your new semester's books.With an access code,you're out of that money."L)Benjamin Wolverton,a19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina,told BuzzFeed News that"it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework."Many of the access codes he's purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes."Often it's only10%of your grade in class."he said."You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn't have it,it would affect your grades enough.It would be bad to start out at a B or C."Wolverton said he spent$500on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.M)Harper,a poultry(禽)science major,is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy anew access code to hand in her homework.She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about$20each.But her access codes for homework,which can't be rented or bought second-hand,were her most expensive purchases:$120and$85.N)She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,"she said."If you miss it,you just miss it.I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments.I managed to pull everything backup.But as a scared fresh man looking at their grades,it's not fun."36.A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.37.The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.38.If a student takes a course again,they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments.39.McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.40.Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products,which theybelieve will be the fu ture of the publishing business.41.One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.42.Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a publisher.43.One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.44.Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their students.45.Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the text book business.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary.We know the risk of dementia(痴呆症)increases with age.But if you have memory slips,you probably needn't worry.There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.After age50,it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people,places and things quickly,says Dr.Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.The brain ages just like the rest of the body.Certain parts shrink,especially areas in the brain that are important to learning,memory and planning.Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain.And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie,for example,is nothing to worry about.But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it,that's far more concerning,Daffner says.When you forget entire experiences,he says,that's"a red flag that something more serious may be involved."Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven,or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.But even then,Daffner says,people shouldn't panic.There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss,including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep,high blood pressure,or depression,as well as medications(药物)like antidepressants.You don't have to figure this out on your own.Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications,health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory.And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive(认知的)reserve,Daffner says."Read books,go to movies,take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways,"he says.In other words,keep your brain busy and working.And also get physically active,because exercise is a known brain booster.46.Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips?A)Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.B)They occur only among certain groups of people.C)Not all of them are related to one's age.D)They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.47.What happens as we become aged according to the passage?A)Our interaction skills deteriorate.B)Some parts of our brain stop functioning.C)Communication within our brain weakens.D)Our whole brain starts shrinking.48.Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?A)Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines.B)Inability to recall details of one's life experiences.C)Failure to remember the names of movies or actors.D)Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's friends.49.What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?A)Check the brain's cognitive reserve.B)Stop medications affecting memory.C)Turn to a professional for assistance.D)Exercise to improve their well-being.50.What is Dr.Daffner's advice for combating memory loss?A)Having regular physical and mental checkups.B)Taking medicine that helps boost one's brain.C)Engaging in known memory repair activities.D)Staying active both physically and mentally.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.A letter written by Charles Darwin in1875has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives(档案馆)by the FBI after being stolen twice."We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing,"says Effie Kapsalis,head of the Smithsonian Institution Archives."It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern(实习生),from what the FBI is telling us.Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter forresearch purposes,"and the intern put the letter back."The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it."Decades passed.Finally,the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, D.C.Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended.The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's property.The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist,Dr.Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden,for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.The letter is in fairly good condition,in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. "It was luckily in good shape,"says Kapsalis,"and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it.It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly,but nothing that will prevent us from using it.After it is repaired,we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online.One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online."It would now be difficult for an intern,visitor or a thief to steal a document like this."Archiving practices have changed greatly since the1970s,"says Kapsalis,"and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don't even have access to."51.What happened to Darwin's letter in the1970s?A)It was recovered by the FBI.B)It was stolen more than once.C)It was put in the archives for research purposes.D)It was purchased by the Smithsonian Archives.52.What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?A)They proved its authenticity.B)They kept it in a special safe.C)They arrested the suspect immediately.D)They pressed criminal charges in vain.53.What is Darwin's letter about?A)The evolution of Yellowstone National Park.B)His cooperation with an American geologist.C)Some geological evidence supporting his theory.D)His acknowledgement of help from a professional.54.What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?A)Reserve it for research purposes only.B)Turn it into an object of high interest.C)Keep it a permanent secret.D)Make it available online.55.What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?A)Growing interest in rare art objects.B)Radical changes in archiving practices.C)Recovery of various missing documents.D)Increases in the value of museum exhibits.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowe d30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
大工18秋《大学英语4》在线测试123(100分)
大工18秋《大学英语4》在线测试123(100分)答案:A1.XXX: who says what through which channel to whom。
2.Jean couldn't go to the concert last night because she was XXX。
3.He appeared to have been ill for a long time。
4.You should take advantage of this opportunity and try to make a good XXX。
5.As a public ns officer。
he is said to know some very XXX。
6.Would you rather I decided against buying a new bike。
7.I had XXX when I was in bed with a bad cold。
8.XXX。
9.It would be too risky to let your child go to school by himself.答案:C10.XXX的五岁孙女要求他戒烟，于是他决定要戒烟。
改写：XXX决定要戒烟，因为他的五岁孙女要求他这样做。
11.哲学系主任要求访问学者在XXX方面做一次演讲。
改写：哲学系主任请求访问学者做一次有关XXX的演讲。
12.我家到剧院只有100米，我们可以把车停在车库，步行前往。
改写：我们可以把车停在车库，因为我家离剧院只有短短的100米。
13.一位完全合格的________可以帮助不同的人克服语言障碍，像牛奶和水混合一样促进思想的交流。
改写：完全合格的________可以帮助不同的人克服语言障碍，从而实现思想的交流，就像牛奶和水混合一样。
14.如果医生早点来，可怜的孩子就不会躺在那里两个小时了。
改写：如果医生早点来，可怜的孩子就不会在那里躺两个小时了。
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Btwisted
Coverlooked
Dstayed
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
12.（单选题）Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking. (满分:)
Aaltered
Branged
Cseparated
Ddiffered
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
8.（单选题）Theretiredcoupleenjoy()photos.Theyalwaysgooutwiththeircameras (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
25.（判断题）Heinsistedthatweallbeinhisofficeatoneo’clock. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
Awalk;telling
Bentering;tospeak
Center;totell
Dwalking;talking
正确答案:[hide]——D——[/hide]
4.（单选题）You_______suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
22.（判断题）Ifithadrainedanothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
大工18春《大学英语4》在线测试1
一、单选题：
1.（单选题）Youarelate.Ifyou()afewminutesearlier,you()him. (满分:)
Acome;wouldmeet
Bhadcome;wouldhavemet
Ccome;willmeet
Amaynotmake
Bmightnotmake
Cshouldn'thavemade
Dmightnothavemade
正确答案:[hide]——D——[/hide]
5.（单选题）Iwouldneverhave_____acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate. (满分:)
Cwillspeak
Dtospeak
正确答案:[hide]——A——[/hide]
11.（单选题）I_________roundinmyseattospeaktoher,asaresultofwhichIwasscoldedbytheteacher. (满分:)
Abroughtin
Bbroughtdown
Cbroughtout
Dbroughtup
正确答案:[hide]——A——[/hide]
15.（单选题）__________anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately. (满分:)
AWilltherebe
BShouldtherebe
CTherewillbe
DThereshouldbe
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
16.（单选题）Professor,wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Ican't_________you. (满分:)
Cworks
Dwillhaveworked
正确答案:[hide]——D——[/hide]
10.（单选题）ItisimportantthatI()withMr.Williamsimmediately. (满分:)
Aspeak
Bspoke
Akeepupwith
Bputupwith
Cmakeupto
Dholdonto
正确答案:[hide]——A——[/hide]
17.（单选题）Statisticsare________toprovethedepthofpopularmisery:fallingrealwages,risingunemployment,andageneralcollapseoflivingstandards. (满分:)
29.（判断题）Althoughateenager,Fredcouldresistbeingtoldwhattodoandwhatnottodo. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
30.（判断题）Nearlyeverythinginourmodernworldisinfluencedbycomputertechnology. (满分:)
Atrade
Bbond
Cunit
Dfantasy
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
3.（单选题）Seeingtheirteacher()intotheclassroom,theystopped__()atonce. (满分:)
23.（判断题）Ifyousparehalfanhourforexerciseseverydayyou’llsoonbebackingoodcondition. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
24.（判断题）Youshouldknowbetterthantoplayvolleyballintheclassroom. (满分:)
Ashouldhaveknown
Bshouldn'tknow
Coughttoknew
Dwillbeknown
正确答案:[hide]——A——[/hide]
14.（单选题）Howmuchhasthecompany_________thisyear? (满分:)
Anevertodrive
Btoneverdrive
Cneverdriving
Dneverdrive
正确答案:[hide]——A——[/hide]
13.（单选题）Tom______betterthantoaskHarryforhelp. (满分:)
Alookedout
Bleftout
Ctookplace
Ddrewon
正确答案:[hide]——D——[/hide]
7.（单选题）Thepriceofbeer______from50centsto$4perliterduringthesummerseason. (满分:)
Aeasyenough
Benough
Ceasilyenough
Denougheasily
正确答案:[hide]——C——[/hide]
19.（单选题）Iamverygratefultoyoufor________led
Bgrabbed
Ccited
Dprojected
正确答案:[hide]——C——[/hide]
18.（单选题）AlthoughhedidnotknowLondonwell,hemadehisway________totheairport. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
Asoughtfor
Baccountedfor
Cturnedup
Dresortedto
正确答案:[hide]——D——[/hide]
6.（单选题）Mark'slatestwork________thelearningtheoriesofthe1980saswellashisownexperienceinteachingEnglishtoforeigners. (满分:)
BInspiteof
CIncaseof
DButfor
正确答案:[hide]——D——[/hide]
三、判断题：
21.（判断题）Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhewouldteachmehow. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
28.（判断题）ThisprincipleadvancingbyLeninremainsatruth. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——A——[/hide]
ATake
Btook
Ctotake
Dtaking
正确答案:[hide]——D——[/hide]
9.（单选题）Bynextyearhe_____inNewYorkforfiveyears. (满分:)
Ahasworked
Bhasbeenworking
26.（判断题）Youshouldhaveaplaninplaceforyourtimeanddon'twatchbeyondwhatyou'veplanned. (满分:)
A错误
B正确
正确答案:[hide]——B——[/hide]
27.（判断题）Peoplecantalktootherpeoplethroughtheinternet,whichofferseverythingfrommakingfreecallstoforeigncountriestodoingshopping. (满分:)