高中英语教资语音课知识点梳理

1.语调intonationAll right guys, it’s time to learn something new. (It is the intonation of disjunctive questions反义疑问句) Here are some words/sentences from the passage. Look at the blackboard. Please read the sentences and think about what they havein common. You can have a discussion with your partners. I will give you5 min. Here we go. Time’s up. Who would like to try? Mary, please. Yes, you find that all the sentences are questions. Yes, great, you are right. Let me explain more. All the sentences are disjunctive questions. There are two parts, for the first part here, we read it in a falling tone; and for the second part, we read it in a rising tone. For example “You’re new here, aren’t you? “ “You’re Tony, aren’t you?” “It’s really crowded here, isn’t it?”降调when to use falling tone1. declarative sentence陈述句I have already eaten the apple.2. special question特殊疑问句What color is the car?3. imperative sentence祈使句Go back to your seat.4. exclamatory sentence感叹句What a beautiful day!升调when to use rising tone1.general question一般疑问句Did you eat that apple?2.alternative question选择疑问句We have A,B and c.2.连读liaisonMy father was a self-taught mandolin player. He was one of the best string instrument players in our town. He could not read music, but if he heard a tune a few times, he could play it. When he was younger, he was a member of a small country music band. They would play at local dances and on a few occasions they would play for the local radio station. He often told us how he had auditioned and earned a position in a band that featured Patsy Cline as their lead singer. He told the family that after he was hired he never went back. Dad was a very religious man. He stated that there was a lot of drinking and cursing on the day of his audition and he did not want to be around that type of environment.Now who can read this passage for us? OK, Lily, please. Nice try! Anyone else? Jack, you please. Great! Which one do you think is better? Yes, Jack is better. Why? He reads it more fluently and naturally. Actually. Jack pays attention to liaison, which makes his reading much better. Guys, please, look at the blackboard: one of. We can pronounce the words as "one of”.(示范连读)Read after me, one of. Next, told us. We can pronounce the words as “told us”(示范连读) Read after me, told us. You can see it can be better if we read it with liaison, right? OK, now I will play the tape again, and you should read after it.In English, words are not pronounced one by one. Usually, the end of one word attaches to the beginning of the next word.1.Consonant & Vowel: Words are connected when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word starts with a vowel sound. My name is Ann. [my nay mi zaen]2.Consonant &Consonant: Words are connected when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word starts with a consonant that is in a similar position. I just didn't get the chance. [l juss didn't ge(t) the chance].3. Vowel & Vowel: When a word ending in a vowel sound is next to one beginning with a vowel sound, they are connected with a glide between the two vowels. I also need the other one. [ai(y)also need the(y)other one].3.失去爆破loss of plosiveBritish and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are no t used on the other side of the Atlantic,or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known Americans drive automobiles down free ways and fill up with gas; the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you preferred to get around the town by taxi(British) or cab (American).It's time to learn something new. Here are some sentences on the blackboard. Can you read it? How about the first one? Yes, (the first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary). And how about the second one? (Maybe you prefer to get around the town by taxi or by cab). Boys and girls, how can we make ourselves more native when we reading these sentences? Yes, we need to pay attention to the tones and link sounds. Why? Let me tell you. When we read the plosive sounds such as “/b/,/p/,/d/,/t/,/g/,/k/", we usually read them fast and gently. We call them "loss of plosive". But how about the rules of it? I will give you five minutes to discuss it. Later, I will invite some of you to show your ideas. Please start. Boys and girls, stop here! Who would like to show us your ideas? Alice, you please.Great! Alice says:"The first rule is when two plosives are together, the first one is always skipped. Like the phrase preferred to". Any other volunteers? Yes, Kevin.He said:”The second rule is that when plosive meets other vowels, we will not give a full sound. Like the phrases "first and most obvious." Wow, boys and girls,you all get the rules of it.4.意群和停顿sense group and pausePeople often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history. In the United State s, for example, many people remember w hat they were doing on April4,1968.This was one of the most important events in modern American history. On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed. Although some people may not remember who killed him, they remember what they were doing when they heard the news.Boys and girls, this time you read the sentence by yourselves first and then listen to the tape carefully.After that you need to tell me the differences be tween you and the tape. Clear? Let's begin. Em, class, do you find the differences? Elsa, you please. Wow, you said the tape pauses in some places. Bravo. Do you guys agree with her? Em, let's see the sentence together. Look at the blackboard. The tape pauses at remember doing events . So the sentence can be divided into four parts. They are "People often remember", " what they were doing", "when they heard the news of important events ""in history." Right? In English, we call it sense group. A sense group is a meaning unit. So how many sense groups does the sentence contain? Yeah, great, four! But, how do l divide sense group in a sentence? Can you guess? Yes,I heard some of you said "grammar" Hmm,Good guess.Any more? Ah,maybe punctuation. Yeah, exactly. You are so smart. Guys, look at PPT, we usually divide sense group from the following three aspects:grammar; meaning;and punctuation.So when we read a sentence, we should pause between sense groups. Got it?5.重音stressStress in words:In multi-syllable words, the stress falls on one of the syllables. The other syllables tend to be spoken quickly.Usually, we stress the first syllable of most 2 syllable nouns and adjectives. Like PICture/HUNgryTHIRSty.We stress the second syllable of most 2 syllable verbs. Like aLLOW/rePEAT.Three syllables: first syllable stressed: Energy/Operate/ORganize.second syllable stressed: meMORial/aSSUMPtion/caNAdianthird syllable stressed: employEE/japanESE/voluntEERWords that end in -cy, -ty, -phy, and -gy -al stress the third-from-end syllable:deMOcracy/PsyCHOlogy/creaTIvity/geOGraphy/phiLOsophyStress in sentences:Correct intonation and stress are the key to speak English fluently with good pronunciation. To begin, you need to understand which words we generally stress and which we do not stress.Stress words are considered content words such as: Nouns ( e.g., kitchen, Peter)/ (Most) main verbs (e.g., visit, construct)/ Adjectives (e.g., beautiful, interesting)/ Adverbs (e.g., often, carefully)Non-stressed words are considered function words such as: Determiners (e.g.,the, a, some, a few)/ Auxiliary (e.g., don’t, am, can, were)/ Preposition (e.g. before, next to, opposite)/ Conjunctions (e.g., but, while, as)/ Pronouns (e.g. they, she, us).*6.节奏rhythm stress+intonationIn phonetics, rhythm is the sense of movement in speech, marked by the stress, timing, and quantity of syllables. In poetics, rhythm is the alternation of strong and weak elements in the flow of sound and silence in sentences or lines of verse.*7.同化assimilationAssimilation is a phonological process in which two sounds that are different become more alike.。