高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义

学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。

1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。常用的语境法有：①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。

例1：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...

Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...

26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Listing completely.

B. Directing professionally.

C. Promoting successfully.

D. Watching carefully.

【分析】本文是新闻报道。好莱坞流行使用真的动物参与电影拍摄，而这些动物没有得到很好的对待，由此引发了动物权益保护主义者们的关注。26. 本题应选D项。划线部分前面的定语从句解释了非营利组织的工作：监督在电影拍摄过程中动物是被如何对待的，故可推知划线部分与“监督”相关，故选D项。②通过例子猜测词义。用于

举例的单词或短语有like, including, such as, for example, for instance等。

例2：（2020年高考英语北京卷D篇）

Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. ...

42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Enormous in quantity.

B. Changeable daily.

C. Stable in quality.

D. Present everywhere.

【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了人工智能的发展，包括现在人工智能的缺陷以及发展通用人工智能的前景。42. 本题应选D项。划线单词后面用For example引出三个例子具体解释了划线单词所在句，我们可以据此来判断ubiquitous的含义。三个例子分别提到了financial markets（金融方面）、self-driving cars（交通方面）和language （语言方面）。由此可知，第一句强调人工智能的影响范围广，在生活中“随处可见”，故选D项。③通过对比关系猜测词义。用于表示对比关系的单词或短语有but, however, although, while, yet, even though, contrary to, in contrast to, instead of, in spite of, on the other hand等。

例3：（2020年新高考英语全国I卷D篇）

According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid....13. What does the underlin ed word “beanpoles” in paragraph

1 refer to?A. Big eaters.

B. Overweight persons.

C. Picky eaters.

D. Tall thin persons.

【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究。

13. 本题应选D项。根据划线单词所在句中的contrary to可知，划线单词应与heavier