科技英语写作第二讲-数词和介词

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With
1."with + 某些抽象名词"等效于与这些名词所 对应的副词,但语气更强。 这些实验应仔细的做。 These experiments should be done with care. 这个参数可以精确地加以测量。 This parameter can be measured with accuracy. with rapidity = rapidly
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With
6. 构成“with 结构”,在句中作状语和后置定语。 由于存在阻力,一部分功率以热能形式被损掉了。 With resistance present, a part of power had been lost as heat. 圆心在远点,半径为a的圆的方程为x2+y2=a2。 The equation to the circle with its center at the origin and of radius a is x2+y2=a2.
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The usage of numerals
2.表示倍数增长的句型 (2) increase by n times 增加了n 倍 increase n times increase n fold 增加到n倍;增加了(n-1)倍 increase by a factor of n e.g. In this case, both the pulse spacing and the group length are increased 8 times. 在这种情况下,脉冲间隔及脉冲组长度均增加了七倍。 In this case, both the pulse spacing and the group length are increased by 8 times. 在这种情况下,脉冲间隔及脉冲组长度均增加了八倍。
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Exercise
将下列的句子译成英语,注意正确的使用数词。 1.该电路中的电流为电源的短路电流的一半。 2.这种蓄电池的内阻仅为零点零零几欧姆。 3.其误差为6/1012。 4.这台计算机储存的信息比那台多3倍。 5.月球的质量为地球的1/81。 6.不久的将来对这种设备的需求量将为现在的20倍。 7.这个元件上的电压为零点几伏特。 8.现在其内部的压力是原来的1/3。
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The expression of fractional numerals
(2)a/an +序数词 +part /per (=in a ) + 数词 或 in + 阿拉伯数字
例如:百万分之三 a third part in 106 或 a third part in a million 千分之七 a seventh part in 103 或 a seventh part in a thousand
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Prepositions
Of With By For On In Over
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Of
2. of表示“在...之中”,其后要接可数名词复 数。 所有这些仪表中,这一台最贵。 Of all these instruments, this one is the most expensive. 在新增加的三章中,第一章论述脉冲和数据通 讯,第二章讲解雷达,第三章介绍电视。 Of these three new chapters, the first treats pulse and data communications, the next covers radar, and the last one introduces television.
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The expression of fractional numerals
2、用于表示“零点几(十分之几)”、“零点零几 (百分之几)”等比较小且数值不确定时的公式为:
分子(a few/ several) /分母(tenths, hundredt hs, thousandths等)
分数表示法+of a/an +单位(单数形式)
例如:这药丸重零点零几克。 This pill weighs a few hundredths of a gram. 只要使VBE变化零点零几伏,就可以使基极电流发生明显的 变化。 By varying VBE only a few hundredths of a volt, the base current can be changed significantly.
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Of
5. 在ability,tendency等名词后引出一种特殊的 “不定是复合结构”作后置定语。 各种物质的导热能力差异很大。 These are wide differences in the ability of various substances to conduct heat. 万有引力就是所有物体相互吸引的趋势。 Gravity id the tendency of all objects to attract, and be attracted by , each other.
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With
2. with与vary, change, increase, decrease等动词连 用时可表示“随着”之意。 船速随着水的阻力的增大而减小。 The boat's speed decreases with the increase in water resistance. 半导体的导电率随着温度的变化而变化。 The conductivity of a semiconductor varies with temperature.
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Of
4. of后面的名词是前面名词(来自于不及物动词)的逻辑主语或 者(名词来源于及物动词)逻辑宾语。 物体对净力F的反应就是正比于F的加速度a。 The response of a body to a net force F is an acceleration a proportional to F. 我们用椭圆来描述行星绕太阳运行的情况。 Ellipses are used to describe the motions of the planets around the sun. 我们都很熟悉把速度定义为距离与时间之比。 The definition of speed as the ratio of distance to time is familiar to all of us. 应避免人体接触有潜在毒性的物质。 Expose of the body to potentially toxic substances should be avoided.
1、一般表达法的公式为: 分子(用基数词)/分母(用序数词,分子超过1时要 用复数) 例如:三分之一 one third 九分之八 eight ninths 四分之三 three quarters/three fourths 注意:二分之一,英美人习惯用"a half 或者one half", 而不用"one second".
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Exercise
1.The current in the circuit is one half the short-circuit of the source. 2.The internal resistance of this kind of storage battery is only a few thousandths of an ohm. 3.Its error is six parts in 1012. 4.This computer stores four times more information than that one does. 5.The mass of the moon is 1/81 that of the earth. 6.The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is. 7.The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt. 8.Now its internal pressure is one third what it was. 14
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The usa来自百度文库e of numerals
1.数词在句子中作前置修饰语(即数词修饰名词)时的句型
倍数 + 分数
the + 名词 that + 后置定语(多为of短语) what从句
例如: 月球的体积约为地球的1/4。 The moon is about one quarter the size of the earth. 不久的将来,对这种设备的需求量将为目前的20倍。 The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it was. 铝的导电率为铜的1.6倍。 The conductivity of aluminum is 1.6 times that of copper.
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Introduction to numerals
所谓数词,包括我们常见的基数词, 序数词,时间,年代等,除此之外,本 节我们要给大家介绍一下科技英语中分 数和倍数的表示方法以及数词的一些用 法。
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天津理工大学
The expression of fractional numerals
Scientific English Writing
EST Yuan Yongkang
Contents
1 2
Numerals Prepositions
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Numerals
Introduction to numerals The expression of fractional numerals The usage of numerals
e.g. 零点几(即:十分之几) a few tenths 零点零几(百分之几) a few hundredths 零点零零几(千分之几) a few thousandths
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The expression of fractional numerals
注意:如果分数后有单位,则要用如下公式:
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The expression of fractional numerals
3、用于表示“千分之....”,“万分之.....”,“百万分之.....” 等比较小的且数值确定的公式有以下两种: (1)基数词 + parts(基数词为1时用单数)/ per (= in a)+数词 或 in +阿拉伯数字 例如: 百万分之七 seven parts in a million (per million) 或者 seven parts in 108 千分之三 three parts per thousand (=in a thousand) 或者 three parts in 103
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The usage of numerals
2.表示倍数增长的句型 (1) n times +比较级 = n times as 原级 as 注意:在用英语表达“**比**增长了*倍”时,英语 需在汉语的基础上增加一倍。 例如:这只箱子比那只重5倍。 This box is six times heavier than that one. 这句话还可以译成“这只箱子重是那只箱子的6倍”。 质子的重量为电子的1840倍。 A proton is 1840 times heavier than an electron. 这句话还可以译为 “质子的重量比电子重1839倍”。 这个电压时加给放大器的信号的80倍。 This voltage is 80 times the signal applied to the amplifier.
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