考研英语语法之虚拟语气

虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句条件句分两种：一种是真实条件句，一种是虚拟条件句。

虚拟条件句，即指在一个虚拟假想的条件下来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景是不可能发生的，与客观事实相反。

在这种条件句中，从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。

虚拟条件句一般用if，unless (if not)，lest来引导。

表示虚拟的时间从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式would/should/might/could + do 现在过去式didwould/should/might/could + have donehad done 过去完成时过去would/should/might/could + dowere to do/should do将来If I have enough money, I will go to the zoo with you.If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you.If I should have enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup Tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are most likely tohave been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have theoption of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping the line.二、wish、if only的虚拟用法（wish引导宾语从句，if only引导感叹句）与现在相反过去式didIf only ( = I wish) my friend was healthy!If only ( = I wish) he had talked过去完成时had done to her sooner! 与过去相反If only ( = I wish) they would stop making would do与将来相反过去将来时nuclear bombs!At the second home, the son of the other woman who had gone said, “If only I hadn't insistedon my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today.”三、would rather引导的宾语从句的虚拟用法would rather意为“宁愿、宁可”，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。

would rather有时也写作would sooner，would just as soon。

与现在或将来相反过去式didI'd rather you were not involved in the case.I'过去完成时had done与过去相反d rather that you hadn't told me about it.1四、as if、as though引导的方式状语从句Summerasitis,itseems asifitwer did与现在相过去spring.Nobodyevertouchedthismachinebutithad done过去完成与过去相operates as if it had been repaire.Some days go by much more quickly than表示将来的可能性不过去将来would doothers.Somehoursseem asifheywouldnever end.If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were theone being corrected.Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if theywere being treated like disposable goods.as if / as though 也可不用于虚拟语气，而用陈述语气，表示事实有很大的可能性。

这种情况常用在look, seem, appear, taste, smell, sound等后。

It seems as if the boy has lost his way.There were clouds in the sky; it looks as if it is going to rain.五、建议性虚拟语气建议性虚拟语气以suggest的用法为典型代表，用于表示建议、要求、命令等语气。

其形式采用should + 动词原形，其中should可省略。

We desire that the tour leader inform desire, prefer; desirable, preferable; desire,us immediately of any change in表愿望preference, wish, hopeplans.advise, propose, suggest, recommend;He suggested we go to tomorrow'sadvisable, proposed, suggestive; advice,表建议exhibition together.proposal, suggestion, motionrequest,maintain, oblige, ask, beg, insist,表要that he (should) 求s urge; insistent, urgent, requested; Mike'uncle insists require,请求in this hotel. insistence, maintenances, request, not stay requirement, urge, petitionAs Commander-in-chief of the armed command, decree, dictate, direct, order,表命令all I have directed that stipulate; command, decree, dictation, forces,for our defense. direction, order, stipulation measures be taken decisive,determine, resolve; decide, besmoking no It is decided that 表决定resolved, decided; decision, determination,in the classroom.allowed resolution),示意intend, arrange, deserve, motion( leave has been arranged that they It 表其他promising, arranged, inevitable;promise; the following day.arrangement, intention, promiseRecent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children –disabled or not –to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to providethat education.2Smith recommends that, whenever possible, you schedule a dental appointment or other discomforting events in the morning so you don't spend the whole day worrying about it.The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.补充拓展：Suggest当“建议”讲时，后面的宾语从句要Her face suggested (表明)that she was ill. So Isuggested (建议）that she should be sent用虚拟语气；当“暗示”、“略微透露”、“表to thenearest hospital immediately.明”讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气Insist当“坚决要求”、“硬要”讲时，后面Tom insisted (坚决要求) Mike should apologize 的宾语从句用虚拟语气。

当“坚持说”讲时，to his teacher, but Mike insisted (坚持说) that he 不用虚拟语气。

was not wrong at all.Theories concerning the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior becausethey were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminalbehavior through interactions with others.六、情态动词表虚拟语气However hard it may rain, we shall have to go. 表目的、让步may/might, He died in order that others might be saved.may/might have done; He might have given you help, however busy he was. 表示推测，可能已经，或许已经Had he worked harder, he would have got through the could/would have done exams.表示本来能够做却没有做If he were wise, he should have come to see me.have should/ought to done;shouldn't/oughtn't have done You ought to have been more careful in thisexperiment.//本不应做却没做做了表示本应做neednt' have doneThere was plenty of time. She needn't have hurried.表示本来没必要做却做了The current state of affairs may have been encouraged –though not justified –by the lack oflegal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?七、含蓄虚拟条件句He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have otherwise, ortelephoned him.Nelson could have won the fight, with a little more training and a with, without better manager.but forour destination in time. But for the fog, we would have reached in the past, in sb's the same thing.A man in his position might have done positionthe leadership of a less experienced person, the experiment Under under要是在…的情况下. would have failed 3.in case it (should) sno in caseThe game will be postponediven (that) more time, I would have been able to finish the test.Give provided (taht)oncondition The guards allow the tourists to go into the woodson condition that harm to the animals. that they (should) not dwould not suppose/supposing (that)Suppose/supposing that there were no gravity, objectsto ground when dropped.假fall Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be.Without the prospect of such a monopoly, it is widely believed, there would be a diminished motivation to invent, and in the long run society as a whole would suffer from a slower rate of technological advance.从句结构中的虚拟语气It is/was…+that八、important, crucial, vital, essential, imperative 表重要necessary, essential, obligatory, compulsory 表必要appropriate, fair, just, right, proper, reasonable表正确surprising, astonishing, amazing, shocking, strange, odd 表惊奇alarming, tragic 表警惕frightening, dreadful 表害怕annoying, irritable, lamentable表生气discouraging, disconcerting, disappointing 表失望a pity, a shame, regretted, deplorable 表懊悔perplexing, bewildering表困惑anxious, concerned, eager, urgent, keen表着急incredible, unthinkable, embarrassing, upsetting, ridiculous其他Apollo of the study of the results some is appropriate that time be devoted to thorough Itmission.It is unthinkable that they should have denied my request.九、其他句型中的虚拟语气my it would be about time that I buried(high/about) time If I were in a movie, then It ishead in my hands for a cry. that + 一般过去式We spoke in whispers for fear (that) we might wake the roommate. for fear that以免The heroes gave their lives in order that we might live a happy in order that life.I did this so that we might have a couple of weeks to prepare my so that paper.behind.lest she (should) lag She always studies hard lest4虚拟语气练习：The changes that have taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientist at the turn of the 19th century.He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing himto think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.5。