牛津上海版英语八上各单元知识梳理

牛津上海版英语八上各单元知识梳理Unit 1 Penfriends ⅠWords: 1. penfriend 笔友pen pal2. magazine 杂志 a literary magazine 文学杂志women’s magazine 妇女杂志→n. magazinist 期刊编辑3. hobby 业余爱好4. chess 国际象棋chessman 棋子(pl. chessmen) chessboard 棋盘5. own 拥有own up 承认错误owner 所有者物主业主6. good/well—better---best7. architect 建筑师architecture 建筑学8. nearby adv. 在附近不远adj. 附近的邻近的9. keen adj. 热心的渴望的敏锐的灵敏的Keenly adv.敏锐地keenness n. 敏锐10. ambition 雄心抱负be full of ambition 野心勃勃ambitious adj. 有雄心的11. enclose 附上ⅡPhrases 1. at the end 在………的末端2. be keen on 热心于做热衷于………3. play chess 下象棋4. twelve years old5. a boy called Tom 一个名叫Tom 的男孩a boy named Tom a boy with the name Tom6. best wishes 最好的祝愿7. by +交通工具= take +a/an +交通工具8. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人别做某事9. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事like doing sth. mind /practice/finish/10. speak /tell /say/talk say 说述说speak 说话发言电话来时用speaking talk 说谈话of/about tell 告诉讲述ⅢSentence 1. make it +adj. for sb. to do sth. it 形式宾语2. sth. +be+ to do 动词不定式做表语3. I hope you will write to me soon . 我希望你尽快给我回信hope 有可能实现的愿望wish 不大可能实现的愿望hope to do 希望做某事wish sb. to do 希望某人做……..ⅣGrammar Ⅰquestion words (疑问词) what、who(whom) / whose/which/when/where/how/why how many/much/long/far/soon/fast/often/ how many timesⅡ冠词 1.不定冠词a/an的用法“不见“原因”（发元音）别施“恩”（an）特殊案例：前需要加a 的：university a usual book Europe 欧洲European 欧洲人one-day trip 需要加an 的：unhappy + n. uncle unusual + n.2. 定冠词the的用法特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起。

世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。

某些专有名词，还有复数姓氏。

序数词最高级，习惯用语牢记。

特殊案例：a bright moon4. 零冠词的用法“以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭,名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前”特殊案例：a good breakfastUnit 2 ⅠWords 1. whizz-kid 神童优等生n. 顶部顶端盖顶盖2. several adj.＆pron. 几个少许 3. successful adj. 成功的adj. unsuccessful 不成功的succeed v.成功success n. 成功be successful in 在……..上成功4．Business n. 买卖生意商业businessman 商人生意人（男pl. businessmen）businesswoman (女)商人(pl. businesswomen )5．luckily 幸运地adv. 反义词：unluckily luck n.幸运运气lucky adj. 幸运的6．popular adj.受欢迎的流行的unpopular adj.不受欢迎的be popular with 受到………的欢迎/喜爱7. sell 卖出售sell out 售完全部出售seller n. 卖者卖方8．over adv. 超过多于more than 9.manager n. 经理管理人manage v. 管理经营pany 公司（事业business或贸易trade活动而集结的团体）business n.盈利为目的的商业活动商店或场所firm 合伙公司11．responsible adj. 有责任的负责人的irresponsible 不负责任的be responsible for 对………负责12．sale 销售出售、大减价for sale 待售出售13．discuss v.讨论discussion n. 讨论discuss with sb. 和某人谈话和某人讨论14．simple 简单的简易的（单一不复杂）easy 不难15．achieve v. 完成到达achievement n. 成绩功绩16．fail v. 失败failure n. 失败不及格17．collect v.领走接走收藏收集collection n. 收藏品collect 有目的的或有挑选的收集gather有少到多的收集18．return v. 返回回到return sth. to sb. / give sth. back to sb. 把某物还给某人19．attend 出席join 加入（组织）join in 参加某些活动take part in 参加（群众性具体活动会议等）enter for 报名参加（比赛项目）20．assist v. 帮助n. assistant 助手assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事help sb. (to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事21. continue 继续连续延续ⅡPhrases 词组1．get up 起床get on 上车get off 下车get back 返回2．Put on (强调动作) take off 脱下wear (强调状态) in+ 衣服名词/ 颜色with 眼镜手套之类的（不可与衣服搭配） 3.over breakfast 吃早餐时 4.work on 从事……..的研究out of work 失业at work 在工作 a piece of work 一份工作work out 解决找到答案 a job 一分工作 5.make phone calls 打电话telephone sb. call sb. make a phone call to sb. call sb. up 6．On the way 在路上on one’s way (to )在…….的路上In the/one’s way to 挡在……路上7．twice a week 一周两次once a week three times a week 8. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事ask sb. not to do 要求某人不要做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事tell sb. not do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事9．have dinner with sb. 与某人共进晚餐10. continue doing sth. 继续做某事（该件事情已经做了一部分继续做相同的事情）continue to do sth. 继续做某事（从一件事情到另外一件事情）Tom will continue to do his homework after dinner . Tom will continue doing his homework for another two hours . ⅢSentences 句子 1. must be 一定(对现在情况的肯定猜测) can’t be 不可能是（对现在情况的否定猜测）2. one of the + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数“最……..之一”（谓语动词三人称单数）3. before 在……之前the day before yesterday 前天the day after tomorrow 后天(1) before 在…..前面在……之前after在…..之后(2) before 从过去某时间的“以前”那时以前ago 以现在为基准（现在以前） 4.because 因为（后接句子）because of 因为ⅣGrammar (一) 一般现在时(二) 频度副词always =all the time usually /often= many times sometimes ---less than often more than seldom seldom —not many times never—at no time Unit3 ⅠWords 1. trouble n. 麻烦困难困境v. 麻烦烦扰请求使烦恼ask sb. to do sth. ( What’s the trouble with sb. ? / What’s wrong with sb. ? / What’s the matter with sb.? ) 2. happen v. 出现发生happen to sb./sth. 成为某人/某事的体验或命运；降临到某人/某事的头上happen to be /do 恰巧碰巧happen / take place (不可用于被动语态) happen 强调偶然性take place 强调必然性或计划性3. argue v.争吵n. argument4. hold v. 拿握容纳举行开会5. crowd 人群 a big crowd of people 一大群人adj. crowded 拥挤的6. stare v. 凝视盯视注视stare at 盯着盯住7. through 穿过通过从开始到结束自始自终因为接通电话They drove through the tunnel . Can you put me through to Tom ,please ? They walked through the whole night ! The boy got the job through his father . through / across / over / by through: 一边进入一边穿出across 从一边倒另一边over 从一边倒另一边必须横跨跨越by 从边上经过8. steal v. 偷盗steal sth. from sb. n. theft 偷盗窃罪rob 抢rob sb. of sth.9. notice 注意察觉警告通知notice sb. do sth . 注意某人干好某事I notice him walk into the room . I notice that he came into the room . notice sb. doing sth. 注意某人正在干某事I notice him eating impolitely. I notice that him was eating impolitely. 9. follow v. 跟随领会理解n. follower 追随者adj. 随后的10. hurry adv. 匆忙地n.. 匆忙in a hurry / hurried 匆忙11. aboard 在(飞机火车轮船等上) on aboard 到船上在船上12. afraid adj. 害怕的be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事不敢做某事 a frightened person 一个担惊受怕的人be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事（会引起某种后果）be afraid of sth. 害怕某事/某物be afraid +that 从句13. detail 细节枝节详情（pl.）in detail 详细地14. as :当…….时候when / whileShe hasn't decided whether to go or not．她还没有决定去还是不去。