2017_2018学年高中英语大题精做04Globalwarming含解析新人教版

Unit 4 Global warmingI. 完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。

Today the scientific community is in almost total agreement that the earth’s climate is changing and that this represents a huge threat to the planet and to us. According to a survey, with only 69% accepting the earth is warming— only 1/4 Americans see global warming as a major threat, public opinion 1 the scientific conclusion.Climate scientists and campaigners have long debated how to better communicate the message to nonexperts so that climate science can be 2 into action. According to Christopher Rapley, the usual tactic(策略) of climate experts to provide the public wit h information isn’t 3 because ＂it does not address key potential causes.＂ We are all exposed to the evidence of climate change on an almost a daily basis. The information is almost 4 .Then what’s wrong? 5 our brains.Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains’ failure to accurately notice gradual change. Robert Gifford also __6__ the point about our brains’ difficulty in grasping climate change because of limited cognition and social __7__ with other people (＂Why should we change if X won’t?＂) .＂ A more powerful barrier is the 8 of perceived(感知的) be havioral control; ‘I’ m only one person; what can I do ?’ is certainly a big one.＂ For many, the first challenge will be in recognizing barriers 9 they can overcome them.But for those of us who understand that climate change is a problem yet make little effort to cut the number of overseas trips we make or the amount of meat we consume, neither the uncaring attitude nor denial really explains the 10 between our actions and beliefs. Lertzman has come to the conclusion that the conflict between __11 _ both the planet and our way of life is too painful to bear. ＂When we don’t 12 the pain of that, that’s when we get 13 andcan’t move forward.＂Lertzman refers to this 14 as ＂environmental melancholia(忧郁症),＂ and points out that there’s a lot to be said for providing a means 15 acceptable to talk about.＂Rosemary Randall suggests that climate change is such a(n) 16 subject that it ＂can raise fears and anxieties that people feel have no 17 in polite conversation.＂Lertzman says the community has been slow to realize the value of psychology. Gifford says otherwise, __18__ —＂climate change, and not mental health, is the biggest psychological problem＂.Despite the pain, shame, difficulty in fully addressing climate change, both Lertzman and Gifford are still __19__ about our ability to face up to the challenge. ＂There can’t be anything about the human mind that stops us struggling with these issues given that so many people 20 are —maybe that’s wh at we should be focusing on instead.＂ says Lertzman.1. A. accounts for B. falls behind C. wishes forD. leaves behind2. A. translated B. sprung C. forcedD. sent3. A. revolutionary B. detailed C. popularD. enough4. A. unreliable B. unbearable C. unacceptableD. unavoidable5. A. Submit B. Control C. BlameD. Curse6. A. picks up on B. gets down to C. throws back onD. looks up to7. A. connections B. comparisons C. competenceD. development8. A. sense B. problem C. lack D. effect9. A. if B. though C. beforeD. since10. A. relationship B. disagreement C. gapD. balance11. A. caring about B. taking on C. fighting againstD. putting away12. A. feel B. process C. remember D. hide13. A. hit B. puzzled C. stuckD. stressed14. A. conflict B. event C. hesitationD. inability15. A. socially B. environmentally C. culturallyD. morally16. A. complex B. controversial C. awkwardD. disturbing17. A. idea B. goal C. placeD. choice18. A. somehow B. however C. thereforeD. either19. A. optimistic B. concerned C. cheerfulD. encouraged20. A. equally B. still C. especiallyD. alreadyII. 阅读理解A（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all butimpossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. It’s delicate.B. It’s expensive.C. It’s complex. .D. It’s portable.2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.3. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheet’s center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheetBIts most keen advocates say that global warming is gradually ruining our parts of our planet. But the effects of the phenomenon might be felt more positively a little closer to home, after scientists claimed that it would make flowers smell sweeter.Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant than they currently produce, according to a report. It says that a temperature increase of between 1℃ and 5℃ will vastly increase the ability of flowers to produce their sweet smells.The study suggests that plants are able to produce more terpenes (萜烯) — the chemicals that give them their smells —in hotter conditions. Despite the environmental risk linked to climate change, the effect on flowers could also help bee populations as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate. It also found that the effect could be more significant in cooler countries such as the UK and would have a strong impact on fruit trees.The findings come as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being "tricked" into blooming early.Guy Barter described the findings as interesting and said it could have a significant effect on lightly scented flowers. "We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels, but there are more delicate potential effects which we have not thought about," he said.Last year, experts warned the average global temperature had risen by 0.5℃ in 50 years. They predicted temperatures will increase by 3℃ over the next century, causing a rise in sea levels, flooding, disease outbreaks and mass migration of refugees (难民).The researchers looked at a variety of plants. In the paper the researchers said, "The species with the highest increases in emissions were those with the lowestfragrance rates. The increases calculated for floral terpene emissions show that very significant increases in the amount of floral scents will likely occur in a warmer world. The rates of floral terpene emission by the end of the century could increase 0.34—9.1 times because of a 5℃increase in the average maximum temperature during the flowering peak of the season."5. We can infer from the text that in England .A. plants bore more fruits in autumn this yearB. the seasons weren’t in order this whole yearC. the autumn of this year was a little coolerD. plants began to produce flowers early in autumn this year6. What Barter said indicates that .A. every coin has two sidesB. a miss is as good as a mileC. don’t claim to know what you don’t knowD. don’t put the cart before the horse7. The last paragraph implies that in hotter conditions .A. plants will have the lowest fragrance ratesB. plants will send more sweeter chemicalsC. plants will suffer the rising temperatureD. plants will finish their flowering peak soon8. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Will plants produce more chemicals in the future?B. Is it easier to find sweeter flowers everywhere?C. Could global warming make flowers smell sweeter?D. Do flowers smell stronger in the cold temperature?Ⅲ. 语法填空Walking down the city streets, you look up and see 1 red telephone box. Behind it, on the road, a big red double-floor bus passes by, 2 (carry) citizens and tourists. This is London. And the red is what the city is famous 3 .Modern transportation has changed the way we lead our lives. One important means of transport has been the bus. In London, buses take on a bigger role. They are used to visit the city. Red tourist buses have open 4 (roof), which let people take photos, have an amazing view of the city and enjoy 5 (them) as they drive past Big Ben, the Thames and so on.But how did the bus become unique to London culture? Horse-drawn buses enjoy a history of more than 180 years. They 6 (use) in London since 1829. By the early 20th century, motor-buses were driving around London. Bus companies used different colors at the time. One of the 7 (big) companies chose red because the bright colour made 8 easy for the citizens to pick out the bus. In 1933, when London transport was grouped into a single company, they chose the most 9 (wide)used color at the time-red.And so the color red stayed in London. But it was in the mid-1950s 10 the red double-floor was born. Its name is the Routemaster. Built between 1954 and 1968, they still look traditional. Like they have been frozen in time.Ⅳ. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。