华北电力大学科技英语翻译汇总题库
科技英语翻译期末试题
EST TranslationⅠ. Put the following sentences into Chinese. (3’×10=30’)1.It is of great interest to study the three laws of motion.2.V oltage is equal to current multiplied by resistance.3.This battery, properly used, may last for a long time.4.It takes about 8 minutes for sunlight to reach the earth.5.The function of an antenna is to transmit or receive radio waves.6.The design and implementation of programming languages has been more art than science.7.Of all physical properties of matter, electrical resistance perhaps shows the greatest range of values.8.We are told by Ohm’s law that the current in a circuit is proportional to the applied voltage.9.This force can be resolved into two components, one of them vertical and the other horizontal.10.Potential energy is capable of being readily changed into kinetic energy.Ⅱ. Put the following sentences into English. (3’×10=30’)1.速度等于路程除以时间。
科技英语翻译考题整理
【科技英语翻译】考题整理1、The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before,这种被视为废物的辐射使 X 射线科学发声了一场革命:它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西,这一放大率比以往提高了 100 万倍。
2、If we had known the properties of the material, we should have made full use of it. 要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话,我们就会充分利用它了。
3 、Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly without being oiled. 机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。
4 、Cool slowly to minimize cracking. 要慢慢冷却,以最大限度的减少开裂。
5、Don`t let the stresses inside the material exceed the elastic limit, or else permanent deformation will result.不要使材料的应力超过弹性极限,否则会产生永久变形。
6 、Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
7 、Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。
科技英语翻译练习总结(理工类)
科技英语翻译练习总结(理工类)练习1An electron beam weapon can damage or melt its target by the electrical resistance heating of the target because of the Ohm law.参考译文:根据欧姆定律,电子束武器可以借助电阻加热目标,破坏或熔化所攻击的目标。
,Such a slow compression carries the gas through a series of states,each of which is very nearly an equilibrium state and it is called a quasi-static or a ‘nearly static ‘process.参考译文:这样的缓慢压缩过程能够使这种气体经历各种状态,各种状态都很接近于平衡状态,所以称为准静态过程,或“近似静态”过程。
,静电、静力Standard temperature observations are made inthermometer shelters about 5 feet above the ground参考译文:标准气温测定是在离地面5英尺左右的百叶箱中进行的。
连词并列连接词and(和?)Certain materials such as silver and copper have many free electrons. And some materials have particularly no free electrons参考译文:有些材料比如银和铜有很多自由电子而有些材料几乎没有自由电子。
When EMF(电动势) is applied across the ends of a wire, many free electrons progress along the wire and current results.参考译文:电动势加在导线两端时,许多自由电子沿导线运动,于是/从而/所以就产生了电流We can go one step further and take the non zero slope of the actual curves into account.参考译文:我们可以更进一步将真实曲线的非零斜率考虑在内。
华北理工大学《科技翻译》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷
华北理工大学《科技翻译》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷《科技翻译》考试内容:《科技翻译》;考试时间:120分钟;满分:100分;姓名:——;班级:——;学号:——一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 科技翻译中,最注重的原则是:A. 忠实原文B. 流畅表达C. 文化适应性D. 创意性翻译2. 下列哪项不属于科技文献的常见类型?A. 学术论文B. 技术手册C. 文学作品D. 专利文件3. 在翻译科技术语时,最优先的参考资源是:A. 字典B. 网络搜索C. 专业术语库D. 直觉判断4. 被动语态在科技英语中广泛使用,主要是为了:A. 增加语言美感B. 强调动作执行者C. 强调动作本身D. 节省篇幅5. 科技翻译中处理长难句的有效策略不包括:A. 断句分译B. 意译替代直译C. 生硬直译D. 调整语序6. 专利翻译要求极高的准确性,因为错误的翻译可能导致:A. 法律纠纷B. 误解技术细节C. 审美差异D. 以上都是7. 科技翻译中,数字、单位和符号的翻译应遵循:A. 原文格式B. 目标语言习惯C. 任意变换D. 两者结合,确保准确8. 哪个领域的翻译特别注重精确性和一致性,以避免技术误解?A. 文学翻译B. 法律翻译C. 科技翻译D. 商务翻译9. 下列哪项不是科技翻译前的准备工作?A. 了解背景知识B. 确定翻译风格C. 查找专业术语D. 精通目标语言10. 科技翻译中的“信、达、雅”原则中,“信”指的是:A. 语言流畅B. 风格优雅C. 忠实原文D. 创意表达二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 科技翻译的核心任务是准确传递原文中的_____和_____信息。
2. 在处理科技文献中的图表和公式时,翻译者需确保它们的_____和_____在译文中得到保留。
3. 科技术语的翻译应遵循_____原则,即术语在相同或相关领域中的翻译应保持一致性。
4. 科技翻译中的“达”要求译文表达清晰、_____,便于读者理解。
科技英语翻译考试题目
Part I: Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. (15%)1. ____________________(爱因斯坦相对论)is the only one which can explain such phenomena.2. Rate of penetration was found to ____________________ (与……成正比) the net pressure applied by the tool.3. Being a ______________(非良导体/绝缘体), rubber is often used in cables.4. Properly speaking, ___________(并非所有的物质) exist in three states.5. An electric current produces ______________(磁场) around it.6. With the result of automation, productivity has ______________ (增加了5倍) in that factory.7. Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current ______________(仅次于银).8. The neutron has __________________(既不带正电荷,也不带负电荷).9. When the water temperature is increased, it vaporized more quickly until it reaches ________(沸点).10. A __________(变压器) is a very useful device, even though it can be sued only with alternating current.Part Ⅱ: Choose the better rendition for each of the following sentences.(20%)1.由于我在会上发表论文,如蒙介绍有关会议的详细情况,不胜感激。
科技英语翻译练习3
科技英语翻译练习3---转换法puters can provide analyses of every operation in a factory.计算机可以为工厂里的每一步操作进行数据分析。
2.We must place stress on the prevention of diseases.我们必须更加强调疾病的预防。
3.The test piece shall be of length suitable for the apparatus being used.试样应该满足使用仪器的长度。
4.Heat is a form of energy into which all other forms are convertible.热能是其他形式能可以转化的一种能。
5.The force due to the motion of molecules tends to keep them apart.由于分子运动产生的力试图让它们分离。
6.An electric current varies directly as the electromotive force and inversely as the resistance.电流的大小与电动势成正比,与电阻成反比。
7.The electrolytic process for producing hydrogen is not so efficient as the thermochemicalprocess.由电解产氢的过程没有由热化学产氢来的高效。
8.The different production cost is closely associated with the sources of power.生产成本的不同和能源有密切的关系。
9.At constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.在恒定温度下,气体的压强和它的体积成反比。
科技英语翻译总复习题版
The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself.温度上升不可能是出于自身的原因。
Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.不论物体的形状如何复杂,人们均可求出它的体积。
The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage.要求输送的电能越多,就得使电压升得越高。
The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm.机器人最具人性化的特点就是它的机械臂。
In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance of the distinction between state and path functions.我们研究第一定律时,可以明白区分状态函数和路径函数的重要性。
The first job of an electron tube is to get the electrons apart from their nuclei.电子管的第一项工作就是使电子与其原子核分开。
That type of turbine usually rotates at a very low speed.那种汽轮机通常以非常低的速度运转。
Small objects such as dust particles and water droplets fall only small distances before losing most of their acceleration.小物体,比如尘粒和水珠,仅仅下落了一小段距离后便失去了其大部分的加速度。
英语科技翻译考试题及答案
英语科技翻译考试题及答案一、单选题(每题2分,共20分)1. The term "nanotechnology" refers to the technology that deals with structures on a scale of ________.A. nanometersB. millimetersC. centimetersD. meters答案:A2. In the context of artificial intelligence, "neural network" is a model inspired by ________.A. human brainB. computer algorithmsC. natural languageD. mechanical engineering答案:A3. The process of converting solar energy into electricity is known as ________.A. photosynthesisB. thermodynamicsC. solar photovoltaicsD. nuclear fusion答案:C4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a quantum computer?A. SuperpositionB. EntanglementC. DeterministicD. Quantum tunneling答案:C5. The term "biotechnology" is often associated with the manipulation of ________.A. electronic devicesB. living organismsC. chemical compoundsD. geological formations答案:B6. In the field of robotics, "actuator" refers to a component that ________.A. senses the environmentB. processes informationC. moves or controls a mechanismD. stores energy答案:C7. "Internet of Things" (IoT) involves the interconnection of everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data,which is based on ________.A. cloud computingB. artificial intelligenceC. machine learningD. traditional networking答案:A8. The abbreviation "AI" stands for ________.A. Artificial IntelligenceB. Artificial InputC. Advanced InterfaceD. Automated Interaction答案:A9. "Genetic engineering" involves the ________ of an organism's genes.A. removalB. additionC. modificationD. replication答案:C10. "Cybersecurity" is concerned with protecting ________.A. physical infrastructureB. digital informationC. environmental resourcesD. financial assets答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The smallest unit of data in computing is called a________.答案:bit2. A ________ is a type of computer system designed to recognize, interpret, and simulate human actions.答案:robot3. In computer science, "algorithm" refers to a well-defined procedure that produces an answer to a ________.答案:problem4. The study of the behavior and interactions of dispersed phase(s) in a fluid medium is known as ________.答案:fluid mechanics5. A ________ is a device that uses light to transmit information.答案:fiber optic6. The process of converting data into a format that can be easily shared or analyzed is called ________.答案:data mining7. "Virtual reality" is a computer-generated simulation of a ________ environment.答案:three-dimensional8. The ________ is a set of rules that defines how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and processed.答案:protocol9. A ________ is a type of computer program that canreplicate itself and often spread to other computers.答案:virus10. "Machine learning" is a subset of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn from and make decisions based on ________.答案:data三、阅读理解题(每题5分,共30分)阅读以下段落,并回答问题。
电大英语翻译试题及答案
电大英语翻译试题及答案一、英译汉(每题2分,共10分)1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.答案:技术快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了显著变化。
2. She is an expert in the field of environmental protection and has made a great contribution to it.答案:她是环境保护领域的专家,并且对此做出了巨大贡献。
3. The government has taken effective measures to improve the quality of education.答案:政府已经采取了有效措施来提高教育质量。
4. The novel was so captivating that I couldn't put it down until I finished it.答案:这本小说如此吸引人,以至于我直到读完才放下。
5. The company has been committed to providing high-quality products to its customers.答案:该公司一直致力于向其客户提供高质量的产品。
二、汉译英(每题2分,共10分)1. 他是一位杰出的科学家,对医学领域做出了重大贡献。
答案:He is an outstanding scientist who has made significant contributions to the field of medicine.2. 随着互联网的普及,人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大变化。
答案:With the widespread of the internet, the way people access information has undergone tremendous changes.3. 我们公司致力于研发新产品,以满足市场需求。
英语科技文献翻译50题
英语科技文献翻译50题1. The discovery of a new species of bacteria has significant implications for biotechnology. 下列翻译正确的是:A. 一种新的细菌物种的发现对生物技术有重要影响。
B. 一种新细菌物种的发现对生物科技有重要的意思。
C. 一个新物种的细菌的发现对生物技术有重大暗示。
D. 新的一种细菌物种的发现对生物科技有重要的含义。
答案:A。
解析:“implication”常见释义为“影响;暗示;牵连”,在此句中取“影响”之意。
“significant”表示“重要的;显著的”。
整句翻译要注意语序和词汇的准确选择。
2. Genetic engineering has the potential to revolutionize medicine. 以下翻译恰当的是:A. 基因工程有潜力去革命化医学。
B. 基因工程具有彻底改变医学的潜力。
C. 基因工程有革命医学的可能性。
D. 基因工程有使医学革命化的可能。
答案:B。
解析:“potential”意为“潜力;可能性”,“revolutionize”表示“彻底改变;使发生革命性变革”。
翻译时要体现出准确的逻辑和含义。
3. The research on stem cells offers promising prospects for treating various diseases. 正确的翻译是:A. 关于干细胞的研究为治疗各种各样的疾病提供有希望的前景。
B. 干细胞的研究提供了治疗各种疾病的有希望的前景。
C. 对干细胞的研究为治疗各种疾病提供了有希望的前景。
D. 关于干细胞的研究给治疗不同的疾病提供了有前景的希望。
答案:C。
解析:“prospect”意为“前景;可能性”,“various”表示“各种各样的;不同的”。
注意“on”表示“关于”,翻译要符合中文表达习惯。
科技英语翻译答案
《科技英语翻译》答案第一章概论1.1翻译的标准第1节翻译练习11.The power plant is the heart of a ship.2.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hpinduction motor.第1节翻译练习21.Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacingtubes in many applications.2.Cramped conditions means that passengers, legs cannotmove around freely.3.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 第1节翻译练习31.The removal of minerals from water is called softening.2. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to thedicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: bladeand petiole.1.4翻译的一般方法第4节翻译练习11.Einstein,s relativity theory is the only one whichcan explain such phenomena.2.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals,silicates, and water.3.The designer must have access to stock lists of thematerials he employs.4.Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regularbasis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.第4节翻译练习21.The most important of the factors affecting plant growthis that it requires the supply of water.2.The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.3.The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dustin the air near the horizon.4.These fragments of rock and iron range from thousandkilometers in diameter to less than one.1.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
华北电力大学研究生科技英语翻译
Academic English translationLecture 1 Introduction英汉表达结构差异�形合(hypotaxis)和意合(parataxis)–从句子结构而言,英语重形合,即指词语或语句间的连接主要依仗连接词或语言形态手段来实现,注重语言形式上的接应(cohesion),因而比较严谨。
英语使用表达逻辑关系的连接词(如and, but, so, however, etc.)、关系词(如that, which, who, what, how, etc.)、介词(如of, to, with, on, about,etc),还有状语功能的分词结构(-ed 及-ing)等,强调句子成分之间的从属、修饰、平行、对比等关系。
–而汉语重意合,即指词语或语句间的连接主要凭借语义或语句间的语法关系和逻辑关系来实现,注重行文意义上的连贯(coherence)。
汉语的文字结构没有形态变化的条件,没有关系词,在表达中很少使用甚至于不用句子成分之间的连接词,连接成分―尽在不言中‖,因而比较简洁。
�被动与主动–尤其是科技英语句式中,多用被动语态。
据国外语言学家统计,在英语工科类教科书的全部限定动词中,至少有三分之二用的是被动语态,其中大部分又都是一般现在时态或与情态动词连用。
而汉语中被动语态用得少。
科技英语翻译原则����忠于原作原则服务读者原则逻辑清晰原则表达流畅原则科技英语特点�科技英语主要具有三种特性,即准确性、客观性和简明性,表现在用词、句型、语法结构和表达方式等方面。
�科技英语词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语。
希腊语和拉丁语是现代科技英语词汇的主要基础,专业性越强的科技英语词汇,属于希腊语和拉丁语词汇的比率越高。
拉丁语和希腊语同属世界上成熟最早、完备最佳的语言,其词汇不再发生词形、词义上的变化。
这种词汇上的稳定性恰是科技英语所需要的,并且具有推动科技英语新词汇产生的特性。
�科技英语使用大量的专业性很强的词汇,并伴有大量的公式、数据和图表等。
华北电力大学 农电 专业外语 翻译资料
arc电弧arc-suppressing灭弧的be in phase with与…同相位bare conductor裸导线break up断开Bundle 一捆bulk-power大功率容量base-loading基本负荷breaking down击穿core磁心clearance间隙creepage漏电conductivity导电率circuit breaker断路器cycle周期clear清除、排除Corona 电晕,放电current电流current transformer电流互感器daily load-demand curve日负荷曲线dielectric strength介电强度dam大坝、水坝distribution circuit配电线路deterioration老化、变坏distribution of the electricity配电disconnect switch隔离开关dispatcher调度员energize带电field磁场Film 薄层,膜fuse保险丝、熔断器fusible易熔的feed给…馈电fault故障flashover飞弧、闪络field current励磁电流flash闪光、发火花generato发电机generation of the electricity发电Guyed 牵线式的high voltage line高压线路hydroelectric power plant水电厂installed generating capacity装机容量infinite bus无限长母线intermittent间歇的inherently固有地in series with串联instrument transformer互感器interference干扰、妨碍insulation绝缘interconnection互联Insulator string 绝缘子串load负载low head低位差lightning雷电Lightning shielding 避雷lightning stroke雷击insulator绝缘子loop system环网系统momentary rating瞬时额定值moving contact动触头magnitude幅值、大小moment of inertia惯性矩monitor监视、监测Neutral 中性线network system网络系统nominal voltage标称电压off-peak非峰期overhead line架空线路photovoltaic effect光电效应pollution free无污染的parallel connection并联percentage百分数potential transformer电压互感器primary一次侧phase angle相角peak-load峰荷per unit system标幺制permanent永久的potential电势、潜在的quantitatively数量上restoration恢复rate估算、定额rating额定值rms均方根,有效值reliability可靠性relay继电器remote control遥控removal of fault事故处理ratio变比radial system辐射状系统reclosing重合闸resort求助、诉请Right-of-way 道路用地Shunt displacement current 旁路位移电流Stranded 绞合的(线)Sag 下垂Series compensation 串联补偿Shunt compensation 并联补偿spring弹簧symmetrical对称的stationary contact静触头stand-by supply备用电源scheme方案switchboard配电盘,开关屏swing摆动、摇荡shave削、修整supporting structure支撑结构serve loads为负载供电synchronism同步synchronous speed同步转速short circuit短路transformer变压器tide潮汐trough谷three-phase三相电tank变压油箱transmission line输电线transformation of the electricity变电temporary暂时的transmission of the electricity输电trip circuit跳闸电路transient瞬变过程turn一匝线圈transient stability瞬态稳定度utilization equipment用电设备undervoltage电压不足的void空隙、空洞vacuum真空winding绕组Zero sequence current 零序电流第一单元第一部分1、It may be water in a pond at an elevation above the generating station.它(能量资源)可能是海拔高度在发电站以上的池塘里的水。
2021.3学位英语考试华电翻译与答案
翻译与答案答案对话一翻译M:你有关于中国海关的小册子吗?W:不,对不起。
1 D .M:你什么时候能拿到更多?W:如果你午饭后回来,我就给你来一本。
2 B .M:谢谢。
我一会儿回来。
你能推荐附近的餐馆吗?W:是的,我推荐皇家龙。
那里的食物很好吃。
3 C 。
M:好的,我去那里。
午饭后见。
A.给你。
B.我会要求总公司再多寄一些。
C.在主街步行只需五分钟。
D.昨天我给了一位美国游客最后一本小册子。
对话二翻译M:所以我们到餐厅了。
要我为您点菜吗?4 .BW:好的,艾姆斯先生。
M: 5 A 请再吃点。
你想再来一杯吗?W:听起来是个好主意。
6 DA。
你吃的是我们的国菜。
B。
菜单有点复杂C。
价钱是多少?D。
但这次我请客对话三翻译M:你能告诉我一些关于万圣节的事情吗?W:万圣节是美国的传统节日。
朋友和家人会聚在一起,开一个盛大的派对庆祝。
M: 7.C 有什么特别的吗?W:万圣节期间有很多鬼屋。
M:真的吗?8 . B 一定很吓人。
W:事实上,他们没有闹鬼。
M:我知道那个。
在那里只是那些假装鬼魂的人。
但是,我不喜欢那种事。
W: 9A 参观鬼屋是一种方式。
10 DM:是的,我的一些朋友喜欢恐怖片。
A.有些人喜欢害怕。
B. 我从没去过鬼屋。
C. 我们已经知道了。
D. 另一种让人害怕的方法是坐过山车第一段阅读人们普遍认为美国家庭正在消亡。
但一项新的研究显示,美国家庭比以往任何时候都强大。
这项研究提供了令人惊讶的证据,证明美国人对家庭生活的承诺是持久的。
美国家庭正在改变,而不是死亡。
它越来越小,男女越来越平等,离婚率也越来越高。
但尽管离婚率很高,婚姻却从未像现在这样受欢迎。
大多数离婚的人再婚,但只有2%的人结婚两次以上。
大多数婚姻持续很长一段时间,很大一部分离婚是青少年婚姻造成的。
视具体情况而定,青少年婚姻破裂往往有很好的理由。
没有证据表明,与在家工作的母亲相比,在外工作的母亲对儿童的关注更少。
到目前为止,无论母亲是否在外工作,受教育或发展的时间都没有太大变化。
129366134196562500科技英语 翻译部分答案
科技英语翻译部分答案Unit 1 AutomationIV. 1. 各级的 2. 准确无误的 3. 根据 4. 总管理计算机 5. 高效率地6. intergrated information 7. steel-making 8. corrective action9. punched cards 10. screw conveyorsV.1. 自动化按其确切的意义,只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分(“三C" )才能完全实现。
2. 就高炉来说,需要给计算机提供装入高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。
3. 钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业,需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息,并迅速地做出判定选择,以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。
4. 信息数据和计算机据此所进行的运算,也总是往上面送到称为总管理计算机的机构中去(或许我应该说,为了防止误解,总管理计算机就是对管理人员起辅助作用的计算机),帮助他们决定在例行工作中或组织机构中进行什么样的变化(如果有的话),以便更有效地管理各个部门,使之与总的经营政策协调一致。
5. 一个受欢迎的结果将可能是使委员会会议和大会讨论更加简洁和条理清晰,更加实事求是和有效率。
而且在许多情况下,完全不需要开会。
VI. 1. Grain was fed into a flour mill by means of a bucket conveyor,and water power moved it over a series of endless belt and screw conveyors through coarse and fine grinding operations until flour emerged.2.Having the combination of two or more automatic operations on a standard machine, such as found with automatic bar machines, vertical turret lathes, and others,is not what is meant by automation. These machines are highly mechanized.3."Automation" has been, and still is, a greatly misused word, but its proper meaning, and therefore its implications, is gradually becoming better understood.4.The computer-aided manager is in a completely different position. Before he gets it,and even before he needs it,the information is processed or digested,all action which can be decided by the machine already taken, giving him the essential factsnot as a rag-bag but in a clear-cut form,so that he may sometimes be faced with one, two, or three basic choices.5.It makes sure that the people who have to make these decisions have adequate predigested information to work on. It is not a question of machines replacing men, it is largely a question of extending men’s faculties by machines so that in fact they become better, more competent men.Unit 2 AutomobileIV. 1.手动或自动挡 2.内部设计 3.薄板锂离子电池 4.太阳能电池板 5.头尾灯 6 concept car 7. Horse power 8. test bed 9. battery pack 10. turning circleV. 1. 尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车—NuVu,预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。
科技英语翻译总复习答案
科技英语翻译总复习答案科技英语翻译总复习答案总复习题(3~7章)第三章1. Other factors affect the configuration of the total system其他因素影响整个系统的结构2. In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage正常飞行时,舱门与机身平整贴合3. Energy can neither be created ,nor destroyed by any means known to man 用人们已知的方法,既不能创造能量也不能消灭能量4. It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity 习惯上根据部件的复杂程度把设计级称作高设计级或低设计级5. The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continues train without uncoupling此系统的主要经济之处在于它能够移动列车的车厢而不必将他们脱钩分开6. He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer他对于电子计算机的操作是陌生的7. A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance 系统能力计划中的关键因素是性能的经济成本8 The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set这种汇编程序能把汇编代码中的关键字扩展成完整的指令集9 The flame does not touch the flask directly烧瓶没有直接接触火焰10. The study of the strength of solids involves the study ofthe defects in the crystalline structure研究固体强度,就必须研究晶体结构中的缺陷11. The problem was solved by the provision of a compensation jet通过安装一个补偿喷头,解决了这个问题12 The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere铁元素生锈是铁元素和氧元素在湿空气中缓慢化合的现象13. The decay or organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air 有机物的腐烂是空气中氧引起的一种缓慢氧化过程14. In order to improve a certain kind of battery , Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50000 experiments 为了改善一种电池的性能,爱迪生花了差不多十年时间,做了近50000次试验第四章1. The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself温度上升不可能是出于自身的原因2. Be the shape of a baby complicated, it is possible to find outits volume 不论物体的形状如何复杂,人们均可求出它的体积3.The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage 要求输送的电能越多,就得使电压升的越高4.The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm 机器人最具人性化的特点是它的机械臂5. In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance 我们研究第一定律时,可以明白区分状态函数和路径函数的重要性。
华北电力大学自动化专业外语翻译
P107A 现代控制理论简介引言经典控制理论以输入输出关系主要是传递函数为基础。
当遇到微分方程时,它们必须是线性的、包含(服从)所有约束条件,才能建立有用的输入输出关系。
然而,现代控制理论是基于微分方程本身的直接使用。
尽管经典控制理论的技术是强有力的,而且相对简单,但它的确存在一些局限和缺点,这些缺点会随着被控对象和控制系统的复杂化而加剧,这正是现代控制理论出现的原因。
几种因素为现代控制理论的发展提供了动力:1.处理更为实际的系统模型的需要。
2.侧重点移向最优控制和最优系统设计。
3.计算机技术的持续发展。
4.先前方法的缺陷。
5.对其他知识领域已知方法的应用能力的认识。
从易于处理的简单近似模型到实际一些的模型的转换产生了两种作用(存在着两个方面的问题)。
第一,大量的变量必须包含在模型中。
第二,更实际的模型更容易包含非线性和时变参数。
以前系统被忽视的方面,如与周围环境的相互作用和通过环境的反馈往往被包含进来。
技术社会的发展正朝向更加雄必勃勃的目标前进。
这也意味着要处理有着大量相互作用部件的复杂系统。
对更高精度和效率的要求已经改变了控制系统性能的重点。
以超调量、调节时间、带宽等词来描述的经典的技术要求,在很多情况中已让位于最优判据如最小能量、最小代价、最小时间。
最优化这些判据难以避开所不希望的非线性。
最优控制理论常常要求使用非线性、时变的控制规律,即使基本系统是线性和时不变的。
计算机技术的不断发展在控制领域产生了重要的影响,数字计算机快速的处理能力和巨大的存储容量,使得求解带有复杂高阶微分方程的实际问题成为可能。
经典控制理论主要是(由...支配)图形方式,因为在那个时代这是解决特定问题的唯一方法。
现在每一位控制设计者都可以轻松地使用功能强大的计算机(软件)包进行系统分析和设计。
尽管计算机可以用于实现经典的变换-反变换方法,但用它来直接求解(计算)微分方程的数值解往往效率高。
随着超大规模集成电路的发展,微型计算机的价格、尺寸和可靠性使它们能够常规地用于许多系统中。
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2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围P.23例2This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration.这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中,因此值得专门考虑一下。
P.24 例3If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive.如果这一反应要花费数小时,而不是几秒钟,燃料费就太高了。
例7Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away.(如果)把蓄电池放在干燥的地方,就不会漏电。
这种句式中,祈使句表示条件,and后面的句子表示结果,可译为“如果……,就……”,或者“……就”。
P.25例12In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上,但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
例14The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail.太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化,将它向外拉牵,扯出一条长尾。
译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句(或后续分句),即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词,用逗号隔开。
P.26 例17The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦,会大幅度减少摩擦力。
例20An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点,最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。
P.27 例23The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界,是一片多山的不毛之地。
在酷热的白昼,太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰,而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。
原句中含有4个分句:由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰a world;介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句,修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste;关系副词where 引导的定语从句,也修饰a sterile mountainous waste;so…that引导的结果状语从句。
例24Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form.计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
原句中有三个介词,其中介词for省略不译。
P.29 例29The ON condition makes the data equipment ready to the communication equipment to be connected to the communication channel.数据(存储)设备在接通状态时通过通道与通信设备连接。
原句中的on指设备的接通状态,使句子形象、简洁,很容易理解。
例30Then the surgeon cut him open and took out the appendix and stitched him up again医生切开他的腹部,制除了阑尾,又把他腹部缝好。
原文中使用him以全部代替部分,译为“他的腹部”为妥。
P.30 例32It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot who has a very small vocabulary and takes everything literally.这就像和一丝不苟的机器人说话,机器人只有很少的词汇,而且你怎么说他就怎么做。
原句中的robot是无生命的机器,不是人,在此采取拟人手法,用副词literally修饰,生动、形象。
P.32 例5Design is a series of operations involved in taking a product from a conceptual stage to a form that meets both company goals and customer expectations.设计是一系列的操作,包含该产品从构思阶段到同时满足公司目标和客户期望的结构样式。
例8After the spring has been close to its solid height, the compressive force is removed.弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度(压并高度)之后就没有压力了。
原句中solid height的意思在汉译时做了技术性引中,翻译为“并紧高度”。
P.33例12Dimensioning is a complicated work and long experiences are required for the mastering of it.尺寸标注是一项复杂的工作,需要有长期经验才能完成。
英语中的动名词是由动词变形而来的,其动作性已经高度抽象化,在汉译时应该增加表动作的动词。
原句中的dimensioning就是抽象化了的动名词,在翻译时增加“进行”二字。
例14Semiconductors devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time.半导体器件没有灯丝,因此不需要加热功率或加热时间。
原句中的heaters属于重复性词语,在汉译时省略了heater。
例15The diameter and the length of the wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance.导线的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。
原句中的物主代词its在汉译时省略,属于省译法。
P.34 例20As noted previously, the catalyst in the first reactor can be divided into two beds, with an intermediate liquid quench, where high reactivity of the charge makes close temperature control mandatory.前面已经指出,在电荷具有很高反应能力而必须严格控制温度的场合,第一反应器中的催化剂可以分为两层,并在中间采用液体冷却。
原句中斜体部分是where引导的地点状语。
英语中习惯将状语放在句子后面,而汉语则恰恰相反,因此,汉译时语序进行了调整,状语从句位于句首。
例21These waves, which are commonly called radio waves, travel with the velocity of light.这些电波一般以光的速度进行传播,它们通常被称为无线电波。
汉译时调整了which引导的非限制性定语从句的位置,将其放在句末单独成为一个小分句,对前面的内容进行补充。
例22To picture the stress state, select the original a reference system at the center of the contact area with x parallel to the cylindrical axes, y perpendicular to the plane formed by the two cylinder axes, and z in the plane of the contact force.为描述应力状态,选择参考坐标系,原点选在接触面的中心,x轴平行于圆桂体的轴线,y 轴垂直圆柱体轴线所形成的平面,z轴处于接触力所在的平面上。
2018<科技英汉互译教程> 中篇期末考试范围中篇第一章P.42 例5The new medicine will expire in 2 years.新药的有效期为两年。
例10The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its performance.操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能P.43 例17This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best processing route.对确定最佳工艺流程而言,这次实验是绝对必要的。
例20Employers by and large are resistant to mediation.从总体上说,雇主是抵制调解的。