从属结构

例如：
b) ED分词分句作状语可表示多种意义，比如作时间状语
Heated, the metal expands.
作原因状语：
Deeply moved, he thanked her again
and again.
作让步状语：
Left to his own devices, the matter is not relax his efforts.
表示伴随状况：
He went to Beijing that winter, disguised as a merchant.
无动词分句
1无动词分句的结构模式 无动词分句，就结构模式来说，分为不带从 属连词、带从属连词和带有自己主语的三类。 a)不带从属连词的无动词分句
Speechless ,Victor Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
There he stood, a tray in each hand.
“独立结构”
1.“独立结构”的实质和类型
“独立结构”，按其结构形式，分为不定式“独立结构”，-ING分词 “独立结构”、-ED分词“独立结构”和无动词“独立结构”，通 句中起状语分句的作用。例如：
There being nothing else to do, we left.
The manager sat quietly in the office, (his) eyes closed. (its) Stern torn apart by torpedoes, (its) Interior gutted by fire, the battleship Slowly sank into the sea.
“独立结构”均可变为由with 引导的介词词组，而
表示否定意义的“独立结构”便可以转换为由without 引导的介词词组。例如：The
war was over without a shot being fired . Without anyone noticing, I slipped through the window. I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.
c)带主语的-DE分词
The job finished, we went home straight away , Her shirt caught on a nail ,she could not move .
-ED分词的句法功能
a)-ED分词分句作后置修饰语通常相当于一个缩略放的关系分句
One of the houses wrecked by the storm belonged to my grandfather.
Slightly ,from the doctrine. c）带有自己主语的无动词分句 带有自己主语的无动词分句也是一种 “独立结构”。这种无动词分句通常由名词 词组+名词词组/介词词组/形容词词组/副词 词组组成。例如：
Two hundred people died in accident, many of them children. Miriam looked at Henry, his eyes full of doubt and discomfort.
表示方式和伴随状况：
He put on his sock wrong side out. =he put on his socks with the wrong side out.
She was sitting at her desk, her head Slightly lowered over a pile of documents
c)带主语的-ING分词分句 第一，-ING分词分句作宾语时： My parents object to me/my going out alone 第二，-ING分词分句作介词补足成分时： I’m annoyed about John/John’s forgetting to pay. 第三，-ING分词分句作主语时： It helped them to make friends quickly, his being the only doctor in the village.
ED分词分句
ED分词的结构模式
a) 不带主语和从属连词的-ED分词分句
The castle ，burnt down in 1485,was never rebuilt
b)带从属连词的-ED分词分句
If left alone on a desert island, what Would you do first. Once published, the book caused a remarkable stir.
表示原因：The
last bus having gone, we had to walk home.=Because the bus had gone, we…
表示条件：weather
permitting, the cricket match will be played on Wednesday.=If weather permits, the cricket match …
第四，-ING分词分句作通常所说的“独立 结构”时： The last bus having gone ,we had to walk home. 2.ING 分词的句法功能 ING分词和不定式分句一样可以在句中作主语、 宾语、主语补语和宾语补语，有时没有意义 区别，有时略有不同。 This is a box for holding chessman. I’m looking for a box to hold chessman.
无动词分句可在句中作名词修饰语和状语。 作状语，无动词分句可表示时间、地点、原因、 条件、让步、方式、或伴随状况等意义。例如：
Байду номын сангаас2.无动词分句的句法功能
You must eat it when fresh. One of the most popular tourist sites in Italy, Pompeii was viewed by two million visitors last year.
His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.
The meal over ,prayers were read by Miss Miller.
“独立结构”的用法和意义
“独立结构”与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，但也有用破折号的。 在“独立结构 ”中，作主语的名词词组有时可以省去限定词。
例如：
如果一个句中含有几个“独立结构”，通常把表示概括意义的结构
The professor was slammed Against the wall, his body frisked, his
置于最后。例如：
wrists handcuffed, his dignity lost.
“独立结构”在句中可表示多种意义。例如表示时间：
b)带有从属连词的无动词分句 这类无动词分句又有四种形式，即从属连词+ 名词词组：when he was a boy of six, Bob
sent away from home. 从属连词+形容词词组 You should not drink very cold water, while hot from work. Although always helpful, he was not liked by people. 从属连词+介词词组 Whether by accident or by design, he arrived Too late to help us. 从属连词+副词词组 The administration seemed to depart, albeit
-ING分词分句 1.-Ing分词分句的结构模式 -ING分词分句有的既不带主语，也不带从属连词； 有的带主语； 有的带从属连词。 a)不带主语和从属连词的-ING分词分句 e.g.(1)I heard him singing in the next room. (2)Beating a child will do more harm than good. b)带从属连词的-ING分词分句 e.g. though understand no Greek ,Charles was able to communicate with them.
His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play. =after his homework was done ,Jim decided… The meal was over ,we began to work again.=when the meal was over ,we…