最新牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点总结
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Chapter One Travel
一.课文重点词语与短语
plan 计划 plan to do sth. 计划去做某事
offer 提供 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
provide 提供 provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth
shop 购物 shop for sth = buy sth
Why not do sth? =Why don’t you do sth 为什么不做…
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
the same as…和…一样
be famous for sth = be well-know for sth 以…闻名
be famous as 作为…而著名
help sb (to )do sth 帮助某人做某事
help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
one of + 可数名词复数…之一,其中之一
二.语法:冠词a,an,与the 的用法
★不定冠词a/an的用法主要有:
1.泛指表示"某一个",用于可数名词单数前。如: We need a rent to live in. 2.与可数名词单数连用,表示类别。如:
1) I'm a student.(是学生而不是其他人。)
2) An elephant is much bigger than a tiger.
3.在某些词组中,代替介词per,作“每一”讲。如: twice a day, 5 dollars
a kilo
I play computer games once a week.
注意: a /an 的区别
a 用在辅音开头的单词前:a cat, a useful book
an 用在元音发音的单词前:an English book, an interesting story, an honest boy, an important party, an ugly man…
★定冠词the的用法主要有:
1. 表示特指某人或某物。如:
The notebook on the desk is mine.
Beijing is the capital of China.
2. 表示上文提过的人或事物。如:
There is a cat under the chair. The cat is black and white. 3. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。如:
the earth, the sun…
4. 用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如:
Let's go for a picnic, shall we?
5. 用在作定语的序数词前。如:
She is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.
6. 用在形容词前表示一类人。如:
the rich, the old, the sick, the deaf…
7. 用在乐器名称前。如:
play the violin(guitar, piano…)
8. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。如:
The Whites are on their holiday in Canada.
9. 用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如:
the People's Park, the Golden Gate Bridge
10.在最高级、序数词及next,last,same等词前常用定冠词。如: The last one is the most important one.
★不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有:
1. 在物质名词或抽象名词前。如:
Water and air are important to us.
Wisdom is better than strength.
2. 名词前面已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, some,
any等代词的情况下。如:
I want this car, not that car.
There is some water in the cup.
3. 在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如:
There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.
School begins on September 1.
March 8th is Women's Day.
特例:1)中国的传统节日要加the。如:the Spring Festival
4. 在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如:
I have breakfast at six in the morning.
They play football every day.
He prefers science to physics.
特例:当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时,要加不定冠词。如:
They had a good dinner yesterday.
5. 在学科前不加冠词。如:
I am good at maths and history.
6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前;
国名和地名人名前通常也不加冠词。如:Zhongshan Road, Tian'anmen Square;China,Shenzhen,Tom
7.表示使用某种交通手段时,名词前不用冠词。如: