亚太贸易协定

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亚太贸易协定》原产地规则

亚太贸易协定》原产地规则

中华人民共和国海关总署公告2006年第57号《亚洲及太平洋经济和社会委员会发展中成员国关于贸易谈判的第一协定修正案》已经各成员国政府批准生效,原协定(即曼谷协定)内容已修正并更名为《亚太贸易协定》,自2006年9月1日起正式实施。

经与各成员国政府商定,《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则将于2006年10月1日起实施,现将原产地规则予以公告。

自2006年10月1日起,对于我国从该协定成员国(孟加拉、印度、老挝、韩国、斯里兰卡)进口及我国出口到成员国的协定项下货物,海关依照本公告的原产地规则确定其原产地。

二○○六年九月二十九日《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则按照《亚太贸易协定》(以下简称《协定》)第八条规定享受关税减让优惠的货物,其原产地应遵循下列条款确定:第一条原产货物。

按照下述第五条的要求,从一成员国直接运输进口到另一成员国的《协定》项下优惠贸易货物,符合下列条件之一的,应当享受关税减让优惠:(一)符合第二条规定,在出口成员国完全获得或者生产的;(二)符合第三条或者第四条,在出口成员国非完全获得或者生产的。

第二条完全获得或者生产。

第一条第(一)项所称的“在出口成员国完全获得或者生产”是指:(一)在该国的领土、领水或者海床中开采或者提取的原材料或者矿产品(见注释1);(二)在该国收获的农产品(见注释2);(三)在该国出生并饲养的动物;(四)在该国从上述第(三)项所指的动物获得的产品;(五)在该国狩猎或者捕捞所获得的产品;(六)由该国船只(见注释3、4)在公海捕捞获得的渔产品和其他海产品;(七)在该国的加工船(见注释4、5)上仅由上述第(六)项的产品加工和(或者)制造所得的产品;(八)在该国从既不具有原用途也不能再使用的旧物品回收的零件或者原材料;(九)在该国收集的既不能用于原用途,也不能修复或修理,仅适用于弃置或者回收零件或者原材料的旧物品;(十)在该国生产制造过程中产生的废碎料;(十一)在该国仅由上述第(一)至第(十)项所列产品加工获得的产品。

《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则

《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则

《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则海关总署公告2006年第57号(关于《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则)【法规类型】海关规范性文件【内容类别】关税征收管理类【文号】海关总署公告2006年第57号【发文机关】海关总署【发布日期】 2006-9-29 【生效日期】 2006-10-1【效力】 [有效]【效力说明】《亚洲及太平洋经济和社会委员会发展中成员国关于贸易谈判的第一协定修正案》已经各成员国政府批准生效,原协定(即曼谷协定)内容已修正并更名为《亚太贸易协定》,自2006年9月1日起正式实施。

经与各成员国政府商定,《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则将于2006年10月1日起实施,现将原产地规则予以公告。

自2006年10月1日起,对于我国从该协定成员国(孟加拉、印度、老挝、韩国、斯里兰卡)进口及我国出口到成员国的协定项下货物,海关依照本公告的原产地规则确定其原产地。

二○○六年九月二十九日《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则按照《亚太贸易协定》(以下简称《协定》)第八条规定享受关税减让优惠的货物,其原产地应遵循下列条款确定:第一条原产货物。

按照下述第五条的要求,从一成员国直接运输进口到另一成员国的《协定》项下优惠贸易货物,符合下列条件之一的,应当享受关税减让优惠:(一)符合第二条规定,在出口成员国完全获得或者生产的;(二)符合第三条或者第四条,在出口成员国非完全获得或者生产的。

第二条完全获得或者生产。

第一条第(一)项所称的“在出口成员国完全获得或者生产”是指:(一)在该国的领土、领水或者海床中开采或者提取的原材料或者矿产品(见注释1);(二)在该国收获的农产品(见注释2);(三)在该国出生并饲养的动物;(四)在该国从上述第(三)项所指的动物获得的产品;(五)在该国狩猎或者捕捞所获得的产品;(六)由该国船只(见注释3、4)在公海捕捞获得的渔产品和其他海产品;(七)在该国的加工船(见注释4、5)上仅由上述第(六)项的产品加工和(或者)制造所得的产品;(八)在该国从既不具有原用途也不能再使用的旧物品回收的零件或者原材料;(九)在该国收集的既不能用于原用途,也不能修复或修理,仅适用于弃置或者回收零件或者原材料的旧物品;(十)在该国生产制造过程中产生的废碎料;(十一)在该国仅由上述第(一)至第(十)项所列产品加工获得的产品。

亚太贸易协定原产地证明书

亚太贸易协定原产地证明书

亚太贸易协定原产地证明书篇一:原产地证有:1.亚太证书(签证国别:韩国、印度,斯里兰卡、孟加拉国),Form M证书格式CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement简称BK证书2.中国-东盟优惠原产地证书 (签证国别: 泰国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡、越南、文莱、柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸),格式:FORM E (ASEAN-CHINA FREE TRADE AREA PREFERENTIAL TARIFF CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN)3.中国-巴基斯坦自贸区优惠原产地证书(CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN CHINA-PAKISTAN FTA)4.中国-智利自贸区优惠原产地证书格式:FORM F ( CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN Form F for China-Chile FTA)5.中国-新西兰优惠原产地证书6.中国-新加坡优惠原产地证书7.中国-秘鲁优惠原产地证书(CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN Form For China-Peru FTA)8中国普惠制优惠原产地证书FORM A (GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFRENCES CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN)到那些国家的产品可以申请普惠制产地证明书(FORM A)?目前世界上共有39个给惠国给予中国普惠制待遇,到这39个国家符合原产地标准的产品可以申请办理FORM A证书,它们是:欧洲联盟27成员国(法国、英国、爱尔兰、德国、丹麦、意大利、比利时、荷兰、卢森堡、希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙、奥地利、芬兰、瑞典、立陶宛、爱沙尼亚、拉脱尼亚、马耳他、塞浦路丝、捷克、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、波兰、匈牙利、保加利亚和罗马尼亚),挪威、瑞士、列支登士敦、土耳其和日本、白俄罗斯共和国、俄罗斯联邦、哈萨克斯坦、乌克兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家。

亚太自贸区协定

亚太自贸区协定

(一)历史
《亚太贸易协定》前身为《曼谷协定》。

《曼谷协定》签订于1975年,是在联合国亚太经济社会委员会(简称亚太经社会)主持下,在发展中国家之间达成的一项优惠贸易安排,现有成员国为中国、孟加拉、印度、老挝、韩国和斯里兰卡。

2005年11月2日,在北京举行的《曼谷协定》第一届部长级理事会上,各成员国代表通过新协定文本,决定将《曼谷协定》更名为《亚太贸易协定》,并在各成员国完成国内法律审批程序后,实施第三轮关税减让谈判结果。

(二)《亚太贸易协定》第三轮关税减让结果
自2006年9月1日起,我已向其他成员国的1717项8位税目产品提供优惠关税,平均减让幅度27%;另外,我还向最不发达成员国孟加拉和老挝的162项8位税目产品提供特别优惠,平均减让幅度77%。

同时,根据2005年税则计算,我国可享受印度570项6位税目、韩国1367项10位税目、斯里兰卡427项6
位税目和孟加拉209项8位税目产品的优惠关税。

(三)《亚太贸易协定》的实施情况
2006年我国享受《亚太贸易协定》优惠关税待遇的进出口商品总值为36.1亿美元,比上年增长了71.1%。

其中进口22.2亿美元,比上年增长42.3%,主要商品为苯乙烯、聚乙烯胶粒和乙丙橡胶等化工产品以及纺织品、冻鱼、机电产品、食品和药品等;出口约13.9亿美元,比上年增长154.6%,主要商品为纺织原料及纺织制品、化工产品、贱金属、机电产品、陶瓷制品、塑料、橡胶及其制品、动物产品等。

韩国为最大受益国,分别占享受协定优惠税率进出口商品总值的93%和83%。

我国进口孟加拉商品总值增长近25倍。

《亚太贸易协定》各成员国降税产品清单

《亚太贸易协定》各成员国降税产品清单

79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
4001.22.00 4001.29.00 4007.00.00 4009.11.00 4011.61.10 பைடு நூலகம்011.92.10 4015.11.00 4015.19.00 4017.00.00 4412.13.00 4412.14.00
Margin of Preferenc e 60.00 60.00 50.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 20.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 15.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
Toluene 10.00 O-Xylene 10.00 M-Xylene 10.00 p-Xylene 10.00 Mixed xylene isomers 10.00 Styrene 10.00 Ethylbenzene 10.00 Cumene 10.00 Methanol (Methyl Alcohol) 10.00 Propan-1-01 (propyl alcohol) and propan-2-01 (isopropyl 10.00 alcohol): Isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol Propan-1-01 (propyl alcohol) and propan-2-01 (isopropyl 10.00 alcohol): Propan-1-01 (propyl alcohol) Butan -1-01 (n-butyl alcohol) 10.00 Other butanols 10.00 Pentanol (amyl alcohol) and isomers thereof 10.00 Octanol (octyl alcohol) and isomers thereof 10.00 Dodecan 1-01 (lauryl alcohol), hexadecan-1-01 (cetyl 10.00 alcohol) and octadecan-1-01 (steary alcohol) Other saturated monohydric alcohols, nes 10.00 Acyclic terpene alcohol 10.00 Ethylene glycol (ethanediol) 10.00 Propylene glycol (propane-1,2-diol) 10.00 2-Ethyl-2 (hydroxymethyl) propane-1, 3-diol (trimethylo-propane)10.00 Pentaerythritol 10.00 Mannitol 10.00 D-glucitol (sorbitol) 10.00 Phenol (hydroxybenzene) and its salts 10.00 Cresols and their salts 10.00 Octylphenol,nonylphenol and their isomers; salts thereof 10.00 Xylenols and their salts 10.00 Naphthols and their salts 10.00 Resorcinol & its salts 10.00 Hydroquinone (quinol) and its salts 10.00 4,4 - Isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol A, diphenylol10.00 propane) and its salts Other polyphenols, nes 10.00 Disperse dyes and preparations based thereon 10.00 Approved aircraft and helicopter paint, nes, imported by 15.00 Bangladesh Biman/Flying Club/concerned Govt Dept. Essential oils other than of citrus fruit: other 10.00 Other enzymes/prepared enzymes, nes; Enzymes 10.00 (foodgrade) Activated carbon 20.00 Insecticides, other 10.00 Finising agents,etc.of a kind used in the textile indstry 10.00 Natural rubber in smoked sheets 10.00

亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码

亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码

亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码1. 介绍亚太贸易协定是一个旨在促进亚太地区贸易自由化与区域一体化的协定。

为了降低贸易壁垒、促进贸易便利化,亚太地区的国家和地区之间达成了一系列的贸易协定。

为了实施这些贸易协定,各国和地区制定了相应的优惠类型代码。

2. 亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码的意义亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码是对亚太地区国家和地区之间贸易优惠政策的一种分类和编码方式。

通过对贸易优惠政策进行分类和编码,可以更好地管理和监控贸易优惠政策的实施情况,为贸易促进和贸易便利化提供有力支持。

3. 亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码的分类亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码根据贸易优惠政策的种类和实施方式进行分类。

根据不同的协定和政策,可以将亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码分为以下几类:3.1 A类优惠类型代码A类优惠类型代码是指针对亚太地区国家和地区之间的自由贸易协定所实施的贸易优惠政策。

这些政策包括关税减免、关税配额、非关税壁垒等。

A类优惠类型代码的实施可以降低贸易壁垒,促进贸易自由化。

3.2 B类优惠类型代码B类优惠类型代码是指针对亚太地区国家和地区之间的特殊贸易协定所实施的贸易优惠政策。

这些特殊贸易协定可以是针对特定产品、特定行业或特定国家的。

B类优惠类型代码的实施可以帮助促进特定领域的贸易合作。

3.3 C类优惠类型代码C类优惠类型代码是指针对亚太地区国家和地区之间的发展中国家所实施的贸易优惠政策。

这些政策旨在帮助发展中国家提高贸易竞争力,促进经济发展。

C类优惠类型代码的实施可以促进亚太地区的经济合作与发展。

3.4 D类优惠类型代码D类优惠类型代码是指针对亚太地区国家和地区之间的服务贸易所实施的贸易优惠政策。

这些政策可以包括服务贸易的市场准入、国民待遇等方面的优惠政策。

D类优惠类型代码的实施可以促进亚太地区的服务贸易合作与发展。

4. 亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码的应用亚太贸易协定优惠类型代码的应用可以在贸易统计、贸易政策制定、贸易促进等方面发挥重要作用。

浅析《亚太贸易协定》优惠原产地规则

浅析《亚太贸易协定》优惠原产地规则

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《亚太贸易协定》原产地证书填制要求

《亚太贸易协定》原产地证书填制要求

《亚太贸易协定》原产地证书填制要求时间:2007-12-18 点击数:2861 来源:通关业务处字号 [ 大中小 ]一、总原则:享受关税减让优惠的货物必须符合以下条件:1、属于《亚太贸易协定》进口成员国关税减让优惠产品描述范围内;2、符合《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则。

一批货物中的每项商品本身必须分别符合该规则;3、符合《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则规定的发运条件。

总体而言,货物须按照第五条的规定从出口国直接发运到目的地国。

二、栏目填制:第一栏货物发运自注明出口人的名称、地址与国别。

名称须与发票上的出口人一致。

第二栏货物发运到注明进口人的名称、地址与国别。

名称须与发票上的进口人一致。

对于第三方贸易,可以注明“待定”(To Order)。

第三栏供官方使用此栏仅供签证当局使用。

第四栏运输方式与路线详细注明出口货物的运输方式和路线。

如信用证条款等无此详细要求,打上“空运”或“海运”。

如货物途经第三国,可用如下方式表示:例如:“空运”“经曼谷从老挝到印度”(By air from Laos to India via Bangkok.)第五栏税则号注明货物4位数的HS编码。

第六栏唛头与包装编号注明证书所载货物的包装唛头及编号。

该信息应与货物包装上的唛头及编号一致。

第七栏包装数量与种类;货物描述明确注明出口产品的货物描述。

货物描述应与发票上对出口产品的描述相一致。

确切的描述有助于目的国海关当局对产品的快速清关。

第八栏原产地标准根据《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则第二条的规定,受惠产品必须是完全原产自出口成员国;若非出口成员国完全原产的产品,必须符合第三条或第四条。

1、完全原产品:在第8栏填写字母“A”。

2、含有进口成份的产品:第8栏的填写方法如下:(1)符合第三条规定的原产地标准的产品,第8栏填写字母“B”。

字母“B”后应填写原产于非成员国或原产地不明的原料、部件或产品的总货值占出口产品离岸价的百分比(例如“B”50%)。

《亚太贸易协定》英文版

《亚太贸易协定》英文版

AMENDMENT TO THE FIRST AGREEMENT ON TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AMONG DEVELOPING MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (BANGKOK AGREEMENT)ASIA-PACIFIC TRADE AGREEMENTPREAMBLERECOGNIZING the urgent need to take action to implement a trade expansion programme among the developing member countries of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) pursuant to the decisions contained in the Kabul Declaration of the Council of Ministers on Asian Economic Co-operation and within the framework of the Asian Trade Expansion Programme which was adopted by the Intergovernmental Committee on a Trade Expansion Programme created under the Kabul Declaration;GUIDED by the principles contained in the New Delhi Declaration adopted at the thirty-first session of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific;REALIZING that the expansion of trade could act as a powerful stimulus to the development of their national economies, by expanding investment and production opportunities through benefits to be gained from specialization and economies of scale, thus providing greater opportunities of employment and securing higher living standards for their populations;MINDFUL of the importance of expanding access on favourable terms for their goods to each other’s markets and of developing trade arrangements which promote the rational and outward-oriented expansion of production and trade;NOTING that the international community has fully recognized the importance of encouraging the establishment of preferences among developing countries at the international, regional and subregional levels, particularly through the resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations establishing the International Development Strategy for the Second United Nations Development Decade and the Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order and the Programme of Action for the Establishment of a New International Economic Order; the Concerted Declaration on Trade Expansion, Economic Co-operation and Regional Integration among Developing Countries adopted at UNCTAD II; as well as Part IV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and Article V of the General Agreement on Trade in Services and decisions made in pursuance thereof;NOTING FURTHER that developing countries have already taken some major decisions intended to promote such type of preferential arrangements among themselves such as the Global System of Trade Preferences;CONVINCED that the establishment of preferences among the developing member countries of ESCAP, complementary to other efforts undertaken in other international forums, could make an important contribution to the development of trade among developing countries;The Governments of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of India, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Republic of Korea and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka HAVE AGREED as follows:Chapter I – GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle 1DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions shall apply:1)“Participating State” means a State which has consented to be bound by the Agreement bydeposition of its instrument of accession or ratification with the Executive Secretary of ESCAP.2)“Original Participating States” means the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, the Republic ofIndia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Republic of Korea and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.3)“Developing member countries of ESCAP” means those countries included in paragraphs 3and 4 of the terms of reference of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, including any future amendments thereto.4)“Least developed country” m eans a country designated as such by the United Nations.5)“Products” means all products including manufactures and commodities in their raw, semi-processed and processed forms.6)“Like product” is a product which is identical to the product under considerat ion or, in theabsence of such a product, another product which, although not identical, has characteristics closely resembling those of the product under consideration.7)“Tariffs” means customs duties included in the national tariff schedules of the Parti cipatingStates.18)“Border charges and fees” means border charges and fees, other than tariffs, on foreign tradetransactions with a tariff-like effect which are levied solely on imports, but are not indirect taxes and charges which are levied in the same manner on like domestic products. Import charges corresponding to specific services rendered are not considered border charges and fees.9)“Non-tariff measures” means any measures, regulations or practices, other than tariffs andborder charges and fees, the effect of which is to restrict imports or to significantly distort trade.10)“Margin of preference” means the percentage difference between the Most-Favoured-Nation(MFN) rate of duty and the preferential rate of duty for the like product, and not the absolute difference between those rates. Thus,Margin of preference = (MFN duty – tariff rate conceded under the Agreement) 100 (per cent)MFN duty11)“Value of the concessions” means the extent of benefits received by other ParticipatingStates from the tariff/non-tariff preferences given by each Participating State through its National List of Concessions agreed upon under this Agreement. In the case of tariff preferences, the value of the concessions shall be deemed to be preserved if margins o f preference are maintained.12)“Serious injury” means significant damage to domestic producers of like or similar productsresulting from a substantial increase of preferential imports in situations which cause substantial losses in terms of earnings, production or employment unsustainable in the short term. The examination of the impact on the domestic industry concerned shall also include an evaluation of other relevant economic factors and indices having a bearing on the state of the domestic industry of that product.13)“Threat of serious injury” means a situation in which a substantial increase of preferentialimports is of a nature to cause serious injury to domestic producers, and that such injury, although not yet existing, is clearly imminent. A determination of threat of serious injury shall be based on facts and not on mere allegations, conjecture, or remote or hypothetical possibility.Article 2ObjectivesThe objectives of this Agreement are to promote economic development through a continuous process of trade expansion among the developing member countries of ESCAP and to further international economic co-operation through the adoption of mutually beneficial trade liberalization measures consistent with their respective present and future deve lopment and trade needs.2PrinciplesThe Agreement shall be governed in accordance with the following general principles:(i)The Agreement shall be based on overall reciprocity and mutuality of advantages in sucha way as to benefit equitably all Participating States;(ii)The principles of Transparency, National Treatment and Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment shall apply to the trade relations among the Participating States;(iii)The special needs of least developed country Participating States shall be clearly recognized and concrete preferential measures in their favour shall be agreed upon.Chapter II – PROGRAMME OF TRADE LIBERALIZATIONArticle 4Negotiation of ConcessionsThis Agreement may, inter-alia, consist of arrangements relating to: (a) tariffs; (b) border charges and fees; (c) non-tariff measures. Participating States may conduct their negotiations for tariff concessions in accordance with any one or a combination of the following approaches and procedures: (a) product-by-product basis; (b) across-the-board tariff reductions; (c) sectoral basis. The tariff negotiations should be based on the current MFN rates applied by each Participating State. Participating States shall enter into periodic negotiations with a view to further expanding this Agreement and the fuller attainment of its aims.Article 5Application of ConcessionsEach Participating State shall apply such tariff, border charge and fee, and non-tariff concessions in favour of the goods originating in all other Participating States as are set out in its National List of Concessions. These National Lists of Concessions are attached as annex I, which is an integral part of this Agreement.Article 6Non-Tariff MeasuresEach Participating State shall take appropriate measures, consistent with its development needs and objectives, for the gradual relaxation of non-tariff measures which may affect the importation of products covered by its National List of Concessions. Issues relating to technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures among Participating States shall be dealt with, as far as practicable, in accordance with the WTO provisions on these subjects. Participating States shall also make available to one another on a transparent basis a list of non-tariff measures existing on conceded products.3Special Concessions to Least Developed Country Participating States Notwithstanding the provisions of article 5 of this Agreement, any Participating State may grant to least developed country Participating States special concessions which shall apply to all least developed country Participating States and shall not be extended to other Participating States. These special concessions shall be included in the National List of Concessions of the preference-giving Participating State.Article 8Rules of OriginProducts contained in the National Lists of Concessions annexed to this Agreement shall be eligible for preferential treatment if they satisfy the Rules of Origin set out in annex II, which is an integral part of this Agreement.Article 9Preservation of the Value of the ConcessionsExcept as provided for elsewhere, in order to secure preservation of the value of the concessions set out in the attached National Lists of Concessions, the Participating States shall not abrogate or reduce the value of these concessions after the entry into force of this Agreement through the application of any charge or measure restricting commerce other than those existing prior thereto, except where a charge corresponds to: (a) an internal tax imposed on a similar domestic product;(b) an anti-dumping or countervailing duty; or (c) fees commensurate with the cost of services rendered.Article 10Re-establishment of Margins of PreferenceIf, as a result of a tariff revision, a Participating State reduces or abrogates the value of the concessions granted to the other Participating States, it shall within a reasonable period of time take mutually acceptable compensatory action to re-establish margins of preference of equivalent value or enter into prompt consultations with the other Participating States as provided for in chapter IV in order to negotiate a mutually satisfactory modification of its National List of Concessions. For the purposes of this article, a reasonable period of time means not exceeding six months from the date of issue of the notification of tariff revision. A Participating State exceeding this period shall provide justification as to the reasons thereof.Article 11Coverage of the AgreementThe Agreement shall cover all products including manufactures and commodities in their raw, semi-processed and processed forms.Participating States shall explore further areas of cooperation with regard to border and non-border measures to supplement and complement the liberalization of trade. These may include, among others, the harmonization of standards, mutual recognition of tests and certification of products, macroeconomic consultations, trade facilitation measures and trade in services.4Chapter III – TRADE EXPANSIONArticle 12Trade Expansion and DiversificationTo ensure the consolidation, continued expansion and further diversification of trade, the Participating States agree to keep in view the objectives and provisions set out in the following subparagraphs and shall strive to implement them expeditiously in a manner consistent with their national policies and procedures:a.To the fullest extent possible, Participating States shall grant to one another, in relation toimports originating in the territory of any one of them, a treatment no less favourable than that which prevailed prior to the entry into force of this Agreement;b.With respect to taxes, rates and other internal duties and charges, products originating inthe territory of a Participating State shall enjoy in the territory of every other Participating State a treatment no less favourable than that accorded by that other Participating State to similar products of domestic origin;c.Participating States shall endeavour, in relation to each other, not to introduce or increasethe incidence of tariffs, border charges and fees, and non-tariff measures on products of current or potential export interest to the other Participating States. For purposes of determination of the products that fall within the purview of this paragraph, the Participating States shall submit, and the Standing Committee shall decide on, lists of products in this category from time to time;d.Whenever considered necessary, Participating States shall take appropriate measures forco-operation, particularly in customs administration, to facilitate implementation of this Agreement and to simplify and standardize procedures and formalities relating to reciprocal trade. For this purpose the Standing Committee shall take the required administrative action;e.The Participating States shall, as far as practicable, follow the provisions of relevantWTO Agreements including the Agreement on the Implementation of Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Duties, and ensure that the provisions of this Agreement are harmoniously applied;f.Participating States shall adopt the latest version of the Harmonized CommodityDescription and Coding System of the World Customs Organization as a common tariff nomenclature and, as far as practicable, conduct further negotiations on the basis of the six-digit level of the HS classification of goods;g.Through further negotiations, Participating States shall take steps to expand the coverageand value of the concessions on products of export interest to one another. To this end, the Standing Committee shall adopt from time to time a programme of action to accelerate the process of negotiations, including additional negotiating techniques and the possible establishment of specific targets for the negotiations.5Extension of Advantage, Benefit, Franchise, Immunity or PrivilegeIn matters of trade, any advantage, benefit, franchise, immunity or privilege applied by a Participating State in respect of a product originating in or intended for consignment to any other Participating State or any other country shall be immediately and unconditionally extended to the like product originating in or intended for consignment to the territories of the other Participating States.Article 14Non-Application of PreferencesThe provisions of article 13 shall not apply in relation to preferences granted by Participating States:a.Through bilateral trade agreements, to other Participating States and to third countries;b.Exclusively to other developing countries prior to the entry into force of this Agreement;c.To least developed country Participating States under article 7 of this Agreement;d.To other Participating States which may be classified by the Participating States as at arelatively less advanced stage of economic development, provided that such preferences are accorded without full reciprocity from the relatively less advanced country. The Standing Committee shall decide from time to time which Participating States shall be considered to be in the category of countries at a relatively less advanced stage of economic development;e.To any other Participating State(s) and/or other developing member countries of ESCAPwith which the Participating State engages in the formation o f an economic integration grouping;f.To any other Participating State(s) and/or other developing countries with which theParticipating State enters into an industrial co-operation agreement or joint venture in other productive sectors, within the purview of article 16.Notwithstanding the above exceptions, each Participating State shall take the necessary steps to reconcile, to the extent possible, the provisions of agreements entered into with third countries with the provisions of this Agreement.Article 15Special Consideration for Least Developed Country Participating StatesSpecial consideration shall be given by Participating States to requests from least developed country Participating States for technical assistance and cooperation arrangements designed to assist them in expanding their trade with other Participating States and in taking advantage of the potential benefits of this Agreement.6Extension of Special Tariff and Non-Tariff PreferencesThe Participating States agree to consider extending special tariff and non-tariff preferences in favour of products included in industrial co-operation agreements and joint ventures in other productive sectors reached among some or all of them, and/or with the participation of other developing member countries of ESCAP, which will apply exclusively in favour of the countries participating in the said agreements or ventures. Provisions for such agreements or ventures shall be embodied in protocols, which shall enter into force for the Participating States concerned after the Standing Committee has declared their compatibility with this Agreement.Chapter IV – SAFEGUARD MEASURES AND CONSULTATIONSArticle 17Suspension of Concessions(i)If, as a result of the implementation of this Agreement, imports of a particular productincluded in the National List of Concessions of a Participating State originating in the territory of another Participating State or other Participating States, are increasing in sucha manner as to cause, or threaten to cause, serious injury to domestic industry thatproduces like or directly competitive products in the importing Participating State, the importing Participating State may suspend, provisionally and without discrimination, concessions included in its National List of Concessions in respect of that particular product and shall simultaneously notify the Standing Committee and enter into consultations with the other Participating State(s) concerned, with a view to reaching agreement to remedy the situation, keeping the Standing Committee duly informed of progress in these consultations.(ii)If agreement among the Participating States concerned cannot be reached within 90 days, the Standing Committee shall then seek to obtain a mutually acceptable solution thro ugh:(a) confirmation of the suspension; or (b) modification of the concession; or (c) itsreplacement by a concession of equivalent value. If the Standing Committee cannot reacha satisfactory solution within 90 days from that date, the Participating State(s) affected bythe suspension shall then be free to temporarily suspend the application to the trade of the Participating State which has taken such action of substantially equivalent concessions, subject to notification to and further negotiation for a mutually acceptable solution by the Standing Committee, which shall adopt its final decision by at least a two-thirds majority vote within 90 days following the date of receipt of the latter notification.(iii) The preconditions and circumstances for the legitimate application of safeguard measures shall, as far as possible, be the same as provided under the WTO Agreement on Safeguards.7Balance of Payments Restrictions(i)Notwithstanding the provisions of article 9 of this Agreement and without prejudice toexisting international obligations, a Participating State which finds it necessary to introduce restrictions on imports for the purpose of safeguarding its balance of payments may do so while endeavouring to safeguard the value of the concessions embodied in its National List of Concessions. If, however, such restrictions are applied by a Participating State in respect of products included in its National List of Concessions, such restrictions shall apply provisionally and without discrimination, and notice thereof must immediately be given to the Standing Committee with a view to negotiating a mutually satisfactory solution, in accordance with the procedures set out in articles 19 and 20 of this Agreement. Notwithstanding these consultation procedures, Participating States applying balance of payments restrictions with respect to products included in their National Lists of Concessions shall progressively relax such restrictions as their balance of payments situation improves and shall eliminate such restrictions when conditions no longer justify their maintenance.(ii)The preconditions and circumstances for the legitimate application of balance of payments safeguards shall, as far as practicable, be the same as provided under WTO’s Understanding on Balance of Payments Provisions of the GATT 1994.Article 19Remedy of Trade DisadvantagesIf, as a result of the implementation of this Agreement, significant and persistent disadvantages are created in respect of the trade between one Participating State and the others as a whole, those Participating States shall, at the request of the affected Participating State, accord sympathetic consideration to the representation or request of the latter, and the Standing Committee shall afford adequate opportunity for consultations with a view to taking the necessary steps to remedy such disadvantages through the adoption of suitable measures, including additional concessions, designed to further expand multilateral trade.Article 20Non-ComplianceIf a Participating State should consider that another Participating State is not duly complying with any given provision under this Agreement, and that such non-compliance adversely affects its own trade relations with that Participating State, the former may make formal representation to the latter, which shall give due consideration to the representation made to it. If no satisfactory adjustment is effected between the Participating States concerned within 120 days following the date on which such representation was made, the matter may be referred to the Standing Committee, which may decide to make to any Participating State such recommendation as it considers appropriate. If the Participating State concerned does not comply with the recommendation of the Standing Committee, the latter may authorize any Participating State to suspend, in relation to the non-complying State, the application of such obligations under this Agreement as the Standing Committee considers appropriate.8Dispute SettlementAny dispute that may arise among Participating States regarding the interpretation and application of the provisions of this Agreement or any instrument adopted within its framework shall be amicably settled by an agreement between the parties concerned. In the event of Participating States’ failure to settle a dispute among themselves, the dispute will be brought to the Standing Committee to resolve. The Standing Committee shall review the matter and make a recommendation thereon within 120 days from the date on which the dispute was submitted to it. The Standing Committee shall adopt appropriate rules for this purpose.Chapter V – THE STANDING COMMITTEE AND ADMINISTRATIONOF THE AGREEMENTArticle 22Standing CommitteeA Standing Committee, consisting of the representatives of the Participating States (hereinafter referred to as the “Committee”), shall meet at least once a year and be responsible for reviewing the application of this Agreement, carrying out consultations, making recommendations and taking decisions as required, and, in general, undertaking whatever measures may be required to ensure the adequate implementation of the objectives and provisions of this Agreement.Article 23Ministerial CouncilThe Participating States, for the purpose of supervising, coordinating and reviewing the implementation of this Agreement, establish a Council at minister level comprising of one minister from the relevant economic ministry of each Participating State. The Council shall meet at least once every two years, or whenever it becomes necessary. The Committee shall provide support to the Ministerial Council for the discharge of its responsibilities.Article 24Decision-MakingThe practice of decision-making by consensus will be the preferred practice of the Committee, and will be implemented whenever possible. If the need arises, however, the Committee shall, by a two-thirds majority vote, adopt such rules of procedure as may be required for the performance of its functions, provided that at least two thirds of the Participating States are present to cast votes. The Committee shall communicate with third countries and international organizations in matters relating to the interpretation and operation of this Agreement, and may request the technical advice and the co-operation of national and international organizations.9Chapter VI – REVIEW AND MODIFICATIONSArticle 25Review of the Agreement(i)At each session, the Committee shall review progress made in the implementation of thisAgreement, taking into account the objectives and principles set out in articles 2 and 3.(ii)At least once a year, the Committee shall make a critical review of reciprocal trade with a view to making the necessary corrections and improvements in the National Lists of Concessions to ensure that the benefits deriving from the application of this Agreement accrue to all Participating States in a mutually satisfactory manner, consistent with each country’s contribution to the Programme of Trade Liberalization set out in chapter II.(iii)Every three years the Committee shall undertake a major review in order to determine means of advancing the aims of promoting trade expansion among the developing member countries of ESCAP.Article 26Amendments to the AgreementExcept where provision for modification is made elsewhere in this Agreement all articles of this Agreement may be modified through amendments to the Agreement. Amendments to the provisions of chapters II and III and of article 26 shall become effective upon acceptance by all Participating States. For all other amendments, the Committee will make every effort to adopt a decision by consensus as to whether the amendments in question shall become effective; if a consensus decision is not reached, however, these amendments shall become effective upon acceptance by two thirds of the Participating States.Article 27Duration of Application of ConcessionsExcept for the special circumstances listed under chapter IV, the concessions contained in the National Lists of Concessions shall have a minimum duration of application of three years from the date of their entry into force. If at the end of that period they are modified or withdrawn, the Participating States concerned shall enter into consultations with a view to re-establishing a general level of the value of the concessions which shall be at least as favourable to their mutual trade as that existing prior to the modification or withdrawal.Article 28Replacement of ConcessionsIn the case of concessions withdrawn or modified in accordance with provisions set out under chapter IV, the Participating State concerned shall attempt to replace such concessions by other concessions of at least equivalent value.10。

我国已实施的区域贸易协定情况简介

我国已实施的区域贸易协定情况简介

我国已实施的区域贸易协定情况简介自20世纪90年代以来,中国积极参与区域经济一体化进程,已与多个国家签署了区域贸易协定(RTA),这些协定对促进双边或多边贸易和投资合作发挥了重要作用。

以下是中国已实施的区域贸易协定情况简介。

1.中国与东盟自由贸易区协定(CAFTA)中国-东盟自由贸易区协定是中国与东盟十个成员国之间的自由贸易协定,于2010年全面启动。

该协定的目标是促进贸易和投资自由化,加强经济一体化,并在参与国家之间建立更加紧密的合作关系。

CAFTA的签署对中国的出口和投资产生了积极影响,特别是在与东盟国家的双边贸易方面。

2.亚太贸易协定(APTA)亚太贸易协定是中国、印度、韩国、澳大利亚、新西兰和东盟等成员之间的多边贸易协定,于1995年生效。

该协定的目标是促进参与国家之间的贸易自由化,并通过协商一致的规则和纪律来维护多边贸易体系。

APTA的签署为中国与亚太地区的贸易和投资合作提供了便利。

3.区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)区域全面经济伙伴关系协定是东盟十国以及中国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚、新西兰等15个亚太国家之间的自由贸易协定,于2022年正式生效。

该协定的目标是建立一个全面的经济伙伴关系框架,通过促进贸易和投资自由化来加强经济一体化。

RCEP的签署不仅将促进中国与亚太地区的贸易和投资合作,还将成为全球最大的自由贸易区之一。

4.中巴自由贸易协定(FTA)中巴自由贸易协定是中国与巴基斯坦之间的自由贸易协定,于2005年生效。

该协定的目标是促进双边贸易和投资合作,通过降低关税和非关税壁垒来提高贸易便利化程度。

中巴FTA的签署为两国之间的经济合作提供了良好的平台,特别是在货物和服务贸易领域。

5.中国-智利自由贸易协定(FTA)中国-智利自由贸易协定是中国与智利之间的自由贸易协定,于2005年生效。

该协定的目标是促进双边货物和服务贸易,通过降低关税和消除非关税壁垒来提高贸易便利化程度。

此外,该协定还涉及知识产权保护、电子商务、政府采购等领域的合作。

《亚太贸易协定》原产地证书

《亚太贸易协定》原产地证书

原产地标准
90 80 原产地标准把原产品分为两类: • 由于地理的原因或运输的需要,允许货物经过第 70 一是完全原产品(完全获得产品),全部采用 三国领土,不管是否在国境国转换运输工具或暂 60 本国原材料,且在本国完成加工制作。 存货栈,其条件是:货物一直处于该过境国海关 东部 50 的监督下,未投入当地市场销售或交付当地使用, 西部 40 二是非完全原产品,是指产品在生产过程中 北部 以及除卸装和为使货物保持良好状态而做的必要 30 全部或部分地使用了非原产(包括原产地不明的) 20 处理外,未在那里进行过任何再加工。 原料或零件,这些原料或零件在出口国经过充分 10 加工或制作,其性质和特征达到了实质性改变的 0 程度。 第一季度 第二季度 第三季度 第四季度
90 80 70 60 50 40 备案登记 30 20 向企业发送合格 企业电子申请10 网上审核 或更改信息 0 第一季度 第二季度 第三季度
原产地调查
原产地证书签证操作程序
东部 西部 北部
审核签证
企业领证
第四季度
企业修改
• 原产地证申请所需单据 • 一般性单据:申请书、发票、箱单、提单 • 特殊情况: • (1)产品含有非原产成分,提交《产品成本明细单》; • (2)产品为异地生产,提交《异地货物原产地调查结果 单》或要求异地生产企业到当地检验检疫局做产品备案; • (3)产品需要进一步核查的,根据要求提交证明材料。



区域价值成份
区域价值成份又称国内增值标准或百分比标准。 它是根据产品中所含的本国成份或进口成份占产 品价值的百分比来确定该产品是否经过实质性改 变的标准。
《亚太贸易协定》中明确:非完全原产品必须满足区域价值 成分标准(即百分比标准)或产品特定原产地标准,方可享 受优惠关税减让。

《亚太贸易协定》中文版

《亚太贸易协定》中文版

亚洲及太平洋经济和社会委员会发展中成员国关于贸易谈判的第一协定修正案(曼谷协定)《亚太贸易协定》序言认识到按照亚洲经济合作部长理事会《喀布尔宣言》的决议,并在《喀布尔宣言》设立之政府间贸易发展规划委员会通过的《亚洲贸易发展规划》框架内迫切需要采取行动,实施亚太经社会发展中成员国之间的贸易发展规划,在亚太经社会第三十一届大会通过的《新德里宣言》所含原则的指引下,认识到贸易之扩大可通过利用专业化和规模经济的好处来扩大投资和生产机会,从而为人们提供更多的就业机会和保证更高的生活水平,是对国家经济发展的强大推动力,铭记着通过实施优惠来扩大各自的货物进入对方市场的机会并达成贸易安排,促进合理、外向的生产和贸易的重要性,注意到国际大家庭已充分认识到鼓励发展中国家在国际、区域和次区域各个层次建立优惠制的重要性,特别是联大关于制定《联合国第二个发展十年的国际发展战略》的决议、《建立新的国际经济秩序宣言》和《建立新的国际经济秩序行动纲领》,第二届贸发会议通过的《关于发展中国家之间贸易发展、经济合作和区域一体化的共同宣言》、《关贸总协定》第四部分以及《服务贸易总协定》第5条和相关决议,进—步注意到发展中国家已经作出了一些重大决定,以促进发展中国家之间诸如全球贸易优惠制的优惠贸易安排,深信亚太经社会发展中成员国优惠制的建立与其他国际论坛所作的努力互为补充,能为发展中国家之间的贸易发展作出重要贡献,孟加拉人民共和国政府、中华人民共和国政府、印度共和国政府、老挝人民民主共和国政府、大韩民国政府和斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国政府达成如下协议:第一章总则第一条定义为本协定之目的,应适用以下定义:(一)“参加国”指向亚太经社会执行秘书交存加入书或批准书,并同意遵守本协定义务的国家。

(二)“原参加国”指孟加拉人民共和国、印度共和国、老挝人民民主共和国、大韩民国和斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国。

(三)“亚太经社会发展中成员国”指亚太经社会工作大纲第三段和第四段中的国家,包括将来对工作大纲所做的任何修正。

亚太贸易协定定义

亚太贸易协定定义

亚太贸易协定定义亚太贸易协定是指亚太地区各国家和地区之间达成的一项贸易协议,旨在促进亚太地区内的贸易自由化和经济一体化。

该协定旨在消除贸易壁垒、促进贸易自由化、优化贸易环境,为亚太地区的经济发展提供良好的机遇和条件。

亚太地区是全球最具活力和潜力的经济区域之一,包括了亚洲、大洋洲和一些太平洋岛国。

在亚太地区,存在着丰富的资源和巨大的市场潜力,各国之间的经济联系日益紧密。

然而,由于各国之间的贸易壁垒和限制,阻碍了贸易和投资的自由流动,制约了亚太地区经济的发展。

亚太贸易协定的签署旨在打破这些贸易壁垒,加强亚太地区内的合作与联系。

该协定涵盖了贸易领域的多个方面,包括关税和非关税壁垒、服务贸易、投资、知识产权保护等。

通过降低关税、简化贸易手续、提供更好的市场准入条件等措施,亚太贸易协定为参与国家和地区的企业提供了更广阔的市场和更有利的贸易环境。

亚太贸易协定的签署对亚太地区的经济发展有着重要的意义。

首先,通过消除贸易壁垒和促进贸易自由化,亚太贸易协定有助于扩大贸易规模,提高贸易效率,降低贸易成本,从而促进亚太地区内的贸易和投资活动。

其次,亚太贸易协定还有助于推动亚太地区的产业升级和经济结构调整,提高各国的竞争力和创新能力。

此外,亚太贸易协定还有助于促进亚太地区的区域合作和政策协调,加强各国之间的经济联系和互信,为亚太地区的和平与稳定作出贡献。

然而,亚太贸易协定也面临一些挑战和困难。

首先,亚太地区的国家和地区众多,各自的经济发展水平和市场需求存在差异,协商和达成一致并不容易。

其次,亚太贸易协定需要各参与方在国内履行承诺,采取实际行动来履行协定的规定和要求。

同时,亚太贸易协定还需要建立有效的监督和纠纷解决机制,确保各方的权益得到维护和保障。

为了推动亚太贸易协定的有效实施,各参与国家和地区应加强沟通和合作,共同解决存在的问题和困难。

同时,各方还应加强相关的经济政策协调,推动亚太地区的经济一体化进程。

此外,亚太贸易协定的实施还需要各参与方加强内部的改革和调整,提高自身的竞争力和适应能力。

《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则

《亚太贸易协定》原产地规则

附件二亚太贸易协定原产地规则根据《亚太贸易协定》第八条享受优惠待遇的货物,其原产地应按以下标准确定:第一条原产产品《亚太贸易协定》框架下优惠贸易中,一参加国从另一参加国按本协定第五条的规定直接运输进口的货物,如符合原产地规定的下列任一情况,应享受优惠待遇:(一)根据第2条定义,完全在出口参加国境内生产或获得的货物;或(二)根据第3条或第4条的规定,非完全在出口参加国境内生产或获得的货物。

第二条完全生产或获得的货物第一条(一)中,下列情况被视为完全在出口参加国境内生产或获得:(一)从本国的土壤、水域、或海床中开采或提取的原材料或矿产品1;1包括矿物燃料、润滑剂及相关矿产品,同时包括矿石及含金属岩石。

(二)在本国收获的农产品2;(三)在本国出生和饲养的动物;(四)在本国从上述(三)动物中获得的产品;(五)在本国狩猎或捕捞的产品;(六)由本国船只3和4在公海捕捞的鱼类和其他海产品;(七)由本国加工船4和5上加工或制造上述(六)所列产品获得的产品;(八)从本国不具原有用途,且不能再使用的废旧物品中回收的零件或原材料;(九)从本国收集的废旧物品,其已不具原有用途,并不再能被储藏或修复,只能被丢弃或从中回收零件或原材料;(十)在本国加工制造过程中产生的废碎料;(十一)利用上述(一)至(九)项所列产品在本国加工所得的产品。

第三条非完全生产或获得的货物2包括林业产品。

3“船只”是指从事商业捕捞作业的渔业船舶,在一成员国注册并由该成员国的一个或多个公民和/或政府经营,其法人或团体的合伙人也应于该成员国注册。

该成员国内公民和/或政府所持的该船舶的资产净值至少应为该船舶的60%;或者各成员国的公民和/或政府所持的该船舶的资产净值至少应为该船舶的75%。

但根据成员国间租借船只或分享收获的双边协议在专业捕捞船只上获得的产品也应享受优惠待遇。

4由政府机构经营的船只或加工船不应执行悬挂成员国国旗的要求。

5本协定中,“加工船”是指特定用于在船上仅对上款(六)中的产品进行加工和/或生产的船只。

亚太贸易协定

亚太贸易协定
亚太贸易协定
贸易协定
目录
01 现有成员国
03 意义
02 历史沿革
《亚太贸易协定》前身为签订于1975年的《曼谷协定》,是在联合国亚太经济社会委员会主持下,为促进南 南合作,在发展中国家之间达成的一项优惠贸易安排。中国于2001年正式加入《协定》。
2020年10月23日,蒙古国加入《亚太贸易协定》
从经济角度来讲,《曼谷协定》对我国在东亚和南亚地区的发展尤为重要。《曼谷协定》成员国的人口达24 亿,约占世界人口的40%。具有潜在的和巨大的商品销售市场。据我国海关统计,1994年我国与《曼谷协定》成 员国之间的贸易额为133亿美元,2003年已发展为728.6亿美元。前后相比,我国与《曼谷协定》成员国的贸易额 成倍增长。一方面反映出我国经济的健康发展,另一方面还反映出我国与《曼谷协定》成员国在经济上的相互依 存关系也在不断的加深。我国加入《曼谷协定》后,给该组织注入更大的活力,同时进一步促进各成员国之间的 经贸往来和发展。据有关专家研究结果,曼协现有成员间贸易潜力估计为1490亿。
现有成员国
中国、孟加拉国、印度、老挝、韩国、斯里兰卡和蒙古国
历史沿革
《亚太贸易协定》的前身为《曼谷协定》(First Agreement on Trade Negotiations among Developing Member Countries of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific)。 该协定是在联合国亚洲及远东经济委员会(The Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East,后改名 为联合国亚洲及太平洋经济和社会委员会The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 简称联合国亚太经社会,ESCAP)。《曼谷协定》是亚太区域中唯一由发展中国家组成的关税互惠组织,其宗旨 是通过该协定成员国对进口商品相互给予关税和非关税优惠,不断扩大成员国之间的经济贸易合作与共同发展。

亚太贸易协定

亚太贸易协定

中国—东盟六国正常降税模式
税率(X) X≥20 15≤X<20 10≤X<15 5≤X<10 X≤5
2005 20 15 10 5 不
2007 12 8 8 5 变
2009 5 5 5 0 0
2010 0 0 0 0 0
中国-东盟自由贸易区降税安排 China-ASEAN FTA
中国与东盟4个新成员国(越南、老挝、柬 埔寨和缅甸),也将于 2015 年实现 90 %零 关税的目标,建成自贸区。其中:老挝、 缅甸至2009年1月,越南至2010年已将50 % 税目的关税降至 0-5%;柬埔寨将在2012年 1 月将 50 %税目的关税降到 0-5 %,在 2013 年将 40 %税目的关税降到零。 2015 年这四 国(老挝、缅甸、柬埔寨、越南) 90 %的 关税都将降为零。
中国-东盟自由贸易区降税安排 China-ASEAN FTA
从 2005 年 7 月 1 日起,正常产品根据降税模式 开始 全面 降 税 。 即 对原 产 于中国和东盟的 7000 多个税目的产品相互给予优惠关税待遇, 以自由贸易区的税率实现彼此货物的通关。 东盟6个老成员国(文莱、印度尼西亚、马来 西亚、菲律宾、新加坡、泰国)对中国的平 均关税已从12.8%降低到0.6%
中国-东盟自由贸易区降税安排 China-ASEAN FTA
2010年1月1日起,中国-东盟自贸区正式建成, 这是涵盖18.5亿人口、近2万亿美元国内生产 总值、1.2万亿美元贸易总量的经济区。是在 发展中国家之间组成的最大的区域贸易集团。 中国与东盟6个老成员国已基本全面实现货物 贸易自由化,对90%以上产品实行了零关税。
东盟是东南亚联盟( ASEAN) , 成立于1967年,面积448万平方 公里,人口 5.77 亿, GDP1.4 万 亿美元,外汇 1.9 亿美元,是经 济最具有活力的地区之一。东 盟的 10 个成员国中,文莱、印 度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、 新加坡、泰国加入东盟的时间 比较早,是东盟的老成员,经 济相对发达;柬埔寨、老挝、 缅甸和越南是东盟新成员。
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附件1:亚洲及太平洋经济和社会委员会发展中成员国关于贸易谈判的第一协定修正案曼谷协定(亚太贸易协定)序言认识到按照亚洲经济合作部长理事会《喀布尔宣言》的决议,并在《喀布尔宣言》设立之政府间贸易发展规划委员会通过的《亚洲贸易发展规划》框架内迫切需要采取行动,实施亚太经社会发展中成员国之间的贸易发展规划,在亚太经社会第三十一届大会通过的《新德里宣言》所含原则的指引下,认识到贸易之扩大可通过利用专业化和规模经济的好处来扩大投资和生产机会,从而为人们提供更多的就业机会和保证更高的生活水平,是对国家经济发展的强大推动力,铭记着通过实施优惠来扩大各自的货物进入对方市场的机会并达成贸易安排,促进合理、外向的生产和贸易的重要性,注意到国际大家庭已充分认识到鼓励发展中国家在国际、区域和次区域各个层次建立优惠制的重要性,特别是联大关于制定《联合国第二个发展十年的国际发展战略》的决议、《建立新的国际经济秩序宣言》和《建立新的国际经济秩序行动纲领》,第二届贸发会议通过的《关于发展中国家之间贸易发展、经济合作和区域一体化的共同宣言》、《关贸总协定》第四部分以及《服务贸易总协定》第5条和相关决议,进—步注意到发展中国家已经作出了一些重大决定,以促进发展中国家之间诸如全球贸易优惠制的优惠贸易安排,深信亚太经社会发展中成员国优惠制的建立与其他国际论坛所作的努力互为补充,能为发展中国家之间的贸易发展作出重要贡献,孟加拉人民共和国政府、中华人民共和国政府、印度共和国政府、老挝人民民主共和国政府、大韩民国政府和斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国政府达成如下协议:第一章总则第一条定义为本协定之目的,应适用以下定义:(一)“参加国”指向亚太经社会执行秘书交存加入书或批准书,并同意遵守本协定义务的国家。

(二)“原参加国”指孟加拉人民共和国、印度共和国、老挝人民民主共和国、大韩民国和斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国。

(三)“亚太经社会发展中成员国”指亚太经社会工作大纲第三段和第四段中的国家,包括将来对工作大纲所做的任何修正。

(四)“最不发达国家”指由联合国确认的最不发达国家。

(五)“产品”指包括以原材料、半加工和加工形式出现的所有制成品和初级产品。

(六)“同类产品”指与考虑中的产品完全相同的产品或者如无此种产品,则为尽管并非在各方面都相同,但具有与考虑中的产品极为相似特点的另一种产品。

(七)“关税”指参加国国别税则中的关税。

(八)“边境税费”指除关税外,在外贸交易中只对进口产品征收的类似关税作用的费用,而非以同样方式对同类国内产品征收的间接税费。

对特定服务征收的进口费用不属于边境税费。

(九)“非关税措施”指除关税和边境税费之外,对进口起限制作用或严重扭曲贸易的任何措施、法规或做法。

(十)“优惠幅度”指最惠国税率和同类产品优惠税率之间的百分比差,而非这两者之间的绝对差。

所以,(十一)“减让价值”指其他参加国按照各参加国在本协定项下同意的国别减让表的关税或非关税优惠所获得的好处的总和。

在实行关税优惠的情况下,如保持了优惠幅度,减让价值应视为得到了保持。

(十二)“严重损害”指优惠进口产品剧增,对国内同类产品的生产者造成严重损害,出现%100⨯-=最惠国税率协定优惠关税最惠国税率优惠幅度收入剧减,短期生产和就业不可持续的情况。

对国内相关产业的影响评估也应包括对影响该产品国内产业的其他相关经济因素和指标的评估。

(十三)“严重损害威胁”指优惠产品进口剧增的状况会对国内生产者造成严重损害,这种损害尽管还不存在,但却即将发生。

确定严重损害威胁应基于事实而不仅仅是指控、推测、间接或假设的可能性。

第二条目标本协定的目标是通过持续扩大亚太经社会发展中成员国之间的贸易来促进经济发展,采取互利的与各国现在及将来发展和贸易需求相一致的贸易自由化措施,进一步加强国际经济合作。

第三条原则本协定应遵循以下总原则:(一)为使所有参加国能公平地享受利益,本协定应以总体互惠和互利的原则为基础;(二)参加国之间的贸易关系应遵循透明度、国民待遇和最惠国待遇原则;(三)应清楚地认识到最不发达参加国的特殊需求,并就对其有利的具体优惠措施达成一致。

第二章贸易自由化规划第四条减让谈判本协定还应包括以下有关安排:(一)关税;(二)边境税费;(三)非关税措施。

参加国可按照以下任何一种或多种方法和步骤进行关税减让的谈判:(一)产品对产品;(二)全面关税减让;(三)部门减让。

关税减让谈判应以各参加国适用的现行最惠国关税为基础。

为进一步扩大本协定及实现本协定的目标,参加国应定期进行谈判。

第五条减让的实施各参加国应对列入本国减让表的原产于所有其他参加国的产品给予关税、边境费和非关税的优惠待遇。

减让表作为本协定的附件一是本协定不可分割的组成部分。

第六条非关税措施各参加国应采取与其发展需要和目标相一致的适当措施逐步放宽可能影响减让表中的产品进口的非关税措施。

参加国之间关于技术性贸易壁垒及卫生和植物卫生措施的问题,在可行的情况下,应根据世界贸易组织关于这些问题的规定来处理。

参加国亦应在透明度的基础之上,相互提供减让产品的非关税措施表。

第七条给最不发达参加国的特殊减让尽管有本协定第五条的规定,任何参加国均可给予最不发达参加国以特殊优惠,此种特殊优惠应适用于所有最不发达参加国,但不适用于其他参加国。

这些特殊优惠应包括在给予优惠的参加国的减让表中。

第八条原产地规则作为本协定附件的减让表中的产品,如果符合附件二关于原产地规则的规定,即可享受优惠待遇。

附件二是本协定不可分割的组成部分。

第九条保持优惠减让的价值除另有规定,为保持减让表中优惠减让的价值,除本协定生效前已有的费用和措施,各参加国不得通过实施新的税费或措施限制商业往来,抵消或降低这些优惠减让的价值,除非所征税费符合下列条件:(一)对类似的国内产品征收的国内税;(二)反倾销税或反补贴税;或(三)与提供的服务成本相当的费用。

第十条重新确定优惠幅度如因修改税则,一参加国降低或抵消了给予其他参加国的优惠减让价值,该国应在合理时间内采取双方接受的补偿措施重新确立等值的优惠幅度,或按本协定第四章的规定迅速与其他参加国协商,谈判达成双方满意的减让表修改。

本条中所指的合理时间是指从发布税则修改通知之日起的6个月内。

超过这一期限的参加国应为此提供正当理由。

第十一条本协定的范围本协定应涵盖所有以原材料、半加工和加工形式出现的制成品和初级产品。

就边境和非边境措施,参加国应探索更多的合作领域以支持贸易自由化。

这些措施还可包括标准的协调、相互承认产品的检测和认证、宏观经济咨询、贸易便利化措施和服务贸易。

第三章贸易扩大第十二条贸易扩大与多元化为保证贸易的稳定和不断扩大并且更加多元化,各参加国同意遵循以下各项规定的目标和条款,并按照各自国家的政策和程序,争取迅速实施:(一)各参加国须尽最大可能相互给予原产于任何一参加国的进口产品以不低于本协定生效前实施的优惠待遇。

(二)在一参加国领土内,原产于另一参加国的产品在税收、税率和其他国内税费方面享有的优惠待遇应不低于该参加国对其国内同类产品的待遇。

(三)各参加国应共同努力,不对其他参加国当前或潜在出口利益的产品设置或增加关税、边境税费及非关税措施。

为确定属于本项范围内的产品,各参加国应随时提交产品清单,由常委会决定此类产品的清单。

(四)各参加国应在必要时采取适当措施以加强合作,特别是在海关管理方面,以便利本协定的实施,并简化和统一互惠贸易的程序和手续。

为此目的,常委会应实施必要的管理行为。

(五)各参加国应在可行的情况下,遵守相关WTO协定,包括《关于实施1994年关税与贸易总协定第6条的协定》以及《补贴与反补贴措施协定》,以确保适用本协定条款时不违反WTO有关规定。

(六)各参加国应采用最新版的世界海关组织《商品名称及编码协调制度》作为共同的税则,在可行的情况下,以协调制度6位税目为基础进行进一步谈判。

(七)各参加国应通过进一步谈判,采取步骤扩大对彼此有出口利益的产品的优惠范围和减让价值。

为此,常委会应随时采取行动计划以加速谈判进程,包括增加谈判技术和考虑确立谈判具体目标的可能性。

第十三条便利条件、利益、特许、豁免或特权的扩大在贸易方面,一参加国给予原产于或准备售与任何其他参加国或任何其他国家的产品的便利条件、利益、特许、豁免或特权,应立即无条件地扩大到原产于或准备售与其他参加国的同类产品。

第十四条不适用优惠待遇第十三条的规定不适用于各参加国所给予的下述优惠:(一)通过双边贸易协定给予其他参加国和第三国的优惠;(二)在本协定生效之前,专门给予其他发展中国家的优惠;(三)给予本协定第7条项下的最不发达国家的优惠;(四)给予由各参加国归类为经济发展处于相对落后阶段的其他参加国的优惠,且这种优惠并不要求后者予以完全互惠。

常委会应随时确定哪些参加国应被视为这类经济发展处于相对落后阶段的国家;(五)一参加国给予与其共同建立经济一体化集团的任何其他参加国和(或)亚太经社会其他发展中国家的优惠;(六)一参加国在第16条的权限内,给予与其签订产业合作协议或在其他生产部门建立合资企业的任何其他参加国和(或)其他发展中国家的优惠。

虽有上述例外,但各参加国应采取必要步骤,使其与第三国所签订协定的条款与本协定的条款最大可能地协调。

第十五条对最不发达参加国的特殊考虑各参加国应给予最不发达参加国提出的技术援助及合作安排的请求以特殊考虑,以帮助他们扩大与其他参加国间的贸易并享受此协定的潜在利益。

第十六条特别关税及非关税优惠范围的扩大各参加国同意考虑扩大特别关税和非关税优惠产品的范围,包括部分参加国或所有参加国之间、和(或)与亚太经社会其他发展中成员国达成的产业合作协议及其他生产部门合资企业的产品。

这种优惠专门对参加上述协议或合资企业的国家实施。

关于此类协议和合资企业的规定应包括在议定书中,且应在常委会宣布与本协定相协调后对有关参加国生效。

第四章紧急措施和磋商第十七条减让的中止一、如因实施本协定,列入一参加国国别减让表的原产于另一参加国或其他参加国的某项产品的进口增加,并对进口参加国生产同类产品或直接竞争产品的国内产业造成严重损害或构成严重损害威胁,则该进口参加国可以临时地、无歧视地中止其国别减让表中该项产品的减让,同时通知常委会,并开始与有关参加国磋商,以达成协议,改善此状况,并随时告知常委会磋商的进展情况。

二、如有关参加国在90天以内未达成协议,则常委会应通过下列措施寻求双方可接受的解决办法:(一)确认中止减让;或(二)修改减让;或(三)以等值的减让替代。

若常委会自该日起90天内未能达成一项满意的解决办法,则受减让中止影响的参加国有权对采取中止减让行动的参加国的贸易暂时中止基本等值的减让,但须通知常委会并为双方接受的解决办法进一步谈判。

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