上海市松江二中2015届高三上学期开学考试英语试题

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上海市松江二中11-12学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

松江二中11—12学年度第一学期期中考试试卷高三英语第一卷I. Listening ComprehensioSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In New York. B. In Boston.C. In Philadelphia.D. In Washington.2. A. She is very polite. B. She is pleasant to talk with.C. She is not a pleasant person.D. She doesn’t like to talk very much.3. A. Winter is his favorite time for sports. B. Sports always interest him.C. He may be interested in sports.D. He plays better than he used to.4. A. To go to the football match. B. To watch TV.C. To take part in the football match.D. To stay at home.5. A. She would like one. B. She wouldn’t like one.C. He is very kind to her.D. He is a kind-hearted man.6. A. He punished him. B. He praised him.C. He mistook him.D. He obeyed him.7. A. She will fix his button. B. She will ride the school bus.C. She will prepare breakfast.D. She will do some washing.8. A. Nobody. B. The woman’s parents.C. The woman.D. The woman and her parents.9. A. 1:00. B. 1:10 C. 1:05 D. 1:1510. A. Because she is boring.B. Because she needs a present.C. Because she wants to change her job.D. Because she wants to tell the man a story.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She will have three ways to choose.B. She may either try to enter a university or look for a paid job.C. She may look for a paid job and get ready for marriage.D. She can get married without the parents’ cons ent.12. A. The age of sixteen means the beginning of marriage.B. The age of sixteen refers to the beginning of the complete independence from theparents.C. It is against the English law for a child to get married under the age of 16.D. The English marriage law permits children under 16 to get married.13. A. When she is 16. B. When she has go to 17.C. When she has reached 18.D. When she is more than 18. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. America. B. China. C. Japan. D. California.15. A. 1957. B. 1982. C. 1980 D. 1985.16. A. Cubs born on foreign soil would belong to China and would have to be returnedafter their infancy.B. In may panda Hua Mei born in California of the United States returned to SichuanProvince, Southwest China.C. Panda Xiong Bang returned to his ancestral land yesterday, becoming the firstgiant panda born in a foreign land to come back to China this year.D. Xiong Bang, the 2-year-old cub born in Japan, arrived by ship in Beijing yesterday. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. GrammarSection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. —I have been told that the flood in Thailand killed more than 300 people anddestroyed many buildings.— Yes, _____ news came as _____ shock to me.A. the / theB. the / aC. a / theD. a / a26. —Mrs. White looks old _____ her age.—Yes. It worries her most _____ her hair is turning gray.A. at / whileB. in / ifC. for / thatD. for / for27. Hundreds of visitors visited the charity funfair, _____ as much as $65,000 for the floodvictims in South-East Asia.A. having raisedB. to raiseC. raisedD. raising28. To succeed in a scientific research project, _____.A. persistence is neededB. one needs to be persistentC. great efforts should be madeD. much work has to be done29. Something as simple as _____ some cold water may clear you mind and relievepressure.A. to be drinkingB. having drunkC. being drinkingD. drinking30. The dance performed by the disabled actors is really a hit, but years ago, no one_____ have imagined they were to achieve such great success.A. shouldB. mustC. couldD. might31. _____146 kilograms, the woman had great trouble walking about.A. WeighingB. WeighedC. Being weighedD. To weigh32. _____ of his own that he was aware of the hardships and joy.A. Not until he started a businessB. Until he started a businessC. It was not until he started a businessD. It was until he started a business33. The company I work in has now introduced a new policy _____ pay rises are related toperformance at work.A. whichB. thatC. whetherD. whose34. The conclusion _____ the police came to _____ the boss was as much to blame asanyone else for the great fire didn’t satisfy everyone.A. where / thatB. which / itC. that / whenD. that / that35. When she got to know that she had passed the interview, the girl went to bed with agreat weight _____ off her mind.A. takingB. taken C, to take D. being taken36. -- I’m frustrated after so many failures. I can’t see any hope.-- Behind every misfortune _____!A. does an opportunity lieB. is an opportunity lyingC. lies an opportunityD. an opportunity lies37. According to the annual report, the output of coal of the company last year was_____ .A. more than 60 percent in 2006B. 60 percent more than 2006C. 60 percent more than that in 2006D. more than 60 percent that in 200638. How long do you think it will be _____ I can go back to work?A. beforeB. whenC. untilD. that39. The companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best meansof transport in the 21st century.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who40. According to some scientist , every human being, _____, gives off body heat.A. what he is doingB. however he is doingC. whatever is he doingD. no matter what he is doingSection BDirections: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more. than you need.A wave of shock and sadness swept across the globe on October 5 as the news of Steven Jobs’ death spread worldwide. It was soon followed by a global outpouring of condolences. Shanghai was no ___41___ as thousands of people stopped by the local Apple stores to pay their ___42___. Mourners left behind flowers, red apples, and notes of condolence as a tribute to such a brilliant man.In 2005, Steve gave the commencement speech at Stanford University in California. During this speech, Steve shared three stories from his life. The first story he called “connect the dots.” He talked about a series of events in his life ---- his unlikely adoption, coming from a poor family, ___43___ out of college, collecting pop bottles for money, and taking a calligraphy class. Looking back on these seemingly ___44___ events, Steve realized that it was this path that led him to success. He encouraged people to follow their intuition and “trust that the dots will somehow connect” in their future.In his second story, Steve shared his embarrassing experience of being ___45___ from Apple ---- the company he started. It seemed like the end of his career, but he followed his passion and ___46___ vision and started Pixar, the most successful animation studio in the world.The ___47___ story in Steve’s speech is now a little haunting. He spoke of death. He ___48___ every young person in the audience that “death is a destination we all share… Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life.”Steve Jobs ___49___ followed his own advice, for his was a life well lived. May we all take a lesson from his example, and remember, as Steve once said, “the ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed byyoung people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 50 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 51 they were not sufficiently punished for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 52 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status，or as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 53 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative(不确定的) and are 54 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 55 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 56 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 57 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 58 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 59 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 60 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 61 was common in the traditional family 62 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 63 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence (发生率) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 64 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.50. A. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting51. A. before B. unless C. until D. because52. A. return B. reply C. reference D. response53. A. on B. in C. for D. with54. A. sensitive B. resistant C. subject D. similar55. A. affect B. reduce C. check D. reflect56. A. point B. lead C. come D. amount57. A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at length58. A. case B. short C. turn D. return59. A. survived B. noticed C. undertaken D. experienced60. A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. simultaneously61. A. than B. that C. which D. as62. A. system B. structure C. concept D. heritage63. A. expense B. restriction C. allocation D. availability64. A. provided B. since C. although D. supposingSection BDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A qualified doctor rarely practised but instead devoted his life to writing. He once said,“Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover. ” Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modern short story.When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family. After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less. Checkhov’s medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference many of his characters show to tragic events. In 1892, he became a full-time writer and published some of his most memorable stories.Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small towns of Russia. Tragic events controlled his characters who were filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair.It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov’s stories and plays. He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters. Chekhov’s works combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity of an artist.Some of Chekhov’s works were translate d into Chinese as early as the 1940s. One of his famous stories, “The Man in a Shell”，about a school teacher’s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students.65. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov__________ .A. had a lawful loverB. was an illegal writerC. used to be a lawyerD. was a capable doctor66. In 1880, Chekhov _______________. .A. became a full-time writerB. studied medicine in Moscow UniversityC. practiced medicine in his hometownD. published his most memorable stories67. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives can’t be used to describeChekhov?A. Sensitive.B. Calm.C. Quick-minded.D. Warm-hearted.68. Which of the following is the right order of the events?a. became a doctorb. became a full-time writerc. started to publish comic short stories.d. wrote regularly for a local daily newspapere. entered the Moscow University Medical SchoolA. e c a d bB. d a b c eC. e c b a dD. a e c b d(B)Here is a poster on a middle school web site. Read the web-site poster.Going, Going, Gone!The Haynes Middle School Parent—T eacher Organizationinvites you to attend our latest fund-raiser,The Fourth Annual Haynes School Auction!Saturday, May 106:00 pm — 11:00 pm in the school hall6:00 pm — 6:30 pm: All items for auction are previewed.6:30 pm — 7:00 pm: Silent auction begins.7:00 pm — 7:30 pm: Highest bidders(出价人) from silent auction are determined.7:30 pm — 11:00 pm: Main auction begins.Items up for bid in the silent auction range in value from $ 5.00 to $ 30.00.Items up for bid in the main auction include the following:●Airline tickets to a place of your choice●Weekend getaways at first-class hotels●Season tickets to the Chicago Bears football game●$ 50 gift tickets to local gift shops, restaurants, and salons●Theater tickets to The Merchant of VeniceDon’t miss the boat! Book your tickets today.Last year, tickets sold out in five days!Tickets are sold on a first-come, first-served basis.$ 15.00 per personAll the money from the auction will be given to the Haynes School computer lab.69. Which of the following is not mentioned as being up for bid at the auction?A. A movie pass to the local cinema.B. A weekend stay at a hotel.C. A ticket to a restaurant.D. Airline tickets.70. The more items that are given or bought for auction, _______.A. the less money that will be charged for the tickets to the auctionB. the more money that can be raised to support the computer labC. the faster the tickets will be sold to the auctionD. the higher the value that will be placed on the items in the silent auction71. The phrase “first-come, first-served” tells you that _______.A. people can buy the tickets on the first day onlyB. the person who is first to arrive will receive a ticket at no chargeC. food and drinks will be served at the auctionD. tickets are sold in the order of who arrives first to buy them(C)The science of meteorology(气象学) is concerned with the study of the structure, state, and behavior of the atmosphere. The subject may be approached from several directions, but the scene cannot be fully appreciated from any one vantage point. Different views must be combined to give the whole picture.One may consider the condition of the atmosphere at a given moment and attempt to predict changes from that condition over a period of a few hours to a few days ahead. This approach is covered by the branch of the science called synoptic meteorology.Synoptic meteorology is the scientific basis of the technique of weather forecasting by means of the preparation and analysis of weather maps and aerological diagrams(高空气象图). The practical importance of the numerous applications of weather forecasting cannot be overestimated. In serving the needs of shipping, navigation, agriculture,industry and many other interests and fields of human activity with accurate weather warnings and professional forecast advice, great benefits can be earned in the form of the saving of human life and property and in economic advantages of various kinds. One important purpose of meteorology is constantly to try, through advanced study and research, to increase our knowledge of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the accuracy(精确性) of weather forecasts.The tools needed to advance our knowledge in this way are the disciplines of mathematics and physics applied to solve meteorological problems. The use of these tools forms that branch of the science called dynamic(动力的) meteorology.72. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. The Limitations of Meteorological ForecastingB. New Advances in Synoptic MeteorologyC. Approaches to the Science of MeteorologyD. The Basis of Dynamic Meteorology73. The predictions(预测) of synoptic meteorologists are directly based on the .A. application of the physical sciencesB. preparation and study of weather mapsC. expected needs of industryD. observations of commercial airline pilots74. The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to .A. more money used in meteorological researchB. greater protection of human lifeC. a higher number of professional forecastersD. less specialized forms of synoptic meteorology75. In the last sentence of the passage, the phrase “these tools” refers to .A. weather forecastsB. meteorological developmentsC. mathematics and physicsD. economic advantagesSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters, From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.(E)Children who live past their fifth birthday have a much greater chance of living to adulthood and old age because their bodies are stronger and better able to fight off the diseases that many younger children succumb to（死于---）. In fact, the longer a person lives, the greater his or her chances of reaching older ages. For example, someone who has lived to 100 is much more likely to reach 101 than someone who has just reached 90, even though the 100 year old has a very high and increasing chance of dying in the next year.Life-threatening events and personal habits, however, may reduce the chances of living a long, productive life. In fact, some countries succeeded in improving the infant and under-5 mortality rates（死亡率）between 1980 and 1998 but still saw a decline in life expectancy at birth. More and more, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (the leading cause of deaths in low- and middle-income countries) and AIDS, and chronic diseases caused by smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, high-fat diets, and stress-relatedillnesses are stealing years from the lives of men and women around the world. In addition, women and adolescent girls risk early deaths due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth, especially in countries with limited medical resources or a lack of family planning, or where women's health needs are neglected.81. Which group of children are more likely to escape early death?__________________________________________.82. The longer a person lives, the greater ____________________________________.83. Women and adolescent girls are likely to lose their lives because of ____________.84. What factors decrease the chances of quality life?__________________________________________________________________.第II卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 任何人想要实现梦想都不是容易的事。

上海市松江二中2015-2016学年高一上学期英语周测卷(一)

松江二中高一（上）英语周测卷（一）II. Choice: (15%)17. ---Is this raincoat yours?---No, mine ______ there behind the door.A.is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung18. Those ______ agreed to the suggestion raised their hands high.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whom19._______, she bought the expensive dress_____.A. looking her best, without hesitatingB. To look best, without hesitationC. To look her best, without hesitationD. Looking her best, without hesitation20. I don’t like the way ______ you talk to y our parents.A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. in that21 .It is raining outside. I wonder ______he will come or not.A. ifB. whenC. whetherD. how22. Sorry, could you repeat it? My mind was not on what you ______just now.A. were sayingB. are sayingC. saidD. have said23. She is very traditional. She prefers _____ formally to ______ sports clothes.A. to dress, wearB. dressing, wearC. to dress, wearingD. dressing, wearing24. There were so many people in the meeting room that I didn’t even get a chance_____ Mr. Wang ,______ in the firm.A. of talking a senior employeeB. to talk, a higher employeeC. of talking to, a higher employeeD. to talk to, a senior employee25. A young clerk who looked _____, stood up, _____ the paper from the desk and ran out.A. not happily, pick upB. unhappy, picked upC. not happy, pick upD. unhappily, pick up26. The teacher asked Tom_____ his hand if he had any question_____.A. to put up, askingB. to put up, to askC. to put on, askingD. to put on,to ask27. His report is _____ a survey, and it is worth _____ again.A. more than, being discussedB. as well as, discussingC. as well as, being discussedD. more than, discussing28. Is this museum _____ you visited last week?A. whereB. whichC. the oneD. that29. That was the second time that I _____ Shanghai, one of ______ cities in China.A. visited, the most bigB. have visited, the biggestC. had visited, the biggestD. visit, the most big30. His sudden _____ from the party made all of us _______.A. arrival, disappointingB. disappearance, disappointedC. disappearance, disappointingD. arrival, disappointedⅢ. Choose one of the words or expressions from the box to complete each sentence. (4%)A. expressionB. communicateC. without hesitationD. employeesE. assistanceF. remarkedG. glancedH. appearance32.The firm has over 500 _____________.33.They can _____________ in different languages.34.The company provides advice and ___________ in finding work.35.She _____________at me with a sweet smile.36.She agreed to the plan of building a new school ___________ .37.John ____________ that he had learned the news before.38.The __________ on her face was very strange.39.Don’t pay much attention to your ____________ .IV. Cloze: (10%)Some people are just sure to be failures. That’s how some adults look at troublesome kids. Maybe you’ve heard the saying, “A bird with a broken wing will __40__ fly as high.” I’m sure that T.J. Ware, who was caught stealing a year ago, was made to feel this way almost every day at school.At high school, Ware was always making trouble. He didn’t answer qu estions, got into lots of fights and was __41__ from school at times. Teachers didn’t want to have him again the following year.I met Ware for the first time at a meeting. All the students at school had been invited to __42__ for a program designed to have students become more active in their communities. The program included group discussion and voluntary work in their neighborhoods.In the beginning, Ware just stood by, not ready to join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive games __43__ him in… At the end of the meeting, he joined the Homeless Project team. He knew much about __44__, hunger and helplessness. The other students on the team had never seen Ware making such a long, moving speech. They were __45__ with his passionate concern and ideas, so they elected Ware to be chairman of the team with a majority vote.Two weeks later, Ware led a group of 70 students to collect __46__. They collected a school record:2,854 cans of food in just two hours. It was enough to feed needy families in the area for 75 days. The local newspaper __47__ the event with full-page article the next day. After that, Ware started showing up at school every day and answering questions from teachers.Ware’s change __48__ us that a bird with a broken wing only needs mending. Once it has __49__, it can fly higher than the rest.40. A. sometimes B. always C. never D. still41. A. absent B. different C. driven D. free42. A. take up B. make up C. sign up D. put up43. A. took B. caught C. tempted D. drew44. A. poverty B. fighting C. robbery D. courage45. A. disappointed B. surprised C. impressed D. bored46. A. food B. money C. accomodation D. furniture47. A. spread B. covered C. printed D. wrote48. A. requests B. ensures C. reminds D. requires49 A. repaired B. realized C. protected D. healedV. Reading:)(30%)(A)Think for a moment about the teachers you have had at school or at university. Which one did you like best? And Why? Were the teachers you liked best also the ones who were the best teachers, in you opinion? Before you read any further, consider for a minute the qualities that make a teacher outstanding(出色).Some very common answers to this question are that teachers need to love their students, that they need to have an expert knowledge of their subjects, and that they should devote themselves completely to their jobs. All of these ideas are, of course, true to a certain extent(程度)but they are perhaps a little too simple.It is impossible for anyone to love everyone they know, and teachers deal with a very large number of students over the years. On the other hand, teachers should certainly be able to make their students feel that they are interested in them as people and in the development of both their characters. A deep knowledge on to the students effectively-a teacher needs to be trained in the skills of teaching. These skills include how to control a class, and so on. Finally, teachers have to devote a lot of time and energy to their work, of course. However, they are also models that their students must follow; so it is important that they should be well-balanced people with interests outside their school work-family, friends, hobbies, etc. A teacher who only lives for work is likely to become too narrow-minded.50. The writer suggests that you think about your teachers at school or university so that_______A. you may remember them betterB. you may select outstanding teachersC. you may learn from outstanding teachersD. you may know the qualities for outstanding teachers51. The writer does not consider it possible for a teacher_______A. to love all the students he has taughtB. to be an example for his students to followC. to have a good command of the subjects he teachesD. to pass the knowledge on to his students effectively52. In the sentence “…teachers should certainly be able to make their stud ents feel that they are interested in them as people …” in the third paragraph, “they” and “them” refers respectively to __________.A. teachers and teachersB. students and teachersC. teachers and studentsD. students and students53. It can be concluded from the passage that_______.A. even if a teacher has a good knowledge of his subjects, he cannot be a good teacher if he doesn’t have the ability to pass that knowledge on to his students.B. it is unnecessary for teachers to spend much time and energy on their work if they do have an expert knowledge of their subjectsC. teachers should be trained to love all of their students they are teaching or have taughtD. most teachers are born with such skills as how to explain an idea clearly(B)In 1974, the price of petrol in Britain rose by 120 percent; cars became expensive to run and train and bus fares increased．People who hadn't used a bicycle since they were children decided that they would buy bicycles．They discovered that cycling could be enjoyable and cheap．Bicycle sales had been falling for many years but suddenly everything changed．In 1975, British people spent more than one million on bicycles．Bicycle traffic increased by 11 percent．Bicycle fans compare the cost of running a car with the cost of running a bicycle．They also say bicycle-riding is a good form of exercise．In towns bicycles can often be faster than cars or buses．The bicyclists can ride through traffic jams and at the end of his journey he doesn't have to look for a parking space．Cycling through the countryside is a real pleasure; the cyclist has time to see things that the motorist, driving at over 100 kilometers an hour, never sees．But in the cities, cycling can be dangerous．You need good concentration(专心)and strong nerves, especially when a truck or a bus is trying to pass you．Since cycling became popular again, there has been an increase in the number of accidents．Cyclists say the answer to the problem is to separate bicycles from other traffic．Stevenage, a new town near London, has a system of “bikeways”, where only bicycles are allowed to travel．However, in most towns, cyclists say, the needs of the bicycle riders are overlooked．Cyclists have formed into “action groups” in many towns in Britain．They want to persuade local councils－who are in charge of the roads and traffic in theirareas－to make sure there are safe facilities(设施)for cyclists．Or, they say, interest in cycling will die．54．Today the Britain want to ride bikes because _________.A．trains and buses are too crowded.B．the cost of riding bikes is much cheaper than that of taking trains or buses.C．there are a lot of thieves on the trains or in the buses.D．the traffic accidents easily happen while people go to work by train or by bus.55. What is special about traffic in Britain today?A. More and more people ride bikesB. More and more people like to take trainsC. Taking trains is much safer than taking buses.D. No people like to take buses.56. The main reason for so many peo ple’s riding bikes in England is that _______.A. bike-riding does good to peopleB. a bike is easy to take care ofC. a bike is much cheaper than a carD. there is no need of a parking place for a bike57. Riding bikes has many strong points, but when it becomes popular _______.A. a lot of bikes will be crowded in the public places.B. there will easily be more and more traffic accidentsC. fewer and fewer people will take a train.D. a lot of bus-drivers and trainmen are out of work(C)I looked at the evening sun from my hospital room. They had given me all their tests and still they didn’t realize how wrong they are. They said I had a malignant(恶性的), inoperable tumor（肿瘤）, about the size of a softball between my left lung and breast bone. Obviously, this couldn’t be. I was only 67, at the start of the golden years. Yet, they said, the thing had been quietly growing inside my chest for a year or more.Next, they asked questions about my family history, my illness, and operations. Then came the big one: Did I smoke? For how long? I had never added it up before. From a start at age 17, I had been smoking averaging a carton（条）a week. That habit, most doctors agree, is the cause of some 80 percent of lung cancer. “We think we can give some time. However, in your case there is no cure.” Dr. Robert Putuys said kindly. With my family’s longevity record. I shall live into my 80’s.But now I was told to have about a 50/50 chance of making it six months. Fifteen years lost. Each of my 520,000 cigarettes cost me more than 15 minutes of life, each carton more than two days. I would have to kick the habit.My cigarettes lay on the bedside table. they were always ready to be companion During college stress, wartime anxiety, complicated family situations and career pressure, I had turned to them for relief. But now. I realized with surprise, they meant nothing to me. So don’t be discouraged f you’re a smoker. Keep on smoking, enjoy it. You’ll break the habit easily if you get cancer. And you will stop it, friend, you surely will.58. In the sentence “I had never added it up before”, “It” refer to _______.A. the number of cigarettesB. the question asked by doctorsC. the time of his smoking experienceD. the disease he suffered from before59. According to the passage, Dr. Robert Putuys implies that ________.A. there’s no hope for the writer to recover from his cancerB. other patients with this disease might live longerC. since his cancer is caused by smoking, they will do nothing about it.D. the doctor will leave him some time to give up smoking60. The tone of the writer in the last paragraph is being _________.A. happy and carefreeB. sad and humorousC. nervous and anxiousD. painful and desperate61. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A.since the writer has enjoyed smoking for so long, he can never give if upB.most of heavy smokers like the writer will suffer from lung cancer sooner or laterC.the writer is determined to give up smoking once he is out of hospital.D.the writer suggests you enjoy smoking while you are young for cigarettes can be your best.(D)The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye. In the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone experience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Cole man is black. He spent 11 years with IBM; half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant, to the likes of AT & Coca-Cola. Prudential and Merch Coleman says that based on what he' s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image 30%; and exposure, a full 60%.Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won' t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who like Coleman feel that the scales （障眼物）have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get a head--that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She adds, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they' ye gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility（能见度）." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.（聚光灯照明圈）62．To achieve success in your career,the most important factor, according to the passage, is to_______. A．let your superiors know how good you areB．show a favorable image to the people around youC．work as a consultant to your superiorsD．perform well your tasks given by your superiors63．The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they________.A．know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB．don't want people to think that their promotions are due to sex or colorC．don't want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsD．believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color64．The best title for this passage would be________.A．Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementB．The Importance of Being VisibleC．Job Performance and AdvancementD．Sex and Career Success第Ⅱ卷Ⅰ.Tenses (10%)1.Our school soccer team __________ (win) every match so far this year, but they still have three more games to play.2.we won’t go for a picnic if it __________ (rain) tomorrow.3.Once __________ (ask) in the classroom, you should stand up and answer the teacher’s questions.4.His father __________ (tell) that he was not allowed to park his car on the playground.5.Don’t let those who are not ol d enough __________ (enter) the game room.6.Something has __________ (do) to stop the tough guys bullying the small boys.7.I am considering __________ (make) a new plan for our trip.8.The theory __________ (prove) to us that earthquakes can be forecast.9.I tried my best to do what I could __T________ (help) those poor people.10.I’ve never thought that the silk __________ (sell) so well especially in the West.Ⅱ. Translation: (15%)1.那位高级雇员对Simon的肢体语言做出了评价。

上海市松江二中2015届高三上学期开学考试英语试卷 Word版含答案

上海市松江二中2015届高三上学期开学考试英语试卷第I卷（103分）I. Listening Comprehension (24分)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.2. A. In the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.3. A. By car. B. By bike. C. By bus. D. On foot.4. A. The English test took place a week ago.B. The woman was confident about the English test.C. Tomorrow’s English test will be easy.D. There won’t be an English test tomorrow.5. A. She doesn’t like English poetry. B. Poetry class is very popular.C. Dr. Robinson is easy to get along with.D. The course will be difficult.6. A. Five feet tall. B. Only one foot tall. C. Six feet tall. D. Seven feet tall.7. A. Go to the library. B. Go to see a film.C. Get some exercise.D. Do homework in school.8. A. It is 4: 10 now. B. It is 4: 20 now. C. It is 4: 50 now. D. It is 5:00 now.9. A. He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B. He has made great progress in his English.C. He is a student of the music department.D. He is not very interested in English songs.10. A. He has always been so productive. B. He got his job done within a minute.C. He finished the paper just in time.D. He hasn’t finished his paper yet.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long. B. When directions are short.C. When homework is given.D. When your mother talks.12. A. Your pen and paper. B. A few words.C. Your mind and ears.D. Some pictures.13. A Topics or page numbers. B. Key words or a picture in mind.C. Some details.D. School assignments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is based on individual need, personal goals and different life styles.B. It is decided by the healthiest lifestyle.C. It is based on some tests and comparison with standards.D. It is based more on individual needs than personal goals.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CDirections: In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（26分）Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.25. —Can he take charge of the computer company?—I’m afraid it is ______ his ability.A. beyondB. withinC. ofD. to26. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, ______ of them answered it.A. eitherB. noneC. neitherD. nobody27. The higher the oil price is, ______ to the global economy.A. the more damage will it causeB. the more it will cause damageC. the more damage it will causeD. the more will it cause damage28. ______ at the very beginning, the financial crisis was getting worse and worse in America.A. Not dealt with properlyB. Not dealing with properlyC. Not having dealt with properlyD. Not being dealt with properly29. The custom of giving gifts at Christmas can be traced back to the Wise Men ______ gifts to the baby Jesus.A. bringB. broughtC. bringingD. being brought30. The driver______, according to the newspaper, to have been killed in the traffic accident.A. saidB. was sayingC. was saidD. had been said31. If a computer crashes, you will lose the file you ______ unless you save it regularly.A. are workingB. workC. will workD. worked32. The building burnt down in a big fire. ______ was the base on which it stood.A. What remainedB. All remainedC. What was remainedD. All what remained33. To our surprise, that top student in our class failed ______ a scholarship.A. obtainB. obtainingC. to obtainD. obtained34. I feel honored to introduce Mr. White to you, without ______ consideration our projectwould have ended in failure.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. who35. ______ advertisements are of great help, I don’t think we should entirely rely on them.A. SinceB. WhileC. OnceD. As36. No one knows ______ prevented the rumor from spreading.A. what was it thatB. what it was thatC. how it was thatD. why it was that37. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. So were curious the coupleD. So was the couple curious38. Joe’s______ in the get-together surely brought us a lot of pleasure as he is a man with astrong sense of humour.A. joiningB. having been joinedC. joinedD. had joined39. After John stayed in shanghai for a couple of days, he got the impression ______ the citywas very fascinating.A. whichB. whyC. whereD. that40. Don’t leave the chocolates ______ Cathy can get them. They are not good for teeth.A. whetherB. in whichC. whereD. unlessSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canIf you are a modern art lover, you should be sure to drop by the Saatchi Gallery during your visit to London. The 41 gallery was opened by Charles Saatchi, a British art collector famous for founding the Saatchi and Saatchi advertising agency with his brother. It moved from its old 42 in St. John’s Wood to its new home in County Hall near the Thames in the springof 2003.Anyone who has heard reports in the past of the often shocking but always thought-provoking (激发) works on 43 at the Saatchi Gallery will not be disappointed when visiting the gallery’s new location. Along with the exhibits of new British artists, the gallery still includes the works of Damien Hirst, the Chapman brothers, and Tracy Emin in its permanent 44 .Of the artworks, one can see in the Saatchi Gallery, Hirst’s works are probably the most well-known. Hirst’s work first made headlines in the early 1990s when he45 art from dead animals.Along with Hirst, the Chapman brothers, Dinos and Jake, also owe a certain amount of their fame to the Saatchi Gallery. It was through Saatchi that these two brothers came to 46 attention. At the gallery, visitors can see the brothers’ vision of Hell, made from 30, 000 plastic toy soldiers.Another artist 47 at the gallery who has grabbed headlines with her art is Tracy Emin. In 1998, Emin gave rise to argument when she sold her 48 , unmade bed to Saatchi as a work of art titled My Bed at ￡150, 000.Are any of these works really art? That is a question you will have to answer for yourself when you visit the Saatchi Gallery. Charles Saatchi himself says, “I don’t have any ground rules for 49 art. Sometimes you look and don’t feel very comfortable with it—but that doesn't tell you very much. It doesn't 50 reveal much about the quality of the work.”III. Reading Comprehension （53分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Around 15 million of us will leave a cup of tea to go cold today while a similar amount will forget where they put the keys to their house or car.Meanwhile, 12 million go to the shops only to 51 forget what they went for—and the same will forget about 52 washing in the machine, according to the survey 53 by .PIN numbers, passwords and chores such as taking food out of the freezer the night before and 54 your mobile phone also stood highly on the list. And more than one in ten 55 forgetting to buy a lottery ticket which may have 56 them a win.Modern busy lifestyles and increased 57 as well as modern technology were 58 the increase in our levels of forgetfulness.A National Lottery spokesman said: “We are busier than ever in our work and personal lives and it seems we just have too much to remember for our 59 minds.”The study found the technology has also played a part, leaving us with more gadgets(小装置) than ever before to 60 and charge or take care of.61 work pressures it is within the home environment where most things are forgotten, such as credit card 62 , children’s school events or food related things.The study found one in four people have 63 an important appointment and nearly one in five have fallen out with a friend over a forgotten date or event.Women are much better than men in the report, failing to 64 an average of two and ahalf things every day 65 to 3.5 things for men.51. A. completely B. fortunately C. barely D. mostly52. A. freezing B. elegant C. formal D. wet53. A. experimented B. conducted C. applied D. commanded54. A. loading B. forgetting C. charging D. remarking55. A. deny B. admit C. forbid D. avoid56. A. entitled B. purchased C. consumed D. cost57. A. pressure B. rank C. logic D. weight58. A. led to B. blamed for C. brought about D. confirmed59. A. crowded B. conscious C. impatient D. accurate60. A. dive in B. insert in C. push in D. plug in61. A. Despite B. Though C. In spite D. Moreover62. A. illustrations B. thefts C. payments D. journals63. A. missed B. made C. drawn D. concluded64. A. ignore B. remind C. recall D. assure65. A. devoted B. contributed C. opposed D. comparedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent.I no longer consider myself the center of universe. I show up. I listen. I try to laugh. I was a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows(誓约)mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion, the bigger paycheck, the larger house.Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who loves you. And remember that love is not leisure, it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking for granted.It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, and our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all.I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned.66. How did the writer form her view of life?A. Through social experienceB. By learning from her friendsC. Through an unfortunate experienceD. From her children and husband67. The sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live.” means that people tend to______.A. waste a lot in lifeB. work rather than enjoy lifeC. make a living rather live a real lifeD. forget the most important lessons in life68. It can be inferred from the passage that______.A. The author likes travelling very muchB. The author did not try her best to work wellC. The author spent all her time caring for childrenD. the author is a success in personal life69. The best title for this passage probably is______.A. Love your friendsB. Live a real lifeC. Don’t waste t imeD. Be a good wife and mother(B)OUR KIDS ARE AMAZING－especially compared with everybody else’s (who seem to cry all the time). How do you show your love for your kids this holiday season? With toys that are smooth and colorful, interactive and exciting. And with ones that have educational value－because you are the boss.A. ROBOSAPIENB. MINI PEDAL CARC. FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SETD. TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL71. Which toys are fit for three-year-old kids?A. 1 and 3.B. 2 and 4.C. I and 2.D. 3 and 4.72. This passage is written for ______.A. parentsB. childrenC. the salesmanD. the boss(C)Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧）levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.73. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ______.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there74. Earlier studies about northern forest fires ______.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming75. The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means ______.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. disturbed76. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ______.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy(D)Is Positive Thinking Powerful?The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhapp y they are. The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In the 1990s, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment. The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled, expressing little sympathy for them. When these participants were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experim ent, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.77. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?A. There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems.B. Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people.C. The power of positive thinking is limited.D. Unhappy people cannot think positively.78. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. you are pointing out the mistakes he has madeB. you are not taking his mistakes seriously enoughC. you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligentD. you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults79. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?A. Self-approval can bri ng a positive change to one’s feelings.B. People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.C. It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect.D. Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.80. It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______.A. people can avoid making mistakes through meditationB. different people tend to have different ways of thinkingC. meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapyD. the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person(E)Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions and complete the statements in the fewest possible words.An addiction（瘾）is an activity or substance we are eager to experience repeatedly, and for which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol, cigarettes, food, drugs, gambling, etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be helpful in coping with addictive behavior.Relatively minor addictions, such as watching too much television, or lying in bed on weekend mornings, are often not even considered addictions, because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand, we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who, at least in the eyes of others, continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become clear that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career, house, family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use, but is unwilling to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences, to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned, with much area in between. Although it is not necessarily true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time, yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g., overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be surprised to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym, the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health, energy, self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions, positive addictions may not get stronger over time, and there is a broad range of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior, and the satisfaction that is felt when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of tension and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon, there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.81. What does the passage mainly talk about?___________________________________________________________________________. 82. We use the term “addict” to describe a person when he or she goes on ________even though he or she knows it is not worthwhile.83. Why is exercising in the gym considered to be a positive addiction?___________________________________________________________________________. 84. How do people feel when the urge is acted on?___________________________________________________________________________. (Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)第II卷（47分）I. Translation (22%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、中国文化与西方文化是不同的。

上海市八校2015届高三上学期期中联考英语试题 PDF版无答案

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徐汇区,松江,金山2015二模卷英语

徐汇区高三英语二模卷2015.4 II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines (25) we age and that makes time move quickly.We perceive time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the (26) (likely) you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly, the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as (27) years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we (28) (accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember (29) happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we‟ve never done, recommend dishes we‟ve never tasted and suggest places we‟ve never been. Such an app (30) make our lives more varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.(31) such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It‟s not too difficult to push (32) to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences（吊唁，慰问）on behalf of the nation, and made it clear that he will have every single resource that he needs (33) (investigate) this heinous（令人发指的）crime, care for the victims, comfort their families.(34) ______ (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years. And each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would — as a parent. And that wasespecially true today. I know there‟s not a parent in America who doesn‟t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (35) died today were children — beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them —birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (36) (fall) were also teachers —men and women who devoted their lives to (37) (help) our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today — for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who (38) (lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children‟s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) it‟s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago —these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we‟re going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies (40) this, regardless of the politics.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. instructionsB. randomC. highlyD. revealedE. simplyF. establishedG. situations H. confirmed I. senses J. common K. routinesPosting a photo of the food you‟re about to eat on WeChat has become a daily ritual（惯例；仪式）for many. Often this food in the photo isn‟t as appealing to those looking at it, but scientists are now claiming taking a photo of your food before you eat it makes it taste better.Researchers at University of Minnesota‟s Carlson School of Manage ment claim taking a photo puts you in the moment and in doing so, heightens your (41)______. The person taking the photo will, on some level, feel the motivation to continue the practice.Researchers wondered about the power of rituals after noticing the funny (42)______ that people often perform before eating and drinking. They conducted experiments to investigate whether these kinds of habitual behaviour influences taste.In the first experiment, some participants were asked to eat a piece of chocolate following a detailed set of (43)______: …Without unwrapping the chocolate bar, break it in half. Unwrap half of the bar and eat it. Then, unwrap the other half and eat it.‟The other participants were (44)______ instructed to relax for a short amount of time and then eat the chocolate bar however they wanted.The results showed that those who had performed the ritual rated the chocolate more (45)______, enjoyed it more, and were willing to pay more for the chocolate than the other group.A second experiment (46)______ these findings, showing that (47)______ movements don‟t produce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also (48)______ that a longer delay between ritual and consumption enhanced these effects, even with a common food like carrots.While these rituals may seem insignificant, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite amazing. And while rituals are (49)______ before mealtimes, they could play a role in other (50)______, too.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An e xamination is a very important part of life, which is used to test a person‟s ability. But as you know many of us has (51)_____ and are afraid of it. Though they know that exams are there for their benefit, they still have a lot of fear for it. It is very often we find such people. You will find such people a little anxious and a little stressed about their exams. Many a time such nerves can be (52)_____ and useful to you, for others it‟s nerve wrecking.To overcome these nerves we got some tips for you. Don‟t get too excited about the exams and for that don‟t drink too much of the coffee or tea to cope up with the exam (53)_____. Eat a healthy and proper diet and don‟t worry about the exams while eating. Stress can be harmful to you (54)_____ sometimes. It can cause a lot of problems in your body, which can be increased heartbeat and breath, sweating palms, nervous attitude, stressed about exams, etc...Before moving to the examination hall you prepare thoroughly about the exams. For that firstly make a list of what is to be studied and then make an overlook for that. Now divide each subject into some easy sub-classes. Go through some (55)_____ question papers and study your earlier mistakes made in it. Make a perfect schedule for your study. Overlook the (56) _____ used for answering the questions I mean their pattern and style of writing. Solve few more question papers to achieve a proper time (57)_____. Take some quick breaks in your study time so that you can (58)_____ an interest in your study.Now while taking the exams just relax, control your breath and believe in yourself. Don‟t panic and be optimistic. Try to reduce your stress and be happy. Don‟t (59)_____ at least an hour before the exams, just get yourself calmed down. Keep your focus on the paper and tell yourself that you are (60)_____ prepared. For exams reach before the time and try to (61)_____ in the surroundings. Don‟t listen to any of the exam rumours before exams. If you still can‟t control your exam stress then go for some meditation or hypnosis（冥想或催眠）.Yes, hypnosis, a real good and (62)_____ way to control your nerves and reduce your stress. It can be seen that a person‟s whole life changes completely only from few of the(63)_____ instructions. In hypnosis a person directly deals you‟re your subconscious mind instead of your conscious mind. The fact is your subconscious mind is a lot more (64)_____ and following than your conscious mind, so instructing correctly to your subconscious mind results terrific in reducing your nerves. Hypnosis reduces your fear of failure and (65)_____ a sense of confidence in you. It decreases your negativity and forces you to think positively about your exams. You also multiples your potential. You simply need to get your hands on the hypnosis for examination MP3. This is easily downloadable and you‟ll be well on your path to combating and overcoming the condition.51.A. interest B. panic C. faith D. concept52.A. motivating B. suffering C. shocking D. spreading53.A. participation B. motivation C. expansion D. tension54.A. mentally B. physically C. continuously D. exhaustingly55.A. previous B. patient C. personal D. current56.A. preparations B. lessons C. schedules D. techniques57.A. administration B. management C. limitation D. scale58.A. entertain B. contain C. maintain D. complain59.A. revise B. rush C. instruct D. discuss60.A. normally B. informally C. comparatively D. completely61.A. mix B. resolve C. adjust D. focus62.A. instructive B. significant C. effective D. romantic63.A. appropriate B. splendid C. original D. negative64.A. impatient B. obedient C. ordinary D. desirable65.A. enjoys B. shakes C. generates D. generalizesSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThere were so many nights when I, as a young boy, had to watch helplessly as my father verbally and physically abused my mother. I can still recall the smell of alcohol, see the fear in my mother‟s eyes, and feel the hopeless misery that comes when we see people we love hurting each other in incomprehensible ways.I would not wish that experience on anyone, especially not a child. If I settle down in those memories, I can feel myself wanting to hurt my father back, in the same ways he hurts my mother and in ways of which I was incapable as a small boy. I see my mother‟s face and I see this gentle human being whom I loved so very much and who did nothing to deserve the pain imposed upon her.When I recall this story, I realize how difficult the process of forgiving truly is. Intellectually, I know my father caused pain because he was in pain. Spiritually, I know my faithtells me my father deserves to be forgiven as God forgive us all. But it is still difficult. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced live on in our memories. Even years later they can cause us fresh pain each time we recall them.Are you hurt and suffering? Is the injury new, or is it an old, unhealed wound? Know that what was done to you was wrong, unfair, and undeserved. You are right to be outraged. And it is perfectly normal to want to hurt back when you have been hurt. But hurting back rarely satisfies. We think it will, but it doesn‟t. If I slap you after you slap me, it does not lessen the sting I feel on my own face, nor does it weaken my sadness as to the fact you have struck me. Revenge gives, at best, only momentary relief from our emotional pain. The only way to experience healing and peace is to forgive. Until we can forgive, we remain locked in our pain and locked out of the possibility of experiencing healing and freedom; locked out of the possibility of being at peace.Without forgiveness, we remain tied to the person who harmed us. We are bound with chains of bitterness, trapped. Until we can forgive the person who harmed us, that person will hold the keys to our happiness; that person will be our jailer (监狱看守).When we forgive, we take back control of our own fate and our feelings. We become our own liberators. Forgiveness, in other words, is the best form of self-interest. This is true both spiritually and scientifically. We don‟t forgive to help the other person. We don‟t forgive for others. We forgive for ourselves.66.Why did the writer mention the story of his father‟s abuse of his mom?A. Because he loved his mom and wanted to fight back someday.B. Because his father finally realized his own mistake and was forgiven.C. Because witnessing his mom‟s suffering is still hurting him and has no way to relieve.D. Because he felt that he was spiritually relieved from the pain through forgiveness.67.The writer wrote the article in order to tell people that _____.A. we may never heal our pains or sufferings in the heart unless we learn to forgiveB. we should never forget the sufferings buried in our heartsC. we may get tied to the person who harmed us all through lifeD. we shouldn‟t worry about the pains we caused, since forgiving is always easier thanimagined68.What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?A. Hurting back does no good to relieving one‟s own hurts, but forgiving.B. If someone slaps you, you just slap back, which will lessen your pain.C. The sufferings we have witnessed or experienced will live on in our memories for ever.D. After being hurt, if one wants to experience healing and freedom, he should forget thehurt.69.Which of the following statements is the closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?A. In order to help others, we should stop forgiving and fight back.B. The purpose of our forgiving is not to help other people.C. Our forgiving is also useful to helping others, though they may have hurt us.D. Only by forgiving others can we help them to be good people.BWriting a book review is not like writing a fiction, where you have your freedom to express any type of literary mood. Here, you are limited within the scope, which is related only to the book or the literature and nothing else. To write a proper literary review, you should follow some important dos and don‟ts, which are discussed here.Top 3 dosSelect a literature of your choice and read it thoroughly. If required, you should read it multiple times, before you really frame up the literary review in your mind. While reading, try to assimilate the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind the book and also to analyze all the characters and events described in the literary piece. Start to pen down your literary analysis only when you have a complete understanding of the book, and not before that.Prepare your write-up based on your understanding of the book. Since you are reviewing the book, your opinion plays an important role here. If you prefer any particular character or any particular instance from the book, then expose that character or the situation in your review, to give it more importance. Also determine your preference with supporting logic. Ultimately it is your understanding of the book, and it can differ from others‟ viewpoint. But you should stick to your opinion.Follow a proper format to construct your book review. It should have a proper introduction and a conclusion, other than the usual subject body. Distribute the subject body in chapters and paragraphs, to give a nice, structured look. Also, add a list of reference material at the end of the book. A structured material always carries a good impression and also, it helps the reader to go through the article at ease.Top 3 don’tsBook reviews are not exactly meant for writing a summary on the books. The objective of writing a book review is to arouse the curiosity in the mind of the readers. If someone mentions everything in the summary then the actual intention is lost.As mentioned earlier, one should not cross your limit to write a literary review. Do not bring up unnecessary topics to increase the length of the write-up, which is not at all related to the book. The readers want to learn about the book and not something irrelevant. Also, a smart and crisp writing helps to create a positive impression.You can go through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparing your article. But that should be completely with the intention of getting help in your understanding of the book. These reference items will help to strengthen your grip on the subject. But, you should never copy a single line of text from any other document or write-up. Plagiarism(剽窃), in any form, is a punishable offence by law. It will also destroy yourreputation and close all the future avenues in this field.If you can follow the above dos and don‟ts religiously to write a book review, then it is going to be more original and interesting.70.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “assimilate”inparagraph 2?A. stimulateB. fertilizeC. digestD. enhance71.The purpose of writing a review on a book is _____.A. to show your understanding of the thoughts and philosophy of the author behind thebookB. to show that you really stick to your own opinion though you‟ve read the bookC. to arouse reader s‟ curiosity to read more books on irrelevant topicsD. to spark reader s‟ interests in finding the book and reading it72.Which of the following is NOT true about the “dos”?A. Before writing a book review, you‟d better read it thoroughly or many times.B. Write down your literary analysis when reading the book.C. If you are interested in certain situation in the book, you can hardly give it too muchimportance in your review.D. A good review consists of a proper introduction and a conclusion, as well as anice-structured subject body.73.The following statements are “don’ts” when writing a summary except _____.A. going through reference books or articles on your subject, before you start preparingyour articleB. presenting all the detailed description of the book in the summaryC. the thought or action of putting anything irrelevant to the book into the summaryD. any forms of copying the text from others‟ written workCThe orangutan (红毛猩猩), the most inactive of the great apes,has unusually stable DNA, too. Researchers have just completed thesequencing(序列) of the entire genome(基因组) of ourorange-haired relative, and they have found to their surprise that itsDNA has changed much less dramatically over time than has that ofhumans or chimpanzees. “The orangutan is very unique,” says DevinLocke, a structural geneticist heading the orangutan sequencingproject.The orangutan genome had one other big surprise. Locke andcolleagues sequenced six Sumatran and five Bornean orangutans,which are classified as different species. The apes have been physically separated for at least 21,000 years—the last time land bridges between the two islands existed—and earlier studies estimated that they became distinct species more than 1 million years ago. But the new analysis, reported online today in Nature, rewrites history: it appears they parted ways just 400,000 years ago. “Most previous studies used small sets of markers and a limited amount of DNA sequence,” says Locke. “The statistical power is so much greater when you ha ve the whole genome available.”The orangutan now joins chimpanzees and humans as the third great ape to have its genome sequenced. “The orangutan genome is a wonderful resource,” says evolutionary geneticist Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. “It will help clarify how each part of human and African ape genomes are related to each other and evolved.”Such insights are already coming in. Orangutans originated some 12 million to 16 million years ago, giving their genomes much more time to evolve than those of humans and chimpanzees, which split into their own lineages（血统）5 million to 6 million years ago. But a comparison of the three genomes shows that humans and chimpanzees lose or gain new genes at twice the rate of orangutans.The reason may have to do with stretches of DNA called retrotransposons. These key drivers of evolution jump around the genome, creating new genes, damaging existing ones, or altering gene regulation. The new data reveal that common retrotransposons known as Alu elements have moved around the orangutan genome much less than they have in the human and chimpanzee genomes. “I don‟t want to say that …Alu retrotransposition events‟ are shut off in orangutans, but they‟ve been covered up,” says Locke.The researchers also discovered that, over time, the structure of orangutan chromosomes （染色体）has changed little, which may be linked to the Alu element finding. Other researchers have suggested that the strong and healthy structural variation in humans and chimps may have stimulated increased intelligence. But Locke notes that orangutans are also highly intelligent. “If orangutans have had very little structural variation, maybe this decouples structural variation from intelligence,” he says.A separate but related study published today in Genome Research reports yet another unexpected finding from a comparison of the three great ape genomes. A team led by Mikkel H. Schierup and Thomas Mailund of Aarhus University in Denmark (both co-authors of the Nature report) discovered that some regions of the human genome more closely resemble the orangutan than the chimpanzee. This reflects the fact that at the time humans split off from a common ancestor with chimps, both species had the same ancestral orangutan DNA. But humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of years. In the process, chimps for mysterious reasons lost some orangutan DNA that humans kept possession of.More surprises are sure to come as researchers compare the genomes of even more apes. Projects to sequence the other two great apes, gorillas and bonobos, are under way.74.Orangutans from two islands, Sumatran and Bornean, became different species since______.A. at least 21,000 years agoB. over 1 million years agoC. some 12 million to 16 million years agoD. 400,000 years ago75.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?A. Compared with the DNA of orangutan, chimpanzee‟s is less changed over time.B. Only three apes‟ genomes have been sequenced up to now.C. Humans‟ ancestors stepped on their way of evolution 12 to 16 millions years ago.D. Chimpanzees gain new genes faster than orangutans do in evolution.76.The reason of orangutan‟s little change in DNA is that _____.A. this species is not as active in intelligence as humans or chimpanzees.B. the newly identified Alu elements is believed to have played a special roleC. Alu retrotranspositions in orangutan are shut off during the course of evolutionD. orangutan‟s low intelligence fails to stimulate the change of its DNA77.Some region of human genome is more similar to that of orangutan than chimp‟s because_____.A. human and orangutan share the same ancestor, but chimp doesn‟tB. humans and chimpanzees have evolved separately for millions of yearsC. chimps failed to hang on to orangutan DNA for some unknown reason, but human didn‟tD. chimps didn‟t act as actively as humans, resulting in their losing some critical orangutanDNASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.____________________________________________Technology means different things to different people. A physician might think of technology as a way to produce a new medicine. To a space engineer, it might mean making better rocket engines. Technology is so wide spread that it is part of everyone‟s life. Originally, the word technology comes from the Greek word techne, which means “art”. You might think that art means only paintings or sculpture. But the Greeks believed an artist could make useful products from natural materials such as trees, rocks, and plants.What school subjects are related to technology?Though people‟s opinions vary on what groups of technology should be broken down to, you, when in school, may have the question: Why should you study technology? That question is easy to answer. Technology is fun, rewarding, and exciting. It is fun because you get to work with your hands. It is rewarding because you get to see the results of your work. Each day it brings new ideas and new challenges, which make technology exciting. Studying technologywill also help you develop your problem-solving skills. You can learn to identify a problem and come up with a solution. You will also find that technology is related to other subjects that you study in school such as:MathematicsScienceSocial studiesEnglish language artsArtYou might enjoy all of your classes more after you begin to see the relationships between technology and other subjects.Do you know what “technologically literate” means?Technology is often in the news. A journalist might report on a particular electrical power plant, a food additive, or a safety device on an automobile. It is important that you understand the importance of technology. Every day in many ways, technology affects the lives of people around the world. For example, automobile air bags have saved many lives in collisions. However, they inflate so quickly that they have caused injury and death in some cases. As a result, the federal government allows car owners to install an on/off switch for the air bags. Do you think the government should let people do this? To answer this question, you first need to know something about the technology being discussed.Does working on a small engine sound difficult to you? With a basic understanding of technology, it might not be as hard as you think. Being technologically literate means understanding technology and feeling comfortable with it. Sometimes there is no one correct answer to a problem. You need to think about and evaluate each situation, and then make a decision. When you can do this, you will be technologically literate.78.What can the title of the first paragraph be to match the other two?_________________________________________________________________.79.You can have ____________, since when studying technology, every day you work withyour hands, see the results of your work, and have new ideas and new challenges.80.Why are car owners allowed to switch off their air bags?________________________________________________________________________.81.A technological literate can be a person who ____________________________________.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Fifteen Words.)第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.众所周知，大量砍树对自然平衡有灾难性的影响。

2015年全国高考英语上海卷(完整版并附答案)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop. B. At a laundry. C. At the dentist’s. D. At the chemist’s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework. B. He can’t help the woman with her math.B. He broke the woman’s calculator. D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter. B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finished grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.B. Clean the room with the roommate. D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. Bob won’t take her advice. B. Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.C. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’t allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a ques-tion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the ques-tion you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It helps care for customers’ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of café. B. A new brand of coffee.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10%. B. 12%. C. 6% D. 7%.16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatical-ly correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _________ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26)________ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman re-verse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car space earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This (29) ______ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) ____________ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _________ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) __________ (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _______ (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he justcan’t stand the idea (34) ________ there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36) ___________ is contacting him is just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37)___________ (ignore) me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) _________ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) ____________ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” (40) __________ is a real illness people can suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble?Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an im-pression on people who visit and might be potential , or __41__, customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial –based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with __42___ to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.”These ___43___ solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies (等级制度) have flattened, or decreased, office designers’response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been __44___ by changes in workstation design. Of-fices and work spaces often are not __45___ to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that ___46____ workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and upgraded employees’ __47___ to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often ___48__ demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors(内饰) that in some way enhance, establish, or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to __49__ st their best.All these __50___ of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good mar-riage--- the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minu tes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones—natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partner-ships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pher-omones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. erased55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D.56. A. illustrations B. imaginations C. ingredients D. instructors57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D.59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best ac-cording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular ac-tivity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the begin-ning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67.“The heyday of the snowman” (Paragraph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary Bunny70. In the film review, what is Paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information 71. According to the film review, “monster ” (Paragraph B) refers to ______. A. a gun-crazy hunter B. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable 72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and hum our.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals. (C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor (叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was thatThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolut ely brilliant cartoon comedy. A Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Gi-ant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organ-izer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it. B The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny. C To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amaz-ing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it! DBrutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superi-or. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training compa-ny called “Movers and Shakespeare”. They are amateur Sh akespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using indi-vidual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation (狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explana-tion of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Fake.74. According to the pa ssage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeare” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshop sD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives fee l bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. S hakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved phys-ical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial deve l-opment, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice ac-tivities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from stand-ardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberat e play activities, children are less con-cerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, pro-duce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effec-tive means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to___________________________________________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。

2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word-完整精校版)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对，希望最大限度保证准确）考生注意：1。

考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分.2。

本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1—12页)和第II卷（第13页)，全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写(非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分）I。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said。

The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。

A. Impatient。

B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2。

A. At a bus stop。

B。

At a laundry。

C。

At the dentist’s。

D。

At the chemist’s.3. A. An actor。

B。

A salesman。

C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework。

上海市松江二中高三上学期开学考英语试题含答案

松江二中2013年新高三暑期学习检测（英语）(注：教材牛津版本)第I卷（共105分）-----松江新城校区王莉整理I. Listening ComprehensionSection ASection BSection CII. Grammar and VocabularySection A25. More emphasis should be placed, as you have suggested, ______ the development of theproducts for the children between 3years old to 10 years old.A. withB. onC. ForD. about26. –Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most?--______. They are both expensive and of little use.A. BothB. NeitherC. NoneD. No one27. –Oh, no, look at this red paint on my dress. Why did the park paint the chairs?--Oh, that’s too bad. They ______ put a sign there.A. couldB. should haveC. mayD. must have28. Animals in the wild have to devote most of their time and energy ______ enough food to survive.A. to obtainB. to obtainingC. obtainingD. obtained29. I’m examining the article he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A. correctB. to correctC. correctedD. being corrected30. Apple fans are wondering how long it will be ______ iPhone 6 hits mainland China.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. before31. This kind of face cream promises ______ it uses natural ingredients ______ it will make yourskin smoother and brighter.A. that; and thatB. that; thatC. /; /D. /; that32. Despite the rule ______ mobile phones are forbidden in class my deskmate can’t help playingphone games occasionally.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where33. T he light in Emma’s room is still on. I guess she must be preparing for the exam, ______?A. mustn’t sheB. don’t IC. isn’t sheD. mustn’t I34. Water-filtration technology has advanced to the point ______ wastewater can be made safefor drinking, according to a new report.A. whetherB. thatC. whereD. how35. Up till now, the residents who had close contact with the three sick people ______ undermedical observation.A. putB. have putC. had been putD. have been put36. The return of toys ______ a generation ago, say experts, is largely a generational effect.A. introducingB. was introducedC. being introducedD. introduced37. Regular morning exercise makes your mind clear, thus ______ you to stay healthy andoptimistic for the whole day.A. allowedB. allowsC. has allowedD. allowing38. The police are looking into the accident, hoping to find out ______ that caused it.A. what it wasB. what was itC. how it wasD. how was it39. “You are very selfish. It’s high tim e you ______ that you are not the most important person inthe world,” Edgar said angrily to his boss.A. realizedB. have realizedC. had realizedD. are to realize40. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, _______ only fourteen are recognizedas official.A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. with whichSection B(CNN)-- A former Microsoft executive and his son were aboard a turboprop airline that crashed Friday morning into two houses in East Haven, Connecticut, a family member told CNN.There has been "no official confirmation or ____41____ identification" that Bill Henningsgaard and his son were on board, but there is no reason to believe that it was not the two of them, his brother, Blair Henningsgaard, said.Also feared dead in the crash were two children -- ages 1 and 13 -- in one house, East Haven Mayor Joseph Maturo Jr. said. The other house was ____42____.National Transportation Safety Board investigators cannot ____43____ he number of people killed, saying there are reports of four to six people dead.Two bodies were seen inside the home but haven't been recovered because the home is ____44____, East Haven Fire Chief Douglas Jackson said at a press conference Friday afternoon.Fire ____45____ both houses, preventing firefighters from searching for victims, Jackson said, and the basement in the home ____46____ at least two victims was filled with water.Maturo said the children were in one house with their mother when the plane ____47____ shortly before 11:30 a.m. The mother escaped, he said.The fuselage entered one of the homes, Malloy said. The right wing of the airplane could be seen in the smoldering ____48____ of one house, and the left wing was in another house.NTSB investigators will examine whether the weather played a role in the crash. It was raining at the time of the crash.Bill Henningsgaard worked for Microsoft for 14 years, beginning in 1988. He ____49____ as vice president of sales for the western United States, Australia and New ZealandIII. Reading ComprehensionSection AAmerican presidents seem to age before our eyes. But common belief that high-office stress grays our leaders faster than ____50____ may be a myth, new research finds. ____51____, themajority of American presidents have lived longer than typical men of their times. The findings ____52____ to a body of research linking high status to better health: ____53____,Oscar winners live longer than those who were only nominated; and the longevity (长寿) effect is also seen in Nobel Prize winners.The new study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association ____54____ the dates of birth, inauguration and death of all 34 past presidents who died of natural causes. The ____55____ lifespan for these men should have been 68 years，____56____ they'd aged twice as fast during their years in ____57____ as the popular wisdom suggests they do.____58____, the study found, these presidents lived an average 73 years. And indeed, 23 of the 34 presidents who died of natural causes lived longer than ____59____, compared with other men their age during their lifetimes.Some presidents ____60____ an exceptionally long time: Gerald Ford died at 93. 5 years, and Ronald Reagan at 93.3. All ____61____ living presidents have already exceeded their life expectancy, or are likely to do so.So why do people at the top of the hierarchy fare better than those below? ____62____ to wealth, education and the best health care of their times would seem to be obvious factors ____63____ medical attention seems to have actually killed President Garfield, who died from a fatal ____64____--introduced by his doctors' unsterilized (未消过毒的) treatment techniques after he was shot by an assassin.50. A) usual B) regular C) typical D) standard51. A) In brief B) In addition C) In fact D) In consequence52. A) tend B) point C) devote D) add53. A) For instance B) By contrast C) In essence D) Above all54. A) signified B) regulated C) testified D) analyzed55. A) universal B) average C) appropriate D) maximum56 .A) if B) lest C) for D) until57. A) duty B) place C) office D) force58. A) Instead B) Therefore C) Hence D) Meanwhile59. A) suspected B) expected C) identified D) confirmed60. A) survived B) covered C) lasted D) extended61. A) persistently B) virtually C) formally D) currently62. A) Appeal B) Access C) Entrance D) Channel63. A) unless B) because C) although D) since64 .A) syndrome B) diagnosis C) prescription D) infection Section BAYou’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at mostwell-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostor s (骗子)” ; another refers to them as “ special cases”. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people”.To avoid complete lies, some job-seekers claim that they “ attended” or “ were associated with” a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.65. The writer mainly wants to tell us that _____________A. college degrees can now be purchased easilyB. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobsC. lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problemD. employers are no longer interested in applicants’ actual performances66. The underlined word “utter” in the second paragraph means _______.A. thoroughB. carefulC. incompleteD. spoken67. Once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would _______.A. keep the records of themB. drive them out of collegeC. avoid direct conflicts with themD. accuse them of such behavior68. We can learn from the passage that ________.A. US employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universities.B. University of Purdue and Purdue University are the same school.C. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in the US easily.D. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities.BChasing DinosaursSchool is out and summer begins. But instead of spending the long hot months at home, Curtis, Eileen and Malcolm are whisked away by their parents to an old dark mansion in the mountains. Through the power of the bookshelf, they unlock the gateway to another world. Back in time, the children discover the wonder of time-travel isn’t just all fun and games. During the prehistoric times, they see the beauty and danger of a world where dinosaurs rule.Chasing the Dinosaurs is the first of a series that combines family, magic and a little bit of suspense in stories that celebrate art, history, and the pleasures of discovery.Katelyn Palmer never believed any harm could come from using someone in her college asthe hero of her first romance novel—the novel that jump-started her writing career. However, when Shane Hunter storms into town, demanding to meet the writer who used his identity, Katelyn is faced with more than her long-silent emotions. If Shane takes her to court for invasion of privacy, her career would be over. But Shane does not expect to be attracted to Katelyn. Author: Marie HigginsPublication Date: November 11, 2012A Father’s LoveFourteen year old David sets off to hunt the Christmas goose, a tradition that has been passed down from his grandfather. Before any geese are spotted, David and his sister, Rose, find themselves up a tree, hiding from an angry mother bear protecting her children. As night draws near, David and Rose fear for their lives. How can their father possibly find them in the dark and cold?Author: Lorhainne EckhartPublication Date: November 21, 2011The Night Before Christmas“The Night Before Christmas is the best known poem in the English langu age. If someone gave us its first line, most of us could recite the second line automatically.” --Bruce David Forbes Clement C. Moore is widely regarded as the very poet of Christmas Eve. The Night Before Christmas was originally published in the New York Troy Sentinel Newspaper in 1823.Author: Clement C. MoorePublication Date: August 31, 201269. Which of the following is TRUE about Dreaming of You?A. Katelyn’s writing career began owing to it.B. It described Marie Higgins’ first writing experience.C. Katelyn is taken to court by Shane.D. The main character of Katelyn’s novel is based on Shane Hunter.70. What happened in the book A Father’s Love?A. David went to the forest to cut down a Christmas tree.B. David and Rose’s lives were threatened in the forest.C. David and Rose’s father failed to find them.D. David and Rose went lost in the forest.71. We learn from the passage that _________.A. Dreaming of You is a romantic story between Katelyn and Shane.B. A Father’s Love is the last one to be published of the books mentioned.C. the children go to another world through a wardrobe in Chasing Dinosaurs.D. Bruce David Forbes is famous for his Christmas PoemsC“I’m feeling a bit under the weather” is a common complaint in Britain, especially on Monday mornings, and it seems that weather really can be responsible for moods. Studies have shown that changeable weather can make it hard to concentrate, cloudy skies slow down reflexes, and high humidity with hot, dry winds makes many people irritable and snappy.If you live in a place like Britain, where the weather seems to change daily if not hourly, you could be forgiven for thinking that the weather is random. In fact the weather is controlled by systems which move around areas of the globe. In the UK the weather depends on depressions, often called “lows”, and anticyclones, also known as “highs”. These systems start in the Atlantic Ocean, and make their way across the British Isles from the west to the east. Highs bring sunny weather, while lows bring rain and wind.The human race has always tried to guess the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are frequent changes. Traditional rhymes point to early attempts to identify weather patterns, popular poems include: Red sky at night, shepherds’ delight; Red sky in the morning, shepherds’ warning, Ash leaf before the oak, then we will have a summer soak; Oak leaf before the ash, the summer comes without a splash, Flies will swarm before a storm.Rain before 7, clear by 11.Two other popular traditional ways of forecasting the weather used pine cones and seaweed. When the air has a high level of humidity there is a higher chance of rain, when the humidity is low, there is more chance of fine weather. Pine cones and seaweed react to changes in humidity - pines cones open, and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, while high humidity has the opposite effect. A recent study by an Australian psychologist suggests that certain people may have a special gift for predicting the weather. However it is possible that these people would use their talent in another way, since the same group had considerable success in forecasting changes in another chaotic system- the stock market.It appears that a study of weather patterns may also enable scientists to predict the outbreak of disease. An Ebola epidemic in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare weather conditions that had been present before an outbreak 6 years earlier. Efforts to limit the speed of airborne diseases such as foot and mouth, are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.72. What does “I am feeling a bit under weather” in Para. 1 mean?A. I am feeling a bit annoyed.B. I am feeling a bit uncomfortable.C. I am feeling a bit worried.D. I don’t like such weather.73. What is true about British weather?A. It’s changeable but can be controlled.B. It’s controlled by depressions from Atlantic Ocean.C. It’s completely random and unpredictable.D. It is controlled by the alternation of highs and lows.74. Which is the following suggests the traditional ways of forecasting the weather?A. Using ships and balloons with monitoring equipment.B. Open pinecones and observing.C. Reciting traditional poems about weather.D. Observing pine cones and the seaweed.Some plants won't survive outside once temperatures begin to drop, so here are some tips for keeping plants healthy as you move them indoors.76. ___________________Because the climate varies widely across the country, the time to bring houseplants indoors in the fall also varies. As a general rule, Taylor suggests that a good time to make the move is when temperatures regularly dip below 60 degrees F. For specific plants or to determine when nighttime lows in the 50s might consistently occur in your area, contact your local agricultural extension service.77. ___________________Decide which plants you’re going to bring indoors well ahead of moving day. One thing to consider is the health of the plant. If a plant has been struggling to stay alive outdoors, bringing it indoors to low humidity, dry heat and low light levels will increase the stress on it and you. Give priority to healthy plants and those that have the most sentimental value. If some of your plants have increased in size and are about to burst out of their pots, it’s a good idea to buy any re-potting supplies you will need for this well in advance of moving day to avoid a last-minute rush to the nursery. Taylor recommends a high-quality potting soil, appropriate containers with drainage holes and appropriately sized plastic saucers to place under the pots to avoid staining hardwood floors or carpets when watering.78. ___________________The first thing to do is to thoroughly check the outside of the pot, the plants and the potting medium. Look for signs of hitchhikers, moss or mold on the pots and unwanted guests such as mealy bugs or spider mites on the foliage or earthworms, snails or ants in the potting mix. Scrub the exterior of dirty pots with a solution of 10 percent household bleach and then hose off the bleach solution. Then check the plants for dead or yellowing leaves, and cut them if shaping is required. Finally, several days before bringing the plant indoors, spray the foliage with an insecticidal soap.79. ___________________Before “moving day,” decide where you are going to place each of the plants you will bring inside. It’s always challenging to find the best place for a particular plant, Taylor says. A guide to doing that, he advises, is to place plants that require full sun near south-facing windows and plants that only need partial sun in an east- or west-facing window. One other option he suggests homeowners consider is to use indoor plant lights, which, he adds, are a popular and affordable solution wh en you’re faced with less-than-ideal locations for houseplants.80. ___________________Pots will not dry out as fast indoors as they did in the summer heat, and plants will grow more slowly indoors than they did under strong light conditions. Therefore, they don’t need as much water in the house as they did on the patio. Make sure the soil is dry to the touch before watering. Succulents will need water less often than foliage plants.Section DCreative thinking is the process which we use when we come up with a new idea. Brainstorming is the name given to a situation when a group of people meet to generate new ideasaround a specific area of interest. It is one form of creative thinking and works by combining someone else’s ideas with your own to create a new one. You are using the ideas of others as a stimulus for your own.Brainstorming will help you come up with new ideas. And not only will you come up with new ideas but you will do so with surprisingly little effort. Brainstorming makes the generation of new ideas easy and is a tried-and-tested process. Exactly what you apply brainstorming techniques to depends on what you want to achieve. You can apply them to develop new products, services and processes in your job, or you can apply them to develop your personal life.What is traditional brainstorming? The normal view of brainstorming is that a group of people sit in a room and shout out ideas as they occur to them. They are told to relax themselves and that no ideas will be judged so that people are free to shout out any ideas at all without feeling uncomfortable. The purpose of this is to gain as many ideas as possible. Out of the many ideas suggested there will be some of great value.What is advanced brainstorming? The model we propose is an extension of the traditional brainstorming scenario and makes the whole process more effective. Advanced brainstorming builds on the current methods of brainstorming to produce more original ideas in a more efficient way. Most of the problems associated with traditional brainstorming disappear as a more effective process if used.(Note: No more EIGHT words)81. Brainstorming is the process which we can create a new idea by ________________________________________.82. Brainstorming techniques can be applied to ________________________________________________________.83. In traditional brainstorming, why are people allowed to shout out ideas freely?84. Compared with traditional brainstorming, the advantage of advanced one is making ____________________ .I. Translation1. 乘客不允许携带危险品进地铁。

2019-2020学年上海市松江二中高级中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案

2019-2020学年上海市松江二中高级中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn Sweden, McDonald’s is building “bee hotels” on the back of its roadside billboards (广告牌) to help save the country’s decreasing bee population. It launched the campaign together with outdoor advertising giant JCDecaux. Six large wooden bee hotels, with drilled holes on the front, first appeared on the back of a north-facing billboard in Jarfalla in September.“Without pollination (授粉) from bees, a thirdof the food we eat would be threatened.” McDonald’s said. But it turns out that at least 30 percent of the country’s wild bee population is endangered, according to the fast-food chain. A big problem is that they lack places to live. Based on data released by Chalmers University of Technology, we know Sweden owns 274 species of bees, of which 37 species are bumblebees, and more than a third are decreasing or face the risk of decreasing. Their natural habitats have been damaged by factors including the changes of agricultural activities and fast urbanization (城市化). Fortunately, most bees are able to survive in urban habitats, like the bee hotels.Every McDonald’s authorized restaurant in Sweden will be allowed to order their own bee hotel billboards and design the messages by themselves, as the fast-food chain says. It is their hope that the number of hotels could grow to a greater extent in the near future. Great efforts in addition to that have been made by the company. On World Bee Day, May 20, it introduced “the world’s smallest McDonald’s”. McHive, which could function as an actual beehive (蜂箱). Designed by set designer Nilsson himself, the creation was sold for $10,000 at a charity fundraiser held for Ronald McDonald House Charities.Beehives can be found on the rooftops of some McDonald’s restaurants in Sweden, too. This took place in certain areas but is now followed by an increasing number of participants. More McDonald’s restaurants are making an effort to improve the living conditions of wild bees by removing the grass round their restaurants to grow flowers and plants instead.1. According to the passage, the challenge that wild bees are facing is ________A. the fast process of industry.B. the world's Large amount of trash.C. the rapid development of urbanization.D. the sharp growth of population.2. How does McDonald's help wild bees in Sweden?A. By providing shelters for bees.B. By offering food to bees.C. By advertising rescue activities.D. By putting up more billboards.3. What is the best title for the text?A. Wild bees in dangerB. The loss of bees’ habitatsC McDonald’s bee hotelsD. The protection of wild beesBBob, a Burroughs junior high school football player, always had his mom cheering him on. He didn’t play exciting positions. He played as a linebacker(中后卫球员). Sadly, he often found himself at the bottom of the piles, where everyone would jump onto each other at the end of every play. Bob's mom realized it was hard for her son to hear her cheering. She hadto find a solution, but couldn't find one.Then one day the coach from the school team asked him if he wanted to join the team. Bob wasecstatic, because he was only a ninth grader. His mom was also excited, since she loved football and especially loved watching her son play. She kept considering a way for him to hear her. A cowbell! That was it. Now from the bottom of the piles Bob would hear his mom shaking her cowbell crazily, knowing she was there for him.Bob's team finally made it to the state championship game. What exciting time to play at Busch Stadium under the lights! This experience made Bob appreciate all the years that his mom had sacrificed everything to get him to practice every day, to wash his uniforms, and to never miss a game. He had to do something.On the night of the state championship game, the loudspeakers introduced Bob, and as he walked onto the field his mom shook the cowbell, hard. However, it didn’t sound right. She looked its inside, and found a note saying,”Thank you, Mom.” Bob had left her a note expressing his appreciation for always being with him, filling her heart with warmth.Finally Burroughs claimed the title of State Champion. While others were cheering and admiring the state championship cup, Bob' s mom clutched(紧握) her cowbell happily.Years later, Bob’s mom died. While digging through her belongings, he found the cowbell with the note. Bob took it to his mom's funeral and rang it, whispering, "Thank you, Mom.”4. What does the underlined word "ecstatic” mean in Paragraph 2?A. CuriousB. DisappointedC. AnxiousD. Delighted5. Why did Bob's mom want to get a cowbell?A. To amuse her cow.B. To teach her cowC. To attract his attention.D. To make him hear her6. What can be learned from Paragraph 3?A. Bob's mom devoted much time to himB. Bob was the best player in his teamC. Bob owed his success to his coachD. Bob's mom was a football player at college7. Why didn’t the cowbell sound as usual that night?A. The mother was very weak.B. Bob had put a note inside the bell.C. The weather became terrible suddenlyD. The bell had been broken deliberates.CCalifornia's August Complex Fire tore through more than 1,600 square miles of forest last summer,burning nearly every tree in its path. It was the largest wildfire in the state's recorded history, breaking the record previously set in 2018. After the fire, land managers must determine where to most efficiently plant new trees.A predictive mapping model called the Postfire Spatial Conifer Restoration Planning Tool recently described in Ecological Applications could inform these decisions, saving time and expense. The tool can “show where young trees are needed most, where the forest isn't going to come back on its own, where we need to intervene（干预）if we want to maintain forests," says lead author Joseph Stewart, an ecologist at the University of California, Davis.To develop the model, Stewart and his colleagues classified data collected from more than 1,200 study plots in 19 areas that burned between 2004 and 2012. They combined these data with information on rainfall, geography, climate, forest composition and bum severity.Theyalso included how many seeds sample conifer trees（针叶树）produced in 216locations over 18 years, assessing whether the trees release different numbers of seeds after a fire.The tool's potential benefits are significant, says Kimberley Davis, a conservation scientist at theUniversityofMontana, who was not involved in the study. Those managers will still have to make hard decisions, such as which species to plant in areas that may experience warmer and drier conditions resulting from climate change, but the model provides some research-based guidance to help the forests recover.8. What challenge do land managers face after the wildfire?A. Lack of wood supplies.B. Where to plant new trees best.C. How to save the burned trees.D. Loss of trees and wild animals.9. What's the main idea of paragraph 2?A. The function of the tool.B. The disadvantages of the tool.C. The improvement of the tool.D. The development of the tool.10. What does the underlined word "They" refer to?A. The study plots.B. The data.C. Stewart and his colleagues.D. The seeds.11. What isDavis' attitude towards the tool?A. Skeptical.B. Ambiguous.C. Tolerant.D. Optimistic.DRecently, I experienced a wonderful lesson in how little things still meana lot. My brother, mother and I live in Hawaii. Our farm is at least a dozen miles from even the most basic of services. Therefore, I take weekly trips to the shop to gel supplies. About a month ago, I finished loading up the car and was about to leave when a piece of paper on the ground caught my eye. I picked it up and read it carefully.Immediately, I was grateful that I had done that___4___It was a receipt (收据) from the State Motor Vehicle Division, recording the owner's payment of her Vehicle's Registration fees. I put myself in his or her shoes and thought: no one would throw this away. I looked over the receipt for any personal data, perhaps a license plate (车牌) or telephone number, but failed. How could I find the owner in the busy, crowded parking lot? Had it been lying there for a few minutes or a week? So I checked thedate, the fees paid and the name of the owner, who must live in our town. I decided that the best and easiest step to take was to put the receipt in an envelope and send it to the owner first the next morning.By the end of the week, I received a beautiful “thank you” letter from a woman including a handwritten message and a card. In the letter, the woman explained how the wind took her receipt from a pocket in her car's passenger door. She had searched everywhere for quite some time before giving up.It felt great to know I had helped someone avoid a loss by doing something that seemed little and unimportant.12. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean?A. He was lucky to learn the lesson.B. It was a good idea to do shopping that day.C. He was right to pick up the paper.D. It turned out the paper belonged to the writer.13. What information did the writer get from the paper?A The woman's license plate number.B. The woman's phone number.C. The woman's name.D. The woman's address.14. How did the woman lose the receipt?A. She forgot where she had put it.B. A strong wind blew it away.C. It fell onto the floor.D. She left it in the parking lot.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Lesson I Will Never ForgetB. Never Lose Heart or Give upC. Little Things Still Mean a LotD. Think Carefully Before You Act第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

届上海市松江区高三一模英语试题及答案

松江区2015学年度第一学期期末质量监测高三英语一模卷第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A（10分）Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A teacher. B. A nurse. C. A secretary. D. A saleswoman.2. A. $64. B. $40. C. $32. D. $80.3. A. It makes the woman homesick. B. It isn’t fun and exciting.C. It’s about the woman’s childhood.D. It won a great award.4. A. She got a ticket for the man. B. She arrived an hour earlier than the man.C. She missed the movie.D. She will treat them to some food and drinks.5. A. He has a bad cough. B. He has a headache.C. He doesn’t feel very well.D. He has a toothache.6. A. Press clothes. B. Wash dishes. C. Clean the house. D. Cook dinner.7. A. The set. B. The suits. C. The actors. D. The plot.8. A. An assistant. B. A teacher. C. An insurance clerk. D. A lawyer.9. A. Go to the beach. B. Go to the forest park.C. Stay at home.D. Climb the mountain.10. A. They will have breakfast together. B. The man’s work time begins at 9:05.C. The man will be late for work.D. The woman doesn’t need to work.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. More than US$2 trillion. B. More than US$20 million.C. More than US$2 million.D. More than US$20 trillion.12. A. Cooperation for strong action against climate change.B. The construction of an oil pipeline across the country.C. The creation of 100 million jobs for women.D. The strengthening of American worldwide leadership.13. A. Four. B. Three. C. Two. D. One. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Persuading citizens not to buy the latest products.B. Reusing some electronic parts.C. Ending e-waste in remote areas.D. Selling e-waste to China and other Southeast Asia countries.15. A. To save money for the government. B. To produce more profits.C. To save resources.D. To protect the environment.16. A. The rapid update of phones. B. Company marketing strategies.C. Customers wanting a discount.D. Consumer behavior.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A（16分）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,?use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The hard lives of aging migrant workers have come to national attention lately. The media have reported that many migrant workers over the age of 50 say they want to save as much money as their body allows them (25) ______ (continue) earning. They have no pensions, which (26) ______ (enjoy) by urban workers, and many are still the chief earners of their families. They keep up their energy by (27) ______ (eat) more meat, and conceal their age by dying their hair.Commentator Cheng Zhenwei writes on that while the physical well-being of these migrant workers is worrisome, (28) ______ conditions of their families and their children are a bigger concern. Many of the migrant workers’ children are also poor, and have little means tosupport their parents.Worse still, (29) ______ they often don’t have are the stomach and will for hard work and also the lack of education or skills to find better-paying jobs. (30) ______ (face) with their own difficult economic situation, these migrant workers are short of hope and prospect of inherited poverty on the part of their children, (31) ______ is the worst thing for them, according to Cheng.(B)We all know that regular physi cal exercise is good for a girl’s body, mind, and spirit. Recently, the Women’s Sports Foundation (32) ______ (discover) that sports offer some extra benefits for girls (33) ______ ______ ______ having fun and getting fit.Here are a few:Girls who play sports do better in school. It is believed (34) ______ athletics will take up all their study time. But research shows that girls who play sports do better in school and are (35) ______ (likely) to graduate than those who don’t. Exercise improves learning, memory, and concentration, which can give active girls an advantage when it comes to the classroom.Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal-setting skills. It is by working with coaches and teammates to win games and meet goals (36) ______ they get great practice for success later in life. Being a team player can make it easier to work with others and solve problems, (37) ______ it is on the field or in the workplace.Sports have hidden health benefits. Girls who play sports are less likely to smoke and have a reduced chance of getting breast cancer later in life. Sure, they (38) ______ get these benefits from any type of exercise. But if they have trouble getting to the gym, there may be more incentive (激励) to show up and play if they know their coaches or teammates depend on them.Playing sports builds self-confidence. Girls involved in athletics feel better about (39) ______, both physically and socially. It helps to build confidence when they see their skills improving and their goals (40) ______ (become) reality.Section B （10分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beto speak only English, and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good ___41___, their advice to families is misguided, and it arises from misunderstandings about the process of language ___42___. Educators may fear that children hearing two languages will become ___43___ confused and thus their language development will be ___44___. Children are capable of learning more than one language, whether simultaneously (同时地) or sequentially (依次地). In fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an asset (资产) and even a ___45___ in many areas.It is also of concern that the misguided advice that students should speak only English is given ___46___ to poor families with limited educational opportunities, not to wealthier families who have many educational advantages. Since children from poor families often are ___47___ as at-risk for academic failure, teachers believe that advising families to speak English only isappropriate. Teachers consider learning two languages to be too ___48___ for children from poor families, believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations.If families do not know English or have limited English skills themselves, how can they communicate in English Advising non-English-speaking families to speak only English is ___49___ to telling them not to communicate with or ___50___ with their children. Moreover, the underlying message is that the family’s native language is not important or valued.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the increasingly busier world where productivity is on the minds of many, instead of downloading the latest time management app, or forcing yourself to stay at work for hours on end, is there a(n) ___51___ to being productiveThe first thing we should know is that willpower is a(n) ___52___ source that can be entirely used up. So instead of ___53___ yourself to simply try harder, a more methodical approach is suggested.The first step: Get started! It may seem ___54___ but studies have shown starting a project to be the biggest barrier to productivity. Before starting, our brain visualizes the hardest parts to come, and instead tries to simulate real work by focusing on small mindless tasks.___55___, there’s construct of the mind known as the Zeigernik Effect (蔡格尼克效应), which helps humans to finish a task that they’ve already started. The Zeigerni k Effect shows that when we don’t finish a task, we experience ___56___ and intrusive thoughts about it. So get started.Now what about time management Shockingly, when we look at most of the elite musicians in the world, we find that they aren’t ___57___ practicing more. Instead, they focus their energy on the hardest task. Those musicians have periods of intense work followed by breaks. Not relying on willpower, they rely on their ___58___ and disciplined scheduling. Studies have found that most elite violinists generally follow a 90 minute work rule with a 15 to 20 minute break afterwards every day. But how can you develop the discipline to follow this ___59___ One key point is giving yourself a deadline; write it down; ma rk it in your calendar. And you’ll be much more likely to complete your task. On top of this, create something called an accountability (问责制) chart to ___60___ your progress. In one column write the time span, and in the other the activities you accomplished during this time, ___61___ those on a diet who record their food intake.Writing down your progress allows you to ___62___ evaluate your work. As opposed to inaccurately assuming what you’ve done, further ___63___ your progress to the end helps to avoid small mindless work.And finally, stop multitasking. Well it may feel like you’re accomplishing more. But actually, studies show that multi-taskers are much less ___64___. Instead, try and make a list at night of what you want to accomplish tomorrow. With your action plan, you ___65___ the idea of trying to complete multiple activities at once.Your brain will find these less challenging. And it will make the starting process easier. With a clear goal and action plan in mind, your productivity levels can soar to new heights.51. A. room B. secret C. attitude D. origin52. A. outstanding B. inevitable C. exhaustible D. essential53. A. convincing B. resisting C. preventing D. discouraging54. A. difficult B. complicated C. obvious D. visible55. A. Generally B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Briefly56. A. division B. mission C. interruption D. discomfort57. A. necessarily B. hardly C. efficiently D. purposefully58. A. patience B. habit C. perseverance D. principle59. A. feature B. intention C. guidance D. routine60. A. prove B. influence C. document D. determine61. A. similar to B. related to C. available to D. owing to62. A. rapidly B. desperately C. objectively D. relatively63. A. targeting B. tricking C. timing D. tracking64. A. promising B. productive C. practical D. plentiful65. A. stick to B. face up to C. decide on D. get rid ofSection B （24分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is Followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that T oday’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However, greater parental involvement does not indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.In the context of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their g rown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the impulse to do so wasn’t present a generation ago Many s tudies show that older parents -- today’s grandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their childrenwho have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.66. The surveys inform us of ____________.A. the conditions of college dormitoriesB. the sign of parent’s management in their own behaviorsC. the development of communication technologyD. the parents’ over-protection of their college children67. Which of the following statement does the author most probably agree withA. Technology explains greater parental involvement with their children.B. Parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence.C. Parents today are less protective than those in the past.D. The disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages.68. What is the meaning of the word “impulse” in this passageA. Desperation.B. Admiration.C. Urge.D. Depression.69. Which of the following would be the best title for the passageA. Dependence or Independence.B. Technology or Attitude.C. Family Influence or Social Changes.D. College Management or Communication Advancement.(B)Spanish-American InstituteStudent Cub NotesFree and Low Cost Gyms, Health Clubs and PoolsNYC Department of Parks Recreation Centers Recreation Centers: The?NYC Department of Parks has many Recreation Centers throughout?New York City. Recreation Centers offer a wide range of?free?and?membership?programs and services. Some have indoor swimming pools. Almost all have weight rooms, basketball courts, dance studios, boxing rings, art studios, game rooms, etc.?All Recreation Centers offer a wide range of programs such as aerobics, dance, tai chi, fencing, computer classes, and art.??Many programs are free and open to the general public but many require membership.?You do not need to be a?New York City?resident to use a?Recreation?Center. You may use your annual membership at any and all Centers. Use one near the Spanish-American Institute and then use one near your home.?Costs: Free?and?membership?programs. Standard?annual?membership is?$50?for Recreation Centers and?$75?for Recreation Centers with pools. (Do you know anyone 55 and older The senior membership is only?$10?a year.)Standard annual membership provides scheduled access to the gym, pool, and all the other facilities. Instructor-led courses such as aerobics, martial arts, music, or yoga?may?require an additional fee.?Membership and Program Information: Go to?the??home page. On the “Facilities” menu, click on “Recreation Centers.” On the “Recreation Centers” page, you will find information about membership and fees. You will also see links to Recreation Facilities by borough (Bronx, Brooklyn,?Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island).On the “Facilities” menu, you may also want to check out other NYC Department of Parks facilities such as beaches, ice skating rinks, nature centers, running tracks, soccer fields, etc. Recreation Centers: There are several Parks Department Recreation Centers in?each?borough. After you go to the “Recreation Centers” page and click on a borough, you will find a list of the centers in that borough with their addresses, phone numbers, and web links. The list will look like that for?Manhattan?below. Click on the link for a particular Center to learn more about its services, schedules, and programs.70. What special benefits can an annual member of Recreation Centers enjoyA. Having access to all the facilities all year.B. Experiencing all programs and services free.C. Taking free Instructor-led courses.D. Using only the center near your home free.71. If your parents and grandparents (both over sixty) want to get the memberships, how muchwill they payA. At least $20.B. At least $120.C. At least $180.D. At least $220.72. You will probably fail to find ____________ on?the??home page.A. the cost for various membershipsB. the locations of recreations centersC. the staff and provided servicesD. the facilities, phones and web links(C)Just how much does the Constitution（宪法）protect your digital data The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant（授权令）if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to restore the practice that the police may search through the contents of suspects’ smartphones at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state says, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The justices would be careless if they followed California’s advice. They should start by rejecting California’s weak argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone is similar to say, going through a suspect’s wallet. The court has ruled that police don’t offend against the Fourth Amendment（修正案）when they go through the wallet, of an arrestee without a warrant. In fact, exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.Americans should take steps to protect their own digital privacy and should avoid putting important information in smartphones. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.In many cases, it would not be very difficult for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still trump（打出王牌）the Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe and dangerous circumstances, such as the threat of immediate harm, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not deleted or altered while a warrant is on the way. The justices, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more flexibility.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New technology sometimes demands fresh applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a lawprofessor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th. At that time, the justices had to explain new rules for the new personal domain（领域）of cars. Similarly, the justices must sort out how the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution applies to digital information now.73. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legal to ____________.A. search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrantB. check suspects’ phone co ntents without being authorizedC. prevent suspects from deleting their phone contentsD. prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones74. The author’s attitude toward California’s ar gument is one of ____________.A. toleranceB. indifferenceC. disapprovalD. carefulness75. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to ____________.A. getting into one’s residenceB. ha nding one’s historical recordsC. scanning one’s correspondencesD. going through one’s wallet76. In Paragraph 4 and 5, the author shows his concern that ____________.A. principles are hard to be clearly expressedB. the court is giving police less room for actionC. phones are used to store sensitive informationD. citizens’ priva cy is not effectively protected77. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that ____________.A. the Constitution should be carried out flexiblyB. New technology also requires reinterpretation of the ConstitutionC. California’s argument goes against principles of the ConstitutionD. Principles of the Constitution should never be alteredSection C （8分）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth.There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such concepts as freedom of choice and individuality. It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all motivation to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better lifethan they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they hadUniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Wearing a uniform costs the individual __________________________________.79. What does the author think of an organization that is weak and has to depend on uniforms toencourage its members_________________________________________________________________.80. Why does the author disagree with those believing that wearing uniforms eliminates alljealousy and competition_________________________________________________________________.81. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, in terms of industry besides advertising andpromotion, _______________________________________________ would be affected.第Ⅱ卷（47分）I. Translation （22分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 他采纳医生的建议，开始实施节食计划。

2015-2016学年松江二中高三下英语开学考

松江二中高三2015年2月开学考试卷Listening Comprehension (…)II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(A)Some people are just sure to be failures. That is (25) __________ some adults look at troublesome kids. Maybe, you have heard the saving, “A bird (26) __________ a broken wing will never fly as high.” I am sure (27) __________ TJ. Ware, who (28) __________ (catch) stealing a year ago, was made (29) __________ (feel) this way almost every day at school.At high school, Ware was always making trouble. He didn’t a nswer questions, got into lots of fights and was absent from school at times. Teachers didn’t want to have him again the following year. I met Ware for the first time at a meeting. All the students at school had been invited to sign up for a program (30) __________ (design) to have students become more active in their communities. The program included group discussion and voluntary work in their neighborhoods.In the beginning Ware just stood by, not ready to join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive games drew him in. At the end of the meetings he joined the Homeless PROJECT Team.He knew much about poverty, hunger and helplessness. The (31) __________ on the team (32) __________ (never see) Ware making such a long moving speech. They were impressed with his passionate concern and ideas, (33) __________ they elected Ware to be chairman of the team with a majority vote.(B)The Channel is the name given to the stretch of water (34) __________ separates England and France. Ferries operate all year round to carry people across the Channel, and they wen busy most of the year. January is (35) __________ only quiet month nowadays. As well as summer holiday-makers, there are day trippers and traffic, not to mention lorries and commercial vehicles. Some ferries carry cars and their passengers, (36) __________ others also connect train passengers with the Continental rail network.The (37) __________ (big) danger for the ferry is the wind. The crew listens to BBC weather reports four times a day. Or they sometimes get gale warnings from local radio station.Crossing the Channel by ferry is a bit like (38) __________ (try) to cross Oxford Street on a busy afternoon, according to one ferryboat captain. The ferries from Folkstone and Dove to Calais and Boulogne have to cross the main flow of traffic. This consists of ships (39) __________ (travel) through the Channel, to and from Northern Europe. There (40) __________ be four hundred ships making the journey at one time, and they all pass throug h a “choke point” which is only 15 miles wide. The cross-channel ferries have to sail right through the middle of all this traffic.individuals in the growing field of space tourism, it may be in five or fifty years. Space Adventures is taking reservations for the flights, __41__ to the first manned spaceflights. The trip will cost S 90,000, with, a $ 6.000 __42__ required. More than 200 people have made reservations, said Sarah, Dalton, the company spokeswoman. John Spencer of the Space Tourism Society says that a more realistic __43__ for regular space travel is 50 years. Issues of expense, difficulty, and danger must still be resolved. Oh yes – a reusable vehicle must also be invented. He adds, however, that ten years from now, a __44__ number of people may be able to visit a space station. He says he expects a fleet of private space vehicles or “space yachts” to be in __45__ in 20 to 25 years. They will do what he calls “orbital super yachting.” After that, there will be cruise lines, like those th at travel the Earth’s oceans, as well as space hotels and resorts.There have been only a few studies to determine the public’s interest in space tourism, but they all conclude that a __46__ of people would like to visit space and would be willing to pay good money for it.According to expert Patrick Collins, between 5 million and 20 million people will head for space by 2030. He also __47__ 100 flights a day leaving Earth. It would be __48__ to have more than 100 hotels in Earth’s orbit, a few mor e orbiting the moon, and a few on the moon's surface. These hotels would __49__ more than 100,000 people, who would work month-long shifts. Each hotel would have a service station. Such service stations would provide oxygen, water, and hydrogen. They might also ship __50__ safe electric power back to Earth.If all the issues can be resolved, Collins says that space tourism could one day become a $1 trillion.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A: ClozeCelebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public 51_______ to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost 52______ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous 53______. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to 54_______ their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a 55_______ new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and 56_______ a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top57______. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with 58______ personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, 59_______ almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related 60______ tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s 61_______ is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And 62______ the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to 63_____ a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. 64______, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as 65_______ might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been short-lived.51. A. aims B. returns C. tends D. means52. A. abandoned B. delayed C. established D. assumed53. A. films B. faces C. issues D. stories54. A. inventing B. composing C. exploring D. developing55. A. dramatically B. completely C. steadily D. normally56. A. taken by B. set for C. limited to D. listed on57. A. brands B. trends C. sales D. editions58. A. common B. specific C. potential D. artificial59. A. promoting B. extending C. engaging D. covering60. A. disappointing B. warning C. greeting D. amazing61. A. origin B. organization C. release D. intention62. A. while B. as C. once D. since63. A. strike B. isolate C. promote D. reduce64. A. Still B. Thus C. Moreover D. Indeed65. A. stars B. models C. designers D. advertisers Section BAOn my arrival in America, the one thing I notice more than anything else was the tremendous amount of advertising that went on-on the radio, on television, on billboards and signposts, and in magazines. In the past three years, I have become accustomed to this fast in American life, for I believe that it is a creative and necessary part of an industrial society. I, too, want to improve my life-style and to buy better products, so I look to advertising to show me how to do it.Deciding what to believe in advertising, however, is not easy. It seems to me that a person must purchase things with a lot of care. As a consumer, I want to get the best for my money, but I really have to understand the techniques of advertising. Otherwise, manufacturers will be able to sell me anything, no matter what its quality may be.More and more people are becoming conscious, like me, of the ways in which advertising can affect them. The creative aspects of commercials, for instance, often cover up defects or problem in products. I have learned this well, since I have made purchases and lost money because the items were of poor quality.The future of advertising most likely will involve a much greater degree of public participation. I intend to become involved in consumer groups that want to protect people from misleading advertising. In the future, if consumers like me really care about the quality, maybe advertisers will begin to care more about what they are trying to sell.66. According to passage, we know that the author______.A. left America three years agoB. arrived in America two years agoC. often goes to AmericaD. has always lived in America67. Advertisements in America can not found ______.A. on the radios and televisionB. on billboardsC. in magazinesD. in textbooks68. Misleading advertisements can_______.A. cover up product defectsB. improve people’s life-styleC. show the customers how to buy products of good qualityD. solve problems in products69. We learn from the passage that_______A. the author wants to get the best for his money when buying thingsB. if customers don’t understand the techniques of advertising，they will probably be cheated by the manufacturersC. in the future，advertising will most likely lead to the participation of more peopleD. all of the above(B)Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists become acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery “291” of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 192-13 in New York, in which the works of a number of progressive American painters were shown.Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscapes, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel ” of the “Ash Can School” and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, which brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting: objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubism abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.70. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?A. The comparison between various painters.B. The greatest breakthroughs of the Armory Show.C. The exhibitions in the famous New York gallery.D. The modern art movement in the United States.71. What was the most important in the spread of modern movements in the US?A. The photographer Alfred Stiegliz.B. The famous New York gallery 219.C. The Armory Show of1913 in New York.D. The exhibitions of art in Europe.72. In what aspect did New York attract the modernists?A. The exhibitions in shows.B. The appearance of the city.C. The feel of the city.D. The galleries of modern art.73. What great breakthrough brought about a significant revolution in Western painting?A. Cubism.B. The Ash Can School.C. The Armory Show.D. Modernism.(C)Crows are probably the most frequently met and easily identifiable members of the native fauna of the United States. The great number of tales, legends, and myths about these birds indicates that people have been exceptionally interested in them for a long time. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive —particularly behavioral —information, crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered California condor, to cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this.Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for field research. Keen observers and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researchers, and adept at avoiding them. Because they are so numerous, active, and monochromatic, it is difficult to distinguish one crow from another. Bands, radio transmitters, or other identifying devices can be attached to them, but this of course requires catching live crows, who are among the wariest and most untrappableof birds.Technical difficulties aside, crow research is daunting because the ways of these birds are so complex and various. As preeminent is generalists, members of this species ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats and resources, and they can quickly adjust to changes in their circumstances. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams. For example, one pet crow learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the pin on the door. When the dog escaped, the bird went into the kennel and ate its food.74. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The ways in which crows differ from other common birdsB. The myths and legends about crowsC. The characteristics that make crows difficult to studyD. The existing methods for investigating crow behavior75. According to the first paragraph, what evidence is there that crows have interested people for a long time?A. The large number of stories about crows.B. The frequency with which crows are sightedC. The amount of research that has been conducted on crowsD. The ease with which crows are identified76. According to the second paragraph, crows are poor subjects for field research for all of the following reasons EXCEPTA. They can successfully avoid observers.B. They are hard to distinguish from one anotherC. They can be quite aggressive.D. They are difficult to catch.77. Which of the statements is supported by the passage?A. Crows have relatively long lives.B. Crows have keen vision.C. Crows are usually solitary.D. Crows are very intelligent.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS.One of the most popular literary figures in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her life in China, a country on a continent thousands of miles from the United States. In her life time she earned her country’s most highly acclaimed literary award, the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary recognition in the world, the Nobel Prize for Literature.Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific output, which consisted of some eighty-five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty-five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were setin China, the land in which she spent so much of her life.Her books and her life served as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the product of those two cultures she became, as she described herself, “mentally bifocal”. Her unique background made her into an unusually interesting and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be aware that we are in fact meeting three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer, and a humanitarian and philanthropist. One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning about each of the three. Though honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in addition to the Nobel and Pulitzer Prizes, Pearl Buck as a total human being, not only a famous author, is a captivating subject of study. 78. Why Pearl Buck was able to write extensively about a very different culture such as the East was partly because___________________________________________________.79. One of the reasons for her becoming so famous of her time was______________________.80. How many types of books did she get published? What are they?_____________________________________________________________________ .81. In people’s eyes, what kind of role did pearl S. Buck take?_____________________________________________________________________ .第II 卷（共47分）I. Translation1. 他的外表像他已故的父亲，但是性格并不像。

2015年上海市普通高中学业水平考试_英语试卷

小题、
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小题及写作部分）的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
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高中学业考试
英语第页（共页）
Information about the City Zoo
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各档次给分要求：内容部分第一档：故事情节完整；想象合理；内容充实。第二档：第三档：故事情节基本完整；想象基本合理。第四档：故事情节基本完整。第五档：故事情节不完整。
高中学业考试
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语言部分第一档：表达清楚，文字通顺，基本上无语言错误。第二档：表达清楚，但有少量语言错误。第三档：有些地方表达不够清楚，语言错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。第四档：表达不清，有较多的严重语言错误。第五档：表达不清，大部分句子均有语言错误，且多为严重错误。
第一档：连贯性好。第二档：连贯性较好。第三档：基本连贯。第四档：连贯性差。第五档：连贯性很差。
高中学业考试
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学校英语报举办创意写作大赛，要求参赛者根据第一、二幅图中的情景，想象第三幅图中可能发生的情况，然后以此写一个情节完整的故事。假设你是参赛学生，根据上述要求写一篇短文。（文中不得出现真实的校名、姓名等信息）
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高中学业考试
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年上海市普通高中学业水平考试
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年上海市普通高中学业水平考试
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2015年上海松江区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷

2015年上海松江区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空1、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第1题AWhen I was eight, I saw a movie about an island that had an erupting volcano and jungles filled with wild animals. The island was ruled by a beautiful woman called Tondalaya, the Fire Goddess of the Volcano. It was a low budget movie, but to me, it represented the perfect life. But through the years, Tondalaya was forgotten.The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everythingI1 (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn't even know existed. In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce (离婚) in the family.I'd lost2 except my four teenage children. I used every penny I had to buy five plane tickets from Missouri to Hawaii. Everyone said I was crazy to think I could just run off to an island and survive. I was afraid they were right.I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a day. Onenight 3I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava (火山岩)4(pour) out of Kilauea Volcano in the distance. It was time to live my imagination!The next day, I quit my job, bought some art supplies and begandoing 5I loved. I hadn't painted a picture in 15 years. I wondered ifI 6 still paint. My hands trembled the first time I picked up a brush. But before an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas (画布) in front of me.And7 I started believing in myself, other people started believing in me, too. The first painting sold for $1 500.The past six years have been filled with adventures. My children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the crater rim (火山口边缘) of the volcano. We wake up every morning 8 the ocean in front of us and the volcano behind us.2、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第2题BJane Austen was born in the English countryside more than 200 years ago. Shelived 1simple life. She seldom travelled. She never married and she died from illness when she was only 41.However, people all over the world remember her. Why? It is because Jane Austen is the author of some of the best-loved novels in the English language. These novels include Emma, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion.Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816, but it was2 (not publish) until after her death. Persuasion is partly based on Jane’s naval brother.Anne, the daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, falls in love with Captain Wentworth, a person ofa 3(low) social position. But she breaks off the engagementwhen4(persuade) by her friend Lady Russell that such a match is unworthy. The breakup produces in Anne a deep and long-lasting regret. Eight years later, Wentworth returns from sea a rich and successful captain. He finds Anne’s family on the edge of financial ruin. Anne and the captain rediscover their love and get married.Jane Austen once compared her writing to5(paint) on a little bit of ivory （象牙）, two inches square. Readers of Persuasion will see that6her skill of delicate, ironic(讽刺的) observations on social custom, love, and marriage nor herability7( apply) a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.Persuasion has produced three film adaptations: a 1995 version starring Amanda Root and Ciaran Hinds, a 2007 TV miniseries with Sally Hawkins and Rupert Penry-Jones, and a 1971 miniseries with Ann Firbank and Bryan Marshall.People who are interested in Jane Austen can still visit many of the places she visited and lived. These places include the village of Steventon, although her family house is now gone. Many of the places Jane visited in Bath are still there. You can visit Jane Austen’s home in Chawton, where she did her best writing, and Winchester,8 she died.二、选词填空3、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第3题How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are " Proceduresor 1that learners can use to facilitate a learning task. "And2students of English in learning strategies can help them become betterlearners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students inbecoming3, confident learners. Finally, students becomemore4as they begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English.Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who5on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems6, and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students 7to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the8judge of their progress.Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental9with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to10new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning.A. exploreB. instructingC. reflectD. encounteredE. independentF. motivatedG. accustomedH. orderingI. techniquesJ. processesK. unique三、完形填空4、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第4题Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the1one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not2to do the work, that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total3upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as "bracketing". Bracketing includes the temporary giving upor4of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes.5, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary6of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to7up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be8only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.Most of the time we9this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening10. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain11results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply12to listen to what we don't want to hear.It wasn't until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic（有疗效的） In about a quarter of the patients Isaw,13improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy, before any of the14of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient's15that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.A. positiveB. oppositeC. sameD. wrongA. reluctantB. generousC. willingD. considerateA. dependenceB. influenceC. decisionD. concentrationA. setting asideB. getting overC. noting downD. sticking toA. ThereforeB. MoreoverC. HoweverD. For instanceA. abandonmentB. acceptanceC. forgetfulnessD. absorptionA. turnB. takeC. makeD. openA. performedB. accomplishedC. accompaniedD. experiencedA. requireB. produceC. lackD. motivateA. hopefullyB. selectivelyC. thoroughlyD. accuratelyA. desiredB. unexpectedC. requiredD. approvedA. hesitateB. decideC. refuseD. agreeA. imposingB. surprisingC. fortunateD. instinctA. rootsB. reasonsC. varietiesD. featuresA. purposeB. senseC. conclusionD. responsibility四、阅读理解5、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模（A篇）第5题The year was 1993 and the Detroit Tigers were playing the New York Yankees. When my son began dropping gentle hints that a game would take place at Tiger Stadium on Mother's Day that year, I already knew who they were playing with! "Hey Mom, would you like to go to see the Tigers play the Yankees? " My senior high son asked with a playful look. I just smiled.There had been a lot of talk about a new stadium in place of the one that stood proudly on the corner of Michigan and Trumbull in Detroit. As I sat in the seating section, I wondered how the old place could actually become a thing of the past. It was so alive; the stadium was full of watchers and the excitement with two good ball teams, the smell of popcorn.The announcer recognized all Mother's and each one received a gift which I still have today.Don Mattingly was a favorite ball player of our sons and he was one of the many players that made up the team that beat the Tiger's that May Day. While we drank our favorite soft drink, we watched the guy with the number 23 shirt hit a home run during the game. The fans went wild. The Yankees won 11 to 2.Part of the excitement comes from a visit to the old ballpark. While the organ music played, everyone stood and sang Take Me Out To the Ballgame. It was part of the fun about a trip to the ballpark; and it didn't matter who you were cheering for.The last game played at Tiger Stadium was in 1999 against the Kansas City Royals. We had moved to South Carolina in 1997, but my son was working in Detroit. The old stadium is still standing; I guess they just didn't have the heart to tear down a piece of history. What I didn't realize at the time was that it would be the last game I would attend with our now grown son together.(1) What caan we infer from the first paragraph?A. The writer was a fan of the ball game.B. The ball game took place on the May Day.C. Her son was one of the ball players.D. The Detroit Tigers would lose the game.(2) What did the writer mainly want to tell us in the second paragraph?A. People were all expecting a new stadium.B. The old stadium was really too crowded.C. More people were interested in the game.D. The writer liked the old stadium very much.(3) According to the passage, Don Mattingly .A. was the best player in the TigersB. belonged to the YankeesC. was the writer’s favorite ball playerD. wore the number 32 shirt in the game(4) What happened to the Tiger Stadium after the game in 1999?A. It was torn down.B. It was used for other purposes.C. It was still used for the game.D. The music was often played there.6、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模（B篇）第6题"Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a "global-positioning" something or other that's supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren't much help. They couldn't understand why someone wouldn't want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive … and the contract （合同） lasted fortwo years! I'd almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch—with a phone I can actually use."Affordable plans that I can understand—and no contract to sign （签订）! Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to sign—so I'm not locked in for years at a time. The US-based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don't love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren't as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions.Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. jitterbugdirect. com.(1) What made "I" finally think of getting a cell phone?A. Being stuck by the highway.B. Being urged by his grandkids.C. Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons.D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy.(2) On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about .A. $3.75B. $4.99C. $14. 99D. $19.99(3) An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is .A. its discount price with a free giftB. its reasonable rate plans without a contractC. its "global-positioning" system with 911 accessD. its good customer service all over the world(4) The main purpose of the passage is to .A. tell a customer's story of JitterbugB. provide two ways to order JitterbugC. give a brief introduction of JitterbugD. attract potential customers to Jitterbug7、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模（C篇）第7题Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession."Energy independence" and its rhetorical （修辞的） companion "energy security" are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly? Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of bio-fuel available, and more may become available, but most bio-fuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don't read about thismuch, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.(1) According to the passage, energy independence will make America.A. ensure international securityB. realize everyone's dreamC. bring oil prices downD. sound very attractive(2) What does the author think of bio-fuels?A. keep America's economy running healthily.B. do not provide a sustainable energy supply.C. prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.D. can be produced in large quantity in a short time(3) Why does American depend on oil imports a lot?A. It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B. It wants to keep its own environment undamagedC. Its own oil reserves are quickly being used up.D. Its own oil production falls short of demand.(4) The author's purpose in writing the passage is.A. To arouse Americans' awareness of the energy crisis.B. To explain the increase of international oil trade.C. To justify America's dependence on oil imports.D. To stress the importance of energy conservation.五、任务型阅读8、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第8题Much time and effort has been devoted to researching the mental health benefits of flexible work environments, but can the ability to leave work early to watch your son's soccer game, or arrive at the office a bit later in the morning in order to see to some personal matters, have broader physical health benefits besides making you feel a bit less tired?According to new research published in the Cochrane Library's Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, it seems so. In a review of 10 previous studies examining the health effects of flexible work conditions for more than 16, 000 people, researchers from the U.K.'s Durham University and University of Newcastle, as well as the University of Montreal, found that flexible work schedules, for instance, when employees can shift their starting times, were associated with improvements in a person's overall health. And, perhaps unsurprisingly, in all of the studies included in the review, researchers found no evidence for negative effects of more flexible work schedules.This initial analysis was intended to throw light on the potential health benefits of flexible work options, which are increasingly popular throughout Scandinavia, and have recently gained some ground in the U.K. For example, last April, the British government implemented a policy that allowed parents of children ages six and under to request flexible work arrangements to include parents of children ages 16 and younger. In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on. Yet, the economic slowdown of recent years may have contributed to growth in workplace flexibility—as companies unable to reward employees with bonuses or raises may turn to other forms of compensation, Reuters reported early last year.Original analysis too, of course, indicated the benefits of flexible work environments toward positive mental health outcomes. And while these latest findings are promising, the researchers stress that more study is vital to understanding the detailed relationship between flexible work and improved health outcomes. To truly grasp the benefits of flexible working conditions, the researchers say, additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers—from high-ranking managers to hourly employees—is critical, which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issue, and to shape future workplace policy.(1) What did the new research published in the Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews find?(2) According to the passage,is the possible reason for less workplace flexibility in the United States.(3) According to the policy carried out by the British Government, what kind of parents can request flexible work arrangements?(4) Additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide range of workers helpsto.六、翻译句子9、【来源】 2015年上海松江区高三一模第9题翻译(1) 我给他发了一封电子邮件，祝贺他升职。

(完整版)2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word完整精校版)(2),推荐文档

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对，希望最大限度保证准确）考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop. B. At a laundry. C. At the dentist’s. D. At the chemist’s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework. B. He can’t help the woman with her math.C. He broke the woman’s calculator.D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea w here to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finished grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. Bob won’t take her advice.B. Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.C. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’t allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. I t helps care for customers’ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of café. B. A new brand of coffee.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A）Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I saw the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) _____ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _____ (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) _____ there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36) _____ is contacting him is just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) _____ (ignore) me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) _____ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) _____ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” (40) _____ is a real illness people can suffer from: the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired Sadie Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environment.” These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies（等级制度）have flattened, or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and upgraded employees’47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation（especially in relation to computerization）. These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors（内饰）that in some way enhance, establish, or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage --- the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them tal k for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of folk art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing weeks called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the peo ple of Brussels, this was a defining moment of artistic freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechseläuten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Böögg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Böögg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. Itwon an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “the monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said.“He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business: when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Rude74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyz ing Shakespeare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesso n for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long beenconsidered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills（运动技能）; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté(2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g., in the street, on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their behavior (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with new or different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although the drills used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。

2015年上海市普通高中学业水平考试_英语试卷(完整资料).doc

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】P.F. Productions 后期制作年上海市普通高中学业水平考试对外版英语试卷考生注意：．本试卷共页，满分分，考试时间分钟。

．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括选择题和非选择题两种题型。

．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

．作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题（第小题、小题、小题）的作答必须全部涂写在答题纸上相应的区域。

非选择题（第小题、小题、小题及写作部分）的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

共分共分，每小题分共分，每小题分上海市教育考试院保留版权高中学业考试英语第页（共页）P.F. Productions 后期制作Information about the City Zoo●●●共分共分，每小题分高中学业考试英语第页（共页）P.F. Productions 后期制作共分，每小题分薯片生面团共分，每小题分行规违规者高中学业考试英语第页（共页）P.F. Productions 后期制作共分共分，每小题分潜水艇鲨鱼高中学业考试英语第页（共页）P.F. Productions 后期制作[1][2]j 少管所[3][5]高中学业考试英语第页（共页）P.F. Productions 后期制作生育生育能力对称的高中学业考试英语第页（共页）P.F. Productions 后期制作共分，每小题高中学业考试英语第页（共页）P.F. Productions 后期制作共分共分，每小题分有些年轻人即便还不起欠款，仍会用信用卡购物。

毫无疑问，你不必为这样的事情而失去信心。

我同桌第一次演讲时，感到非常紧张。

共分，小题分，小题分为朋友准备生日礼物的时候，我们最好考虑一下他们的兴趣爱好。

教室是我们每天学习的地方，因此给教室增添一点色彩是很重要的。

共分学校英语报举办创意写作大赛，要求参赛者根据第一、二幅图中的情景，想象第三幅图中可能发生的情况，然后以此写一个情节完整的故事。

上海市十三校2015届高三第一次联考英语试题 Word版

上海市十三校2015届高三第一次联考英语试题 Word版2014.12考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $30. B. $13. C. $35. D. $60.2. A. In the florist’s. B. In the post office. C. In a bakery. D. At a fruit stand.3. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed. C. Disappointed. D. Surprised.4. A. Secretary and boss. B. Student and teacher.C. Patient and nurse.D. Customer and waitress.5. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent.C. A post office clerk.D. A department store salesperson.6. A. To go to a physical club. B. To work in the office.C. To sleep in bed.D. To go shopping.7. A. Jim looks nice in his new shirt. B. Jim looks nicer in his old shirt.C. Jim does not look nice in his old shirt.D. Jim isn’t well-dressed.8. A. He can teach her that program. B. He is going to ask Dick for help.C. He's busier than Dick.D. He taught himself that program.9. A. The man can speak German. B. The man knows nothing about German.C. The man can read in German.D. The man knows both English and German.10. A. She doesn’t like the get-together. B. The man has told her about the get-together.C. She is ignorant of the get-together.D. A get-together will be held next weekend.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They could be used everywhere. B. Customers had to pay for things in full.C. They were very popular before the 1920s.D. Everyone could get this kind of credit card.12. A. Because this card could be used at many shops.B. Because they could pay for things a little at a time.C. Because they could spend more money with credit card.D. Because they didn't need to carry a lot of cash with them.13. A. Part of the development of credit cards. B. How to use credit cards.C. How credit cards help businessmen.D. The number of credit card users.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Exactly during the explosion.B. When the plane was full of smoke.C. When the engines were turned off.D. Before the engines sounded scary. 15. A. Never to put off anything in life. B. To reach out to people around. C. To see his daughter grow up.D. To be a good father.16. A. An emergency crash-landing guide. B. A speech on one’s air travel experience. C. An introduction of an adventure novel. D. A safety training for air passengers.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammarand Vocabular ySection A Directions: A fterreading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, u se one word that best fits each blank.(A)Sports is both my work and lifeAmong various events organized by our company, the marathon impresses me most. The most unforgettable scene happened in my first year of work, (25) ______ I witnessed a silver-haired man in his 80s walk slowlytoward the finishing line accompanied by two nurses. It was at that moment (26) ______ I was deeply moved. I realized (27) ______ marathon spirit stands for --- perseverance, willpower, self-proving and self-breakthrough.I took part in the Nike Women's Half Marathon in Washington DC this year. It was my first half marathon.(28) ______ ______ I passed over the bridge, runners from the opposite direction gave me high fives with an unspoken understanding, allowing me to forget fatigue and regain energy instantly.There were many times when I wanted to quit. But runners around me, as well as the spectators along the road, always encouraged me. In the last 500 meters, (29) ______ (feel) sick in the stomach because of the cold wind, I slowed my pace and intended to walk. A woman shouted at me: "Hey, you are almost there. Come on girl! You're doing a great job." What amazing power (30) ______ words had! I started to run again. And finally I made it.Running is flesh-and-blood and not just mechanical movements. Thus, I can’t help but (31) ______ (become) more considerate about runners when organizing races. I wish to create a far (32) ______ (favorable) running environment, offer better services and help them achieve the results they expect, happily, conveniently and comfortably.(B)Photo hacking: sex crimeOscar winner Jennifer Lawrence, one of dozens of actresses, models and celebrities whose images have been posted online, spoke about the photo hacking scandal for the first time on Tuesday, saying it is a crime and sexual violation.In an interview with Vanity Fair magazine, Lawrence, 24, said she was frightened after the photos was released last month and worried about the impact it would have(33) ______ her career."Just because I'm an actress and public figure, does not mean that I asked for this." Lawrence, (34)______ won a best actress Academy Award, told the magazine. The star said she considered (35)______ (write) an apology but had been in a loving, four-year relationship and realized she had nothing to say sorry for."It's not a scandal," she said. "It's a sexual violation. The law needs to be changed, (36) ______ it?"Lawrence had been dating British actor Nicholas Hoult but the couple are reported (37) ______ (split up) last summer.Photos of Lawrence, model Kate Upton, actress Kirsten Dunst and other women had apparently been hacked from individual iCloud accounts and were uploaded to the image-sharing forum 4chan.The FBI said it was aware of the release of the photos and (38) ______ (address) the matter. Apple Inc admitted that certain celebrity accounts (39) ______ (offend), but the company said none of the cases (40)______ (investigate) were due to any breach (违反) in Apple's systems including iCloud or Find My iPhone.The iCloud system lets users store photos and other content and to access it from any Apple device.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often41 to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be 42 to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning 43 , he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents 44 greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be 45strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed 46 the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.As regards the development of 47 standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and 48 it the next day is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and 49 insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden 50 of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, 51 of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the withdrawal from social circles.The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiate a(n) 52 response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive(破裂的) event, such as moving from one's home town into 53 communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 54 .There are many different ways used to 55 loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, 56 the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend 57 therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 58periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can 59 feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for 60 with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patientsfind have a 61 effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of 62 loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 63 process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, 64 , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 65 creative activities.51. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence52. A. grief B. emotion C. offence D. horror53. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar54. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with55. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat56. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing57. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patient D. group58. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D. exercise59. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D. ease60. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping61. A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent62. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving63. A. creative B. musical C. artistic D. poetic64. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise65. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered bySection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）Chimpanzees, long considered reluctant to share, apparently can display selfless tendencies, revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans, scientists find. These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans.Previously, a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago. In recent years, however, research has revealed just how much chimpanzees have in common with us. They can hunt with spears, play with dolls and mourn their partners’ death."Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others, often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies," De Waal told Live Science. "Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all."In addition to using complex food-delivery systems, past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others. In these new, simplified experiments, two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other. Then, one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens (币) from a bin, one of which represented a pro-social (亲社会的) option, the other a selfish option. The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper. The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs, the scientists found all the apes showed a definite preference for the pro-social option. "For me, the most important finding is that like us, chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others," researcher Victoria Horner, said.The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves. They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss, begging persistently or spitting water at them. This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.66. The word " altruism " (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.A. selflessnessB. selfishnessC. willingnessD. reluctance67. Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.A. test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skillsB. see whether chimps are willing to share food with othersC. find out if chimps are likely to reward partnersD. show that chimps are only good at using implements68. What can be learned from the passage?A. Chimps are usually unwilling to share.B. Chimps take others’ needs and wishes into consideration.C. It is more likely that chimps will reward partners who give them pressure.D. Human altruism evolved only after humans separated from their ape relatives.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Evolution History of Altruism in HumansB. Similarities between Chimps and MankindC. Chimps Do Show Selfless BehaviorD. Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure(B)The Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered to mature high school seniors with strongacademic ability and achievement who s eek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a Bachelor ofScience (B.S.) and a Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately 6 years.Applicants to the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school.Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientists in Biochemistry & MolecularBiology and also in clinical laboratories with scientists that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensivelaboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer beforetheir first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparationfor their entry into graduate school. At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with agraduate faculty member.To be considered students must:●have a combined SAT I score of 1400 (combined Math and Critical Reading scores)●meet the SAT II score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistry orPhysics)●have completed eight semesters of English and mathematics and two semesters each of biology andchemistry by the time they graduate from high school●complete all components of your Common Application for undergraduate admission by November 1of your senior year●complete a supplemental application form for the Honors Program in Biochemistry & MolecularBiology●include a counselor recommendation, three letters of recommendation from teachers in support ofyour application to the Honors Program and a personal statementSend all Dual Admission Honors Program application materials to:Dual Admission Honors ProgramsOffice of AdmissionUniversity of MiamiP.O. Box 248025Coral Gables, FL 33124-4616Fax number: (513) 529-7592 (513) 529-1950For more information on the HPBMB, contact:Dr. Thomas K. HarrisDirector, Undergraduate and Medical EducationBiochemistry and Molecular BiologyOffice: Gautier Building, Room 111Phone: 305-243-3358E-Mail: tkharris@70. We can learn from the passage that______.A. Grade one students in a high school can apply for the programB. i t’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degreeC. graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientistsD. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wants to go to graduate school71. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirement for application?A. A combined SAT I score of 1400.B. A combined SAT II score of 600 in Math and one science.C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.72. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.B. To introdu ce a very famous university “University of Miami”.C. To attract excellent high school graduates to apply for the Honors Program.D. To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.73. If an applicant wants more information, he can contact Director of the Honors Program except ______.A. by phoneB. in personC. by e-mailD. by fax(C)Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depressi on. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available — because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after fiveweeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms of worry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the study’s start.The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.74. The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know______.A. if exercise cushions against depressionB. what can lead to depression in animals and peopleC. if stress can contribute to the development of depressionD. how exerc ise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression75. We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ______.A. they stand still in placeB. they stop searching for the sugar waterC. they attempt to escape from the cold-water zoneD. they can’t experie nce normal pleasures any longer76. Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ______.A. know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depressionB. know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or joggingC. confirm the findings above are also relevant to peopleD. ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to ease depressionB. athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary peopleC. the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depressionD. in the past mental health specialists di dn’t know exercise could help reduce depressionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.By 2050, half of the world’s p opulation will reside（居住）in the tropics—the relatively warm belt that circles the globe—according to State of the Tropics, a report released today. Rapid population growth, along witheconomic growth, means that the region’s influence will grow in coming decades, the authors o f the 500-page work predict.The project, initially launched in 2011, aimed to answer one significant question: Is life in the tropics improving? To find out, the researchers analyzed environmental, social, and economic indicators collected over 6 decades. It finds that the region has made “extraordinary progress” in many areas. For example, there’s been a 14% increase in the proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water, and the number of protected areas is increasing. The tropics also have outperformed (胜过) the rest of the world in economic growth over the past 30 years; it now represents approximately 18.7% of global economic activity, up from 14.5% in 1980.Nevertheless, some challenges remain. Investment in research and development, for example, has increased modestly, but tropical nations still invest less than the rest of the world. “As a proportion of GDP the Rest of the World invests almost four times as much in research and development than the Tropics,” concludes the report.The report also includes a new analysis of how climate change will affect the region. Many plant and animal species are moving poleward in an attempt to stay within their preferred environmental conditions in the tropics, the authors write. However, some organisms may not be able to keep pace with the changing conditions, they predict. As a result, they can experience population declines or go extinct.In addition, an expanded tropical zone also threatens health and safety issues, the authors warn. As regions become more suitable to insects such as mosquitoes and ticks, the prevalence of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease could rise, causing a burden to human health and the economy.Bruna, a researcher, says he sees a lot to be con cerned about in the report. “While we’ve made incredible advances in some areas, I think the risks for the tropics that are highlighted in this report are things that we really need to be concerned about.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. The growth of both __________ displays that the influence of the tropics will increase in the future.79. What was the original purpose of the project State of the Tropics?80. According to the report, some organisms can experience population drop and extinction because of their __________.81. An expanded tropical zone will threaten health and safety issues; apart from that, what are the other existing challenges mentioned in the passage?第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你今晚能去参加李教授的讲座吗? (likely)2. 各国科学家正加强合作，寻求节能的有效方法。

2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word-完整精校版)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对,希望最大限度保证准确)考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2。

本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1—12页)和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3。

答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分）I。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said。

The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard。

1. A。

Impatient。

B。

Confused. C。

Pleased. D. Regretful。

2. A. At a bus stop。

B。

At a laundry。

C。

At the dentist’s。

D. At the chemist’s。

3。

A. An actor. B. A salesman。

C。

A translator。

松江二中高三第一学期英语第一次月考试卷

松江二中高三第一学期英语第一次月考试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.AWhen I was a child of seven years old, my mother, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers(铜币). I went directly to a shop (25)________ they sold toys for children. On my way to the shop, I was charmed with the sound of a whistle in the hands of a boy I met, so I voluntarily offered and gave all my money for one. Then I came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle but disturbing all the family. After knowing the “bargain” I had made, my mother told me I had given four times as much for the whistle (26)________ it was worth.I was laughed at me so much for my folly by my sisters, brothers and cousins (27)________ I cried with vexation(烦恼). The reflection which put me in mind (28)________ good things I might have bought with the rest of the money gave me more anger than the whistle gave me pleasure.This impression (29)________(continue) on my mind, however, was afterward of use to me. Since then, every time I was tempted to buy some unnecessary thing, I said to myself, “Don’t give too much for the whistle, and I will save my money.”As I grew up, came into the world, and observed my actions, I thought I met many, very many, (30) ________ gave too much for the whistle.When I saw a beautiful, sweet-tempered girl married to an ill-natured, brute husband, I said to myself, “What a pity that she (31)________ pay so much for a whistle.”In short, I think that a great number of the miseries of mankind are brought upon them by the false estimate they have made of the value of things, and by their giving too much (32) ________ such things.BAlice Roosevelt Longworth, the eldest daughter of American President Theodore Roosevelt, was a writer and a popular hostess who gave many parties in Washington, D.C. She was also a famous gossip. In her home, where many powerful politicians came to visit, there was (33)________ cushion on the sofa which said, “If you don’t have anything good (34)________ (say) about anybody, come sit next to me.” Alice delighted in hearing the worst about people, but she treated gossip with a sense of humor, which makes important people seem more human.It is hard to imagine what Alice would think about all the gossip flying around the Internet today, and all the unpleasant comments people make on so cial media. She probably wouldn’t like it because the comments are aimed at ordinary people and they (35)________(mean) to be hurtful. The Internet is now filled with “trolls” who feel (36)________(entitle) to criticize others and shower negative comments on people they don’t even know.This “troll” behavior (37)________(become) an ugly trend and psychologists say it is harmful to society and to people’s mental health. When the Internet is filled with negative comments, we start to distrust (38)________ and only see their bad side. If you happen to be on the receiving end of unpleasant comments, it can cause depression, anxiety and pretty much ruin your life.However, trolls, at heart, may not be bad people. They may just get carried away by the unique characteristics: anonymity, distance and the use of written words. Anonymity, because no one knows who is making the comments. Distance, because the person receiving the comments seems far away. And because the Internet comments are made in writing, it is (39)________(easy) to say things that you wouldn’t say out loud.Humans are social creatures, so making comments about other people is as natural to us as (40)________(breathe) air. However, we should try to think carefully before we post a comment online and ask ourselves these questions: Am I being fair? Am I being hurtful? Is my comment really necessary?Section BDirection: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that thereWe’re a nation - a globe, in fact - obsessed with our hair. Analysts ____41____ the global hair products industry to be worth £22.6 billion – and growing at a rate of up to seven per cent a year.There seems to be no limit on what we’ll spend to avoid a bad hair day. But for devotees of an underground beauty movement, the secret lies in throwing away the shampoo, in fact all the hair products, for good. The ‘no-poo’ method, which ____42____ using natural substitutes or just water in place of shampoo and conditioner, is supported by several circles.Beauty insiders, including writers for women’s magazines and professional hairdressers, speak highly of how hair becomes thicker, fuller and brighter. And environmentalists who are mindful with money feel great joy at the lack of chemicals in and on their bodies - not to mention the ____43____ on their budgets.Now one devotee is hoping to take it mainstream. Lucy Aitken Read, whose book Happy Hair: The definitive guide to giving up shampoo was ____44____ last week, hasn’t used shampoo for two years and her glowing auburn hair is ____45____ in perfect condition.For her, the ____46____ came after reading a study that claimed women put 515 chemicals on their bodies daily. “I ____47____ thought ‘Ha! They didn’t research me!’” Aitken Read says. “Then I looked at the back of my shampoo bottle and realized there were loads of chemical components I didn’t recognize in the slightest.”Strangely it is oily hair that can benefit the most from giving up shampoo. The theory behind the ‘no-poo’ method is that shampoo ____48____ the hair of its natural oils, which causes the scalp(头皮) to ____49____ more oils to replace them. This results in oil overload – oily hair – which we then ____50____ to ‘fix’ with more shampoo. It’s a vicious circle and quite a brilliant success for the shampoo industry, because the more shampoo you use, the more you need to use and the more frequently you need to use it.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some ____51____ ideas about the nature of happiness.Many intelligent people still ____52____ happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deep, more abiding emotion.Going to an amusement park or a ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, ____53____ forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects ____54____ when the fun ends.I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has ____55____ to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant ____56____ to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells "happiness". But in memoir after memoir, celebrities ____57____ the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be ____58____ satisfying. If he is honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite ____59____. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most ____60____ features.____61____, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night' s sleep or three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating ____62____ we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can ____63____ increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems ____64____. And it liberates us from ____65____: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people who we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.51.A. ideal B. realistic C. abstract D. mistaken52.A. substitute B. equate C. replace D. unite53.A. temporarily B. eventually C. permanently D. adventurously54.A. begin B. end C. resume D. start55.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything56.A. reply B. objection C. response D. access57.A. recover B. resolve C. reveal D. relieve58.A. less and less B. more and more C. more or less D. more than59.A. shameful B. grateful C. purposeful D. painful60.A. conflicting B. obliging C. enduring D. distinguishing61.A. Similarly B. Regrettably C. Slightly D. Specifically62.A. reservation B. realization C. recommendation D. restoration63.A. extremely B. originally C. genuinely D. remarkably64.A. priceless B. purposeless C. pointless D. painless65. A. happiness B. envy C. fun D. greedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ATwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin Grace showed off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however, is that she’s even swimming at all. She doesn’t have a tail.Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it?” Her tra iner, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it - but her tail didn’t. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim bymoving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move anotherway - like a fish! She pushed herself forward through the water by moving herpeduncles from side to side.The movement put harmful pressure on Grace’s backbone. So a company offered tocreate a man-made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as sheswam but soft enough that it wouldn’t hurt her.The first time Grace wore the artificial tail. She soon shook it off and let it sink in the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still le arning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The tail isn’t necessary for her to feel comfortable,” says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion and build muscles.”Now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.66. When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her ________.A. physical buildB. potential abilityC. chance of survivalD. adaptation to the surroundings67. A man-made tail is created for Grace to ________.A. let her recover fasterB. make her comfortableC. adjust her way of swimmingD. help her perform better tricks68. The story of Grace inspires people to_________.A. stick to their dreamsB. treat animals friendlyC. treasure what they haveD. face difficulties bravelyBCityCabA Member of COMFORT DELGROComfortable airport & city transfers:MaxiCab (seats 6 passengers)Booking Hotline: +65 6542 8297… or book at the Airport Shuttle counter at Terminal 1 or Terminal 2MaxiCab Service RatesTransfer to Airport/other destination $35Hourly Service (per hour - minimum 2 hours) $35Applicable additional charges:-- Between midnight to 6 am, an additional $12 per transfer or per hour-- For en-route stop to final destination, an additional $5 per stop apply otherwise $20-- Administrative charges of 10% of total fare for all Credit Card paymentsPersonalized tours: Cabby tour highlightsTour 1: Singapore Lifestyle Experience Singapore Tour 2: City & Cultural ExperienceTour 3: Eastern Heartland Experience Cabby Tour Tour 4: Western Heartland Experience●Conducted by licensed taxi tourist guides approved by theTour 5: Singapore Round Island Tour Singapore Tourism Board●Exclusive private tours in 6-seater MaxiCabs, 4-seater MercedesTour 6: Farm VisitsLimoCabs and normal cabs●Flexible pick-up times and locations Tour 7: Singapore by Night Tour●Extension of additional attractions and restaurants upon request Tour 8: Local Favorite Food & AttractionsTours start from just $105 per vehicle Bookings call: +65 6542 5831 or +65 6542 8297.sg69. What taxi services can a tourist to Singapore have according to the passagea. specially-tailored tours around Singaporeb. transfers between the terminals at the airportc. personalized tours beyond Singapored. transfers between the airport and the citye. hourly private Singapore taxi servicef. airport & city goods deliveryA. a, d, eB. a, b, fC. b, c, eD. c, d, f70. If a tourist goes to the airport in a MaxiCab at 5 a.m. and pays by credit card, he / she has to pay _________.A. $47B. $38.5C. $55D. $51.771. If a tourist group intends to book one of the suggested tours in a 6-seater MaxiCab, it_______.A. has to register at .sgB. can choose the time and place to collect the groupC. may apply to the Singapore Tourism BoardD. must first pay at least $105 as deposit72. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. A MaxiCab driver can stop on the way on request with extra charges.B. The cabby tour can show you around Singapore in the night time.C. A MaxiCab taxi tourist guide isn’t allowed to add scenic spots en route.D. Specially-trained taxi drivers operate various tours around Singapore.CWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.73. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life spanB. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity74. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A. They have a good understanding of evolution.B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.C. They are generally more active and intelligent.D. They are more likely to get over hardship.75. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.76. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A. Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.77. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D. Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.DSpace exploration has always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic(讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The endless argument is that funds are tight and that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury - as if saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us - not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can transcend(超越) what were once considered inherentlimitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.78. The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that ________.A. imagination is the mother of inventionB. ingenuity is essential for science fiction writersC. it takes patience for humans to realize their dreamsD. dreamers have always been interested in science fiction79. How did the general public view Kennedy’s space exploration plan?A. It symbolized the American dream.B. It was as urgent as racial equality.C. It sounded very much like a dream.D. It made an ancient dream come true.80. What does the author say about America’s aim to explore space?A. It may not bring about immediate economic gains.B. It cannot be realized without technological innovation.C. It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality.D. It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.81. What is the author’s attitude toward space programs?A. Critical.B. Reserved.C. Neutral.D. Supportive.II卷Translation1. 一有疑犯的消息请您立即联系当地警方。

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上海市松江二中2015届高三上学期开学考试英语试题2014- 08- 15第I卷（103分）I. Listening Comprehension (24分)Section A1. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher.D. A boss.2. A. In the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.3. A. By car. B. By bike. C. By bus. D. On foot.4. A. The English test took place a week ago.B. The woman was confident about the English test.C. Tomorrow’s English test will be easy.D. There won’t be an English test tomorrow.5. A. She doesn’t like English poetry. B. Poetry class is very popular.C. Dr. Robinson is easy to get along with.D. The course will be difficult.6. A. Five feet tall. B. Only one foot tall. C. Six feet tall. D. Seven feet tall.7. A. Go to the library. B. Go to see a film.C. Get some exercise.D. Do homework in school.8. A. It is 4: 10 now. B. It is 4: 20 now. C. It is 4: 50 now. D. It is 5:00 now.9. A. He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B. He has made great progress in his English.C. He is a student of the music department.D. He is not very interested in English songs.10. A. He has always been so productive. B. He got his job done within a minute.C. He finished the paper just in time.D. He hasn’t finished his paper yet.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long. B. When directions are short.C. When homework is given.D. When your mother talks.12. A. Your pen and paper. B. A few words.C. Your mind and ears.D. Some pictures.13. A Topics or page numbers. B. Key words or a picture in mind.C. Some details.D. School assignments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is based on individual need, personal goals and different life styles.B. It is decided by the healthiest lifestyle.C. It is based on some tests and comparison with standards.D. It is based more on individual needs than personal goals.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CII. Grammar and Vocabulary（26分）Section A25. —Can he take charge of the computer company?—I’m afraid it is _________ his ability.A. beyondB. withinC. ofD. to26. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _________of them answered it.A. eitherB. noneC. neitherD. nobody27. The higher the oil price is, ___________to the global economy.A. the more damage will it causeB. the more it will cause damageC. the more damage it will causeD. the more will it cause damage28. _________at the very beginning, the financial crisis was getting worse and worse in America.A. Not dealt with properlyB. Not dealing with properlyC. Not having dealt with properlyD. Not being dealt with properly29. The custom of giving gifts at Christmas can be traced back to the Wise Men _________gifts to the baby Jesus.A. bringB. broughtC. bringingD. being brought30. The driver _________, according to the newspaper, to have been killed in the traffic accident.A. saidB. was sayingC. was saidD. had been said31. If a computer crashes, you will lose the file you _________unless you save it regularly.A. are workingB. workC. will workD. worked32. The building burnt down in a big fire. _________was the base on which it stood.A. What remainedB. All remainedC. What was remainedD. All what remained33. To our surprise, that top student in our class failed _________a scholarship.A. obtainB. obtainingC. to obtainD. obtained1．I feel honored to introduce Mr White to you, without _________consideration our project would have ended in failure.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. who35. _________advertisements are of great help, I don’t think we should entirely rely on them.A. SinceB. WhileC. OnceD. As36. No one knows _________ prevented the rumor from spreading.A. what was it thatB. what it was thatC. how it was thatD. why it was that37. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. So were curious the coupleD. So was the couple curious38.Joe’s_______ in the get-together surely brought us a lot of pleasure as he is a man with astrong sense of humour.A. joiningB. having been joinedC. joinedD. had joined39.After John stayed in shanghai for a couple of days, he got the impression _________the citywas very fascinating.A. whichB. whyC. whereD. that40. Don’t leave the chocolates _______Cathy can get them. They are not good for teeth.A. whetherB. in whichC. whereD. unlessIf you are a modern art lover, you should be sure to drop by the Saatchi Gallery during your visit to London. The 41 gallery was opened by Charles Saatchi, a British art collector famous for founding the Saatchi and Saatchi advertising agency with his brother. It moved from its old 42 in St. John’s Wood to its new home in County Hall near the Thames in the spring of 2003.Anyone who has heard reports in the past of the often shocking but always thought-provoking (激发) works on 43 at the Saatchi Gallery will not be disappointed when visiting the gallery’s new location. Along with the exhibits of new British artists, the gallery still includes the works of Damien Hirst, the Chapman brothers, and Tracy Emin in its permanent 44 .Of the artworks, one can see in the Saatchi Gallery, Hirst’s works are probably the most well-known. Hirst’s work first made headlines in the early 1990s when he 45 art from dead animals.Along with Hirst, the Chapman brothers, Dinos and Jake, also owe a certain amount of their fame to the Saatchi Gallery. It was through Saatchi that these two brothers came to 46 attention. At the gallery, visitors can see the brothers’vision of Hell, made from 30, 000 plastic toy soldiers.Another artist 47 at the gallery who has grabbed headlines with her art is Tracy Emin. In 1998, Emin gave rise to argument when she sold her 48 , unmade bed to Saatchi as a work of art titled My Bed at ￡150, 000.Are any of these works really art? That is a question you will have to answer for yourself when you visit the Saatchi Gallery. Charles Saatchi himself says, “I don’t have any ground rules for 49 art. Sometimes you look and don’t feel very comfortable with it—but that doesn't tell you very much. It doesn't ____50____ reveal much about the quality of the work.”III. Reading Comprehension （53分）Section AAround 15 million of us will leave a cup of tea to go cold today while a similar amount will forget where they put the keys to their house or car.Meanwhile, 12 million go to the shops only to 51 forget what they went for----and the same will forget about 52 washing in the machine, according to the survey 53 by .PIN numbers, passwords and chores such as taking food out of the freezer the night before and 54 yourmobile phone also stood highly on the list. And more than one in ten 55 forgetting to buy a lottery ticket which may have 56 them a win.Modern busy lifestyles and increased 57 as well as modern technology were 58 the increase in our levels of forgetfulness.A National Lottery spokesman said: “We are busier than ever in our work and personal lives and it seems we just have too much to remember for our 59 minds.”The study found the technology has also played a part, leaving us with more gadgets(小装置) than ever before to60 and charge or take care of.61 work pressures it is within the home environment where most things are forgotten, such as credit card62 , children’s school events or food related things.The study found one in four people have 63 an important appointment and nearly one in five have fallen out with a friend over a forgotten date or event.Women are much better than men in the report, failing to 64 an average of two and a half things every day 65 to 3.5 things for men.51. A. completely B. fortunately C. barely D. mostly52. A. freezing B. elegant C. formal D. wet53. A. experimented B. conducted C. applied D. commanded54. A. loading B. forgetting C. charging D. remarking55. A. deny B. admit C. forbid D. avoid56. A. entitled B. purchased C. consumed D. cost57. A. pressure B. rank C. logic D. weight58. A. led to B. blamed for C. brought about D. confirmed59. A. crowded B. conscious C. impatient D. accurate60. A. dive in B. insert in C. push in D. plug in61. A. Despite B. Though C. In spite D. Moreover62. A. illustrations B. thefts C. payments D. journals63. A. missed B. made C. drawn D. concluded64. A. ignore B. remind C. recall D. assure65. A. devoted B. contributed C. opposed D. comparedSection B(A)I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent.I no longer consider myself the center of universe. I show up. I listen. I try to laugh. I was a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows(誓约)mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion, the bigger paycheck, the larger house.Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who loves you. And remember that love is not leisure, it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking for granted.It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, and our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learnedto live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all.I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned.66. How did the writer form her view of life?A. Through social experienceB. By learning from her friendsC. Through an unfortunate experienceD. From her children and husband67. The sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live.” means that people tend to _________.A. waste a lot in lifeB. work rather than enjoy lifeC. make a living rather live a real lifeD. forget the most important lessons in life68. It can be inferred from the passage that_________.A. The author likes travelling very muchB. The author did not try her best to work wellC. The author spent all her time caring for childrenD. the author is a success in personal life69. The best title for this passage probably is______.A. Love your friendsB. Live a real lifeC. Don’t waste timeD. Be a good wife and mother(B)OUR KIDS ARE AMAZING－especially compared with everybody else’s (who seem to cry all the time). How do you show your love for your kids this holiday season? With toys that are smooth and colorful, interactive and exciting. And with ones that have educational value－because you are the boss.A. ROBOSAPIENB. MINI PEDAL CARC. FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SETD. TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL71. Which toys are fit for three-year-old kids?A. 1 and 3.B. 2 and 4.C. I and 2.D. 3 and 4.72. This passage is written for __________.A. parentsB. childrenC. the salesmanD. the boss(C)Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧）levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.73. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may _______.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there74. Earlier studies about northern forest fires _________.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming75. Th e underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means ________.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. disturbed76.From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may __________.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy(D)Is Positive Thinking Powerful?The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are. The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In the 1990s, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment. The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled, expressing little sympathy for them. When these participants were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.77. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?A. There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems.B. Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people.C. The power of positive thinking is limited.D. Unhappy people cannot think positively.78. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. you are pointing out the mistakes he has madeB. you are not taking his mistakes seriously enoughC. you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligentD. you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults79. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?A. Self-approval can bring a positive change to one’s feelings.B. People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.C. It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect.D. Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.80. It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______.A. people can avoid making mistakes through meditationB. different people tend to have different ways of thinkingC. meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapyD. the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person(E)Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions and complete the statements in the fewest possible words.An addiction（瘾）is an activity or substance we are eager to experience repeatedly, and for which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol, cigarettes, food, drugs, gambling, etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be helpful in coping with addictive behavior.Relatively minor addictions, such as watching too much television, or lying in bed on weekend mornings, are often not even considered addictions, because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand, we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who, at least in the eyes of others, continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become clear that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career, house, family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use, but is unwilling to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences, to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned, with much area in between. Although it is not necessarily true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time, yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g., overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be surprised to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym, the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health, energy, self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions, positive addictions may not get stronger over time, and there is a broad range of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior, and the satisfaction that is felt when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of tension and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon, there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.81. What does the passage mainly talk about?_______________________________________________.82.We use the term “addict” to describe a person when he or she goes on _______________eventhough he or she knows it is not worthwhile.83. Why is exercising in the gym considered to be a positive addiction?_______________________________________________.84. How do people feel when the urge is acted on?_______________________________________________.(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)第II卷（47分）I. Translation(22%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、中国文化与西方文化是不同的。

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