2018年全国卷高考题底41题真题收集

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考点3明清君主专制制度的加强及真题(有答案)

考点3 明清君主专制制度的加强1．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ·41）阅读材料，完成下列要求。

中国基层社会治理历史悠久。

改革开放以后，村民自治成为中国亿万农民的伟大创造。

材料一宋代一些地方实行乡约制度，其功能主要是扬善惩恶，制定规约进行道德教化，并建立民间组织和相关的赏罚制度。

明清时期，宣讲“圣谕”成为乡约最重要的内容。

当时，由地方官吏广泛推行乡约制度，设立乡约组织，每月召集百姓宣讲、教化。

康熙九年颁布了乡约组织必须宣讲的《上谕十六条》，内容包含“重农桑以足衣食”“训子弟以禁非为”等。

——据杨开道《中国乡约制度》等材料二清末，时人认为“地方自治者，为今世界立国之基础……于救亡之事，至为切要”。

1909年，清政府颁布《城镇乡地方自治章程》，地方自治大致按行政区划分城镇和乡两级，设立议事会为议决机关，议员由选民互选充任。

——据张海鹏主编《中国近代通史》材料三 20世纪80年代后，村民自治迅速发展，到1997年底，全国共有91万个村民委员会的村干部由村民直接选举产生，大部分农村有90%以上的选民参加了选举。

1998年颁布了《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》，村民委员会是我国农村基层社会的群众自治组织。

——据郭德宏等主编《中华人民共和国专题史稿》（1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，概括宋代到明清时期乡约制度的变化，并说明乡约制度的积极作用。

（2）根据材料二并结合所学知识，简述清末城镇乡地方自治的历史背景。

（3）根据材料三并结合所学知识，说明村民自治的意义。

【考点】（1）古代中国的政治制度——宋明清时期的乡约制度（2）清末新政——城镇乡地方自治（3）改革开放以来民主与法制的建设——基层民主选举制度（村民自治）【解析】（1）第一小问变化，从乡约制度的内容及建立主体等方面来概括，根据“其功能主要是扬善惩恶，制定规约进行道德教化”“明清时期，宣讲‘圣谕’成为乡约最重要的内容”得出宋以道德教化为主，明清增加了宣讲“圣谕”的内容；根据“建立民间组织”“由地方官吏广泛推行乡约制度，设立乡约组织”得出乡约组织从民间自发建立到由地方官吏推动设立。

高考历史论述题历年41题总结全国新课标1卷

结合世界近代史的所学知识，从上述梗概中提取一个象，对历史现象的概述和评价准确全面。）
2020/11/5
谢谢观赏！
的壮举。
余名工人。
——据李亚凡编《世界历史年表》等
表4为14～17世纪中外历史事件张简居表正。进从行表赋中役提合取一相、互统关一联征的银中的外“图一文条信鞭息法，”自改拟革论。题李，时并珍结《合本所草学知哥识白予尼以提阐出述“。太（阳
合。）
纲目》刊刻。玉米、番薯、马铃薯等高产物传入中国。汤显祖出生，窦到中国，传播了
结合材料与所学世界史的相关知识，围绕“制度构想与实践”自行拟定一个具体的论题，并就所拟论题进行简要阐述（述须有史实依据）。
2017年42．阅读材料，完成下列要求。（12分）P89
时间 14～15世纪
中国
朱元璋在位期间，与占城、爪哇、暹罗等30余国进行官方贸易。废德国人古登堡发明
除丞相制度。郑和七下西洋，是世界航海史和中国古代对外交往史上美洲大陆。佛罗伦
小结：4—17世纪的中国与西方，随着资本主义萌芽的发展，人文主义思想得到了弘扬，冲击了封建统治，有利于
2018年42.阅读材料，完成下列要求。（12分）
材料英国作家笛福创作的小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》出版于1719年，其中许多情节反映了世界近代早期的重大历史现象。小说
鲁滨逊出生于英国一个生活优裕的商人家庭，渴望航海冒险。他在巴西开办了种植园，看到当地缺少劳动力，转而去非洲贩漂流到座荒岛上。他凭借自己的智慧和力量，制造工具，种植谷物，驯养动物，经过十多年，生活居然“过得很富裕”。宗 “在没有别人的帮助和教导下，通过自己阅读《圣经》无师自通的”。后来，鲁滨逊救出一个濒临被杀的“野人”，岛上居财产。鲁滨逊获救回国后，还去“视察”过他的领地。

2018年高考真题——理科综合(全国卷Ⅰ)+Word版含答案(精校版)

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

学·可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127 一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．生物膜的结构与功能存在密切的联系。

下列有关叙述错误的是A．叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ATP合成的酶B．溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的酶会造成细胞结构的破坏C．细胞的核膜是双层膜结构，核孔是物质进出细胞核的通道D．线粒体DNA位于线粒体外膜上，编码参与呼吸作用的酶2．生物体内的DNA常与蛋白质结合，以DNA—蛋白质复合物的形式存在。

下列相关叙述错误的是A．真核细胞染色体和染色质中都存在DNA—蛋白质复合物B．真核细胞的核中有DNA—蛋白质复合物，而原核细胞的拟核中没有C．若复合物中的某蛋白参与DNA复制，则该蛋白可能是DNA聚合酶D．若复合物中正在进行RNA的合成，则该复合物中含有RNA聚合酶3．下列有关植物根系吸收利用营养元素的叙述，错误的是A．在酸性土壤中，小麦可吸收利用土壤中的N2和NO-3B．农田适时松土有利于农作物根细胞对矿质元素的吸收C．土壤微生物降解植物秸秆产生的无机离子可被根系吸收D．给玉米施肥过多时，会因根系水分外流引起“烧苗”现象4．已知药物X对细胞增值有促进作用，药物D可抑制药物X的作用。

某同学将同一瓶小鼠皮肤细胞平均分为甲、乙、丙三组，分别置于培养液中培养，培养过程中进行不同的处理（其中甲组未加药物），每隔一段时间测定各组细胞数，结果如图所示。

【语文】2018年高考真题——全国Ⅰ卷(word附答案解析版)

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（河南、河北、山西、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、安徽、福建使用）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和座位号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观。

在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。

诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言，“照着讲”主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训诂、校勘、文献编纂，等等。

这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思，既应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么，也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力的内容，从而为今天的思考提供重要的思想资源。

与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”，从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统，以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。

在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程。

中国思想传统与西方思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源，而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”，同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。

2011—2018高考历史-全国卷41题小论文汇编

（2011·全国新课标卷文综）阅读材料，回答问题。

材料西方的崛起曾被视为世界历史中最引人入胜的历程之一。

这一进程始于民主与哲学在古希腊和古罗马的出现，继之以中世纪欧洲的君主制和骑士制度，经过文艺复兴和大航海时代，结束于西欧和北美对全世界军事、经济和政治的控制。

非洲、拉丁美洲和亚洲的人们只有在遭遇欧洲探险或被殖民时才会被提到，他们的历史也就是从欧洲的接触和征服才开始的。

然而，在过去的十多年中，一些历史学家对上述概括提出了颠覆性的认识。

他们认为在1500年前后的经济、科学技术、航海、贸易以及探索开拓方面，亚洲与中东国家都是全世界的引领者，而那时欧洲刚走出中世纪进入文艺复兴时期。

这些历史学家认为，当时的欧洲要远远落后于世界其他地方的许多文明，直到1800年才赶上并超过那些领先的亚洲国家。

因此，西方崛起是比较晚近才突然发生的，这在很大程度上都要归功于其他文明的成就，而不仅仅取决于欧洲本土上发生的事情。

——摘编自杰克•戈德斯通《为什么是欧洲？—世界史视角下的西方崛起（1500～1850）》评材料中关于西方崛起的观点。

（12分）（要求：围绕材料中的一种或两种观点展开评论；观点明确，史论结合。

）（2012·全国新课标卷文综）阅读材料，回答问题。

材料“冲击—反应”曾是国内外史学界解释中国近代历史的模式之一。

其主要观点为中国社会存在巨大惰性，缺乏突破传统框架的内部动力；从19世纪中期开始，西方的冲击促使中国发生剧烈变化。

有人据此图示中国近代历史变迁（见图1）。

图1根据材料并结合所学知识，评析“冲击—反应”模式。

（要求：对该模式赞成、反对或另有观点均可，观点明确；运用材料中的史实进行评析，史论结合。

）（2013·新课标全国全国Ⅰ卷）阅读材料，完成下列要求。

历史地图包含了政治、经济、文化等多种信息。

图1 东汉十四州示意图图2 唐开元十五道示意图比较图1、图2，提取两项有关汉唐间历史变迁的信息，并结合所学知识予以说明。

2018年全国统一高考真题数学试卷(理科)(新课标ⅰ)(含答案及解析)

2018年全国统一高考数学试卷（理科）（新课标Ⅰ）一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．（5分）设z=+2i，则|z|=（）A．0B．C．1D．2．（5分）已知集合A={x|x2﹣x﹣2＞0}，则∁R A=（）A．{x|﹣1＜x＜2}B．{x|﹣1≤x≤2}C．{x|x＜﹣1}∪{x|x＞2}D．{x|x≤﹣1}∪{x|x≥2}3．（5分）某地区经过一年的新农村建设，农村的经济收入增加了一倍，实现翻番．为更好地了解该地区农村的经济收入变化情况，统计了该地区新农村建设前后农村的经济收入构成比例，得到如下饼图：则下面结论中不正确的是（）A．新农村建设后，种植收入减少B．新农村建设后，其他收入增加了一倍以上C．新农村建设后，养殖收入增加了一倍D．新农村建设后，养殖收入与第三产业收入的总和超过了经济收入的一半4．（5分）记S n为等差数列{a n}的前n项和．若3S3=S2+S4，a1=2，则a5=（）A．﹣12B．﹣10C．10D．125．（5分）设函数f（x）=x3+（a﹣1）x2+ax．若f（x）为奇函数，则曲线y=f（x）在点（0，0）处的切线方程为（）A．y=﹣2x B．y=﹣x C．y=2x D．y=x6．（5分）在△ABC中，AD为BC边上的中线，E为AD的中点，则=（）A．﹣B．﹣C．+D．+7．（5分）某圆柱的高为2，底面周长为16，其三视图如图．圆柱表面上的点M 在正视图上的对应点为A，圆柱表面上的点N在左视图上的对应点为B，则在此圆柱侧面上，从M到N的路径中，最短路径的长度为（）A．2B．2C．3D．28．（5分）设抛物线C：y2=4x的焦点为F，过点（﹣2，0）且斜率为的直线与C交于M，N两点，则•=（）A．5B．6C．7D．89．（5分）已知函数f（x）=，g（x）=f（x）+x+a．若g（x）存在2个零点，则a的取值范围是（）A．[﹣1，0）B．[0，+∞）C．[﹣1，+∞）D．[1，+∞）10．（5分）如图来自古希腊数学家希波克拉底所研究的几何图形．此图由三个半圆构成，三个半圆的直径分别为直角三角形ABC的斜边BC，直角边AB，AC．△ABC的三边所围成的区域记为I，黑色部分记为Ⅱ，其余部分记为Ⅲ．在整个图形中随机取一点，此点取自Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ的概率分别记为p1，p2，p3，则（）A．p1=p2B．p1=p3C．p2=p3D．p1=p2+p3 11．（5分）已知双曲线C：﹣y2=1，O为坐标原点，F为C的右焦点，过F的直线与C的两条渐近线的交点分别为M，N．若△OMN为直角三角形，则|MN|=（）A．B．3C．2D．412．（5分）已知正方体的棱长为1，每条棱所在直线与平面α所成的角都相等，则α截此正方体所得截面面积的最大值为（）A．B．C．D．二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

2018年全国统一高考生物试卷(新课标ⅰ)(含解析)

2018年全国统一高考生物试卷（新课标Ⅰ）一、选择题（共6小题，每小题6分，满分36分）1．（6分）生物膜的结构与功能存在密切的联系，下列有关叙述错误的是（）A．叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ATP合成的酶B．溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的酶会造成细胞结构的破坏C．细胞的核膜是双层膜结构，核孔是物质进出细胞核的通道D．线粒体DNA位于线粒体外膜上，编码参与呼吸作用的酶2．（6分）生物体内的DNA常与蛋白质结合，以DNA﹣蛋白质复合物的形式存在。

下列相关叙述错误的是（）A．真核细胞染色体和染色质中都存在DNA﹣蛋白质复合物B．真核细胞的核中有DNA﹣蛋白质复合物，而原核细胞的拟核中没有C．若复合物中的某蛋白参与DNA复制，则该蛋白可能是DNA聚合酶D．若复合物中正在进行RNA的合成，则该复合物中含有RNA聚合酶3．（6分）下列有关植物根系吸收利用营养元素的叙述，错误的是（）A．在酸性土壤中，小麦可吸收利用土壤中的N2和NO3﹣B．农田适时松土有利于农作物根细胞对矿质元素的吸收C．土壤微生物降解植物秸秆产生的无机离子可被根系吸收D．给玉米施肥过多时，会因根系水分外流引起“烧苗”现象4．（6分）已知药物X对细胞增殖有促进作用，药物D可抑制药物X的作用。

某同学将同一瓶小鼠皮肤细胞平均分为甲、乙、丙三组，分别置于培养液中培养，培养过程中进行不同的处理（其中甲组未加药物），每隔一段时间测定各组细胞数。

结果如图所示。

据图分析，下列相关叙述不合理的是（）A．乙组加入了药物X后再进行培养B．丙组先加入药物X，培养一段时间后加入药物D，继续培养C．乙组先加入药物D，培养一段时间后加入药物X，继续培养D．若药物X为蛋白质，则药物D可能改变了药物X的空间结构5．（6分）种群密度是种群的数量特征之一。

下列叙述错误的是（）A．种群的S型增长是受资源因素限制而呈现的结果B．某林场中繁殖力极强老鼠种群数量的增长会受密度制约C．鱼塘中某种鱼的养殖密度不同时，单位水体该鱼的产量有可能相同D．培养瓶中细菌种群数量达到K值前，密度对其增长的制约逐渐减弱6．（6分）某大肠杆菌能在基本培养基上生长，其突变体M和N均不能在基本培养基上生长，但M可在添加了氨基酸甲的基本培养基上生长，N可在添加了氨基酸乙的基本培养基上生长。

(完整word版)2018全国高考英语完型填空真题汇编(含答案),推荐文档

During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s46 I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and 52 .to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 53 and leaned life lessons that have served me well beyond the54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I' m still putting to use what he 55 me：“the absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words s till ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.41. A put forward B jumped at C tried out D turned down42. A waste B earn C save D pay43. A excited B worried C moved D tired44. A title B competitor C textbook D instructor45. A urged B demanded C held D meant46. A fastest B easiest C best D rarest47. A interview B meet C challenge D beat48. A chance B qualification C honor D job49. A real B perfect C clear D possible50. A attend B pass C skip D observe51. A add B expose C apply D compare52. A eventually B naturally C directly D normally53. A game B presentation C course D experiment54. A criterion B classroom C department D situation55. A taught B wrote C questioned D promised56. A fact B step C manner D skill57. A grades B decisions C impressions D comments58. A analyze B describe C rebuild D control59. A announce B signal C block D evaluate60. A role B desire C concern D behaviorTwo weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d __41__ seen him. So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was __43__! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to __44__. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little __46__, I realized one kayak（皮划艇）was in __47__. ＂Something’s not __48__!＂I took off my T-shirt and __49__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was __50__ violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __51__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __52_ to me. Those brown eyes were very __53__. ＂What’s his name?＂I asked the instructor. ＂Ben,＂he replied, and immediately I __54__. That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance. __55__, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben __57__ to me. ＂I just want to say thank you,＂he said. ＂You __58__ my life!＂I still can’t believe what a __59__ it was. I’m just so glad I was there __60__ to help my son.41. A. also B. often C. even D. last42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry43. A. scared B. shocked C. thrilled D. ashamed44. A. talk B. stay C. meet D. settle45. A. bathed B. clean C. deep D. formed46. A. faster B. closer C. heavier D. wiser47. A. trouble B. advance C. question D. battle48. A. real B. right C. fair D. fit49. A. stared B. sank C. dived D. fell50. A. arguing B. fighting C. shouting D. shaking51. A. lead B. persuade C. carry D. keep52. A. happened B. occurred C. applied D. appealed53. A. sharp B. pleasant C. attractive D. familiar54. A. agreed B. hesitated C. doubted D. knew55. A. Fortunately B. Frankly C. Sadly D. Suddenly56. A. return B. relax C. speak D. leave57. A. joked B. turned C. listened D. pointed58. A. created B. honored C. saved D. guided59. A. coincidence B. change C. pity D. pain60. A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purposeWhen most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say ＂sorry, __41__ number!＂and move on. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something __43__.On March 19, Dennis got a group text __44__ him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the __45__ of a baby.＂Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,＂Dennis __46__. The baby was born and update texts were __47__ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her __48__, she didn’t seem to realize that she was __49__ the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. ＂Well, I don’t __50__ you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,＂replied Dennis before asking which room the new __51__ were in.Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his __52__! He turned up at the hospital __53__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally __54__ by the unexpected visit. ＂I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we __55__ it and the gifts.＂Teresa __56__ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website __57__ by the touching words: ＂What a __58__ this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.＂The post has since gained the __60__ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.41.A. unlucky B. secret C. new D. wrong42.A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed43.A. reasonable B. special C. necessary D. practical44.A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning45.A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival46.A. responded B. interrupted C. predicted D. repeated47.A. coming in B. setting out C. passing down D. moving around48.A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort49.A. comparing B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing50.A. accept B. know C. believe D. bother51.A. parents B. doctors C. patients D. visitors52.A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle53.A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making54.A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated55.A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect56.A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted57.A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarified D. accompanied58 .A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem59.A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair60.A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trustThe Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the __16__ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith __17__more remarkable.After spotting a __18__ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the __19__ to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he __20___ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to __21__ it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after __22__ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were __23__to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was __24__.The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his __25__.Mr. Anderson said: ＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight __26__ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and __27__ he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others __28__. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are __29__ guys out there.＂Mr. Smith’s act __30__ much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson __31__ about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to __32__ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown __33__ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job __34__ and all sorts,＂Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing __35__. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement26. A. when B. if C. where D. because27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn33. A. of B. at C. for D. in34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challengeRaynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been36 to pay lawyers’ fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed（诊断）with a37 disease. There was no 38 , only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a 39 journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者）guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 40 recovery. When leaving home, Raynor andMoth had just ￡320 in the bank. They planned to keep the 41 low by living on boiled noodles, with the 42 hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is 43 in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up 44 and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 45 than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor 46 all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial 47 , found his symptoms were strangely 48 by their daily tiring journey.49 , the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50 forever. "Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes 51 to a thread, but we were alive."During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, " 52 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) 53 written book. It had also given me a 54 , either to leave that page 55 or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.”36. A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up37. A. mild B. common C. preventable D. serious38. A. cure B. luck C. care D. promise39. A. business B. walking C. bus D. rail40. A. expected B. frightening C. disappointing D. surprising41. A. budget B. revenue C. compensation D. allowance42. A. frequent B. occasional C. abundant D. constant43. A. unpopular B. lawful C. attractive D. illegal44. A. soon B. early C. late D. slowly45. A. harder B. easier C. cheaper D. funnier46. A. rolled B. bled C. ached D. trembled47. A. struggle B. progress C. excitement D. research48. A. developed B. controlled C. reduced D. increased49. A. Initially B. Eventually C. Temporarily D. Consequently50. A. gained B. kept C. wounded D. lost51. A. sewn B. washed C. worn D. ironed52. A. Doctors B. Hiking C. Lawyers D. Homelessness53. A. well B. partly C. neatly D. originally54. A. choice B. reward C. promise D. break55. A. loose B. full C. blank D. missingNo one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own __16__.I learned this lesson from a(n) __17__ many years ago. I took the head __18__ job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play agains t the __19__ team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to __20__ the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I c ouldn’t __21__ I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to __22__ that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were __23__ me. I had to change my __24__about their ability and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little __25__. Most important, I began to treat them like __26__. That summer, When the other teams enjoyed their __27___, we met every day and __28__passing and kicking the football.Six months after suffering our __29__on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to __30__. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a __31__for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest __32__of my life!From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can __33__ the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and__34__them. I helped them to see themselves __35__, and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made, but born.16. A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature17. A. experiment B. experience C. visit D. show18. A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching19. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new20. A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D. finish with21. A. believe B. agree C. describe D. regret22. A. realize B. claim C. permit D. demand23. A. reacting to B. looking for C. depending on D. caring about24. A. decision B. attitude C. conclusion D. intention25. A. pride B. culture C. fortune D. relationship26. A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners27. A. rewards B. vacations C. health D. honor28. A. risked B. missed C. considered D. practiced29. A. defeat B. decline C. accident D. mistake30. A. relax B. improve C. expand D. defend31. A. shame B. burden C. victory D. favor32. A. chances B. thrills C. concerns D. offers33. A. surprise B. serve C. interest D. affect34. A. encouraged B. observed C. protected D. impressed35. A. honestly B. individually C. calmly D. differentlyA young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he took 36 of a bus after its driver suffered a serious heart attack. Guy Harvold, 24, had 37 the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bourmemouth to 38 their host families. They were going to 39 a course at the ABC Language School in Bournemouth where Harvold works as a 40 .Harvold, who has not 41 his driving test, said, “I realized the bus was out of control when I was 42 the students.”The bus ran into trees at the side of the road and he 43 the driver was slumped (倒伏) over the wheel. The driver didn’t 44 . He was unconscious. The bus45 a lamp post and it broke the glass on the front door before Harvold 46 to bring the bus toa stop. Police 47 the young teacher’s quick thinking. If he hadn’t48 quickly, there could have been a terrible 49 .The bus driver never regained consciousness and died at Easy Surrey Hospital. He had worked regularly with the 50 and was very well regarded by the teachers and students. Harvold said, “I was51 that no one else was hurt, but I hoped that the driver would 52 .The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend 53 to Dublin with a friend, thanking him for his 54 . A local driving school has also offered him six 55 driving lessons.36. A. control B. care C. advantage D. note37. A. taken in B. picked up C. tracked down D. helped out38. A. greet B. thank C. invite D. meet39. A. present B. introduce C. take D. organize40. A. drive B. doctor C. librarian D. teacher41. A. given B. marked C. passed D. conducted42. A. speaking to B. waiting for C. returning to D. looking for43. A. learned B. noticed C. mentioned D. doubted44. A. sleep B. cry C. move D. recover45. A. ran over B. went by C. carried D. hit46. A. remembered B. continued C. prepared D. managed47. A. witnessed B. recorded C. praised D. understood48. A. appeared B. reacted C. escaped D. interrupted49. A. delay B. accident C. mistake D. experience50. A. airport B. hospital C. school D. police51. A. happy B. fortunate C. touched D. sorry52. A. survive B. retire C. relax D. succeed53. A. project B. trip C. dinner D. duty54. A. bravery B. skill C. quality D. knowledge55. A. necessary B. easy C. different D. freeWe have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __36__ to have too much?I__37__ back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also __38__a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __39__.When I got into college, things __40__. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this __41__ there was no sense of __42__ to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became__43__.Once that happened, I just kept__44__my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was__45__really late at night to get my work alone.One day I __46__a former classmate of mine who was __47__ a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was __48__,I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would __49__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in__50__.He said that if he __51__the job, he would lose his __52__ to work and succeed.So, try __53__your tine with other work. This is why there is a __54__ that if you want something done, ask a __55__person to do it.36.A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible37.A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect38.A. watched B. loved. C. Coached D. played39.A. al last B. right away C. of course D. mattered40.A. happened B. repeated C. changed D. mattered41.A. extra B. difficult C. valuable D. limited42.A. duty B. achievement C. urgency D. direction43.A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit44.A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling45.A. hanging out B. staying up C. jogging round D. showing off46.A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired47.A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making48.A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding49.A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply50.A. childhood B. college C. town D. business51.A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept52.A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way53.A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading54.A. message B. story C. saying D. fact55.A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind2018新课标I卷BCADD CBDCB CACBA DBADA 2018新课标II卷DACCA BABCD CBDDA DBCAB 2018新课标III卷 DABDC AACDB ABACC DDBCB 2018北京卷CBACD ABDAC ABDAD BBDCC 2018江苏卷BDABD ABDCA CACBD CDBAC 2018天津卷CBDDB AACBA CBDAB CBDAD 2017.11浙江卷ABDCD CABCD DCBBC AABAD 2018浙江卷DADBC ACDAB ADCDB ACBCB。

2018年高考真题——语文(全国卷Ⅰ)+Word版含答案

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读(36分)（一）论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题，9分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

诸子之学，兴起于先秦，当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出，蔚为思想史之奇观。

在狭义上，诸子之学与先秦时代相联系；在广义上，诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程，这一过程至今仍没有终结。

诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学”，即新时代的诸子之学，也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言，“照着讲”主要从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究，诸如训诂、校勘、文献编纂，等等。

与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”。

从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看，“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格，它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统。

以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景，“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系，在中西之学已相遇的背景下，“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融，从更深的层次看，这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构和发展过程。

中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源，而世界文化的发展，则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”，同时展现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学，“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。

“照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。

2018全国高考英语完型填空真题汇编(含答案)

2018新课标Ⅰ卷During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and 52 .to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and leaned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I' m still putting to use what he 55 me：“the absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.41. A put forward B jumped at C tried out Dturned down42. A waste B earn C save D pay43. A excited B worried C moved D tired44. A title B competitor C textbook D instructor45. A urged B demanded C held D meant46. A fastest B easiest C best D rarest47. A interview B meet C challenge D beat48. A chance B qualification C honor D job49. A real B perfect C clear D possible50. A attend B pass C skip D observe51. A add B expose C apply D compare52. A eventually B naturally C directly D normally53. A game B presentation C course D experiment54. A criterion B classroom C department D situation55. A taught B wrote C questioned D promised56. A fact B step C manner D skill57. A grades B decisions C impressions D comments58. A analyze B describe C rebuild D control59. A announce B signal C block D evaluate60. A role B desire C concern D behavior 2018新课标ⅠI卷Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d __41__ seen him. So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was __43__! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to __44__. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little __46__, I realized one kayak（皮划艇） was in __47__. ”Something’s not __48__!” I took off my T-shirt and __49__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was __50__ violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __51__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __52_ to me. Those brown eyes were very __53__. ”What’s his name?”I asked the instructor. ”Ben,” he replied, and immediately I __54__. That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance. __55__, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben __57__ to me. ”I just want to say thank you,” he said. ”You __58__ my life!”I still can’t believe what a __59__ it was. I’m just so glad I was there __60__ to help my son.41. A. also B. often C. even D. last42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry43. A. scared B. shocked C. thrilled D. ashamed44. A. talk B. stay C. meet D. settle45. A. bathed B. clean C. deep D. formed46. A. faster B. closer C. heavier D. wiser47. A. trouble B. advance C. question D. battle48. A. real B. right C. fair D. fit49. A. stared B. sank C. dived D. fell50. A. arguing B. fighting C. shouting D. shaking51. A. lead B. persuade C. carry D. keep52. A. happened B. occurred C. applied D. appealed53. A. sharp B. pleasant C. attractive D. familiar54. A. agreed B. hesitated C. doubted D. knew55. A. Fortunately B. Frankly C. Sadly D. Suddenly56. A. return B. relax C. speak D. leave57. A. joked B. turned C. listened D. pointed58. A. created B. honored C. saved D. guided59. A. coincidence B. change C. pity D. pain60. A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose2018新课标ⅠII卷When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say ”sorry, __41__ number!” and move on. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something __43__. On March 19, Dennis got a group text __44__ him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the __45__ of a baby.”Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,” Dennis __46__. The baby was born and update texts were __47__ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her __48__, she didn’t seem to realize that she was __49__ the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. ”Well, I don’t __50__ you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before asking which room the new __51__ were in.Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his __52__! He turned up at the hospital __53__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husbandwas totally __54__ by the unexpected visit. ”I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we __55__ it and the gifts.”Teresa __56__ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website __57__ by the touching words: ”What a __58__ this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the __60__ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.41.A. unlucky B. secret C. new D. wrong42.A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed43.A. reasonable B. special C. necessary D. practical44.A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning45.A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival46.A. responded B. interrupted C. predicted D. repeated47.A. coming in B. setting out C. passing down D. moving around48.A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort49.A. comparing B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing50.A. accept B. know C. believe D. bother51.A. parents B. doctors C. patients D. visitors52.A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle53.A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making54.A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated55.A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect56.A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted57.A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarified D. accompanied58 .A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem59.A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair60.A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust2018卷The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source （来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the __16__ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith __17__more remarkable.After spotting a __18__ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the __19__ to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he __20___ inside and pulled the wallet outhoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to __21__ it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after __22__ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were __23__to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was __24__.The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his __25__.Mr. Anderson said: ”I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight __26__ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and __27__ he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others __28__. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are __29__ guys out there.”Mr. Smith’s act __30__ much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson __31__ about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to __32__ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. ”I think the faith that everyone has shown __33__ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job __34__ and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing __35__. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement26. A. when B. if C. where D. because27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn33. A. of B. at C. for D. in34. A. details B. changes C. offers D.applications35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge2018卷Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been36 to pay lawyers’ fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed（诊断）with a 37 disease. There was no 38 , only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a 39 journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者）guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 40 recovery. When leaving home, Raynor andMoth had just ￡320 in the bank. They planned to keep the 41 low by livingon boiled noodles, with the 42 hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is 43 in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up 44 and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 45 than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor 46 all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, afteran initial 47 , found his symptoms were strangely 48 by their daily tiring journey.49 , the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, withre-found strong muscles that they thought had 50 forever. "Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes 51 to a thread, but we were alive."During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, " 52 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) 53 written book. It had also given me a 54 , either to leave that page 55 or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.”36. A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up37. A. mild B. common C. preventable D. serious38. A. cure B. luck C. care D. promise39. A. business B. walking C. bus D. rail40. A. expected B. frightening C. disappointing D.surprising41. A. budget B. revenue C. compensation D. allowance42. A. frequent B. occasional C. abundant D. constant43. A. unpopular B. lawful C. attractive D. illegal44. A. soon B. early C. late D. slowly45. A. harder B. easier C. cheaper D. funnier46. A. rolled B. bled C. ached D. trembled47. A. struggle B. progress C. excitement D. research48. A. developed B. controlled C. reduced D.increased49. A. Initially B. Eventually C. Temporarily D.Consequently50. A. gained B. kept C. wounded D. lost51. A. sewn B. washed C. worn D. ironed52. A. Doctors B. Hiking C. Lawyers D. Homelessness53. A. well B. partly C. neatly D. originally54. A. choice B. reward C. promise D. break55. A. loose B. full C. blank D. missing 2018天津卷No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own __16__.I learned this lesson from a(n) __17__ many years ago. I took the head __18__ job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the __19__ team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to __20__ the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I cou ldn’t __21__ I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to __22__ that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were __23__ me.I had to change my __24__about their ability and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little __25__. Most important, I began to treat them like __26__. That summer, When the other teams enjoyed their __27___, we met every day and __28__passing and kicking the football.Six months after suffering our __29__on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to __30__. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a __31__for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest __32__of my life!From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can __33__ the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and__34__them.I helped them to see themselves __35__, and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made, but born.16. A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature17. A. experiment B. experience C. visit D. show18. A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching19. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new20. A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D.finish with21. A. believe B. agree C. describe D. regret22. A. realize B. claim C. permit D. demand23. A. reacting to B. looking for C. depending on D. caring about24. A. decision B. attitude C. conclusion D. intention25. A. pride B. culture C. fortune D. relationship26. A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners27. A. rewards B. vacations C. health D. honor28. A. risked B. missed C. considered D. practiced29. A. defeat B. decline C. accident D. mistake30. A. relax B. improve C. expand D. defend31. A. shame B. burden C. victory D. favor32. A. chances B. thrills C. concerns D. offers33. A. surprise B. serve C. interest D. affect34. A. encouraged B. observed C. protected D. impressed35. A. honestly B. individually C. calmly D. differently2017.11卷A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he took 36 of a bus after its driver suffered a serious heart attack. Guy Harvold, 24, had 37 the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bourmemouth to 38 their host families. They were going to 39 a course at the ABC Language School in Bournemouth where Harvold works as a 40 .Harvold, who has not 41 his driving test, said, “I realized the bus was out of control when I was 42 the students.” The bus ran into trees at the side of the road and he 43 the driver was slumped (倒伏) over the wheel. The driver didn’t 44 . He was unconscious. The bus 45 a lamp post and it broke the glass on the front door before Harvold 46 to bring the bus to a stop. Police 47 the young teacher’s quick thinking. If he hadn’t 48 quickly, there could have been a terrible 49 .The bus driver never regained consciousness and died at Easy Surrey Hospital. He had worked regularly with the 50 and was very well regarded by the teachers and students. Harvold said, “I was 51 that no one else was hurt, but I hoped that the driver would 52 .The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend 53 to Dublin with a friend, thanking him for his 54 .A local driving school has also offered him six 55 driving lessons.36. A. control B. care C. advantage D. note37. A. taken in B. picked up C. tracked down D. helped out38. A. greet B. thank C. invite D. meet39. A. present B. introduce C. take D. organize40. A. drive B. doctor C. librarian D. teacher41. A. given B. marked C. passed D. conducted42. A. speaking to B. waiting for C. returning to D. looking for43. A. learned B. noticed C. mentioned D. doubted44. A. sleep B. cry C. move D. recover45. A. ran over B. went by C. carried D. hit46. A. remembered B. continued C. prepared D. managed47. A. witnessed B. recorded C. praised D. understood48. A. appeared B. reacted C. escaped D. interrupted49. A. delay B. accident C. mistake D. experience50. A. airport B. hospital C. school D. police51. A. happy B. fortunate C. touched D. sorry52. A. survive B. retire C. relax D. succeed53. A. project B. trip C. dinner D. duty54. A. bravery B. skill C. quality D. knowledge55. A. necessary B. easy C. different D. free 2018卷We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __36__ to have too much?I__37__ back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also __38__a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __39__.When I got into college, things __40__. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this __41__ there was no sense of __42__ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became__43__.Once that happened, I just kept__44__my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was__45__really late at night to get my work alone.One day I __46__a former classmate of mine who was __47__ a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was __48__,I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would __49__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in__50__.He said that if he __51__the job, he would lose his __52__ to work and succeed.So, try __53__your tine with other work. This is why there is a __54__ that if you want something done, ask a __55__person to do it.36.A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible37.A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect38.A. watched B. loved. C. Coached D. played39.A. al last B. right away C. of course D. mattered40.A. happened B. repeated C. changed D. mattered41.A. extra B. difficult C. valuable D. limited42.A. duty B. achievement C. urgency D. direction43.A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit44.A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling45.A. hanging out B. staying up C. jogging round D. showing off46.A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired47.A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making48.A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding49.A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply50.A. childhood B. college C. town D. business51.A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept52.A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way53.A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading54.A. message B. story C. saying D. fact55.A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind 2018新课标I卷BCADD CBDCB CACBA DBADA2018新课标II卷DACCA BABCD CBDDA DBCAB2018新课标III卷DABDC AACDB ABACC DDBCB2018卷CBACD ABDAC ABDAD BBDCC2018卷BDABD ABDCA CACBD CDBAC2018天津卷CBDDB AACBA CBDAB CBDAD 2017.11卷ABDCD CABCD DCBBC AABAD 2018卷DADBC ACDAB ADCDB ACBCB。

2018年高考全国卷1试卷含答案

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国Ⅰ卷）文综历史试题（晋冀鲁豫湘鄂赣徽闽粤10省使用）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分100分。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共48分）本卷共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个项是最符合题目要求的。

24.《墨子》中有关于“圆”“直线”“正方形”“倍”的定义，对杠杆原理、声音传播、小孔成像等也有论述，还有机械制造方面的记载。

这反映出，《墨子》A.汇集了诸子百家的思想精华B.形成了完整的科学体系C.包含了劳动人民智慧的结晶D.体现了贵族阶层的旨趣25.据学者研究，唐朝“安史之乱”后百余年间的藩镇基本情况如表2所示。

表2 “安史之乱”后百余年间唐朝藩镇基本情况表藩镇类型数量（个）官员任免赋税供纳兵额与功能河朔型7 藩镇自擅不上供拥重兵以自立中原型8 朝廷任命少上供驻重兵防骄藩边疆型17 朝廷任命少上供驻重兵守边疆东南型9 朝廷任命上供驻兵少防盗贼由此可知，这一时期的藩镇A.控制了朝廷财政收入B.彼此之间攻伐不已C.注重维护中央的权威D.延续了唐朝的统治26.北宋前中期，在今四川井研县一带山谷中，密布着成百上千个采用新制盐技术的竹篱井，井主所雇工匠大多来自“他州别县”，以“佣身赁力”为主，受雇期间，若对工作条件或待遇不满意，辄另谋高就。

这反映出当时A.民营手工业得到发展B.手工业者社会地位高C.雇佣劳动已经普及D.盐业专卖制度解体27.图6中的动物是郑和下西洋时外国使臣随船向明政府贡献的奇珍异兽，明朝君臣认为，这就是中国传说的“麒麟”，明成祖遂赐外国使臣。

这表明当时A.对外交流促使中国传统绘画出现新的类型B.朝廷用中国文化对朝贡贸易贡品加以解读C.海禁政策的解除促进了对外文化交流D.外来物品的传入推动了传统观念更新28.甲午战争期间，日本制定舆论宣传策略，把中国和日本分别包装成野蛮与文明的代表，并运用公关手段让欧美舆论倒向日方。

2018高考英语试题全国卷及答案.doc

绝密★启用前2018 年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试英语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共 5 小题：每题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）1． What is the man going to do?A． Open the window.B． Find another room. 2． What do we know about Peter Schmidt?A． He has lost his ticket.went out to buy a ticket.3． What do we know about mother and son?A． She wants to tell him the result of the game.B．She doesn’t like him to watch TV.C． She knows which team he supports.4． What are the speakers talking about?A． Exam results.B． Time for the exam. 5． What will the woman tell the man?C． Go out with the woman.B． He is expecting a ticket. C ．He C． Change of class hours.A．Her company’s name. B ． Her new address.C． Her phone number.第二节（共15 小题：每题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分）6． What is the possible relationship between the woman and the man?A． Wife and husband.B． Doctor and patient.C． Boss and secretary 7． What does the woman think about the man?A． He is not good to the children.B． He is not telling the truth.C． He sleeps too much.8． Where does the woman want to go?A． An office.B． A fruit shop.C． A police station. 9． What does the woman have to do now?A． Wait for Mark at the crossroads.B． Walk ahead and turn right.C． Walk a little way back.10． What exactly does the man want to find out?A． What people think of the bus service.B． How many people are using the bus service.C． Which group of people use the bus service most often.11． What does the woman say about the bus service?A． The distance between bus stops is too long.B． The bus timetables are full of mistakes.C． Buses are often not on time.12． Why does the woman say her husband is fortunate?A．He often goes to work in a friend’s car.B．He doesn’t need to go shopping by bus.C． He lives close to the bus station.13． What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A． Salesperson and customerB． Old school friendsC． Fellow workers14． What do we know about the woman?C．She is A． She is fond of her work.B． She is tired of traveling.interested in law.15． What is the man?A． A company manager.B． A salesperson.C． A lawyer.16． Why does the woman ask for the man’s address?A． To send him a book.B． To get together with him.C． To repair something at his home.17． What is the aim of the program?A． To keep trainees in shape.B． To improve public relations.C． To develop leadership skills.18． Which of the following will the trainess be doing during the program?A． Attenling lectures on managementB． Preparing reports for the company.C． Making plans for a journey.19． How long will the program last?A． 8 days B． 12 days C． 20 days.20． If people want to join the program, what should they do after the meeting?A． Take a pre-test B． Pay for the program.C． Sign on a piece of paper.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节：单项填空（共15 小题：每题 1 分，满分15 分）21．Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed.A． unless B． since C． although D． when22． A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A． smoke B． smoking C． to smoke D． smoked23． Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.A． much too heavy B． too much heavy C． heavy too much D． too heavy much24．— Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to—Don’t call me“Joe”. I ’m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it!A． do B．didn ’t C． did D．don’t25．If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to their name and address.A． pass B． write C． take D． leave26．The sign reads“In case of fire, break the glass and push redbutton.”A．不填； a B．不填； the C． the; the D． a;a27． All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervouseness.A． has grown B． is growing C． grew D． had grown28． A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A． should B． can C． must D． will29．We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us you can meet us there later.A． but B． and C． or D． then30．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.A． be stayed B． stay C． be staying D． have stayed31．Newsreports say peace talks between the two countries with no agreement reached.A． have broken down B． have broken out C． have broken in D．have broken up 32．— There’s coffee and tea: you can have.— Thanks.A． either B． each C． one D． it33．— Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.— Why? John is sitting there doing nothing.A． him B． he C． I D． me34． The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with each other.A． they had quarreled B． they have quarreledC． have they quarreled D． had they quarreled35．— I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.—.It was her fault.A． No way B． Not possible C． No chance D． Not at all第二节：完形填空（共20 小题：每题 1.5 分，满分30 分）阅读下边短文，掌握其粗心，而后从36— 55 各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最正确选项。

2018年高考生物试卷(新课标2)(解析)

2018年全国统一高考生物试卷（新课标Ⅱ）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题：本题共6小题，每小题6分，共36分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．（6分）下列关于人体中蛋白质功能的叙述，错误的是（）A．浆细胞产生的抗体可结合相应的病毒抗原B．肌细胞中的某些蛋白质参与肌肉收缩的过程C．蛋白质结合Mg2+形成的血红蛋白参与O2运输D．细胞核中某些蛋白质是染色体的重要组成成分【考点】17：蛋白质在生命活动中的主要功能．【专题】41：正推法；511：蛋白质核酸的结构与功能．【分析】蛋白质的功能﹣生命活动的主要承担者：①构成细胞和生物体的重要物质，即结构蛋白，如羽毛、头发、蛛丝、肌动蛋白；②催化作用：如绝大多数酶；③传递信息，即调节作用：如胰岛素、生长激素；④免疫作用：如免疫球蛋白（抗体）；⑤运输作用：如红细胞中的血红蛋白。

【解答】解：A、浆细胞产生的抗体可结合相应的病毒抗原，产生抗原抗体复合物，A正确；B、肌细胞中的某些蛋白质参与肌肉收缩的过程，如肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白，B正确；C、蛋台质结合Fe2+形成的血红蛋白参与O2运输，C错误；D、染色体主要由DNA和蛋白质组成，细胞核中某些蛋白质是染色体的重要组成成分，D正确。

故选：C。

【点评】本题考查了蛋白质的功能，意在考查考生的识记和应用能力，属于基础题。

2．（6分）下列有关物质跨膜运输的叙述，正确的是（）A．巨噬细胞摄入病原体的过程属于协助扩散B．固醇类激素进入靶细胞的过程属于主动运输C．神经细胞受到刺激时产生的Na+内流属于被动运输D．护肤品中的甘油进入皮肤细胞的过程属于主动运输【考点】31：物质跨膜运输的方式及其异同．【专题】41：正推法；518：物质跨膜运输．【分析】小分子物质物质跨膜运输方式分：主动运输和被动运输。

被动运输分自由扩散和协助扩散。

被动运输的影响因素有被运输的物质浓度差。

协助扩散的影响因素有细胞膜上的载体蛋白。

主动运输的影响因素细胞膜上的载体蛋白和能量。

2018高考新课标全国卷历史41题_论证题汇总

四、论证题：纵观近5年的全国卷第41题（历史论证题），大致分两类：（1）历史阐释题：观点提炼+阐释说明。

如2014年全国Ⅰ卷；2016全国Ⅰ卷（2）历史探讨题：观点判断+论证评价。

如2012年全国新课标卷从赞成、反对、片面三种观点中选其一；2015年全国Ⅰ卷自主观点下多维阐释。

（1）历史阐释题中常见行为动词为“说明”（证明）、“阐述”（阐明并论述）。

此类题答题步骤一般为三步：①材料观点“为何”（是什么）②论证过程“缘何”（为什么）③提升小结（2）历史探讨题中常见的行为动词为“评”、“评述”、“评论”、“评析”（评价并论述），“探讨”或“探究”（探索研讨）。

此类题答题步骤一般为四步：①材料观点“为何”（是什么）②我的观点“若何”（怎么样）③论证过程“缘何”（为什么）④提升小结近年来，小论文性开放性试题的高考评分“采用solo评分和采分点评分相结合的办法，从论述和思维两个方面计分”。

因此，“是什么”+“为什么”+小结或“是什么”+“怎么样”+“为什么”+小结的论证模式是完全符合此类试题高考评分标准的。

例1（2012年高考课标全国卷文综41题．12分）阅读材料，回答问题。

“冲击—反应”曾是国内外史学界解释中国近代历史的模式之一。

其主要观点为中国社会存在巨大惰性，缺乏突破传统框架的内部动力；从19世纪中期开始，西方的冲击促使中国发生剧烈变化。

有人据此图示中国近代历史变迁。

根据材料并结合所学知识，评析“冲击—反应”模式（要求：对该模式赞成、反对或另有观点均可，观点明确；运用材料中的史实进行评析，史论结合。

）例2（2014全国卷一41）（12分）阅读材料，回答问题。

材料下面是1960年我国中学历史教科书中“抗日战争”内容的目录摘编。

第二十章全国抗日战争的开始第二十一章两条路线、两个战场1．抗日战争中的两条路线2．国民党军队的大溃退3．平型关大捷4．敌后抗日根据地的建立和迅速发展第二十二章毛主席《论持久战》的发表和中国共产党的六届六中全会第二十三章国民党反共高潮的被击退和《新民主主义论》的发表第二十四章日本帝国主义在沦陷区的殖民统治第二十五章解放区的巩固和发展第二十六章国民党的黑暗统治和民主运动的开展第二十七章抗日战争的最后胜利1．中国共产党第七次全国代表大会2．解放区军民大反攻和日寇的无奈件投降3．抗日战争胜利的伟大历史意义根据材料并结合所学知识，对该目录提出一条修改建议，并说明修改理由。

2018年高考历史全国卷1第42题说题

2018高考历史全国卷2第41题说题试题展示(2018新课标2卷第41题）材料中国是大豆的故乡，甲骨文中就有关于大豆的记载。

先秦时期，大豆栽培主要是在黄河中游地区，“豆饭”是人们的重要食物。

《齐民要术》通过总结劳动人民长期的实践经验，认识到大豆对于改良土壤的作用，主张大豆与其他物种轮种。

唐宋时期的文献中都有朝廷调集大豆送至南方救灾、备种的记录，大豆的种植推广到江南及岭南······从古至今，各式各样的豆制品是中国人喜爱的食物，提供了人体所需的优质植物蛋白。

1765年，大豆引入北美，最初作为饲料或绿肥。

19世纪60年代，豆腐在美国开始被视为健康食品。

19世纪末，大豆根瘤的固氮功能被发现，在美国干旱地区推广种植，至1910年，美国已经拥有280多个大豆品种。

1931年，福特公司从大豆中开发出人造蛋白纤维，大豆成为食品工业、轻工业及医药工业的重要原料。

1954年，美国成为世界上最大的大豆生产国，种植面积超过一亿亩。

大豆在南北美洲都得到广泛种植，美洲的农田和中国人的餐桌发生了紧密联系。

------摘编自刘启振等《“一带一路”视域下栽培大豆的起源和传播》等（1）根据材料并结合所学知识，概括我国历史上种植利用大豆的特点和作用。

（12分）（2）根据材料并结合所学知识，说明大豆在美国广泛种植的原因。

（8分）（3）根据材料并结合所学知识，简析物种交流的积极意义。

（5分）一、试题的命题立意第41题作为历史高考材料题中的第一题，注重对学生知识运用能力的考查。

纵观2013-2017年全国2卷41题的考察方向来看，41题命题特点表现为“古今贯通，中外关联”。

总体来看，以考查历史的横向联系为重点，即同一时期或不同时期在同一领域的东西方文明的交流及影响。

同时也兼顾历史的纵向对比。

2018年全国2卷的41题正是在这样大方向下考察了一带一路视野下东西方农业文明的发展。

1、知识立意一个国家经济的发展离不开农业。

2018年高考英语一轮复习专题41Womenofachievement(测)

专题4.1 Women of achievemen单元检测卷（时间50分钟；满分100分）班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）【安徽省2017届皖江名校联盟决战高考最后一卷】When I was four, I lost my sight by falling off a box car and landing on my head. Now I’m thirty-two. I can ___1___ remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It’d be wonderful to see again, but a ___2___ can do strange things to people.It ___3___ me the other day that I mightn’t have come to love life as I do now if I hadn’t been ___4___. The loss of my eyes made me ___5___ the more what I had left.It took me years to discover and strengthen this___6___. It had to start with the most___7___ things. Once a man gave me an indoor ___8___ “I can’t use this,”I was hurt, thinking he’s ___9___ me. “Take it with you,”he urged me, “and roll it around.”The words ___10___ in my head. By rolling the ball I could ___11___ where it went. This gave me an idea ___12___ to achievethe goal I had thought ___13___; playing baseball. Later, at Philadelphia’s Overbrook School for the Blind, I___14___ a successful variation (变体) of baseball. We called it ground ball.Life asks a continuous series of ___15___ to reality — I believe it! The more ___16___ you’re able to make them, the more peaceful your private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was once ___17___ and afraid, knowing nowhere to go. But I was ___18___. My parents and teachers saw something in me a potential to live.The hardest ___19___ I had to learn was to believe in myself. Had I not done that, I’d have ___20___ and become a chair rocker for the rest of my life. I’d fail sometimes anyway but on average I made progress.1. A. totally B. vaguely C. basicallyD. hopefully2. A. crash B. comedy C. disasterD. story3. A. appealed to B. happened to C. referred to D. occurred to4. A. blind B. affected C. lameD. attacked5. A. regard B. measure C. appreciateD. praise6. A. theory B. principle C. ruleD. belief7. A. fundamental B. wonderful C. interesting D. creative8. A. box car B. baseball C. ground ballD. softball9. A. consulting B. encouraging C. scoldingD. teasing10. A. stuck B. dropped C. fadedD. died11. A. notice B. feel C. hearD. smell12. A. when B. how C. whetherD. where13. A. realistic B. reasonable C. impossible D. potential14. A. experimented B. invented C. promotedD. bought15. A. trials B. efforts C.adjustments D. comments16. A. readily B. comfortably C. preciselyD. differently17. A. delighted B. inspired C. frightenedD. puzzled18. A. shocked B. lucky C. unwillingD. disappointed19. A. lecture B. message C. textD. lesson20. A. broken down B. taken off C. pulled through D. stood out【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7.A 8.B 9. D 10. A 11.C 12. B 13. C14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. A2. 考查名词辨析及上下文理解。

2018年全国卷Ⅰ理综高考真题文档版(含答案)

与 Y 同族；W 与 Z 形成的化合物可与浓硫酸反应，其生成物可腐蚀玻璃。下列说法正确的是
A．常温常压下 X 的单质为气态
B．Z 的氢化物为离子化合物
C．Y 和 Z 形成的化合物的水溶液呈碱性 D．W 与 Y 具有相同的最高化合价 13．最近我国科学家设计了一种 CO2+H2S 协同转化装置，实现对天然气中 CO2 和 H2S 的高效去除。示意图如图所示，其中电极分别为 ZnO@石墨烯（石墨烯包裹的 ZnO）和石墨烯，石墨烯电极区发生反应为：
如图（a），一弹簧上端固定在支架顶端，下端悬挂一托盘：一标尺由游标和主尺构成，主尺竖直固定在弹簧左边；托盘上方固定有一能与游标刻度线准确对齐的装置，简化为图中的指针。学科#网
现要测量图（a）中弹簧的劲度系数，当托盘内没有砝码时，移动游标，使其零刻度线对准指针，此时标尺读数为 1.950 cm；当托盘内放有质量为 0.100 kg 的砝码时，移动游标，再次使其零刻度线对准指针，标尺示数如图（b）所示，其读数为_______cm。当地的重力加速度大小为 9.80 m/s2，此弹簧的劲度系数为 ________N/m（保留 3 位有效数字）。
A．2mgR B．4mgR C．5mgR D．6mgR 19．如图，两个线圈绕在同一根铁芯上，其中一线圈通过开关与电源连接，另一线圈与远处沿南北方向水平放置在
纸面内的直导线连接成回路。将一小磁针悬挂在直导线正上方，开关未闭合时小磁针处于静止状态。下列说法正确的是
A．开关闭合后的瞬间，小磁针的 N 极朝垂直纸面向里的方向转动 B．开关闭合并保持一段时间后，小磁针的 N 极指向垂直纸面向里的方向 C．开关闭合并保持一段时间后，小磁针的 N 极指向垂直纸面向外的方向 D．开关闭合并保持一段时间再断开后的瞬间，小磁针的 N 极朝垂直纸面向外的方向转动 20．2017 年，人类第一次直接探测到来自双中子星合并的引力波。根据科学家们复原的过程，在两颗中子星合并前约 100 s 时，它们相距约 400 km，绕二者连线上的某点每秒转动 12 圈，将两颗中子星都看作是质量均匀分布的球体，由这些数据、万有引力常量并利用牛顿力学知识，可以估算出这一时刻两颗中子星 A．质量之积 B．质量之和 C．速率之和 D．各自的自转角速度 21．图中虚线 a、b、c、d、f 代表匀强电场内间距相等的一组等势面，已知平面 b 上的电势为 2 V。一电子经过 a 时的动能为 10 eV，从 a 到 d 的过程中克服电场力所做的功为 6 eV。下列说法正确的是